Zephaniah 3:3 — Word Study
WLCשָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ אֲרָי֖וֹת שֹֽׁאֲגִ֑ים שֹׁפְטֶ֙יהָ֙ זְאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב לֹ֥א גָרְמ֖וּ לַבֹּֽקֶר׃
BSAHer princessar [rulers, leaders] are roaringshâʼag [like fierce conquerors] lionsʼărîy her judges [are]shâphaṭ [those who govern, vindicate] eveningʻereb [sunset, twilight] wolveszᵉʼêb leavinggâram■ [not reserving, gnawing] nothinglôʼ for the morningbôqer [the break of day, a new beginning]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שָׂרֶ֣יהָ | officials its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ | in midst its | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| אֲרָי֖וֹת | [are] lions | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| שֹֽׁאֲגִ֑ים | roaring | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural |
| שֹׁפְטֶ֙יהָ֙ | judges its | Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common, suffix |
| זְאֵ֣בֵי | [are] wolves of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| עֶ֔רֶב | [the] evening | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לֹ֥א | [which] not | Particle |
| גָרְמ֖וּ | they gnaw | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| לַבֹּֽקֶר׃ | to the morning | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Her princes are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves, leaving nothing for the morning. |
| KJV | Her princes within her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves; they gnaw not the bones till the morrow. |
| ASV | Her princes in the midst of her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves; they leave nothing till the morrow. |
| YLT | Her heads in her midst [are] roaring lions, Her judges [are] evening wolves, They have not gnawn the bone in the morning. |
| WEB | Her princes within her are roaring lions. Her judges are evening wolves. They leave nothing until the next day. |
| BBE | Her rulers are like loud-voiced lions in her; her judges are wolves of the evening, crushing up the bones before the morning. |
Where they part company is שָׂרֶ֣יהָ — see How Translations Differ.
The verse contains two main clauses, each with a predicate that describes the nature of the leaders and judges.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׁאַג
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Zephaniah 3:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Corruption of Jerusalem's Leadersgenerated
Zephaniah 3:3 depicts the leaders of Jerusalem as fierce predators, highlighting their corruption and failure to protect the vulnerable. This imagery serves to emphasize the moral decay within the city, as the rulers and judges exploit their positions instead of serving justice. The surrounding verses further illustrate the consequences of such leadership, contrasting it with the righteousness of the LORD, who does not fail to execute justice each morning.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 4:8–11 | As I have observed, those who plow iniquity and those who sow trouble reap the same. |
| 2 | Psalm 10:8–10 | He lies in wait near the villages; in ambush he slays the innocent; his eyes watch in stealth for the helpless. |
| 3 | Proverbs 28:15 | Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over a helpless people. |
| 4 | Isaiah 1:23 | Your rulers are rebels, friends of thieves. They all love bribes and chasing after rewards. They do not defend the fatherless, and the plea of the widow never comes before them. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 22:17 | “But your eyes and heart are set on nothing except your own dishonest gain, on shedding innocent blood, on practicing extortion and oppression.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שָׂרֶ֣יהָ, sa.Rei.hagenerated
The word שָׂר (sar) means 'ruler' or 'leader', and in this context, it refers specifically to the officials in Jerusalem. It indicates individuals in positions of power, such as princes or captains, who are expected to govern justly.
This noun is in the plural form, indicating multiple leaders. The construct form with the suffix suggests possession, meaning 'her officials' or 'her rulers', tying them directly to the city of Jerusalem.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, the verse is read in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the term princes for שָׂרֶ֣יהָ.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains two main clauses, each presenting a different metaphor for the leaders and judges. The first clause describes the princes as אֲרָי֖וֹת (lions) שֹֽׁאֲגִ֑ים (roaring), while the second clause presents the judges as זְאֵ֣בֵי (wolves) עֶ֔רֶב (evening).
The structure emphasizes the predatory nature of both groups, with the verbs indicating their actions and the nouns providing the imagery. The use of vivid animal metaphors underscores the severity of their corruption.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שָׂרֶ֣יהָ as οἱ, indicating a straightforward rendering of 'the rulers'. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning, preserving the sense of authority.
