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Psalms 109:11 — Word Study

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WLCיְנַקֵּ֣שׁ נ֭וֹשֶׁה לְכָל־ אֲשֶׁר־ ל֑וֹ וְיָבֹ֖זּוּ זָרִ֣ים יְגִיעֽוֹ׃

BSAMay the creditornâshâh [extortioner, one who lends at excessive interest] seizenâqash allkôl [everything, every possession] and strangerszûwr [foreigners, those outside his community] plunderbâzaz [violently take, seize by force] the fruits of his laboryᵉgîyaʻ [results, products, toil, hard work, effort]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 109
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 11 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ye.gi.'O) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 109:11quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist calls for the creditor to seize everything the man owns and for strangers to violently take the results of his hard work.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, expressing a curse against an enemy.
Where we areA section of curses against the enemy, highlighting the consequences of wrongdoing.
The hard wordיְנַקֵּ֣שׁ
Take awayThe call for judgment is severe, emphasizing loss and suffering.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectנשׁא verbנָקַשׁ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 109:11

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Curses Against the Enemygenerated

10May his children wander as beggars, seeking sustenance far from their ruined homes.
11May the creditor seize all he owns, and strangers plunder the fruits of his labor.
12May there be no one to extend kindness to him, and no one to favor his fatherless children.
13May his descendants be cut off; may their name be blotted out from the next generation.

Psalms 109:11 is part of a series of curses directed at an enemy, illustrating the psalmist's desire for justice and retribution. This verse specifically addresses the consequences of the enemy's actions, calling for their possessions to be taken and their labor to be exploited by outsiders. The context reveals a deep sense of betrayal and a plea for divine justice against those who have wronged the psalmist.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 5:5The hungry consume his harvest, taking it even from the thorns, and the thirsty pant after his wealth.
2Job 18:9–19A trap seizes his heel; a snare grips him.
3Job 20:18He must return the fruit of his labor without consuming it; he cannot enjoy the profits of his trading.
4Deuteronomy 28:29–33and at noon you will grope about like a blind man in the darkness. You will not prosper in your ways. Day after day you will be oppressed and plundered, with no one to save you.
5Judges 6:3–6Whenever the Israelites would plant their crops, the Midianites, Amalekites, and other people of the east would come up and invade them,

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יְנַקֵּ֣שׁ, ye.na.Keshgenerated

The verb נָקַשׁ (naqash) means to snare or entrap, often used in contexts of laying traps. In this verse, it conveys the idea of a creditor striking at the heart of the man's possessions, seeking to take everything he owns. The Piel form indicates an active and intentional action, emphasizing the aggressiveness of the creditor's role.

This verb also carries a broader connotation of striking or knocking down, suggesting a forceful action against the individual. The use of the term in this context highlights the severity of the curse invoked by the psalmist.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In the Berean Standard Bible, the verse uses seize for יְנַקֵּ֣שׁ and plunder for יָבֹ֖זּוּ, while the KJV and ASV also employ similar terms, maintaining the sense of violent action.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb governing the verse is יְנַקֵּ֣שׁ, may he strike, which is followed by a noun phrase indicating the subject, נ֭וֹשֶׁה, the creditor. The structure is straightforward, with the verb leading and the subject clearly defined, establishing a direct call for action.

The second part of the verse introduces a new verb יָבֹ֖זּוּ, may they plunder, with זָרִ֣ים, strangers, as the subject. This parallel structure reinforces the severity of the curses being invoked.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יְנַקֵּ֣שׁ as ἐχερευνησάτω, which suggests an active search or inquiry, potentially broadening the meaning from a simple seizure to a more deliberate action of seeking out the creditor's possessions.

For יָבֹ֖זּוּ, the translation διαρπασάτωσαν emphasizes the violent nature of the plundering, aligning with the Hebrew intent but adding a layer of aggression in the Greek rendering.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalms 109:11 expresses a curse where the psalmist calls for a creditor to seize everything the man owns and for strangers to take away the results of his hard work. This reflects the psalmist's desire for justice against an enemy who has wronged him.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean for the creditor to seize all he owns?

It means that the creditor is called to take everything from the person, indicating a total loss of possessions.

Why are strangers mentioned in this curse?

Strangers represent those outside the community who would take advantage of the man's misfortune, highlighting the depth of his loss.

What is the significance of the fruits of his labor?

The fruits of his labor refer to the results of his hard work, emphasizing the injustice of having his efforts taken away.

How does this verse reflect the themes of justice in the Psalms?

