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Psalms 59:4 — Word Study

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WLCבְּֽלִי־ עָ֭וֹן יְרוּצ֣וּן וְיִכּוֹנָ֑נוּ ע֖וּרָה לִקְרָאתִ֣י וּרְאֵה׃

BSAforkîy beholdhinnêh to ambushʼârab soulnephesh to sojourngûwr uponʻal strongʻaz notlôʼ transgressionpeshaʻ notlôʼ sinchaṭṭâʼâh The LordYᵉhôvâh

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 59
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 4 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (u.re.'eh) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 59:4quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist laments being attacked without cause and calls on God for help.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, expressing personal distress and seeking divine intervention.
Where we areIn a lament, where the psalmist addresses God amidst unjust persecution.
The hard wordעָוֹן
Take awayThe psalmist is innocent of wrongdoing yet faces swift attack.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 59:4

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Cry for Help Amidst Injusticegenerated

3See how they lie in wait for me. Fierce men conspire against me for no transgression or sin of my own, O LORD.
4For no fault of my own, they move swiftly to attack me. Arise to help me, and take notice.
5O LORD God of Hosts, the God of Israel, rouse Yourself to punish all the nations; show no mercy to the wicked traitors. Selah
6They return in the evening, snarling like dogs and prowling around the city.

Psalms 59:4 expresses the psalmist's anguish over being unjustly pursued by enemies. The surrounding verses detail their conspiratorial behavior and the psalmist's plea for God's intervention. This cry reflects a common theme in the Psalms, where the faithful seek refuge from unjust circumstances and call upon God for deliverance, as seen in other scriptures like Psalm 7:1.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
11 Samuel 19:12–24So Michal lowered David from the window, and he ran away and escaped.
2Proverbs 1:16For their feet run to evil, and they are swift to shed blood.
3Isaiah 59:7Their feet run to evil; they are swift to shed innocent blood. Their thoughts are sinful thoughts; ruin and destruction lie in their wake.
4Acts 23:15Now then, you and the Sanhedrin petition the commander to bring him down to you on the pretext of examining his case more carefully. We are ready to kill him on the way.”
5Romans 3:15“Their feet are swift to shed blood;

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word עָוֹן, 'A.vongenerated

The word עָוֹן ('avon) refers to iniquity or moral evil, indicating a serious wrongdoing or sin. It encompasses not just the act but also the guilt and consequences associated with it. The parsing indicates that it is a common noun in the masculine singular form, emphasizing its significance in the context of personal and communal sin.

This term is crucial for understanding the psalmist's claim of innocence. By stating there is no עָוֹן, he underscores that his suffering is unjust, which heightens the urgency of his plea for divine assistance.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses fault, a term that aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning of עָוֹן as it conveys a sense of moral failure or wrongdoing.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb יְרוּצ֣וּן (they run) governs the main action of the verse, indicating the swift movement of the psalmist's enemies. The structure includes an adverbial phrase indicating the absence of fault, followed by the verb phrase describing the enemies' action and concluding with a plea for divine intervention.

The word order highlights the psalmist's innocence first, setting up the contrast with the aggressive actions of his enemies, which are emphasized by the following imperative verbs.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates עָוֹן as ἰδοὺ (idou), which means 'behold' or 'look'. This choice shifts the focus slightly from the concept of iniquity to a call for attention, suggesting an interpretation that invites the audience to witness the psalmist's plight.

This rendering indicates a broader understanding of the psalmist's situation, emphasizing the need for recognition of his innocence and the injustice he faces.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalms 59:4 describes the psalmist's distress as he faces attack without any wrongdoing on his part. He calls on God to wake up and help him, highlighting his innocence in the face of aggression from his enemies.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that there is no iniquity in the psalmist?

The psalmist asserts his innocence, indicating that he has not committed any wrongdoing that would justify the attacks against him, as referenced in Psalm 59:3.

Why does the psalmist call on God to arise?

The call for God to 'arise' signifies a plea for divine intervention and action against the unjust attackers, reflecting a common theme in the Psalms where the faithful seek God's help in times of trouble.

How does this verse relate to the theme of justice in the Psalms?

This verse exemplifies the theme of seeking justice from God, as the psalmist looks to Him for protection and vindication against unjust accusations and attacks.

What can we learn from the psalmist's response to his enemies?