For אֲרָי֖וֹת, the LXX uses λέοντες, which directly translates to 'lions', maintaining the original imagery of strength and ferocity.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Zephaniah 3:3 describes the leaders of Jerusalem as fierce lions and wolves. This imagery highlights their predatory behavior and failure to protect the people. The verse emphasizes the corruption within the city's leadership, contrasting it with God's justice.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It suggests that the leaders are aggressive and powerful, using their strength to dominate rather than protect.
Evening wolves symbolize cunning and predation, indicating that the judges exploit their authority for personal gain.
This phrase implies that the actions of these leaders leave no hope or resources for the people, representing a complete failure of justice.
It illustrates a society where those in power are corrupt and predatory, failing to serve their community and uphold righteousness.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can we identify predatory behavior in leadership today?
- How can we ensure that our leaders are held accountable for their actions?
- What steps can we take to promote justice and righteousness in our communities?
- How does this imagery of animals resonate with our understanding of power and authority?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Zephaniah 3:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHer princes within her [are] roaring lions,.... Or, "as roaring lions"; there being a defect of the note of similitude; which is supplied by the Targum, Septuagint, Vulgate Latin, Syriac, and Arabic versions.
Read John Gill on Zephaniah 3 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHer princes within her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves; they gnaw not the bones till the morrow. Her princes within her are roaring lions - "roaring" for pray (Proverbs 28:15; Ezekiel 22:27; Amos 3:4; Micah 2:2).
Read Robert Jamieson on Zephaniah 3 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHer princes; persons of principal place and authority about the king, chief officers in civil matters. and, which is worse, her own princes, born and bred among them, who should have been most tender and just. Are roaring lions; which hunt for prey, are ever tearing or threatening, affrighting or devouring. Such the Assyrian princes were, ,12. Such, and no better, are the princes in Judah and Jerusalem. Her judges; elders of cities, magistrates of lower rank; or it may be the sanhedrim. Evening wolves; most hungry, insatiable, and cruel, like wolves of the evening whetted with hunger and fasting, . They gnaw not the bones till the morrow; they leave nothing to be eat or the morrow, they…
Read Matthew Poole on Zephaniah 3 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsZephaniah 3:3 Her princes within her [are] roaring lions; her judges [are] evening wolves; they gnaw not the bones till the morrow.Ver. 3. Her princes within her are roaring lions] Roaring over the meaner sort, and tearing them with their claws. Her judges are evening wolves] See Habakkuk 1:8. This rapacity and bribery they had learned (likely) under Manassah and Amon; and exercised under good Josiah, who either knew it not, or could not redress it. Est ergo periculi plena reipublicae forma, quae ab uno dependet, saith Gualther here. And Tertullian telleth us, that one special thing the primitive Christians prayed for the emperor was, that God would send him Senatum fidelem, a faithful…
Read John Trapp on Zephaniah 3 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) Till the morrow.—Better, on the morrow. The meaning is just the opposite to that given in the Authorised Version. They are so greedy that they devour their prey instantly, leaving no portion of it for the morrow.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Zephaniah 3 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. Her princes - are roaring lions] Tearing all to pieces without shadow of law, except their own despotic power. Her judges are evening wolves] Being a little afraid of the lion-like princes, they practise their unjust dealings from evening to morning, and take the day to find their rest. They gnaw not the bones till the morrow.] They devour the flesh in the night, and gnaw the bones and extract the marrow afterwards. They use all violence and predatory oppression, like wild beasts; they shun the light, and turn day into night by their revellings.
Read AdamClarke on Zephaniah 3 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. Every class does evil, each in its own way. A very full parallel is Ezekiel 22:25-28 (in Ezekiel 22:25 read princes). The “princes” may be the royal house, or the magnates in whose hands lay the judicial and governing power. Ezek. describing the princes says, they are “like a roaring lion ravening the prey; they have devoured souls; they have taken the treasure; they have made her widows many.” The “judges” are compared to evening wolves (Habakkuk 1:8), less powerful than the lions but no less insatiable and murderous. Ezekiel 22:27, “wolves ravening the prey, to shed blood, to destroy souls, to get dishonest gain.” Judicial corruption and murder are often complained of by the prophets…
Read Cambridge on Zephaniah 3 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe prophet having declared the wickedness of the whole city, rehearses how each in Church and state, the ministers of God in either, who should have corrected the evil, themselves aggravated it.
Read Albert Barnes on Zephaniah 3 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Her princes are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves, leaving nothing for the morning.
Her princes within her are roaring lions. Her judges are evening wolves. They leave nothing until the next day.
