Isaiah 51:19 — Word Study
WLCשְׁתַּ֤יִם הֵ֙נָּה֙ קֹֽרְאֹתַ֔יִךְ מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑ךְ הַשֹּׁ֧ד וְהַשֶּׁ֛בֶר וְהָרָעָ֥ב וְהַחֶ֖רֶב מִ֥י אֲנַחֲמֵֽךְ׃
BSAThesehênnâh pairsshᵉnayim [two things, a dual calamity] have befallenqârâʼ devastationshôd [desolation, wasting] and destructionsheber [breaking, shattering] faminerâʻâb [hunger, lack of food] and swordchereb [cutting instrument, war] Whomîy [what person] will grieve for younûwd▸ [mourn, be sorry] Whomîy [what person] can comfort younâcham▸ [show pity, sympathize with]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שְׁתַּ֤יִם | two [things] | Adj |
| הֵ֙נָּה֙ | they | Pronoun |
| קֹֽרְאֹתַ֔יִךְ | [have] happened to you | Verb qal participle (active) feminine plural common, suffix |
| מִ֖י | who? | Pronoun |
| יָנ֣וּד | does he show sympathy | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| לָ֑ךְ | to you | Preposition, suffix |
| הַשֹּׁ֧ד | the devastation | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְהַשֶּׁ֛בֶר | and the destruction | Conjunction, particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְהָרָעָ֥ב | and the famine | Conjunction, particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְהַחֶ֖רֶב | and the sword | Conjunction, particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| מִ֥י | who? | Pronoun |
| אֲנַחֲמֵֽךְ׃ | do I comfort you | Verb piel imperfect first person common singular, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | These pairs have befallen you: devastation and destruction, famine and sword. Who will grieve for you? Who can comfort you? |
| KJV | These two things are come unto thee; who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword: by whom shall I comfort thee? |
| ASV | These two things are befallen thee, who shall bemoan thee? desolation and destruction, and the famine and the sword; how shall I comfort thee? |
| YLT | These two are meeting thee, who is moved for thee? Spoiling and destruction — Famine and sword, who — I comfort thee? |
| WEB | These two things have happened to you— who will grieve with you?— desolation and destruction, and famine and the sword. How can I comfort you? |
| BBE | These two things have come on you; who will be weeping for you? wasting and destruction; death from need of food, and from the sword; how may you be comforted? |
Where they part company is שְׁתַּ֤יִם — see How Translations Differ.
The verse consists of a main clause followed by a list of calamities and two questions, emphasizing the gravity of the situation.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectהֵנָּה
verbנוּד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 51:19
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Calamities of the Peoplegenerated
Isaiah 51:19 describes the dual calamities that have befallen the people: devastation and destruction, famine and sword. The prophet questions who will grieve for them or offer comfort, highlighting their isolation and suffering. This passage serves as a poignant reminder of the consequences of turning away from God, as seen in the surrounding verses that depict the affliction of the people.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 47:9 | These two things will overtake you in a moment, in a single day: loss of children, and widowhood. They will come upon you in full measure, in spite of your many sorceries and the potency of your spells. |
| 2 | Ezekiel 14:21 | For this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘How much worse will it be when I send against Jerusalem My four dire judgments—sword, famine, wild beasts, and plague—in order to cut off from it both man and beast? |
| 3 | Job 2:11 | Now when Job’s three friends—Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite—heard about all this adversity that had come upon him, each of them came from his home, and they met together to go and sympathize with Job and comfort him. |
| 4 | Psalm 69:20 | Insults have broken my heart, and I am in despair. I looked for sympathy, but there was none, for comforters, but I found no one. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 9:17–21 | This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Take note, and summon the wailing women; send for the most skillful among them. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 15 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שְׁתַּ֤יִם, she.Ta.yimgenerated
The word שְׁנַיִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves to denote pairs or dualities. It appears frequently in the Hebrew Bible, often to emphasize the significance of things that come in twos, such as witnesses or tablets. The parsing as an adjective indicates its function in this verse as a descriptor of the calamities.