The psalmist's response teaches the importance of turning to God in times of distress and maintaining faith in His justice, even when faced with unjust circumstances.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How do I respond when I feel unjustly attacked or misunderstood?
  2. What does it mean for me to call on God for help in my own struggles?
  3. In what ways can I seek justice in my life while trusting in God's timing?
  4. How can I support others who are facing unjust treatment or accusations?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early church fathers, such as Augustine of Hippo, referenced this verse to discuss themes of innocence and divine justice in their writings.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 59 354–430
What next? "Neither iniquity is mine, nor sin mine, O Lord" [Psalms 59:4].
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 59 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 59:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

They run and prepare themselves without [my] fault,.... Or, "without sin [in me]"; or "without punishment [in them]"; so the same word is rendered, 1 Samuel 28:10.

Read John Gill on Psalms 59 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

They run and prepare themselves without my fault: awake to help me, and behold. They run and prepare themselves without my fault - "They run" as armed warriors rushing to the assault (Psalms 18:29).

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 59 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

They run to and fro, first to receive Saul’ s commands and then to execute them with all speed and diligence. Prepare themselves; or, dispose themselves, here and there round about my house, that they may catch me when I go out of it. To help me, Heb. to meet me, as I come abroad and to conduct me away with safety.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 59 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 59:4 They run and prepare themselves without [my] fault: awake to help me, and behold.Ver. 4. They run and prepare themselves] At Saul’ s command, never inquiring into the cause, right or wrong; but taking his will for warrant good enough. Awake to help me] Heb. to meet me, sc. in mercy, Ut occurras et succurras mihi, or, at my calling, as some render it. And behold]

Read John Trapp on Psalms 59 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(4) They run and prepare.—These words might both be taken in a military sense. For “run,” see Psalms 18:29; Job 15:26; Job 16:14. Help me.—Literally, as in margin, meet. It is found in a hostile sense, and never in the sense of helping. A suggested emendation, “Awake to my calling, and behold,” removes the difficulty.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 59 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 4. They run and prepare themselves] They leave no stone unturned that they may effect my destruction and prevent the building.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 59 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

1–5. The Psalmist prays for deliverance from the enemies who are bent on taking his life, pleading his innocence, and appealing to God to punish all injustice.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 59 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

They run and prepare themselves - That is, they “hasten” to accomplish this; they are quick to obey the command of Saul requiring them to slay me.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 59 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

For no fault of my own, they move swiftly to attack me. Arise to help me, and take notice.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

I have done no wrong, yet they are ready to attack me. Rise up, behold, and help me!

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

For no fault of my own, they move swiftly to attack me. Arise to help me, and take notice.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Though I have done nothing wrong, they are anxious to attack. Spring into action and help me! Take notice of me!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

They run and prepare themselves without my fault: awake to help me, and behold.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

They run and prepare themselves without my fault: Awake thou to help me, and behold.

RVARevised Version, American1894

They run and prepare themselves without my fault: awake thou to help me, and behold.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

They run and prepare themselves without my fault: awake to help me, and behold.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

They runne and prepare themselues without a fault on my part: arise therefore to assist me, and beholde.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

They run and prepare themselves without [my] fault: awake to meet me, and behold.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Without punishment they run and prepare themselves, Stir up to meet me, and see.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Without punishment they run and prepare themselves, || Stir up to meet me, and see.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(59:5) Without guilt [in me] they run and make themselves ready: awake, [come] toward me, and behold.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

They prepare to run at me although I am without fault; awake and help me and see.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Thou hast moved the earth, and hast troubled it: heal thou the breaches thereof, for it has been moved.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Even though I'm not guilty they hurry to prepare an attack on me. Please stand up, come and help me, and see what's going on.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

For no sin of mine they go quickly and get themselves ready; be awake and come to my help, and see.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseadverb phrase · adverbialבְּֽלִיnotעָ֭וֺןiniquityverb phrase · verbverb phraseיְרוּצ֣וּtheyןrunוְandיִכּוֹנָ֑נוּthey.are.establishedclauseverb phrase · verbע֖וּרָawakeהprepositional phrase · prepositionalלִtoclauseverbקְרָאתִ֣meetobjectיmeוּandclauseverbרְאֵהsee

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in wording, with all seven words matched. This alignment suggests a consistent understanding of the verse across these ancient texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

