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Ruth 2:16 — Word Study

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WLCוְגַ֛ם שֹׁל־ תָּשֹׁ֥לּוּ לָ֖הּ מִן־ הַצְּבָתִ֑ים וַעֲזַבְתֶּ֥ם וְלִקְּטָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִגְעֲרוּ־ בָֽהּ׃

BSARathergam pull outshâlal [from the bundles, some stalks] [some stalks] frommin [heads of grain] the bundlestsebeth [handfuls of purpose] and leave themʻâzab [and let it lie] for her to gatherlâqaṭ [glean, pick up] Do notlôʼ [in no way] rebukegâʻar

Word
Listen & take awayRuth 2
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 16 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Vah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ruth 2:16quick helps
In a sentenceBoaz instructs his workers to leave extra grain for Ruth and not to scold her.
Who is speakingBoaz, addressing his young men regarding Ruth.
Where we areIn the fields of Boaz, during the harvest season.
The hard wordשֹׁל־, shol-
Take awayThe command is to be generous and kind to the gleaner.
5 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Cambridge & more — read them › clause verbשָׁלַל The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 11 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ruth 2:16

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Instructions for Gleaninggenerated

15When Ruth got up to glean, Boaz ordered his young men, “Even if she gathers among the sheaves, do not insult her.
16Rather, pull out for her some stalks from the bundles and leave them for her to gather. Do not rebuke her.”
17So Ruth gathered grain in the field until evening. And when she beat out what she had gleaned, it was about an ephah of barley.
18She picked up the grain and went into the town, where her mother-in-law saw what she had gleaned. And she brought out what she had saved from her meal and gave it to Naomi.

Ruth 2:16 is part of a narrative where Boaz, a landowner, ensures that Ruth, a widow and foreigner, is treated with kindness as she gathers leftover grain. This act of generosity reflects the laws of gleaning in Israel, allowing the poor to collect what remains after the harvest, as outlined in Deuteronomy 24:19-21. Boaz's instructions highlight the importance of compassion and support for those in need.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Deuteronomy 24:19–21If you are harvesting in your field and forget a sheaf there, do not go back to get it. It is to be left for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow, so that the LORD your God may bless you in all the work of your hands.
2Psalm 112:9He has scattered abroad his gifts to the poor; his righteousness endures forever; his horn will be lifted high in honor.
3Proverbs 19:17Kindness to the poor is a loan to the LORD, and He will repay the lender.
4Matthew 25:40And the King will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers of Mine, you did for Me.’
5Romans 12:13Share with the saints who are in need. Practice hospitality.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

And let fall also some of the handfuls of purpose for her, and leave them, that she may glean them, and rebuke her not.Deuteronomy 24:19–21 Psalm 112:9 Proverbs 19:17 Matthew 25:40 Romans 12:13 2 Corinthians 8:5–11 Philemon 1:7 Hebrews 6:10 1 John 3:17–18

The Key Word שֹׁל־, shol-generated

The verb שָׁלַל (shalal) means to take or draw out, often associated with the act of spoiling or plundering. In this context, it conveys the idea of pulling out stalks from the bundles for Ruth to gather.

The parsing as an infinitive construct suggests an ongoing action, indicating that the act of pulling out is intended to be done for Ruth's benefit, emphasizing the generosity of Boaz.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the phrase pull out for her some stalks.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb תָּשֹׁ֥לּוּ, you will pull out, governs the sentence, with several phrases describing the actions to be taken. The structure emphasizes the sequential nature of the commands: to pull out, leave, and let Ruth glean.

The clauses build upon each other, with the first clause establishing the action and the subsequent clauses detailing the conditions and instructions given by Boaz.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates שֹׁל־ with the Greek word ἄφετε, indicating a command to let or allow. This choice emphasizes the act of leaving grain for Ruth in a way that aligns with the Greek audience's understanding of generosity.

This translation reflects a broader interpretation, focusing on the act of allowing Ruth to gather rather than the specific action of pulling out.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ruth 2:16 shows Boaz telling his workers to pull out stalks of grain for Ruth and to let her gather them without rebuke. This reflects the kindness and generosity expected in the gleaning process, allowing the poor to benefit from the harvest.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Boaz mean by 'pull out for her some stalks'?