In this context, it emphasizes the dual nature of the afflictions faced by the people, suggesting a compounded suffering that requires attention and response.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of multiple clauses, with the main idea centered around the calamities that have befallen the people. The finite verb יָנ֣וּד (does he show sympathy) governs the inquiry about who will mourn or comfort them, while the preceding phrases list the pairs of calamities.
The structure emphasizes the severity of the situation through the repetition of 'who' in the questions, drawing attention to the lack of support for the afflicted.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, שְׁתַּ֤יִם is rendered as δύο, which simply means 'two.' This choice reflects a straightforward translation that retains the duality of the calamities without additional interpretation.
The use of שְׁתַּ֤יִם highlights the emphasis on the compounded nature of the suffering, which is consistent with the original Hebrew intent.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 51:19 describes the dual calamities that have come upon the people: devastation and destruction, famine and sword. The prophet questions who will mourn for them or offer comfort, highlighting their isolation and suffering. This passage serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The dual calamity refers to the simultaneous occurrences of devastation and destruction, as well as famine and sword, indicating a severe crisis.
The people of Israel are being addressed, particularly those who are suffering due to their sins.
The questions emphasize the lack of support and comfort for the afflicted, highlighting their dire situation.
It connects to the surrounding text by illustrating the consequences of the people's abandonment of God and their resulting suffering.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some ways I can offer comfort to those who are suffering around me?
- How does understanding the duality of calamities change my perspective on hardship?
- In what ways have I experienced or witnessed the consequences of turning away from God?
- How can I be more aware of the needs of those who may feel isolated in their struggles?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Theodoret of Cyrus and Ishodad of Merv provide insights on Isaiah 51:19, interpreting the dual calamities as consequences of sin and abandonment of God.
By “two,” he means the bravery of the adversaries and the desertion of the auxiliaries: while the former attack with courage, the others flee in a cowardly fashion.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 51 →
“These two things have befallen you,” that is, they have befallen you because of your sins. You have abandoned God, and you have followed the idols;Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 51 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 51:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThese two things are come unto thee,.... Affliction from the hand of God, though by means of enemies, and no friends to help, support, and comfort, as before hinted: or else this respects what
Read John Gill on Isaiah 51 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThese two things are come unto thee; who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword: by whom shall I comfort thee?
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 51 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThese two things; either, 1. Those which were now mentioned: 1. That she was drunk with the cup of God’ s wrath, . 2. That she had none to support or comfort her in that condition, Or, 2. Those which here follow, which although they be expressed in four words, yet they may fitly be reduced to two things, the desolation or devastation of the land, and the destruction of the people, by famine and sword. So famine and sword are not named as new evils, but only as the particular ways or means of bringing the destruction there mentioned; and the words may be thus rendered, desolation and destruction, even (this Hebrew particle being oft taken expositively, whereof many instances have been given)…
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 51 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 51:19 These two [things] are come unto thee; who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword: by whom shall I comfort thee?Ver. 19. These two things are come unto thee.] As they seldom are separated; as some write of the asp, that he never wanders alone without his companion. Who shall be sorry for thee?] Condole and comfort thee. Desolation and destruction, and the famine and the sword,] i.e., Desolation by famine, and destruction by the sword; or, as some will have it, desolation by famine and sword, and want of consolation. By whom shall I comfort thee?] By whom but by myself, when thou art at thy greatest under, and even forsaken of thy…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 51 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(19) These two things . . .—The two things are amplified into four: (1) the two effects, and (2) the two causes. Who shall be sorry for thee?—Better, Be sorry with thee, or who shall console thee? Even Jehovah is represented as failing, or seeming to fail, in finding a comforter for such affliction.