Isaiah 8:9 — Word Study
WLCרֹ֤עוּ עַמִּים֙ וָחֹ֔תּוּ וְהַֽאֲזִ֔ינוּ כֹּ֖ל מֶרְחַקֵּי־ אָ֑רֶץ הִתְאַזְּר֣וּ וָחֹ֔תּוּ הִֽתְאַזְּר֖וּ וָחֹֽתּוּ׃
BSAHuddle togetherrâʻaʻ [associate yourselves, make an uproar] O peoplesʻam [nations, Amaw] and be shatteredchâthath [broken in pieces, utterly destroyed] pay attentionʼâzan [give ear, listen] allkôl you distantmerchâq landsʼerets [far countries] prepare for battleʼâzar [gird yourselves, dress for battle] and be shatteredchâthath [broken, dismayed] prepare for battleʼâzar [gird yourselves] and be shatteredchâthath [broken, crushed]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| רֹ֤עוּ | be bad | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine plural |
| עַמִּים֙ | O peoples | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| וָחֹ֔תּוּ | and be shattered | Conjunction, verb qal imperative second person masculine plural |
| וְהַֽאֲזִ֔ינוּ | and give ear | Conjunction, verb hiphil imperative second person masculine plural |
| כֹּ֖ל | O all | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| מֶרְחַקֵּי־ | [the] distant places of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| אָ֑רֶץ | [the] earth | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| הִתְאַזְּר֣וּ | gird yourselves | Verb, Hithpael, imperative second person masculine plural |
| וָחֹ֔תּוּ | and be shattered | Conjunction, verb qal imperative second person masculine plural |
| הִֽתְאַזְּר֖וּ | gird yourselves | Verb, Hithpael, imperative second person masculine plural |
| וָחֹֽתּוּ׃ | and be shattered | Conjunction, verb qal imperative second person masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Huddle together, O peoples, and be shattered; pay attention, all you distant lands; prepare for battle, and be shattered; prepare for battle, and be shattered! |
| KJV | ¶ Associate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces. |
| ASV | Make an uproar, O ye peoples, and be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and be broken in pieces. |
| YLT | Be friends, O nations, and be broken, And give ear, all ye far off ones of earth, Gird yourselves, and be broken, Gird yourselves, and be broken. |
| WEB | Make an uproar, you peoples, and be broken in pieces! Listen, all you from far countries: dress for battle, and be shattered! Dress for battle, and be shattered! |
| BBE | Have knowledge, O peoples, and be in fear; give ear, all you far-off parts of the earth: |
The translations agree on the imperative nature of the commands, particularly with the emphasis on חָתַת.
The verse contains multiple commands, with a clear structure that emphasizes the urgency of the message.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbרָעַע
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 8:9
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Prophecy Against the Nationsgenerated
Isaiah 8:9 presents a stark warning to the nations, emphasizing the futility of opposing God's will. The verse serves as a call to unity among the peoples, urging them to recognize the impending judgment and prepare themselves for the consequences of their actions. This passage reflects a broader theme found throughout Isaiah, where the prophet often addresses both Israel and surrounding nations regarding their moral and spiritual state, as seen in Isaiah 7:1-2 and Isaiah 54:15.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 7:1–2 | Now in the days that Ahaz son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, was king of Judah, Rezin king of Aram marched up to wage war against Jerusalem. He was accompanied by Pekah son of Remaliah the king of Israel, but he could not overpower the city. |
| 2 | Isaiah 54:15 | If anyone attacks you, it is not from Me; whoever assails you will fall before you. |
| 3 | Jeremiah 46:9–11 | Advance, O horses! Race furiously, O chariots! Let the warriors come forth— Cush and Put carrying their shields, men of Lydia drawing the bow. |
| 4 | Ezekiel 38:9–23 | You and all your troops, and many peoples with you will go up, advancing like a thunderstorm; you will be like a cloud covering the land. |
| 5 | Joel 3:9–14 | Proclaim this among the nations: “Prepare for war; rouse the mighty men; let all the men of war advance and attack! |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 15 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חָתַת, va.Cho.tugenerated
The verb חָתַת (cha.tat) is a Qal imperative that conveys the sense of being shattered or broken, either in a physical or emotional sense. It implies a state of dismay or terror, indicating the severity of the situation the nations are facing.