Boaz instructs his workers to intentionally leave some grain for Ruth, ensuring she has enough to gather.

Why is it important that Ruth is not rebuked?

This reflects the cultural expectation of kindness towards the poor and vulnerable, allowing Ruth to gather without fear of reprimand.

What does gleaning signify in this context?

Gleaning represents God's provision for the needy, as outlined in the law, and Boaz's actions demonstrate his adherence to this principle.

How does this verse connect to the laws of gleaning?

It directly relates to the biblical laws that commanded landowners to leave portions of their harvest for the poor, as seen in Deuteronomy 24:19-21.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How can I show kindness to those in need in my community, similar to Boaz's actions?
  2. What does it mean to me to allow others to benefit from my resources?
  3. In what ways can I support those who may feel marginalized or vulnerable?
  4. How can I apply the principles of generosity and compassion from this passage in my daily life?

Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ruth 2:16 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And let fall some of the handfuls on purpose for her,.... That is, when they had reaped an handful, instead of laying it in its proper order, to be taken up by those that gathered after them, or by

Read John Gill on Ruth 2 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And let fall also some of the handfuls of purpose for her, and leave them, that she may glean them, and rebuke her not. Let fall also some of the handfuls of purpose for her.

Read Robert Jamieson on Ruth 2 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Rth 2:16 And let fall also [some] of the handfuls of purpose for her, and leave [them], that she may glean [them], and rebuke her not.Ver. 16. And let fall also some of the handfuls.] Boaz could have given her at first an ephah of barley, and it had been no more charge to him. But he will have her use her endeavours to gather, and glean, and beat out. And that labour of hers should be the price she should pay for it. So God gives knowledge and grace. The heathen could say, Dii laboribus omnia vendunt.

Read John Trapp on Ruth 2 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

16. the bundles] Only here; in Assyr. the root (ṣ ?abâtu) means ‘to grasp’; in the Mishnah and Jewish Aram., ‘to bind.’

Read Cambridge on Ruth 2 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

16. Handfuls of purpose for her — “These directions of Boaz went far beyond the bounds of generosity and compassion for the poor, and show that he felt a peculiar interest in Ruth, with whose

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ruth 2 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Rather, pull out for her some stalks from the bundles and leave them for her to gather. Do not rebuke her.”

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Also pull out some for her from the bundles, and leave it. Let her glean, and don’t rebuke her.”

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Rather, pull out for her some stalks from the bundles and leave them for her to gather. Do not rebuke her.”

NETBNew English Translation2006

Make sure you pull out ears of grain for her and drop them so she can gather them up. Don’t tell her not to!”

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And let fall also some of the handfuls of purpose for her, and leave them, that she may glean them, and rebuke her not.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And also pull out some for her from the bundles, and leave it, and let her glean, and rebuke her not.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And also pull out some for her from the bundles, and leave it, and let her glean, and rebuke her not.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And let fall also some of the handfuls of purpose for her, and leave them , that she may glean them , and rebuke her not.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Also let fall some of the sheaues for her, and let it lie, that she may gather it vp, and rebuke her not.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And ye shall also sometimes draw out for her [some ears] out of the handfuls, and leave them that she may glean, and rebuke her not.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and also ye do surely cast to her of the handfuls — and have left, and she hath gleaned, and ye do not push against her.'

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and also you surely cast to her of the handfuls—and have left, and she has gleaned, and you do not push against her.”

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And ye shall also draw out some for her from the bundles on purpose, and leave it, that she may glean it, and ye shall not rebuke her.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Also pull out for her some ears of grain from the bundles, and leave them for her to gather up, and do not rebuke her.”

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And let fall some of your handfuls of purpose, and leave them, that she may gather them without shame, and let no man rebuke her when she gathereth them.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

In fact, pull out some stalks from the bundles you're cutting and leave them for her to pick up. Don't tell her off.”