בְּֽלִי־ עָ֭וֹן יְרוּצ֣וּן וְיִכּוֹנָ֑נוּ ע֖וּרָה לִקְרָאתִ֣י וּרְאֵה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
בְּֽלִי־ὅτιעָ֭וֹןἰδοὺיְרוּצ֣וּןτὴνוְיִכּוֹנָ֑נוּμουע֖וּרָהἐπ’לִקְרָאתִ֣יοὔτεוּרְאֵה׃μου

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 59:4בְּלִיnotnotבְּלִיעָוֹןiniquityiniquityעָוֹןרוּץthey run !they run !רוּץכּוּןand they maand they may beכּוּןעוּרawake !awake !עוּרקָרָאto meet meto meet meקָרָארָאָהand seeand seeרָאָהבָּלָהto become to become oldבָּלָהעָוָהto twistto twistעָוָהאֲבַדto destroyto destroyאֲבַדעוּרעוּרדַּ֫עַתknowledgeknowledgeדַּ֫עַתיָצַתto kindleto kindleיָצַתפֶּ֫שַׁעtransgresstransgressionפֶּ֫שַׁעחַטָּאָהsinsinחַטָּאָהקָרָאto encountto encounter: mקָרָאתֵּבֵלworldworldתֵּבֵלכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאנֵ֫בֶלbagbagנֵ֫בֶלרוּץto run: ruto run: runרוּץעָרַךְto arrangeto arrangeעָרַךְעֳנִיafflictionafflictionעֳנִינָבַטto lookto lookנָבַט
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 59:4

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

not iniquity they run ! and they may be established awake ! to meet me and see
בְּֽלִי־be.li- not H1097 Noun common · masculine singular construct
58× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means without or nothing, often used for negation. It appears in various forms, such as without or not yet, in the Old Testament.
Tyndale gloss
without
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בְּלִי (bli) refers to a state of wearing out or destruction, and serves as an adverb of negation meaning 'without' or 'not.' It is derived from the root meaning failure and can indicate absence or lack in various contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בְּלִי subst. wearing out, hence

fig. destruction

defect, failure, hence adv. of negation

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1097 בְּלִי subst. wearing out, hence . fig. destruction

. defect, failure, hence adv. of negation

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1097 bliy bel-ee'

from 1086; properly, failure, i.e. nothing or destruction;

usually (with preposition) without, not yet, because not, as

long as, etc.:--corruption, ig(norantly), for lack of, where

no...is, so that no, none, not, un(awares), without.

see HEBREW for 01086

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בְּלִי (be.li) — without.

subst

1) wearing out

adv of negation

2) without, no, not

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
not iniquity they run ! and they may be established awake ! to meet me and see
עָ֭וֹן'A.von iniquity H5771 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
233× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means moral evil or sin, like the kind God sees in people's hearts. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Psalms. This concept is key to understanding human nature.
Tyndale gloss
iniquity: crime
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָוֹן (avon) refers to iniquity, guilt, or the punishment associated with iniquity. It encompasses concepts of moral evil, such as perversity and depravity, and includes the consequences or punishment for these actions. The term appears in contexts like 2 Kings 7:9 and Psalm 51:5, highlighting its significance in discussions of sin and guilt.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָוֹן n.m. iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5771 עָוֹן iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5771 `avon aw-vone'

or oavown (2 Kings 7:9; Psalm 51:5 (7)) {aw-vone'}; from

5753; perversity, i.e. (moral) evil:--fault, iniquity,

mischeif, punishment (of iniquity), sin.

see HEBREW for 07

see HEBREW for 05753

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: crime.

: crime

1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity

1a) iniquity

1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)

1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity

עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: guilt.

: guilt

1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity

1a) iniquity

1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)

1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity

עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: punishment.

: punishment

1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity

1a) iniquity

1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)

1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

in-ik'-wi-ti (`awon; anomia): In the Old Testament of the 11 words translated "iniquity," by far the most common and important is `awon (about 215 times). Etymologically, it is customary to explain it as meaning literally "crookedness," "perverseness," i.e. evil regarded as that which is not straight or upright, moral distortion (from `iwwah, "to bend," "make crooked," "pervert"). Driver, however (following Lagarde), maintains that two roots, distinct in Arabic, have been confused in Hebrew, one equals "to bend," "pervert" (as above), and the other equals "to err," "go astray"; that `awon is derived from the latter, and consequently expresses the idea of error, deviation from the right path, rather than that of perversion (Driver, Notes on Sam, 135 note) Whichever etymology is adopted, in actual usage it has three meanings which almost imperceptibly pass into each other:

(1) iniquity,

Thompson Chain Reference topics

general references to

Job 15:16; Ps 41:6; 53:1; Isa 5:18; Jer 30:14; Eze 9:9; Ho 14:1

Mic 2:1; Mt 23:28; 24:12; Ro 6:19

not iniquity they run ! and they may be established awake ! to meet me and see
יְרוּצ֣וּןye.ru.Tzun they run ! H7323 Verb qal imperfect third person masculine plural · suffix
103× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To run or rush, often used to describe someone moving quickly, as seen in the story of the runners in Jeremiah 51:31. This verb appears in various forms, including running swiftly or darting. It is used to convey a sense of urgency or haste.
Tyndale gloss
to run: run
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רוּץ (ruts) means to run, encompassing various nuances such as running swiftly or causing someone to run away. It is a primitive root that can imply actions like breaking down or dividing quickly. The word appears in different forms, including participles for runners or messengers. There is some overlap in definitions across lexicons, but they consistently focus on the core idea of running.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רוּץ vb. run

Qal

run

pl. the runners (prop. out-runners)

runner = (royal messenger, post, late)

Pō‛lēl they run swiftly, dart

Hiph. cause to run

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7323 רוּץ run

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7323 ruwts roots

a primitive root; to run (for whatever reason, especially to

rush):--break down, divide speedily, footman, guard, bring

hastily, (make) run (away, through), post.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רוּץ (ruts) — to run: run.

: run/runner/messenger

1) to run

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to run

1a2) runners (participle as subst)

1b) (Polel) to run swiftly, dart

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to bring or move quickly, hurry

1c2) to drive away from, cause to run away

רוּץ (ruts) — to run: guard.

: guard

1) to run

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to run

1a2) runners (participle as subst)

1b) (Polel) to run swiftly, dart

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to bring or move quickly, hurry

1c2) to drive away from, cause to run away

רוּץ (ruts) — to run: pieces.

: pieces

1) to run

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to run

1a2) runners (participle as subst)

1b) (Polel) to run swiftly, dart

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to bring or move quickly, hurry

1c2) to drive away from, cause to run away

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3mp/Sn — Verb qal imperfect third person masculine plural · suffix
HVqi3mp/Sn
not iniquity they run ! and they may be established awake ! to meet me and see
וְיִכּוֹנָ֑נוּve.yi.ko.Na.nu and they may be established H3559 Conjunction · verb hithpael third person masculine plural
217× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to set something up or establish it, like setting up a tent or appointing someone to a position, as seen in Isaiah 7:14.
Tyndale gloss
to establish: prepare
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כּוּן (kuwn) is a Hebrew verb meaning to establish or prepare. It encompasses a range of meanings, including to be firm, to fix, to direct, and to be ready, with applications in both literal and figurative contexts. The entries indicate various forms of the verb, such as Niph'al (to be established) and Hiph'il (to establish), but there is a note on a noun form, נָכוֹן (nakhon), meaning 'blow'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[כּוּן] 218 vb. prob. be firm, only in der. conj.

Niph.

be set up, established, fixed

in a moral sense, be directed aright, of ways

prepare, be ready

pass. be prepared, of judgments

Hiph.

establish, set up

fix, so as to be ready, make ready, prepare, a gift

provide for, provide, furnish

direct one's face toward

arrange, order

Hoph.

be established, of throne

be prepared for

Po‛lēl.

set up, establish

constitute, make, a man (in womb)

fix, so as to be ready

direct

Po‛lal. be established

Hithpo‛l. be established

base

נָכוֹן n. [m.] = blow Jb 12:5

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3559a כּוּן prob. be firm, only in der. conj. . . be set up, established, fixed

. in a moral sense, be directed aright, of ways

. prepare, be ready

. pass. be prepared, of judgments

. . establish, set up

. . fix, so as to be ready, make ready, prepare, a gift

. provide for, provide, furnish

. direct one's face toward

. arrange, order

. . be established, of throne

. be prepared for

. . set up, establish

. constitute, make, a man (in womb)

. fix, so as to be ready

. direct

. be established

. be established

H3559b נָכוֹן n. [m.] = blow

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3559 kuwn koon

a primitive root; properly, to be erect (i.e. stand

perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great

variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix,

prepare, apply), or figurative (appoint, render sure, proper

or prosperous):--certain(-ty), confirm, direct, faithfulness,

fashion, fasten, firm, be fitted, be fixed, frame, be meet,

ordain, order, perfect, (make) preparation, prepare (self),

provide, make provision, (be, make) ready, right, set (aright,

fast, forth), be stable, (e-)stablish, stand, tarry, X very

deed.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כּוּן (kun) — to establish: prepare.