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 51 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 19. These two things - desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword] That is, desolation by famine, and destruction by the sword, taking the terms alternately: of which form of construction see other examples. De S. Poesi, Heb. Prael. xix., and Prelim. Dissert. p. xxx. The Chaldee paraphrast, not rightly understanding this, has had recourse to the following expedient: "Two afflictions are come upon thee, and when four shall come upon thee, depredation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword - " Five MSS. הרעב haraab, without the conjunction ו vau; and so the Septuagint and Syriac. By whom shall I comfort thee - "Who shall comfort thee"] A MS., the Septuagint…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 51 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges19. These two things] (ch. Isaiah 47:9), i.e. two kinds of calamities; namely, devastation and destruction on land and city; famine and sword on the inhabitants. who shall be sorry for thee] Better who condoles with thee (Jeremiah 15:5; Nahum 3:7), i.e. “thou hast no sympathizers.” To “condole” is in Hebr. to shake the head (cf. Jeremiah 16:5; Job 2:11; Job 42:11 &c.), a similar gesture, expressed by a different verb, denotes contempt (see on ch. Isaiah 37:22). by whom shall I comfort thee?] Rather: how (lit. who) shall I comfort thee? The idiom cannot be reproduced exactly; see Amos 7:2; Amos 7:5 and comp. Davidson’s Synt. § 8 R. 1 (where it is suggested that the peculiar use of the…
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 51 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThese two things are come unto thee - Margin, ‘Happened.’ That is, two sources of calamity have come upon thee; to wit, famine and the sword, producing desolation and destruction; or desolation by
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 51 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
These pairs have befallen you: devastation and destruction, famine and sword. Who will grieve for you? Who can comfort you?
These two things have happened to you— who will grieve with you?— desolation and destruction, and famine and the sword. How can I comfort you?
These pairs have befallen you: devastation and destruction, famine and sword. Who will grieve for you? Who can comfort you?
These double disasters confronted you. But who feels sorry for you? Destruction and devastation, famine and sword. But who consoles you?
Tyndale line
These two things are come unto thee; who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword: by whom shall I comfort thee?
These two things are befallen thee, who shall bemoan thee? desolation and destruction, and the famine and the sword; how shall I comfort thee?
These two things are befallen thee; who shall bemoan thee? desolation and destruction, and the famine and the sword; how shall I comfort thee?
These two things have come to thee; who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and famine, and the sword: by whom shall I comfort thee?
These two thinges are come vnto thee: who will lament thee? desolation and destruction and famine, and the sworde: by whome shall I comfort thee?
Strictly literal
These two [things] are come unto thee; who will bemoan thee? — desolation and destruction, and famine and sword: how shall I comfort thee?
These two are meeting thee, who is moved for thee? Spoiling and destruction — Famine and sword, who — I comfort thee?
These two are meeting you, || Who is moved for you? Spoiling and destruction, famine and sword! By whom do I comfort you?
Two things are these which have befallen thee: who will have compassion for thee? desolation and destruction, and famine and sword—with whom shall I comfort thee?
These two troubles happened to you—who will grieve with you?— desolation and destruction, and the famine and the sword. Who will comfort you?
From the Latin
There are two things that have happened to thee: who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword, who shall comfort thee?
Simplified
Two tragedies have struck you: devastation caused by famine, and destruction caused by war. Who is going to sympathize with you? Who is going to comfort you?
These two things have come on you; who will be weeping for you? wasting and destruction; death from need of food, and from the sword; how may you be comforted?
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text (MT) of Isaiah 51:19 lists pairs of calamities: devastation and destruction, famine and sword, and questions who will grieve or comfort. The Septuagint (LXX) aligns closely with the MT in terms of content, as 11 of the 12 words match, although the word order and articles differ due to the nature of Greek syntax. The Dead Sea Scrolls (1Qisaa) also agree with the MT, preserving the same pairs of calamities and the rhetorical questions, indicating a consistent transmission of this verse across these ancient witnesses.
שְׁתַּ֤יִם הֵ֙נָּה֙ קֹֽרְאֹתַ֔יִךְ מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑ךְ הַשֹּׁ֧ד וְהַשֶּׁ֛בֶר וְהָרָעָ֥ב וְהַחֶ֖רֶב מִ֥י אֲנַחֲמֵֽךְ׃
11 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
שתים המה קראת׳כי מי ינוד ל׳כי השד והשבר והרעב והחרב מי ינחמ׳ך
12 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 51:19
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.
שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two
base
H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two
8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim
dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also
(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +
twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.
see HEBREW for 08145
שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.
1) two
1a) two (the cardinal number)
1a1) two, both, double, twice
1b) second (the ordinal number)
1c) in combination with other numbers
1d) both (a dual number)
Adj — AdjHAcfda
הֵ֫מָּה (hennah) means 'they' in Hebrew, specifically referring to a feminine plural form. It is derived from a grammatical extension of another word, הוּא (hu), which means 'he/she/it.' The entries indicate its use in various contexts, often emphasizing identity or relation.
H2007 הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם they
2007 hennah hane'-naw
prolongation for 2004; themselves (often used emphatic for
the copula, also in indirect relation):--X in, X such (and
such things), their, (into) them, thence, therein, these, they
(had), on this side, whose, wherein.
see HEBREW for 02004
הֵנָּה (hen.nah) — they(fem.).
they, these, the same, who
A grammatical form of hu (הוּא "he/she/it" H1931)
Pron — PronounHPp3fp
The Hebrew word קָרָא (*qara'*) is a primitive root meaning to encounter or meet, often unexpectedly. It encompasses various nuances, including to befall or happen by chance. The verb appears in different forms: Qal (to meet), Niphal (to meet unexpectedly), and Hiphil (to cause to meet). Brown-Driver-Briggs notes its use in a figurative sense as well.
[קָרָא] 137 vb. encounter, befall
Qal 131
meet, encounter
fig. befall
Niph. meet unexpectedly
Hiph. thou didst cause all this evil to befall them
base
H7122 קָרָא encounter, befall
7122 qara' kaw-raw'
a primitive root: to encounter, whether accidentally or in a
hostile manner:--befall, (by) chance, (cause to) come (upon),
fall out, happen, meet.
קָרָא (qa.ra) — to encounter: meet.
: meet
1) to encounter, befall, meet
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to meet, encounter
1a2) to befall (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to meet, meet unexpectedly
1c) (Hiphil) to cause to meet
קָרָא (qa.ra) — to encounter: toward.
: toward/(come)against
1) to encounter, befall, meet
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to meet, encounter
1a2) to befall (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to meet, meet unexpectedly
1c) (Hiphil) to cause to meet
קָרָא (qa.ra) — to encounter: chanced.
: happen[unexpectedly]
1) to encounter, befall, meet
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to meet, encounter
1a2) to befall (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to meet, meet unexpectedly
1c) (Hiphil) to cause to meet
V-Qal | Suff — Verb qal participle (active) feminine plural common · suffixHVqrfpc/Sp2fs
מִי (mi) is an interrogative pronoun primarily used to ask about persons, meaning 'who?' or 'whose?'. It can also appear in rhetorical questions and has some idiomatic uses, such as 'who among...?' or 'whosoever'. The word is rarely applied to things, and its forms can vary in emphasis.
מִי 423 pron.interrog. who? of persons
מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied
in the gen. whose
in an indirect qu.
מִי ב׳ who among … ?
strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.
various rhetorical uses whose
מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it
once, following a verb, any one
base
H4310 מִי who? of persons . מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied
. in the gen. whose
. in an indirect qu.
. מִי ב׳ who among … ?
. strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.
. various rhetorical uses whose
. מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it
. once, following a verb, any one
4310 miy me
an interrogative pronoun of persons, as 4100 is of things,
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also
(indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction
with prefix or suffix:--any (man), X he, X him, + O that!
what, which, who(-m, -se, -soever), + would to God.
see HEBREW for 04100
מִי (mi) — who?.
who?, whose?, whom?, would that, whoever, whosoever
Part — PronounHPi
The Hebrew word נוּד (*nuwd*) is a primitive root meaning to move to and fro or wander. It encompasses a range of actions including shaking, fluttering, and showing grief, as well as more figurative uses like taunting or consoling. The entries detail various forms and nuances, such as causing others to wander or moving oneself in grief.