This verse illustrates the psalmist's call for divine justice against those who exploit and harm others, a recurring theme in the Psalms.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How do I respond when I see injustice in my community, similar to the psalmist's cry for justice?
  2. What does this verse teach about the consequences of wrongdoing and exploitation?
  3. In what ways can I ensure that I am not taking advantage of others in my dealings?
  4. How can I support those who are suffering from injustice, as described in this psalm?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Augustine of Hippo comments on this verse, discussing the implications of the curse regarding the enemy's descendants and the lack of compassion for their children.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 109 354–430
"Let there be no man to help him" [Psalms 109:11]: that is, to guard his posterity; wherefore follows, "nor to have compassion on his fatherless children"
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 109 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 109:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Let the extortioner catch all that he hath,.... Or, "lay a snare for all" (c); as the Romans did, by bringing in their army, invading the land of Judea, and besieging the city of Jerusalem; who are

Read John Gill on Psalms 109 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Let the extortioner catch all that he hath; and let the strangers spoil his labour. -God's visitation on the wicked man's property (Psalms 109:11-12); on his name and memorial (Psalms 109:13-15).

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 109 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Extortioner; or, usurer, or creditor. Catch, Heb. insnare, which is an emphatical expression, i.e. take away not only by oppression and violence, but also by cheats and cunning artifices, whereby such persons entangle, and so ruin their debtors. The strangers; who have no right to his goods, and will use no pity nor measure in spoiling him. His labour; all the fruits of his labours.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 109 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 109:11 Let the extortioner catch all that he hath; and let the strangers spoil his labour.Ver. 11. Let the extortioner catch all that he hath] As it were in nets and snares, that is, in bonds, debts, mortgages; so Chrysostom expoundeth Psalms 10:9. Et ipsum et omnes eius facultates inexplicabilibus suis laqueis immites foeneratores irretiant, Let the merciless usurer make a prey of him and his estate. And let the stranger, &c.] Who hath no right to it, and will show as little mercy. The Chaldee here hath it, Colligat fiscus omnia quae ipsius sunt. And Quae non capit Christus, rapit fiscus, saith Bernard.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 109 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(11) Let the extortioner.—Better, let the usurer lay traps to catch all that he hath. So Timon: “Let prisons swallow them, Debts wither them to nothing.”

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 109 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 11. Let the strangers spoil his labour.] Many of these execrations were literally fulfilled in the case of the miserable Jews, after the death of our Lord. They were not only expelled from their own country, after the destruction of Jerusalem, but they were prohibited from returning; and so taxed by the Roman government, that they were reduced to the lowest degree of poverty. Domitian expelled them from Rome; and they were obliged to take up their habitation without the gate Capena, in a wood contiguous to the city, for which they were obliged to pay a rent, and where the whole of their property was only a basket and a little hay. See JUVENAL, Sat. ver. 11: - Substitit ad veteres…

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 109 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

11. Let a creditor ensnare all that he hath, And let foreigners plunder his labour. Ensnare is a graphic word for the wily schemes by which an unscrupulous creditor or usurious money-lender would contrive to get possession of all a man’s property. For examples of the destitution to which Israelites were sometimes brought by creditors see 2 Kings 4:1 ff.; Nehemiah 5:1-7.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 109 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Let the extortioner catch all that he hath - literally, “Let the extortioner cast a snare over all that he hath;” that is, let him seize all his property.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 109 →

The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

May the creditor seize all he owns, and strangers plunder the fruits of his labor.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Let the creditor seize all that he has. Let strangers plunder the fruit of his labor.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

May the creditor seize all he owns, and strangers plunder the fruits of his labor.

NETBNew English Translation2006

May the creditor seize all he owns! May strangers loot his property!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Let the extortioner catch all that he hath; and let the strangers spoil his labour.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Let the extortioner catch all that he hath; And let strangers make spoil of his labor.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Let the extortioner catch all that he hath; and let strangers make spoil of his labour.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Let the extortioner catch all that he hath; and let strangers spoil his labor.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Let the extortioner catch al that he hath, and let the strangers spoile his labour.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Let the usurer cast the net over all that he hath, and let strangers despoil his labour;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

An exactor layeth a snare for all that he hath, And strangers spoil his labour.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

An exactor lays a snare for all that he has, || And strangers spoil his labor.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Let the creditor lay snares after all that he hath, and let strangers plunder his labor.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

May the creditor take all he owns; may strangers plunder what he earns.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