This word is often used in contexts where fear or destruction is imminent, highlighting the urgency of the prophet's message. The parsing as an imperative indicates that this is a command directed at the peoples, emphasizing their need to respond to the warning.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of multiple clauses, with several imperative verbs commanding the nations. The main action revolves around the verbs רֹ֤עוּ (Ro.'u) and חֹ֔תּוּ (va.Cho.tu), both of which call for the peoples to gather and prepare for battle.
The structure reflects a rhythmic urgency, with repeated calls to action, reinforcing the seriousness of the prophet's message. The commands are directed at both the collective nations and the distant lands, indicating a wide-reaching warning.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates רֹ֤עוּ as γνῶτε (gnōte), which means 'know' or 'understand'. This choice shifts the focus from merely gathering to an understanding of the situation at hand, suggesting that the nations must comprehend the gravity of their impending fate.
The use of ἡττᾶσθε (hēttāsthe) for חָתַת indicates a similar emphasis on defeat or being conquered, aligning with the overall message of destruction and dismay.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 8:9 warns the nations to gather and prepare for battle, as they will face destruction. The verse emphasizes the need for attention and readiness, repeating the call to be shattered, highlighting the seriousness of the situation.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies a call for unity among the nations in the face of impending judgment, urging them to recognize the seriousness of their situation.
The repetition emphasizes the severity of the destruction that awaits the nations if they do not heed the warning.
It indicates that the warning is not just for nearby nations but extends to all peoples, highlighting the universal scope of God's judgment.
It reflects Isaiah's theme of calling nations to account for their actions and the consequences of opposing God's will, a recurring message throughout the book.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I recognize areas in my life where I need to heed warnings or calls to action?
- In what ways can I prepare myself spiritually to face challenges or consequences?
- What does it mean for me to be part of a 'people' or community that responds to God's call?
- How can I help others understand the importance of being attentive to God's messages?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators like Origen and Jerome refer to this verse to highlight the prophetic call to the nations, emphasizing the consequences of their actions.
And what the same prophet said has been fulfilled. “God is with us. Know this, O nations, and be conquered.” For we who are from the nations have been conquered and overcome.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 8 →
Gather together, O people, and be conquered, and listen, all far away lands: be strengthened and be conquered. Gird yourselves, and be conquered: take counsel, and it shall be dissipated: speak a word, and it shall not be,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 8 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 8:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAssociate yourselves, O ye people,.... Both of Syria and Israel, whose two kings were confederate against Judah: and ye shall be broken in pieces; as the kingdom of Syria was by Tilgathpilneser
Read John Gill on Isaiah 8 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAssociate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 8 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleO ye people; Syrians and Israelites. Immanuel’ s name inspireth the prophet with new courage, and makes him send a challenge to all God’ s enemies, and foretell their certain downfall. Ye of far countries; whosoever you be, whether far or near, who do or shall conspire against Immanuel’ s land. Gird yourselves with sword and belt; prepare yourselves for war. Ye shall be broken in pieces: this is repeated for the greater assurance of the thing, and the comfort of God’ s people, who are apt to despond upon such occasions.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 8 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 8:9 Associate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces.Ver. 9. Associate yourselves, O ye people.] In confidence of her king Immanuel’ s succour (help) and support, the Church thus holily insulteth over her most active enemies, foretelling their utter subversion. "The virgin daughter of Zion" doth the like, as binding upon her invincible champion Immanuel, whose very name here putteth spirits into her, and maketh her take ‘ heart of grace,’ as they say. Basil biddeth the Christians in time of persecution boldly bespeak their…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 8 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(9) Associate yourselves, O ye people . . .—Better, O ye peoples. The words are not limited to the confederacy of Syria and Ephraim, but are, as it were, a challenge to all the peoples of the earth, far and near. No plan against the Divine kingdom, of which the earthly kingdom of the house of David was, for the time, the representative, shall prosper. The prophet falls back once more on the abiding promise of the name Immanuel (“with us is God”).