נוּד vb. move to and fro, wander, shudder, shew grief
Qal
move to and fro, wander aimlessly, as fugitive
flutter
waver, wave, shake
shew grief (i.e. by shaking or nodding head)
Hiph.
cause to wander aimlessly, as fugitives
make a wagging, wag with the head
Hoph. and the worthless, like briers made to flutter (tossed away) are they
Hithpo‛lel
move oneself to and fro, sway, totter
shake oneself, in excitement
bemoan oneself
base
H5110 נוּד move to and fro, wander, shudder, shew grief
5110 nuwd nood
a primitive root; to nod, i.e. waver; figuratively, to
wander, flee, disappear; also (from shaking the head in
sympathy), to console, deplore, or (from tossing the head in
scorn) taunt:--bemoan, flee, get, mourn, make to move, take
pity, remove, shake, skip for joy, be sorry, vagabond, way,
wandering.
נוּד (nud) — to wander.
1) to shake, waver, wander, move to and fro, flutter, show grief, have compassion on
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to move to and fro, wander (aimlessly), take flight
1a2) to flutter
1a3) to waver, wave, shake
1a4) to show grief
1a4a) to lament, condole, show sympathy
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to wander (aimlessly)
1b2) to make a wagging, wag (with the head)
1c) (Hithpolel)
1c1) to move oneself to and fro, sway, totter
1c2) to shake oneself
1c3) to bemoan oneself
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
→ General scriptures concerning Job 2:11-13; 6:14; 22:29; Ec 7:2; Php 2:1,2; Jas 1:27; 1Pe 3:8
→ See AFFLICTED
→ See AFFLICTIONS
→ See JESUS, COMPASSION OF
→ See PITY
ךְ (kh) — you.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular
HR/Sp2fs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2fs
שֹׁד (shod) refers to concepts of violence and destruction, encompassing havoc, devastation, and ruin. It is derived from a root that suggests oppression and robbery. The term appears in contexts related to social sin and the consequences of violence, as noted in Job 5:21.
שֹׁד, שׁוֹד n.m. violence, havoc, devastation, ruin
base
H7701 שֹׁד, שׁוֹד violence, havoc, devastation, ruin
7701 shod shode
or showd (Job 5:21) {shode}; from 7736; violence,
ravage:--desolation, destruction, oppression, robbery,
spoil(-ed, -er, - ing), wasting.
see HEBREW for 07736
שֹׁד (shod) — violence.
1) havoc, violence, destruction, devastation, ruin
1a) violence, havoc (as social sin)
1b) devastation, ruin
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
שֶׁ֫בֶר (sheber) refers to breaking or fracturing, encompassing meanings like crash, ruin, and destruction. It can also denote the breaking of a dream and its interpretation. The term appears in various contexts, including physical damage and emotional distress.
שֶׁ֫בֶר, שֵׁ֫בֶר n.m. breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crash
base
H7667 שֶׁ֫בֶר, שֵׁ֫בֶר breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crash
7667 sheber sheh'-ber
or sheber {shay'-ber}; from 7665; a fracture, figuratively,
ruin; specifically, a solution (of a dream):--affliction,
breach, breaking, broken(-footed, -handed), bruise, crashing,
destruction, hurt, interpretation, vexation.
see HEBREW for 07665
שֶׁ֫בֶר (she.ver) — breaking.
1) breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crash, ruin, shattering
1a) breaking, fracture, shattering, crushing
1b) crashing
1c) breaking (of a dream), interpretation
1d) quarries
Conj | Art | N-ms — Conjunction · particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Td/Ncmsa
de-struk'-shun: In the King James Version this word translates over 30 Hebrew words in the Old Testament, and 4 words in the New Testament. Of these the most interesting, as having a technical sense, is 'abhaddon (from verb 'abhadh, "to be lost," "to perish"). It is found 6 times in the Wisdom Literature, and nowhere else in the Old Testament; compare Re 9:11. See ABADDON.