May creditors seize all that he owns; may strangers take all that he worked for.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Let his creditor take all his goods; and let others have the profit of his work.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbיְנַקֵּ֣שׁmay.he.strikesubjectנ֭וֹשֶׁהa.creditorprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְtonoun phraseכָלallrelpאֲשֶׁרthatclauseprepositional phrase · predicateל֑[belongs].toוֹhimוְandclauseverbיָבֹ֖זּוּmay.they.plundersubjectזָרִ֣יםstrangersnoun phrase · objectיְגִיעֽpropertyוֹhis

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all eight words matched. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of the curse's intent across these textual traditions.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

יְנַקֵּ֣שׁ נ֭וֹשֶׁה לְכָל־ אֲשֶׁר־ ל֑וֹ וְיָבֹ֖זּוּ זָרִ֣ים יְגִיעֽוֹ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יְנַקֵּ֣שׁἐχερευνησάτωנ֭וֹשֶׁהδανειστὴςלְכָל־πάνταאֲשֶׁר־ὅσαל֑וֹαὐτῷוְיָבֹ֖זּוּδιαρπασάτωσανזָרִ֣יםἀλλότριοιיְגִיעֽוֹ׃αὐτοῦ

8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 109:11נָקַשׁmay he strimay he strikeנָקַשׁנָשָׁהa creditora creditorנָשָׁהכֹּלto allto allכֹּלאֲשֶׁרthatthatאֲשֶׁרוֹ[belongs] t[belongs] to hiוֹבָּזַזand may theand may they plבָּזַזזוּרstrangersstrangersזוּריְגִיעַproperty hiproperty hisיְגִיעַכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַליָגֵעַbe weary/tbe weary/toilיָגֵעַנָשָׁהto forgetto forgetנָשָׁהנָשָׁאto exactto exactנָשָׁאאַחַרafterafterאַחַרנֶ֫פֶשׁsoulsoulנֶ֫פֶשׁלָוָהto jointo joinלָוָהעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהצָוָהto commandto commandצָוָהשָׁלַלto taketo takeשָׁלַלבָּקַקbe luxuriabe luxuriantבָּקַקקָרֵבapproachinapproachingקָרֵבעָרַבto pledgeto pledgeעָרַבכַּףpalmpalmכַּףעָזַבForsakenForsakenעָזַב
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 109:11

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

may he strike a creditor to all that [belongs] to him and may they plunder strangers property his
יְנַקֵּ֣שׁye.na.Kesh may he strike H5367 Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine singular
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to snare or entrap someone, often using a noose or trap. In the Bible, it can be used literally or figuratively, such as when God delivers people from snares. It involves laying traps or being caught in one.
Tyndale gloss
to snare
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָקַשׁ (naqash) is a Hebrew verb meaning to knock or strike, specifically in the context of hitting or bringing down, often figuratively. It also carries the sense of ensnaring or laying a trap. The entries indicate various forms of the verb, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hithpael, which describe different nuances of striking and ensnaring.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָקַשׁ] vb. knock, strike, only in specif. sense of hit, strike or bring down (a bird), and only fig.

Qal he striketh down the wicked

Niph. lest thou be thrust (impelled) after them

Pi. let the creditor strike at, take aim at

Hithp. why art thou striking at my life?

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5367 [נָקַשׁ] knock, strike, only in specif. sense of hit, strike or bring down (a bird), and only fig. .he striketh down the wicked

. lest thou be thrust (impelled) after them

. let the creditor strike at, take aim at

. why art thou striking at my life?

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5367 naqash naw-kash'

a primitive root; to entrap (with a noose), literally or

figuratively:--catch (lay a) snare.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָקַשׁ (na.qash) — to snare.

1) to knock, strike, bring down

1a) (Qal) to strike down

1b) (Niphal) to be thrust after, be impelled

1c) (Piel) to strike at, take aim at

1d) (Hithpael) to be struck

2) (CLBL) to ensnare

2a) (Qal) to ensnare

2b) (Niphal) to be ensnared

2c) (Piel) to lay snares

2d) (Hithpael) to lay snares

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVpi3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