: prepare/direct

1) to be firm, be stable, be established

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to be set up, be established, be fixed

1a1a) to be firmly established

1a1b) to be established, be stable, be secure, be enduring

1a1c) to be fixed, be securely determined

1a2) to be directed aright, be fixed aright, be steadfast (moral sense)

1a3) to prepare, be ready

1a4) to be prepared, be arranged, be settled

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to establish, set up, accomplish, do, make firm

1b2) to fix, make ready, prepare, provide, provide for, furnish

1b3) to direct toward (moral sense)

1b4) to arrange, order

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be established, be fastened

1c2) to be prepared, be ready

1d) (Polel)

1d1) to set up, establish

1d2) to constitute, make

1d3) to fix

1d4) to direct

1e) (Pulal) to be established, be prepared

1f) (Hithpolel) to be established, be restored

נָכוֹן (na.khon) — blow.

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Vtu3mp — Conjunction · verb hithpael third person masculine plural
HC/Vtu3mp
not iniquity they run ! and they may be established awake ! to meet me and see
ע֖וּרָה'U.rah awake ! H5782 Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffix
80× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To rouse means to wake up or stir someone into action. It can also mean to be excited or triumphant, and is used in the Bible to describe God stirring up his people. This word is about being awakened or energized.
Tyndale gloss
to rouse
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עוּר (uwr) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rouse or awaken. It encompasses various forms, including to rouse oneself, be incited, or act in an excited manner. The entries suggest a range of uses from literal waking to figurative stirring up of emotions or actions, with different grammatical forms indicating nuances in meaning.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[עוּר] vb. rouse oneself, awake

Qal rouse oneself to activity

Niph. be roused; be incited to activity

Pō‛l. rouse, incite to activity

Pilp. rouse (i.e. raise ?) a cry of destruction

Hithpō‛l. and I was (joyfully) excited, triumphant

Hiph.

rouse

declarative or exhibitive sense, act in an aroused manner, awake

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5782 [עוּר] rouse oneself, awake

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5782 `uwr oor

a primitive root (rather identical with 5783 through the idea

of opening the eyes); to wake (literally or

figuratively):--(a- )wake(-n, up), lift up (self), X master,

raise (up), stir up (self).

see HEBREW for 05783

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עוּר (ur) — to rouse.

1) to rouse oneself, awake, awaken, incite

1a) (Qal) to rouse oneself, awake

1b) (Niphal) to be roused

1c) (Polel) to stir up, rouse, incite

1d) (Hithpolel) to be excited, be triumphant

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to rouse, stir up

1e2) to act in an aroused manner, awake

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqv2ms/Sh — Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffix
HVqv2ms/Sh
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-wak' yaqats, ("to waken"; `ur, "to rouse up" from sleep; egeiro, "to arouse from sleep"): The ordinary terms for awaking from natural slumber: as of Jacob at Bethel (Ge 28:16); of Solomon at Gibeon (1Ki 3:15); of Jesus in the storm-tossed boat (Lu 8:24).

Used figure with striking effect of awaking from mental, moral and spiritual sleep: as when Deborah calls upon herself to awake to the fervor and eloquence of poetry (Jud 5:12); of Zion's awaking to moral vigor and beauty (Isa 52:1); of waking from spiritual death (Eph 5:14); from the grave in resurrection (

not iniquity they run ! and they may be established awake ! to meet me and see
לִקְרָאתִ֣יlik.ra.Ti to meet me H7122 Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct common · suffix
139× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to encounter or meet someone, either by chance or on purpose. It can describe a friendly meeting or a hostile one. In Exodus, the Israelites encountered God on Mount Sinai.
Tyndale gloss
to encounter: meet
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word קָרָא (*qara'*) is a primitive root meaning to encounter or meet, often unexpectedly. It encompasses various nuances, including to befall or happen by chance. The verb appears in different forms: Qal (to meet), Niphal (to meet unexpectedly), and Hiphil (to cause to meet). Brown-Driver-Briggs notes its use in a figurative sense as well.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[קָרָא] 137 vb. encounter, befall

Qal 131

meet, encounter

fig. befall

Niph. meet unexpectedly

Hiph. thou didst cause all this evil to befall them

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7122 קָרָא encounter, befall

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7122 qara' kaw-raw'

a primitive root: to encounter, whether accidentally or in a

hostile manner:--befall, (by) chance, (cause to) come (upon),

fall out, happen, meet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָרָא (qa.ra) — to encounter: meet.