Her princes are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves, leaving nothing for the morning.
Her princes are as fierce as roaring lions; her rulers are as hungry as wolves in the desert, who completely devour their prey by morning.
Tyndale line
Her princes within her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves; they gnaw not the bones till the morrow.
Her princes in the midst of her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves; they leave nothing till the morrow.
Her princes in the midst of her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves; they leave nothing till the morrow.
Her princes within her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves; they gnaw not the bones till the morrow.
Her princes within her are as roaring lyons: her iudges are as wolues in the euening, which leaue not the bones till the morow.
Strictly literal
Her princes in the midst of her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves, that leave nothing for the morning.
Her heads in her midst [are] roaring lions, Her judges [are] evening wolves, They have not gnawn the bone in the morning.
Her heads in her midst [are] roaring lions, || Her judges [are] wolves [as in] evening, || They have not gnawn the bone in the morning.
Her princes in her midst are roaring lions: her judges are evening wolves, they leave not a bone for the morning.
Her princes are roaring lions in her midst. Her judges are evening wolves who leave nothing to be gnawed upon in the morning.
From the Latin
Her princes are in the midst of her as roaring lions: her judges are evening wolves, they left nothing for the morning.
Simplified
Your leaders are as greedy as roaring lions; your judges are ravenous wolves that leave nothing behind by morning.
Her rulers are like loud-voiced lions in her; her judges are wolves of the evening, crushing up the bones before the morning.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches the Hebrew word-for-word, indicating agreement on the content. The Dead Sea Scrolls also align closely with the MT, though some words are partly restored or supplied by editors, showing minor variations.
שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ אֲרָי֖וֹת שֹֽׁאֲגִ֑ים שֹׁפְטֶ֙יהָ֙ זְאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב לֹ֥א גָרְמ֖וּ לַבֹּֽקֶר׃
10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
שרי׳ה בקרב׳ה אריות שאגים [שפטי׳ה] זאבי ערב לא גרמו לבקר
7 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.
ערב [לא] [גרמו] [לבקר]
4 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Zephaniah 3:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שַׂר (sar) refers to a leader or ruler, encompassing a range of meanings from prince and chief to official and captain. It denotes various ranks, including military commanders and religious leaders, and can also imply a noble or merchant of high status. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to rule'.
שַׂר 420 n.m. chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
base
H8269 שַׂר chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
8269 sar sar
from 8323; a head person (of any rank or class):--captain
(that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper,
lord, ((-task- ))master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.
see HEBREW for 08323
שַׂר (sar) — ruler.
1) prince, ruler, leader, chief, chieftain, official, captain
1a) chieftain, leader
1b) vassal, noble, official (under king)
1c) captain, general, commander (military)
1d) chief, head, overseer (of other official classes)
1e) heads, princes (of religious office)
1f) elders (of representative leaders of people)
1g) merchant-princes (of rank and dignity)
1h) patron-angel
1i) Ruler of rulers (of God)
1j) warden
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs
קֶ֫רֶב (qereb) refers to the inward part or midst of something, encompassing both physical and figurative meanings. It can denote the center of a person or object, as well as the seat of thought and emotion. The term also relates to the entrails of sacrificial animals. It is used in various contexts, including references to being among or within a group.
קֶ֫רֶב 227 n.[m.] inward part, midst
base
H7130 קֶ֫רֶב inward part, midst
7130 qereb keh'-reb
from 7126; properly, the nearest part, i.e. the center,
whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with
preposition):--X among, X before, bowels, X unto charge, +
eat (up), X heart, X him, X in, inward (X -ly, part, -s,
thought), midst, + out of, purtenance, X therein, X through, X
within self.
see HEBREW for 07126
קֶ֫רֶב (qe.rev) — entrails: among.
: among/within
1) midst, among, inner part, middle
1a) inward part
1a1) physical sense
1a2) as seat of thought and emotion
1a3) as faculty of thought and emotion
1b) in the midst, among, from among (of a number of persons)
1c) entrails (of sacrificial animals)
Also means: qe.rev (קֶ֫רֶב ": inner_parts" H7130H)
קֶ֫רֶב (qe.rev) — entrails: inner parts.