strik: The verbs "to strike" and "to stroke" (latter not in English Versions) have the same derivation, and originally "strike" was the intrans, "stroke" the transitive form. "Strike" however, became used in both senses (always transitive in English Versions of the Bible), while "to stroke" took on the meaning "to, rub gently." But in the King James Version this last force still belonged sometimes to "strike" and is so found in 2Ki 5:11, "strike his hand over the place" (the Revised Version (British and American) "wave"), and perhaps Ex 12:7,22; Tobit 11:11 Otherwise AV's uses of the simple "strike" are modern, including "strike sail" (Ac 27:17; here and in /RAPC Tob 11:11 with an archaic preterite "strake," elsewhere…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
may he strike a creditor to all that [belongs] to him and may they plunder strangers property his
נ֭וֹשֶׁהNo.o.sheh a creditor H5383 Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To lend means to give something to someone with the expectation of getting it back, often with interest. This verb is used in the Bible to describe financial transactions and responsibilities. It can also mean to borrow or be a creditor.
Amplified meaning
extortioner, one who lends at excessive interest
Tyndale gloss
to lend
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נָשָׁה (*nashah*) primarily means to lend or become a creditor. It is a primitive root associated with lending and borrowing, often with implications of interest or security. The entries highlight its use in both the Qal and Hiphil forms, indicating lending actions and the role of a creditor.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָשָׁה vb. lend, become a creditor

Qal lend

Hiph. who lendeth to his neighbor

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5383 נָשָׁה lend, become a creditor

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5383 nashah naw-shaw'

a primitive root (rather identical with 5382, in the sense of

5378); to lend or (by reciprocity) borrow on security or

interest:--creditor, exact, extortioner, lend, usurer, lend

on (taker on) usury.

see HEBREW for 05382

see HEBREW for 05378

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָשָׁה (na.shah) — to lend.

1) to lend, be a creditor

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to lend

1a2) creditor (participle) (subst)

1b) (Hiphil) to lend

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
HVqrmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kred'-i-ter:

(a) nosheh, participle of nashah: Ex 22:24 (English translation: 25); 2Ki 4:1; Isa 50:1; translated "extortioner," Ps 109:11; "taker of usury," Isa 24:2 the King James Version;

(b) malweh, participle of lawah, Isa 24:2 the Revised Version (British and American), the King James Version "lender";

(c) ba`al mashsheh yadho: "lord of the loan of his hand," De 15:2;

(d) danistes: Lu 7:41, "creditor" the King James Version, "lender" the Revised Version…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[LOAN]

Nave's Topical Bible

→ LAWS CONCERNING Ex 21:2-6; 22:25-27; Le 25:14-17,35-37; De 15:2,3; 23:19,20; 24:6,10-13,17; Mt 5:42; Lu 6:34

→ OPPRESSIONS OF 2Ki 4:1; Ne 5:1-13; Job 20:18-20; 22:6; 24:3,9; Pr 22:26,27; Mt 5:25,26; 18:28-35; Lu 12:58,59

may he strike a creditor to all that [belongs] to him and may they plunder strangers property his
לְכָל־le.khol to all H3605 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
everything, every possession
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
may he strike a creditor to all that [belongs] to him and may they plunder strangers property his
אֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher- that H834 Particle
5,500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Tyndale gloss
which
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

base

בַאֲשֶׁר

in (that) which

adv. in (the place) where

conj. in that, inasmuch as

on account of whom?

base

מֵאֲשֶׁר

from (or than) that which

adv. from (the place) where

conj. from (the fact) that …, since

base

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

according to that which, according as, as

with a causal force, in so far as, since

with a temporal force, when

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which

. adv. in (the place) where

. conj. in that, inasmuch as

. on account of whom?

H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which

. adv. from (the place) where

. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as

. with a causal force, in so far as, since

. with a temporal force, when

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

834 'aher ash-er'

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)

when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X

alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +

from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,

wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where

(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +

whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is

indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun

expletively, used to show the connection.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.

A: 1) (relative part.)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conj)

2a) that (in obj clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

D: Kaph+

1) (conj.), according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since

1c) with a temporal force: when

בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.

1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.

1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.

conj

1) according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTr — Particle
HTr
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
may he strike a creditor to all that [belongs] to him and may they plunder strangers property his
ל֑וֹlo [belongs] to him H9033 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

וֹ (o) — him.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3ms
may he strike a creditor to all that [belongs] to him and may they plunder strangers property his
וְיָבֹ֖זּוּve.ya.Vo.zu and may they plunder H962 Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
43× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to violently take something, like plundering or seizing, often used to describe war and conquest in books like Joshua and Ezekiel. It can also mean to be robbed or taken advantage of.
Amplified meaning
violently take, seize by force
Tyndale gloss
to plunder
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּזַז (bazaz) is a primitive root meaning to plunder or spoil. It covers actions like robbing, seizing, and being taken as spoil, with forms in Qal (to spoil), Niphal (to be plundered), and Pual (to be taken as spoil). The entries consistently emphasize its focus on acts of taking or seizing by force.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּזַז vb. spoil, plunder

Qal spoil

Niph. be spoiled, plundered

Pu. be taken as spoil

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H962 בָּזַז spoil, plunder

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

962 bazaz baw-zaz'

a primitive root; to plunder:--catch, gather, (take) for a

prey, rob(-ber), spoil, take (away, spoil), X utterly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּזַז (ba.zaz) — to plunder.