Destruction
In Job 26:6, 28:22 (Heb. abaddon) is sheol, the realm of the dead.
רָעָב (ra`ab) refers to famine and hunger, indicating a lack of food that can affect individuals or entire nations. It is derived from the root meaning to be hungry, and it encompasses both literal and figurative uses, such as famine caused by divine judgment. The entries consistently emphasize its association with severe food scarcity.
רָעָב 101 n.m. famine, hunger
base
H7458 רָעָב famine, hunger
7458 ra`ab raw-awb'
from 7456; hunger (more or less extensive):--dearth,
famine, + famished, hunger.
see HEBREW for 07456
רָעָב (ra.av) — famine.
1) famine, hunger
1a) famine (in land, nation)
1a1) of Jehovah's word (fig)
1b) hunger (of individuals)
Conj | Art | N-ms — Conjunction · particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Td/Ncmsa
fam'-in (ra`abh; limos):
1. Natural Causes
2. Famines Mentioned
3. Divine Relations
4. Figurative Uses
The common Old Testament word for "famine" is ra`abh; re`abhon also occurs (Ge 42:19,33; Ps 37:19), and kaphan (Job 5:22; 30:3), all meaning "hunger" and "famine"; in the New Testament the word is limos, meaning primarily "failure," "want of food."
Famine
The first mentioned in Scripture was so grievous as to compel Abraham to go down to the land of Egypt (Gen. 26:1). Another is mentioned as having occurred in the days of Isaac, causing him to go to Gerar (Gen. 26:1, 17). But the most remarkable of all was that which arose in Egypt in the days of Joseph, which lasted for seven years (Gen. 41-45).
Famines were sent as an effect of God’s anger against a guilty people (2 Kings 8:1, 2; Amos 8:11; Deut. 28:22-42; 2 Sam. 21:1; 2 Kings 6:25-28; 25:3;
In the whole of Syria and Arabia, the fruits of the earth must ever be dependent on rain; the watersheds having few large springs, and the small rivers not being sufficient for the irrigation of even the level lands. If therefore the heavy rains of November and December fail, the sustenance of the people is cut off in the parching drought of harvest-time, when the country is almost devoid of moisture. Egypt, again, owes all its fertility to its mighty river, whose annual rise inundates nearly the whole land. The causes of dearth and famine in Egypt are defective inundation, preceded, accompanied and followed by prevalent easterly and southerly winds. Famine is likewise a natural result in the East when caterpillars, locusts or other insects destroy the products of the earth. The first famine recorded in the Bible is that of Abraham after he had pitched his tent on the east of Bethel…
Scripture records several famines in Palestine, and the neighboring countries, Ge 12:10 26:1 Ru 1:1 2Ki 6:25 Ac 11:27. The most remarkable one was that of seven years in Egypt, while Joseph was governor, Ge 41:1-57. It was distinguished for its duration, extent, and severity; particularly as Egypt is one of the countries least subject to such a calamity, by reason of its general fertility. Famine is sometimes a natural effect, as when the Nile does not overflow in Egypt, or rains do not fall in Judea, at the customary season; or when caterpillars, locusts, or other insects, destroy the fruits. But all natural causes are…
חֶ֫רֶב (chereb) means 'sword' and can also refer to other cutting instruments like knives and tools. It is derived from a root meaning 'drought,' highlighting its destructive nature. The term is used in various contexts in the Old Testament, primarily to denote weapons.
חֶ֫רֶב 411 n.f. sword (as weapon)
base
H2719 חֶ֫רֶב sword (as weapon)
2719 chereb kheh'-reb
from 2717; drought; also a cutting instrument (from its
destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp
implement:--axe, dagger, knife, mattock, sword, tool.
see HEBREW for 02717
חֶ֫רֶב (che.rev) — sword.
1) sword, knife
1a) sword
1b) knife
1c) tools for cutting stone
Conj | Art | N-fs — Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Td/Ncfsa
sord.
See ARMOR, III, 5.