: meet

1) to encounter, befall, meet

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to meet, encounter

1a2) to befall (fig)

1b) (Niphal) to meet, meet unexpectedly

1c) (Hiphil) to cause to meet

קָרָא (qa.ra) — to encounter: toward.

: toward/(come)against

1) to encounter, befall, meet

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to meet, encounter

1a2) to befall (fig)

1b) (Niphal) to meet, meet unexpectedly

1c) (Hiphil) to cause to meet

קָרָא (qa.ra) — to encounter: chanced.

: happen[unexpectedly]

1) to encounter, befall, meet

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to meet, encounter

1a2) to befall (fig)

1b) (Niphal) to meet, meet unexpectedly

1c) (Hiphil) to cause to meet

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Vqcc/Sp1bs — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct common · suffix
HR/Vqcc/Sp1bs
not iniquity they run ! and they may be established awake ! to meet me and see
וּרְאֵה׃u.re.'eh and see H7200 Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singular
1,300× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for provider means to see or look after, and is used to describe God's care for his people. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible, including in Genesis and other books.
Tyndale gloss
Provider
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָאָה (ra'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to see' and encompasses a wide range of visual and perceptual actions, including looking, observing, and causing others to see. It can refer to both literal sight and figurative understanding, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as appearing or being visible. The entries indicate a rich semantic field without significant disagreement among lexicographers.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָאָה 1315 vb. see

Qal 1141

see, subj.

see, c. acc. rei

see, sq. acc. cl. or phr. of closer design

see, so as to learn to know

abs. see, have (power of) vision

see = perceive

look at, see, by direct volition

of mental observation

c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

see, c. acc. rei

Niph.

appear

be seen

be visible

Pu. appar. his bones are not detected

Hithp. recipr. look at each other

Hiph.

cause one to see something, shew

cause to experience something

cause to look intently at, to behold

Hoph.

be caused to see, be shewn

be exhibited to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7200a רָאָה see .. . see, subj.

. see, c. acc. rei

. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design

. see, so as to learn to know

. abs. see, have (power of) vision

. see = perceive

. look at, see, by direct volition

. of mental observation

. . c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

. see, c. acc. rei

. . appear

. be seen

. be visible

. appar. his bones are not detected

. recipr. look at each other

. . . cause one to see something, shew

. cause to experience something

. cause to look intently at, to behold

. . be caused to see, be shewn

. be exhibited to

H7200b רְאוּת look

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7200 ra'ah raw-aw'

a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in

numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive,

intransitive and causative):--advise self, appear, approve,

behold, X certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have

experience, gaze, take heed, X indeed, X joyfully, lo, look

(on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up,

upon), mark, meet, X be near, perceive, present, provide,

regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one

another), shew (self), X sight of others, (e-)spy, stare, X

surely, X think, view, visions.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: see.

: see/show

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

1a4) to look at, see, regard, look after, see after, learn about, observe, watch, look upon, look out, find out

1a5) to see, observe, consider, look at, give attention to, discern, distinguish

1a6) to look at, gaze at

1a7) to provide, choose

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to appear, present oneself

1b2) to be seen

1b3) to be visible

1c) (Pual) to be seen

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to see, show

1d2) to cause to look intently at, behold, cause to gaze at

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be caused to see, be shown

1e2) to be exhibited to

1f) (Hithpael) to look at each other, face

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: examine.

: examine/consider

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Vqv2ms — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singular
HC/Vqv2ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

se: In addition to the ordinary sense of perceiving by the eye, we have

(1) chazah, "to see" (in vision): "Words of Amos .... which he saw concerning Israel" (Am 1:1). The revelation was made to his inward eye. "The word of Yahweh .... which he (Micah) saw concerning Samaria" (Mic 1:1), describing what he saw in prophetic vision (compare Hab 1:1); see REVELATION, III, 4;

(2) horao, "to take heed": "See thou say nothing" (Mr 1:44);

(3) eidon, "to know," "to note with the mind": "Jesus saw that he answered discreetly" (Mr 12:34);

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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