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 8 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 9. Associate yourselves - "Know ye this"] God by his prophet plainly declares to the confederate adversaries of Judah, and bids them regard and attend to his declaration, that all their efforts shall be in vain. The present reading, rou, is subject to many difficulties; I follow that of the Septuagint, דעו deu, γνωτε Archbishop Secker approves this reading. דעו deu, know ye this, is parallel and synonymous to האזינו haazinu, give ear to it, in the next line. The Septuagint have likewise very well paraphrased the conclusion of this verse: "When ye have strengthened yourselves, ye shall be broken; and though ye again strengthen yourselves, again shall ye be broken;" taking חתו chottu as…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 8 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges9, 10. The challenge of faith to the combined nations of the world. Cf. Psalms 2:1-6.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 8 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAssociate yourselves - In the previous verses the prophet had seen the Assyrian coming up on the land like an overwhelming flood. He looked upon the danger, and his mind was turned to the pledge of safety which God had given.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 8 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Huddle together, O peoples, and be shattered; pay attention, all you distant lands; prepare for battle, and be shattered; prepare for battle, and be shattered!
Make an uproar, you peoples, and be broken in pieces! Listen, all you from far countries: dress for battle, and be shattered! Dress for battle, and be shattered!
Huddle together, O peoples, and be shattered; pay attention, all you distant lands; prepare for battle, and be shattered; prepare for battle, and be shattered!
You will be broken, O nations; you will be shattered! Pay attention, all you distant lands of the earth! Get ready for battle, and you will be shattered! Get ready for battle, and you will be shattered!
Tyndale line
¶ Associate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces.
Make an uproar, O ye peoples, and be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and be broken in pieces.
Make an uproar; O ye peoples, and ye shall be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces: gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces.
Associate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces.
Gather together on heapes, O ye people, and ye shalbe broken in pieces, and hearken all ye of farre countreys: gird your selues, and you shalbe broken in pieces: gird your selues, and you shalbe broken in pieces.
Strictly literal
Rage, ye peoples, and be broken in pieces! And give ear, all ye distant parts of the earth: Gird yourselves, and be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and be broken in pieces!
Be friends, O nations, and be broken, And give ear, all ye far off ones of earth, Gird yourselves, and be broken, Gird yourselves, and be broken.
Be friends, O nations, and be broken, || And give ear, all you far-off ones of earth, || Gird yourselves, and be broken, || Gird yourselves, and be broken.
Associate yourselves, O ye people, yet shall ye be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of the far portions of the earth: gird yourselves, yet shall ye be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, yet shall ye be broken in pieces.
You peoples will be broken to pieces. Listen, all you distant countries: arm yourselves for war and be broken in pieces; arm yourselves and be broken in pieces.
From the Latin
Gather yourselves together, O ye people, and be overcome, and give ear, all ye lands afar off: strengthen yourselves, and be overcome, gird yourselves, and be overcome.
Simplified
Pay attention, you nations, and be smashed! Listen, all you distant lands, get ready, but you will be smashed. Get ready, but you will be smashed.
Have knowledge, O peoples, and be in fear; give ear, all you far-off parts of the earth:
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Isaiah 8:9 reads: "רֹ֤עוּ עַמִּים֙ וָחֹ֔תּוּ וְהַֽאֲזִ֔ינוּ כֹּ֖ל מֶרְחַקֵּי־ אָ֑רֶץ הִתְאַזְּר֣וּ וָחֹ֔תּוּ הִֽתְאַזְּר֖וּ וָחֹֽתּוּ׃" The Septuagint closely matches the Masoretic Text, with 10 out of 11 words in agreement, though it presents them in a different order. The Dead Sea Scrolls, specifically 1Qisaa and 4Q60, also preserve 9 words of the verse, with some restoration needed in 4Q60. 4Q59 contains 8 words, with several parts restored or supplied by an editor. Overall, the primary witnesses largely agree with the Masoretic Text, with minor variations in wording and order, and some fragments requiring editorial restoration.
רֹ֤עוּ עַמִּים֙ וָחֹ֔תּוּ וְהַֽאֲזִ֔ינוּ כֹּ֖ל מֶרְחַקֵּי־ אָ֑רֶץ הִתְאַזְּר֣וּ וָחֹ֔תּוּ הִֽתְאַזְּר֖וּ וָחֹֽתּוּ׃
10 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
רעו עמים וחתו והאזינו כול מרחקי הארץ התאזרו וחותו
9 words of the verse are on this fragment. The rest of the verse is not on it.