: inner_parts
1) midst, among, inner part, middle
1a) inward part
1a1) physical sense
1a2) as seat of thought and emotion
1a3) as faculty of thought and emotion
1b) in the midst, among, from among (of a number of persons)
1c) entrails (of sacrificial animals)
HR/Ncmsc/Sp3fs — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp3fs
אֲרִי (ariy) and אַרְיֵה (aryeh) both mean 'lion' in Hebrew, referring to the animal itself or images of it. The word is derived from a root associated with violence. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
אֲרִי n.m. lion
base
אַרְיֵה n.m. lion
base
H738a אֲרִי lion H738b אַרְיֵה lion
738 'ariy ar-ee'
or (prolonged) earyeh {ar-yay'}; from 717 (in the sense of
violence); a lion:--(young) lion, + pierce (from the margin).
see HEBREW for 0717
אֲרִי (a.ri) — lion.
1) lion
1a) pictures or images of lions
אַרְיֵה (ar.yeh) — lion.
1) lion
1a) pictures or images of lions
Aramaic equivalent: ar.yeh (אַרְיֵה "lion" H0744)
N-mp — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
Lions
The most powerful of all carnivorous animals. Although not now found in Palestine, they must have been in ancient times very numerous there. They had their lairs in the forests (Jer. 5:6; 12:8; Amos 3:4), in the caves of the mountains (Cant. 4:8; Nah. 2:12), and in the canebrakes on the banks of the Jordan (Jer. 49:19; 50:44; Zech. 11:3).
No fewer than at least six different words are used in the Old Testament for the lion. (1.) Gor (i.e., a “suckling”), the lion’s whelp (Gen. 49:9;
The Hebrew word שָׁאַג (sha'ag) means 'to roar' and is derived from a primitive root. It covers the action of roaring, particularly in contexts involving a lion, a conqueror, or a cry of distress. The entries consistently emphasize the powerful nature of the sound, but do not provide specific verse references.
H7580 שָׁאַג roar
7580 sha'ag shaw-ag'
a primitive root; to rumble or moan:--X mightily, roar.
שָׁאַג (sha.ag) — to roar.
1) (Qal) to roar
1a) of lion, conqueror, Jehovah, cry of distress
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine pluralHVqrmpa
שָׁפַט (shaphat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to judge or govern. It encompasses a range of actions including pronouncing sentences, executing judgments, and deciding controversies in various contexts such as civil and religious matters. The word can also imply being judged or entering into legal disputes. There is a specific mention of its use in the context of final judgment.
שָׁפַט 185 vb. judge, govern
Qal
act as law-giver, judge, governor
specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions
execute judgment
Niph.
recipr., enter into controversy, plead
pass. be judged
Pô‛el = my opponent-at-law
base
H8199 שָׁפַט judge, govern .. act as law-giver, judge, governor
. specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions
. execute judgment
. . recipr., enter into controversy, plead
. pass. be judged
.= my opponent-at-law
8199 shaphat shaw-fat'
a primitive root; to judge, i.e. pronounce sentence (for or
against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by
extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literally or
figuratively):--+ avenge, X that condemn, contend, defend,
execute (judgment), (be a) judge(-ment), X needs, plead,
reason, rule.
שָׁפַט (sha.phat) — to judge.
1) to judge, govern, vindicate, punish
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to act as law-giver or judge or governor (of God, man)
1a1a) to rule, govern, judge
1a2) to decide controversy (of God, man)
1a3) to execute judgment
1a3a) discriminating (of man)
1a3b) vindicating
1a3c) condemning and punishing
1a3d) at theophanic advent for final judgment
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to enter into controversy, plead, have controversy together
1b2) to be judged
1c) (Poel) judge, opponent-at-law (participle)
V-Qal | Suff — Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common · suffixHVqrmpc/Sp3fs
זְאֵב (z'ev) means 'wolf' and is derived from an unused root that suggests a yellow color. The term is straightforwardly defined across the entries, with no significant variation in meaning. It appears in contexts referring to the animal itself.
H2061 זְאֵב wolf
2061 z'eb zeh-abe'
from an unused root meaning to be yellow; a wolf:--wolf.
זְאֵב (ze.ev) — wolf.
wolf
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֶ֫רֶב (ereb) refers to the time of day known as evening or dusk, originally associated with sunset. It can also denote night, particularly in poetic contexts. The phrase 'between two evenings' suggests a time frame between sunset and darkness.