Sword
Of the Hebrew was pointed, sometimes two-edged, was worn in a sheath, and suspended from the girdle (Ex. 32:27; 1 Sam. 31:4; 1 Chr. 21:27; Ps. 149:6: Prov. 5:4; Ezek. 16:40; 21:3-5).
It is a symbol of divine chastisement (Deut. 32:25; Ps. 7:12; 78:62), and of a slanderous tongue (Ps. 57:4; 64:3; Prov. 12:18). The word of God is likened also to a…
[ARMS, ARMOR]
מִי (mi) is an interrogative pronoun primarily used to ask about persons, meaning 'who?' or 'whose?'. It can also appear in rhetorical questions and has some idiomatic uses, such as 'who among...?' or 'whosoever'. The word is rarely applied to things, and its forms can vary in emphasis.
מִי 423 pron.interrog. who? of persons
מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied
in the gen. whose
in an indirect qu.
מִי ב׳ who among … ?
strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.
various rhetorical uses whose
מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it
once, following a verb, any one
base
H4310 מִי who? of persons . מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied
. in the gen. whose
. in an indirect qu.
. מִי ב׳ who among … ?
. strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.
. various rhetorical uses whose
. מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it
. once, following a verb, any one
4310 miy me
an interrogative pronoun of persons, as 4100 is of things,
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also
(indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction
with prefix or suffix:--any (man), X he, X him, + O that!
what, which, who(-m, -se, -soever), + would to God.
see HEBREW for 04100
מִי (mi) — who?.
who?, whose?, whom?, would that, whoever, whosoever
Part — PronounHPi
נָחַם (nacham) is a Hebrew root that conveys a range of meanings related to feelings of sorrow, compassion, and comfort. It can signify being sorry, repenting, or consoling oneself, as well as avenging oneself in a more negative context. The verb appears in various forms, including Niph., Piel, Pual, and Hithpael, each reflecting different nuances of comfort and regret.
[נחם] vb. Niph. be sorry, console oneself, etc.
Niph.
be sorry, moved to pity, have compassion, for others
be sorry, rue, suffer grief, repent, of one’s own doings
comfort oneself, be comforted
comfort oneself, ease oneself, by taking vengeance
Piel—comfort, console
Pual; be comforted, consoled
Hithpa.—
be sorry, have compassion
rue, repent of
comfort oneself, be comforted
ease oneself, by taking vengeance
base
H5162 נחם Niph. be sorry, console oneself, etc. .comfort, console
. be comforted, consoled
.— . be sorry, have compassion
. rue, repent of
. comfort oneself, be comforted
. ease oneself, by taking vengeance
5162 nacham naw-kham'
a primitive root; properly, to sigh, i.e. breathe strongly;
by implication, to be sorry, i.e. (in a favorable sense) to
pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavorably) to avenge
(oneself):--comfort (self), ease (one's self),
repent(-er,-ing, self).
נָחַם (na.cham) — to be sorry: comfort.
: comfort
1) to be sorry, console oneself, repent, regret, comfort, be comforted
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to be sorry, be moved to pity, have compassion
1a2) to be sorry, rue, suffer grief, repent
1a3) to comfort oneself, be comforted
1a4) to comfort oneself, ease oneself
1b) (Piel) to comfort, console
1c) (Pual) to be comforted, be consoled
1d) (Hithpael)
1d1) to be sorry, have compassion
1d2) to rue, repent of
1d3) to comfort oneself, be comforted
1d4) to ease oneself
Also means: na.cham (נָחַם ": relent" H5162H)
נָחַם (na.cham) — to be sorry: relent.
: relent
1) to be sorry, console oneself, repent, regret, comfort, be comforted
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to be sorry, be moved to pity, have compassion
1a2) to be sorry, rue, suffer grief, repent
1a3) to comfort oneself, be comforted
1a4) to comfort oneself, ease oneself
1b) (Piel) to comfort, console
V-Piel-Imperf-1cs | Suff — Verb piel imperfect first person common singular · suffixHVpi1cs/Sp2fs