רעו עמים [וחתו] [והאזינו] [כל] [מרחקי] [ארץ] [התאזרו] [וחתו]
9 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.
רעו עמים [וחתו] [והאזינו] [כל] מרחקי ארץ התאזרו
8 words of the verse are on this fragment — 3 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 8:9
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
רָעַע (ra`a`) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to being evil or breaking. It encompasses a range of concepts from moral wickedness to physical shattering. The entries indicate that it can refer to causing harm or injury, as well as being displeasing or sad. There is a notable distinction in the lexicons regarding its use in ethical contexts versus physical breaking.
[רָעַע] 98 vb. denom. be evil, bad
Qal
be displeasing
be sad
be injurious, evil
be evil, wicked, ethically
Niph. suffer hurt
Hiph. 70
do an injury, hurt
do evil, wickedly
base
[רָעַע] vb. break
Qal
trans. can one break iron, iron out of the north ?
intrans. break = be broken
Hithpō‛. the earth is broken asunder
base
H7489a רָעַע vb. denom. be evil, bad H7489b רָעַע break
7489 ra`a` raw-ah'
a primitive root; properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking
to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing,
i.e. bad (physically, socially or morally):--afflict,
associate selves (by mistake for 7462), break (down, in
pieces), + displease, (be, bring, do) evil (doer, entreat,
man), show self friendly (by mistake for 7462), do harm, (do)
hurt, (behave self, deal) ill, X indeed, do mischief, punish,
still, vex, (do) wicked (doer, -ly), be (deal, do) worse.
see HEBREW for 07462
see HEBREW for 07462
רָעַע (ra.a) — be evil.
1) to be bad, be evil
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to be displeasing
1a2) to be sad
1a3) to be injurious, be evil
1a4) to be wicked, be evil (ethically)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to do an injury or hurt
1b2) to do evil or wickedly
1b3) mischief (participle)
רָעַע (ra.a) — to shatter.
1) to break, shatter
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to break
1a2) broken (participle)
1a3) to be broken
1b) (Hithpolel) to be broken, be broken in pieces, be broken asunder
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine pluralHVqv2mp
עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.
עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people
a people, nation
= smaller units
= common people
people in gen., persons
phrases
base
[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)
base
H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)
5971 `am am
from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a
tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or
attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,
people.
see HEBREW for 06004
עַם (am) — people.
: people/nation
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — kinsman.
kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Ammi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — People's (Gate).
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.
Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Amaw.
This name means nation, people
עַם (am) — people: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — people: creatures.
: creatures
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
The Hebrew word חָתַת (chathath) is a primitive root meaning to prostrate, break down, or cause dismay. It encompasses a range of meanings including being shattered, dismayed, or terrified, and can be used in various forms such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of breaking or causing fear. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[חָתַת] vb. be shattered, dismayed
Qal
be shattered, broken
be dismayed
Niph. and at my name he is put in awe
Pi. dismay, scare
Hiph.
shatter
cause to be dismayed
dismay, terrify
base
H2865 חָתַת be shattered, dismayed
2865 chathath khaw-thath'
a primitive root; properly, to prostrate; hence, to break
down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by
confusion and fear:--abolish, affright, be (make) afraid,
amaze, beat down, discourage, (cause to) dismay, go down,
scare, terrify.
חָתַת (cha.tat) — to to be dismayed.
1) to be shattered, be dismayed, be broken, be abolished, be afraid
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be shattered, be broken
1a2) to be dismayed
1b) (Niphal) to be broken, be dismayed
1c) (Piel) to be shattered, be dismayed, be scared
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to be dismayed
1d2) to dismay, terrify
1d3) to shatter
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine pluralHC/Vqv2mp
אָזַן (azan) is a verb meaning to listen or hear, derived as a denominative from a root suggesting the broadening of the ear. It encompasses the act of giving ear, being obedient, and specifically refers to God listening to prayers. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
[אָזַן] 42 vb. denom. Hiph. give ear, listen, hear
hear, perceive by the ear
of God, listening (with favour) to prayer
base
H238 אָזַן vb. denom. Hiph. give ear, listen, hear
238 'azan aw-zan'
a primitive root; probably to expand; but used only as a
denominative from 241; to broaden out the ear (with the hand),
i.e. (by implication) to listen:--give (perceive by the) ear,
hear(-ken). See 239.
see HEBREW for 0241
see HEBREW for 0239
אָזַן (a.zan) — to listen.