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And let some heads of grain be pulled out of what has been corded up, and dropped for her to take, and let no sharp word be said to her.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

conjunction phraseוְandגַ֛םalsoclauseadverbialשֹׁלindeed.(pull.out)verbתָּשֹׁ֥לּוּyou.will.pull.outprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָ֖forהּherprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִןsome.ofnoun phraseהַthe.bundlesצְּבָתִ֑יםof.grainוַandclauseverbעֲזַבְתֶּ֥םyou.will.leave.[them]וְandclauseverbלִקְּטָ֖הshe.will.gleanוְandclauseadverbialלֹ֥אnotverbתִגְעֲרוּyou.must.rebukeprepositional phrase · prepositionalבָֽ(in)הּher

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in content, with 9 of the 11 words matching. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some words partially restored, indicating a similar but slightly damaged text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְגַ֛ם שֹׁל־ תָּשֹׁ֥לּוּ לָ֖הּ מִן־ הַצְּבָתִ֑ים וַעֲזַבְתֶּ֥ם וְלִקְּטָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִגְעֲרוּ־ בָֽהּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְגַ֛םκαὶלָ֖הּαὐτῇמִן־ἐκהַצְּבָתִ֑יםβεβουνισμένωνוַעֲזַבְתֶּ֥םἄφετεוְלִקְּטָ֖הσυλλέχειוְלֹ֥אοὐκתִגְעֲרוּ־ἐπιτιμήσετεבָֽהּ׃αὐτῇ

9 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 2Q16a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[וגם] [של] תשלו [ל׳ה] [מן] [הצבתים] ועזבתם ולקטה [ולא] [תגערו] [ב׳ה]

1 word on the leather — 2 partly restored, 8 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ruth 2:16גַּםand alsoand alsoגַּםשָׁלַלindeedindeedשָׁלַלשָׁלַלyou will puyou will pull oשָׁלַלהָfor herfor herהָמִן־some ofsome ofמִן־צְבָתִיםthe bundlesthe bundles of צְבָתִיםעָזַבand you wiland you will leעָזַבלָקַטand she wiland she will glלָקַטלֹאand notand notלֹאגָּעַרyou must reyou must rebukeגָּעַרהָherherהָמֵןstringstringמֵןבָּזַזto plunderto plunderבָּזַזתְּמוֹלyesterdayyesterdayתְּמוֹלשִׁלְשֹׁםthree daysthree days agoשִׁלְשֹׁםרָחַקto removeto removeרָחַקיָתַרto remainto remainיָתַרנוּסto fleeto fleeנוּסשִׁבֹּ֫לֶתShibbolethShibbolethשִׁבֹּ֫לֶתקָצִירharvestharvestקָצִיריָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדשָׂטָןSatanSatanשָׂטָן
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ruth 2:16

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and also indeed you will pull out for her some of the bundles of grain and you will leave [them] and she will glean and not you must rebuke her
וְגַ֛םve.Gam and also H1571 Conjunction · adverb
769× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Also means 'even' or 'too', used for emphasis or to connect ideas, like 'both...and' or 'neither...nor'. It can introduce a climax or show contrast.
Tyndale gloss
also
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גַּם (gam) is an adverb meaning 'also' or 'moreover,' indicating addition or emphasis. It can express various nuances, such as 'even,' 'indeed,' or 'but.' The term is often used in a correlational manner, as in 'both...and.' It appears in contexts that require clarification or reinforcement of a statement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גַּם 768 adv. denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1571 גַּם denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1571 gam gam

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather;

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea,

though; often repeated as correl. both...and:--again, alike,

also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and , but, either...or,

even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover,

nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גַּם (gam) — also.

1) also, even, indeed, moreover, yea

1a) also, moreover (giving emphasis)

1b) neither, neither...nor (with negative)

1c) even (for stress)

1d) indeed, yea (introducing climax)

1e) also (of correspondence or retribution)

1f) but, yet, though (adversative)

1g) even, yea, yea though (with 'when' in hypothetical case)

2) (TWOT) again, alike

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | DirObjM — Conjunction · adverb
HC/D
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol'-so: In the Greek kai, when it is equivalent to "also" or "even," is always placed before the word or phrase which it is intended to emphasize (e.g. Ac 12:3; 1 Joh 4:21). Mt 6:14 should therefore read, "Your heavenly Father will forgive you also"; Lu 6:13, "Whom also he named apostles"; Heb 8:6, "The mediator of a better covenant also"; and 1Th 4:14, `If we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also (we believe that) those who are fallen asleep in Jesus, God will bring with Him.'