1) to spoil, plunder, prey upon, seize

1a) (Qal) to spoil, plunder, despoil

1b) (Niphal) to be spoiled, plundered

1c) (Pual) to be taken as spoil

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
HC/Vqu3mp
may he strike a creditor to all that [belongs] to him and may they plunder strangers property his
זָרִ֣יםza.Rim strangers H2114 Adj
77× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word has several meanings, including being a stranger or foreigner, like when Abraham lived in Egypt as a foreigner. It can also mean to commit adultery, highlighting the idea of turning aside from what is right and proper, as warned against in Proverbs 5.
Amplified meaning
foreigners, those outside his community
Tyndale gloss
be a stranger
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זוּר (zuwr) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be a stranger or to become estranged. It can describe a person as strange or foreign, and it also has connotations of loathsomeness. The word can refer to committing adultery or being alienated, with its usage found in contexts involving estrangement or foreignness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[זוּר] vb. be a stranger

Qal

Pf. become estranged

Pt. as adj. strange, or as noun stranger

Niph. Pf. be estranged

Hoph. Pt. estranged

base

[זוּר, זִיר] vb. be loathsome, only 3 fs. Jb 19:17

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2114a זוּר be a stranger .. Pf. become estranged

. Pt. as adj. strange, or as noun stranger

. Pf. be estranged

. Pt. estranged

H2114b זוּר, זִיר be loathsome

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2114 zuwr zoor

a primitive root; to turn aside (especially for lodging);

hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically

(active participle) to commit adultery:--(come from) another

(man, place), fanner, go away, (e-)strange(-r, thing, woman).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זוּר (zur) — be a stranger.

1) to be strange, be a stranger

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to become estranged

1a2) strange, another, stranger, foreigner, an enemy (participle)

1a3) strange woman, prostitute, harlot (meton)

1b) (Niphal) to be estranged

1c) (Hophal) to be a stranger, be one alienated

זוּר (zur) — be loathsome.

loathsome (of breath) (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAampa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ (Aliens, foreigners)

→ Mosaic law relating to

Authorized bondservice of Le 25:44,45

Usury of De 15:3; 23:20

Sale to, of the meat of animals that had died De 14:21

Forbid their being made kings over Israel De 17:15

Their eating the Passover meal Ex 12:43,48

Their eating things offered in sacrifice Ex 29:33; Le 22:10,12,25

Their blaspheming Le 24:16

Their approaching the tabernacle Nu 1:51

Thompson Chain Reference topics

(1) Duty to. See SOCIAL LIFE

(2) Jewish Prohibitions concerning

Ex 12:43; Le 17:8; 24:16; Nu 1:51; 16:40; De 5:14; 17:15

Eze 44:9

--SEE Separation, SEPARATION

& SEPARATION

(3) General Laws concerning

Ex 12:19,49; 20:10; Le 16:29; 17:15; Nu 15:30

-- Believers as Pilgrims and Strangers on the Earth

--SEE Pilgrimage, PILGRIMAGE

may he strike a creditor to all that [belongs] to him and may they plunder strangers property his
יְגִיעֽוֹ׃ye.gi.'O property his H3018 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to hard work or labor, and the things we produce as a result of our efforts. It can also mean the property or wealth we acquire through our work. The KJV translates it as 'labour' or 'work'.
Amplified meaning
results, products, toil, hard work, effort
Tyndale gloss
toil
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְגִיעַ (ygiya`) refers to toil or work, and also to the product or property resulting from that labor. It is derived from the root meaning to labor, emphasizing the connection between effort and its outcomes.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[יְגִיעַ] n.m. toil, product

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3018 יְגִיעַ toil, product

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3018 ygiya` yeg-ee'-ah

from 3021; toil; hence, a work, produce, property (as the

result of labor):--labour, work.

see HEBREW for 03021

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְגִיעַ (ye.gi.a) — toil.

1) toil, work

2) product, produce, acquired property (as a result of work)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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