עֶ֫רֶב 131 n.[m.] (sun)set, evening
evening, orig. sunset
du. in phrase between two evenings, i.e. prob. between sunset and dark
(late poet.) = night
base
H6153 עֶ֫רֶב (sun)set, evening . . evening, orig. sunset
. du. in phrase between two evenings, i.e. prob. between sunset and dark
. (late poet.) = night
6153 `ereb eh'-reb
from 6150; dusk:--+ day, even(-ing, tide), night.
see HEBREW for 06150
עֶ֫רֶב (e.rev) — evening.
1) evening, night, sunset
1a) evening, sunset
1b) night
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Evening
The period following sunset with which the Jewish day began (Gen. 1:5; Mark 13:35). The Hebrews reckoned two evenings of each day, as appears from Ex. 16:12: 30:8; 12:6 (marg.); Lev. 23:5 (marg. R.V., “between the two evenings”). The “first evening” was that period when the sun was verging towards setting, and the “second evening” the moment of actual sunset. The word “evenings” in Jer. 5:6 should be “deserts” (marg. R.V.).
The Hebrews reckoned two evenings in each day; as in the phrase, "between the two evenings," Ex 12:6 Nu 9:3 28:4. In this interval the Passover was to be killed, and the daily evening sacrifice offered, Ex 29:39-41, Hebrew. According to the Carites, this time between the evenings is the interval from sunset to complete darkness, that is, the evening is the interval from sunset to complete darkness, that is, the evening twilight. Compare De 16:6. According to the Pharisees and the rabbins, the first evening began when the sun inclined to descend more rapidly, that is, at the ninth hour; while the second or real evening commenced at sunset. See DAY.
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Part — ParticleHTn
גָּרַם (garam) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to both reserving and breaking bones. It can signify laying aside or saving, as well as a more physical action of breaking or gnawing bones. The word is derived from a primitive root and is used in a denominative sense, indicating a range of meanings from the abstract to the concrete.
[גָּרַם] vb. lay aside, leave, save
base
[גָּרַם] vb. denom. break bones, break
base
H1633a גָּרַם lay aside, leave, save H1633b גָּרַם vb. denom. break bones, break
1633 garam gaw-ram'
a primitive root; to be spare or skeleton-like; used only as
a denominative from 1634; (causative) to bone, i.e. denude (by
extensive, craunch) the bones:--gnaw the bones, break.
see HEBREW for 01634
גָּרַם (ga.ram) — to reserve.
1) to cut off, reserve, lay aside, leave, save
1a) (Qal) to reserve
גָּרַם (ga.ram) — to break bones.
(Piel) to break bones, gnaw bones, break
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
בֹּ֫קֶר (boqer) means 'morning' and is derived from the root word for 'dawn.' It encompasses the time of day when light begins to appear, marking the end of night and the start of a new day. The term can also refer to the next day or morning after a specific point in time. It is associated with brightness and joy following periods of distress.
בֹּ֫קֶר 214 n.m. morning
morning (of point of time, time at which, never during which, Eng. morning = forenoon
morrow, next day
base
H1242 בֹּ֫קֶר morning . morning (of point of time, time at which, never during which, Eng. morning = forenoon
. morrow, next day
1242 boqer bo'-ker
from 1239; properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally,
morning:--(+) day, early, morning, morrow.
see HEBREW for 01239
בֹּ֫קֶר (bo.qer) — morning.
1) morning, break of day
1a) morning
1a1) of end of night
1a2) of coming of daylight
1a3) of coming of sunrise
1a4) of beginning of day
1a5) of bright joy after night of distress (fig.)
1b) morrow, next day, next morning
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
mor'-ning: There are several Hebrew and Greek words which are rendered "morning," the most common in Hebrew being boqer, which occurs 180 times. It properly means "the breaking forth of the light," "the dawn," as in Ge 19:27; Jud 19:8,25,27. Another word with the same meaning is shachar (Ge 19:15; Ne 4:21; Isa 58:8). mishchar ("womb of the morning," Ps 110:3) is a poetical term derived from. the same root. See HIND OF THE MORNING. noghah, naghha' (Da 6:19 (Hebrew 20)), mean "brightness." hashkem, comes from…
- The second part of the day at the creation
Ge 1:5,8,13,19,23,31
- The first part of the natural day
- Ordained by God
- Began with first dawn