and also indeed you will pull out for her some of the bundles of grain and you will leave [them] and she will glean and not you must rebuke her
שֹׁל־shol- indeed H7997 Verb · Qal · infinitive construct common
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to take something by force, like looting or plundering. It is used in the Bible to describe the act of spoiling or taking prey. In the KJV, it is translated as 'let fall' or 'make self a prey'.
Amplified meaning
from the bundles, some stalks
Tyndale gloss
to take
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׁלַל (shalal) is a primitive root meaning to draw out or to spoil, often associated with plundering. It covers actions like taking spoil or being spoiled, with references to both active and passive forms. The entries highlight its use in contexts of looting or plundering, as seen in Ruth 2:16.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁלַל] vb. draw out;—Ru 2:16

ref

שָׁלַל vb. spoil, plunder

Qal spoil, plunder

Hithpō‛. the stout of heart are spoiled

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7997a שָׁלַל draw out H7997b שָׁלַל spoil, plunder

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7997 shalal shaw-lal'

a primitive root; to drop or strip; by implication, to

plunder:--let fall, make self a prey, X of purpose, (make a,

(take)) spoil.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁלַל (sha.lal) — to take.

(Qal) to draw out

שָׁלַל (sha.lal) — to loot.

1) to spoil, plunder, take spoil

1a) (Qal) to spoil, plunder

1b) (Hithpolel) to be spoiled, be plundered

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Ptc — Verb · Qal · infinitive construct common
HVqcc
and also indeed you will pull out for her some of the bundles of grain and you will leave [them] and she will glean and not you must rebuke her
תָּשֹׁ֥לּוּta.Sho.lu you will pull out H7997 Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to take something by force, like looting or plundering. It is used in the Bible to describe the act of spoiling or taking prey. In the KJV, it is translated as 'let fall' or 'make self a prey'.
Tyndale gloss
to take
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׁלַל (shalal) is a primitive root meaning to draw out or to spoil, often associated with plundering. It covers actions like taking spoil or being spoiled, with references to both active and passive forms. The entries highlight its use in contexts of looting or plundering, as seen in Ruth 2:16.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁלַל] vb. draw out;—Ru 2:16

ref

שָׁלַל vb. spoil, plunder

Qal spoil, plunder

Hithpō‛. the stout of heart are spoiled

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7997a שָׁלַל draw out H7997b שָׁלַל spoil, plunder

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7997 shalal shaw-lal'

a primitive root; to drop or strip; by implication, to

plunder:--let fall, make self a prey, X of purpose, (make a,

(take)) spoil.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁלַל (sha.lal) — to take.

(Qal) to draw out

שָׁלַל (sha.lal) — to loot.

1) to spoil, plunder, take spoil

1a) (Qal) to spoil, plunder

1b) (Hithpolel) to be spoiled, be plundered

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi2mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
HVqi2mp
and also indeed you will pull out for her some of the bundles of grain and you will leave [them] and she will glean and not you must rebuke her
לָ֖הּlah for her H9034 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָ (ha) — her.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp3fs
and also indeed you will pull out for her some of the bundles of grain and you will leave [them] and she will glean and not you must rebuke her
מִן־min- some of H4480 Preposition
1,189× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a portion or part of something, and is often used to show the relationship between things, like from or out of something.
Amplified meaning
heads of grain
Tyndale gloss
from
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מִן־ (*min*) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' indicating separation or origin. It covers various uses, including temporal references, comparisons, and causal relationships. Additionally, it can denote a portion when used as a noun מֵן (*men*). The entries highlight its versatility in expressing different nuances of separation and position.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִן־, and מִ, before יְ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not

with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal

from, against

מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

of position, off, on the side of, on

Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

Partitively

Of time—

as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

towards, to

(וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

In comparisons, beyond, above

מן is prefixed to an infin.:

with causal force, from, on account of, through

after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

with a temporal force, since, after

Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

In compounds:

base

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4480a מִן־, מִ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not . with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal . from, against

. מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

. of position, off, on the side of, on

. Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

. Partitively

. Of time— . as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

. as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

. towards, to

. (וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

. In comparisons, beyond, above

. מן is prefixed to an infin.: . with causal force, from, on account of, through

. after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

. with a temporal force, since, after

. Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4480 min min

or minniy {min-nee'}; or minney (constructive plural)

{min-nay'}; (Isaiah 30:11); for 4482; properly, a part of;

hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses (as

follows):--above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason

of), from (among), in, X neither, X nor, (out) of, over,

since, X then, through, X whether, with.

see HEBREW for 04482

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִן־ (min) — from.

prep

1) from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than

1a) from (expressing separation), off, on the side of

1b) out of

1b1) (with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling)

1b2) (of material from which something is made)

1b3) (of source or origin)

1c) out of, some of, from (partitively)

1d) from, since, after (of time)

1e) than, more than (in comparison)

1f) from...even to, both...and, either...or

1g) than, more than, too much for (in comparisons)

1h) from, on account of, through, because (with infinitive)

conj

2) that

Aramaic equivalent: min (מִן־ "from" H4481)

מֵן (men) — portion.

n.m.

portion

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and also indeed you will pull out for her some of the bundles of grain and you will leave [them] and she will glean and not you must rebuke her
הַצְּבָתִ֑יםha.tze.va.Tim the bundles of grain H6653 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a bundle of grain, like a handful of wheat or barley. It appears in the Bible as a measurement of food. In ancient Israel, it was a common way to carry or store grain.
Amplified meaning
handfuls of purpose
Tyndale gloss
bundle
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צְבָתִים (tse.vet) refers to bundles, specifically bundles of grain. It is derived from a root meaning to grip, suggesting a collection of stalks. The term appears in the context of Ruth 2:16.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צְבָתִים n.[m.]pl. bundles of grain Ru 2:16

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6653 צְבָתִים bundles of grain

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6653 tsebeth tseh'-beth

from an unused root apparently meaning to grip; a lock of

stalks:--handful.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צְבָתִים (tse.vet) — bundle.

1) bundles

1a) of grain

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

gran.

See AGRICULTURE; GARNER.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Grain

Used, in Amos 9:9, of a small stone or kernel; in Matt. 13:31, of an individual seed of mustard; in John 12:24, 1 Cor. 15:37, of wheat. The Hebrews sowed only wheat, barley, and spelt; rye and oats are not mentioned in Scripture.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See CORN.

and also indeed you will pull out for her some of the bundles of grain and you will leave [them] and she will glean and not you must rebuke her
וַעֲזַבְתֶּ֥םva.'a.zav.Tem and you will leave [them] H5800 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
215× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Forsaken means to loosen or relinquish something, often implying abandonment. In the Bible, the word appears in Psalm 22:1, where David cries out to God, saying my God, why have you forsaken me. The term signifies a sense of desperation and isolation.
Amplified meaning
and let it lie
Tyndale gloss
Forsaken
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָזַב (azab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to leave, forsake, or let loose. It encompasses a range of actions from abandoning or neglecting to setting free. The entries suggest it can also imply restoration or repair, though this aspect is less emphasized. Notably, the term can describe both active and passive states, such as being forsaken or deserted.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָזַב 213 vb. leave, forsake, loose

Qal

leave, c. acc.

leave, abandon, forsake

let loose, set free, let go

Niph.

be left to

be forsaken, of house of God

Pu. (or Qal pass.) be deserted, of city

base

[עָזַב] vb. restore, repair (?);—Qal Ne 3:8

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5800a עָזַב leave, forsake, loose .. leave, c. acc.

. leave, abandon, forsake

. let loose, set free, let go

. . be left to

. be forsaken, of house of God

. (or Qal pass.) be deserted, of city

H5800b עָזַב restore, repair(?)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5800 `azab aw-zab'

a primitive root; to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit,

etc.:--commit self, fail, forsake, fortify, help, leave

(destitute, off), refuse, X surely.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: forsake.

1) to leave, loose, forsake

1a) (Qal) to leave

1a1) to depart from, leave behind, leave, let alone

1a2) to leave, abandon, forsake, neglect, apostatise

1a3) to let loose, set free, let go, free

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be left to

1b2) to be forsaken

1c) (Pual) to be deserted

עָזַב (a.zav) — to restore.