1) to hear, listen
1a) (Hiphil)
1a1) to hear, listen, give ear
1a2) to be obedient, harken
1a3) to hear or listen to prayers (of God)
Conj | V-Hiphil-Impv-2mp — Conjunction · verb hiphil imperative second person masculine pluralHC/Vhv2mp
er ('ozen; ous, otion, the latter word (literally, "earlet") in all the Gospels only used of the ear of the high priest's servant, which was cut off by Peter: Mt 26:51; Mr 14:47; Lu 22:51 (not 22:50); Joh 18:10,26):
(1) The physical organ of hearing which was considered of peculiar importance as the chief instrument by which man receives information and commandments. For this reason the ear of the priest had to be specially sanctified, the tip of the right ear being touched with sacrificial blood at the consecration (Le 8:23). Similarly the ear of the cleansed leper had to be rededicated to the service of God by blood…
Ear
Used frequently in a figurative sense (Ps. 34:15). To “uncover the ear” is to show respect to a person (1 Sam. 20:2 marg.). To have the “ear heavy”, or to have “uncircumcised ears” (Isa. 6:10), is to be inattentive and disobedient. To have the ear “bored” through with an awl was a sign of perpetual servitude (Ex. 21:6).
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
מֶרְחָק (merchaq) refers to a distant place or distance, often implying remoteness. It can be used adverbially to describe something that is far off. The word is derived from a root meaning to be distant, and it appears in contexts relating to physical distance.
מֶרְחָק n.m. distant place, distance
base
H4801 מֶרְחָק distant place, distance
4801 merchaq mer-khawk'
: from 7368; remoteness, i.e. (concretely) a distant place;
often (adverbially) from afar:--(a-, dwell in, very) far
(country, off). See also 1023.
see HEBREW for 07368
see HEBREW for 01023
מֶרְחָק (mer.chaq) — distance.
distant place, distance, far country
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
urth ('adhamah, 'erets, 'aphar; ge, oikoumene):
In a hilly limestone country like Palestine, the small amount of iron oxide in the rocks tends to be oxidized, and thereby to give a prevailing reddish color to the soil. This is especially the case on relatively barren hills where there is little organic matter present to prevent reddening and give a more blackish tinge.
'Adhamah (compare 'adham, "a man," and Adam) is from 'adham, "to be red," and is used in the senses: "earth" (Ex 20:24), "land" (Ps 105:35), a "land" or country (Isa 14:2), "ground" (Ge 4:11), "the earth" (Ge 7:4).
Earth
(1.) In the sense of soil or ground, the translation of the word adamah’. In Gen. 9:20 “husbandman” is literally “man of the ground or earth.” Altars were to be built of earth (Ex. 20:24). Naaman asked for two mules’ burden of earth (2 Kings 5:17), under the superstitious notion that Jehovah, like the gods of the heathen, could be acceptably worshipped only on his own soil.
(2). As the rendering of ’erets, it means the whole world (Gen. 1:2); the land as opposed to the sea (1:10). Erets also denotes a country (21:32); a plot of ground (23:15); the ground on which a man stands (33:3); the inhabitants of the earth (6:1; 11:1); all the world except Israel (
The term is used in two widely-different senses: (1) for the material of which the earth’s surface is composed; (2) as the name of the planet on which man dwells. The Hebrew language discriminates between these two by the use of separate terms, adamah for the former, erets for the latter. Adamah is the earth in the sense of soil or ground, particularly as being susceptible of cultivation. (Genesis 2:7) Erets is applied in a more or less extended sense-- (1) to the whole world, (Genesis 1:1) (2) to land as opposed to sea, (Genesis 1:10) (3) to a country, (Genesis 21:32) (4) to a plot of ground, (Genesis 23:15) and (5) to…
In both Hebrew and Greek the same word is used to denote the earth as a whole, and a particular land. Only the context can enable us to decide in which of these senses it is to be taken in a given passage.
Thus in Mt 27:45 we might, so far as the original word is concerned, render either "there was darkness over all the land," or over all the earth. The expression "all the earth" is sometimes used hyperbolically for a large portion of it, Ezr 1:2. The word is used of the whole world, etc. In a moral sense, earthly is opposed to what is heavenly, spiritual and holy, Joh 3:31 1Co 15:47 Col 3:2
אָזַר (azar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to gird, encompass, or equip. It has various forms, including Qal (to gird), Niphal (to be girded), and Piel (to hold close). The word conveys a sense of preparation and strength, often used in contexts related to readiness for action or war.
[אָזַר] vb. gird, encompass, equip
Qal gird, gird on
Niph. girded with might
Pi. gird
Hithp. gird oneself
base
H247 [אָזַר] gird, encompass, equip
247 'azar aw-zar'
a primitive root; to belt:--bind (compass) about, gird (up,
with).
אָזַר (a.zar) — to gird.
1) gird, encompass, equip, clothe
1a) (Qal) to gird, gird on (metaphorical of strength)
1b) (Niphal) be girded
1c)(Piel) hold close, clasp
1d) (Hiphpael) gird oneself (for war)
V-Hithpael-Impv-2mp — Verb · Hithpael · imperative second person masculine pluralHVtv2mp
The Hebrew word חָתַת (chathath) is a primitive root meaning to prostrate, break down, or cause dismay. It encompasses a range of meanings including being shattered, dismayed, or terrified, and can be used in various forms such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of breaking or causing fear. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[חָתַת] vb. be shattered, dismayed
Qal
be shattered, broken
be dismayed
Niph. and at my name he is put in awe
Pi. dismay, scare
Hiph.
shatter
cause to be dismayed
dismay, terrify
base
H2865 חָתַת be shattered, dismayed
2865 chathath khaw-thath'
a primitive root; properly, to prostrate; hence, to break
down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by
confusion and fear:--abolish, affright, be (make) afraid,
amaze, beat down, discourage, (cause to) dismay, go down,
scare, terrify.
חָתַת (cha.tat) — to to be dismayed.
1) to be shattered, be dismayed, be broken, be abolished, be afraid
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be shattered, be broken
1a2) to be dismayed
1b) (Niphal) to be broken, be dismayed
1c) (Piel) to be shattered, be dismayed, be scared
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to be dismayed
1d2) to dismay, terrify
1d3) to shatter
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine pluralHC/Vqv2mp
אָזַר (azar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to gird, encompass, or equip. It has various forms, including Qal (to gird), Niphal (to be girded), and Piel (to hold close). The word conveys a sense of preparation and strength, often used in contexts related to readiness for action or war.
[אָזַר] vb. gird, encompass, equip
Qal gird, gird on
Niph. girded with might
Pi. gird
Hithp. gird oneself
base
H247 [אָזַר] gird, encompass, equip
247 'azar aw-zar'
a primitive root; to belt:--bind (compass) about, gird (up,
with).
אָזַר (a.zar) — to gird.
1) gird, encompass, equip, clothe
1a) (Qal) to gird, gird on (metaphorical of strength)
1b) (Niphal) be girded
1c)(Piel) hold close, clasp
1d) (Hiphpael) gird oneself (for war)
V-Hithpael-Impv-2mp — Verb · Hithpael · imperative second person masculine pluralHVtv2mp
The Hebrew word חָתַת (chathath) is a primitive root meaning to prostrate, break down, or cause dismay. It encompasses a range of meanings including being shattered, dismayed, or terrified, and can be used in various forms such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of breaking or causing fear. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[חָתַת] vb. be shattered, dismayed
Qal
be shattered, broken
be dismayed
Niph. and at my name he is put in awe
Pi. dismay, scare
Hiph.
shatter
cause to be dismayed
dismay, terrify
base
H2865 חָתַת be shattered, dismayed
2865 chathath khaw-thath'
a primitive root; properly, to prostrate; hence, to break
down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by
confusion and fear:--abolish, affright, be (make) afraid,
amaze, beat down, discourage, (cause to) dismay, go down,
scare, terrify.
חָתַת (cha.tat) — to to be dismayed.
1) to be shattered, be dismayed, be broken, be abolished, be afraid
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be shattered, be broken
1a2) to be dismayed
1b) (Niphal) to be broken, be dismayed
1c) (Piel) to be shattered, be dismayed, be scared
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to be dismayed
1d2) to dismay, terrify
1d3) to shatter
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine pluralHC/Vqv2mp