1) to restore, repair

1a) (Qal) to repair

עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: release.

1) to leave, loose, forsake

1a) (Qal) to leave

1a1) to depart from, leave behind, leave, let alone

1a2) to leave, abandon, forsake, neglect, apostatise

1a3) to let loose, set free, let go, free

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be left to

1b2) to be forsaken

1c) (Pual) to be deserted

עָזַב (a.zav) — Forsaken.

This name means to restore, repair

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: neglect.

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-2mp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
Hc/Vqq2mp
and also indeed you will pull out for her some of the bundles of grain and you will leave [them] and she will glean and not you must rebuke her
וְלִקְּטָ֖הve.li.ke.Tah and she will glean H3950 Verb · Piel · sequential perfect third person feminine singular
37× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to gather or pick up, like gleaning leftover crops in a field. It is used in various forms to describe collecting or gathering things.
Amplified meaning
glean, pick up
Tyndale gloss
to gather
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לָקַט (laqat) means to pick up or gather, specifically referring to the act of gleaning. It has various forms, including Qal (to gather), Piel (to collect or gather up), and Pual (to be picked up). The entries highlight its use in contexts of gathering, both in agriculture and in collecting money.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[לָקַט] vb. pick or gather up, specif. glean

Qal

pick up, gather

specif. glean

Pi.

gather, gather up

fig. collect (money)

specif. glean

Pu. ye shall be picked up

Hithp. and there collected themselves worthless men unto Jephthah

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3950 לָקַט pick or gather up, specif. glean

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3950 laqat law-kat'

a primitive root; properly, to pick up, i.e. (generally) to

gather; specifically, to glean:--gather (up), glean.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לָקַט (la.qat) — to gather.

1) to pick up, gather, glean, gather up

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to pick up, gather

1a2) to glean

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to gather, gather up

1b2) to collect (money)

1b3) to glean

1c) (Pual) to be picked up

1d) (Hithpael) to collect oneself

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Piel-3fs — Verb · Piel · sequential perfect third person feminine singular
Hc/Vpq3fs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Glean

The corners of fields were not to be reaped, and the sheaf accidentally left behind was not to be fetched away, according to the law of Moses (Lev. 19:9; 23:22; Deut. 24:21). They were to be left for the poor to glean. Similar laws were given regarding vineyards and oliveyards. (Comp. Ruth 2:2.)

and also indeed you will pull out for her some of the bundles of grain and you will leave [them] and she will glean and not you must rebuke her
וְלֹ֥אve.Lo' and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Amplified meaning
in no way
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and also indeed you will pull out for her some of the bundles of grain and you will leave [them] and she will glean and not you must rebuke her
תִגְעֲרוּ־tig.'a.ru- you must rebuke H1605 Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to rebuke or reprove someone, often in a stern or corrective manner, as seen in the Bible's teachings on discipline. It can also mean to corrupt.
Tyndale gloss
to rebuke
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גָּעַר (ga'ar) is a primitive root meaning to rebuke or reprove. The entries indicate that it can also imply chiding or corrupting. It is primarily used in the context of reprimanding or correcting someone.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גָּעַר vb. rebuke

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1605 גָּעַר rebuke

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1605 ga`ar gaw-ar'

a primitive root; to chide:--corrupt, rebuke, reprove.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גָּעַר (ga.ar) — to rebuke.

(Qal) to rebuke, reprove, corrupt

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
HVqi2mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

re-buk': As a verb "rebuke" is in the Old Testament the translation of ga`ar and yakhach; another word, ribh, in Ne 5:7, is in the Revised Version (British and American) translated "contended with." "Rebuke" (noun) is most frequently the translation of ge`arah; also in the King James Version of cherpah (Isa 25:8; Jer 15:15, the Revised Version (British and American) "reproach"), and of a few other words signifying reproach, etc. "Rebuker" (mucar, literally, "correction," "chastisement") in Ho 5:2 has the Revised Version margin "Hebrew `rebuke.'" In the New Testament "to rebuke" is most often the translation of epitimao (Mt…

and also indeed you will pull out for her some of the bundles of grain and you will leave [them] and she will glean and not you must rebuke her
בָֽהּ׃Vah her H9034 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָ (ha) — her.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp3fs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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