Job 3:9 — Word Study
WLCיֶחְשְׁכוּ֮ כּוֹכְבֵ֪י נִ֫שְׁפּ֥וֹ יְקַו־ לְא֥וֹר וָאַ֑יִן וְאַל־ יִ֝רְאֶ֗ה בְּעַפְעַפֵּי־ שָֽׁחַר׃
BSAMay its morningnesheph [early, at dawn] starskôwkâb [celestial bodies, heavenly messengers] grow darkchâshak▸ [become obscured, lose their light] may it waitqâvâh▸ [look for, expect] in vainʼayin [without result, to no avail] for daylightʼôwr [natural light, illumination] may it notʼal [never, under no circumstances] seerâʼâh▸ [perceive, behold] the breakingʻaphʻaph [dawning, rising] of dawnshachar [the morning light, new beginning]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יֶחְשְׁכוּ֮ | let them grow dark | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| כּוֹכְבֵ֪י | [the] stars of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| נִ֫שְׁפּ֥וֹ | twilight its | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| יְקַו־ | let it wait | Verb, Piel, jussive third person masculine singular |
| לְא֥וֹר | for light | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וָאַ֑יִן | and not | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְאַל־ | and may not | Conjunction, particle |
| יִ֝רְאֶ֗ה | it look | Verb, Qal, jussive third person masculine singular |
| בְּעַפְעַפֵּי־ | on [the] eyelids of | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| שָֽׁחַר׃ | dawn | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | May its morning stars grow dark; may it wait in vain for daylight; may it not see the breaking of dawn. |
| KJV | Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for light, but have none; neither let it see the dawning of the day: |
| ASV | Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark: Let it look for light, but have none; Neither let it behold the eyelids of the morning: |
| YLT | Let the stars of its twilight be dark, Let it wait for light, and there is none, And let it not look on the eyelids of the dawn. |
| WEB | Let the stars of its twilight be dark. Let it look for light, but have none, neither let it see the eyelids of the morning, |
| BBE | Let its morning stars be dark; let it be looking for light, but may it not have any; let it not see the eyes of the dawn. |
Where they part company is in the interpretation of Job's wishes for darkness and absence of light.
The structure emphasizes Job's wishes through a series of jussive verbs, creating a rhythm of longing and despair.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbחָשַׁךְ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 3:9
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Lamentationgenerated
Job 3:9 is part of Job's profound lament where he wishes for darkness to envelop the day of his birth. This chapter captures Job's deep anguish and his desire for the day to be forgotten, reflecting the emotional turmoil he experiences after losing everything. The surrounding verses further illustrate his despair, as he questions the purpose of his life and the pain he endures.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 30:26 | But when I hoped for good, evil came; when I looked for light, darkness fell. |
| 2 | Jeremiah 8:15 | We hoped for peace, but no good has come, for a time of healing, but there was only terror. |
| 3 | Jeremiah 13:16 | Give glory to the LORD your God before He brings darkness, before your feet stumble on the dusky mountains. You wait for light, but He turns it into deep gloom and thick darkness. |
| 4 | Job 41:18 | His snorting flashes with light, and his eyes are like the rays of dawn. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יֶחְשְׁכוּ, yech.she.Khugenerated
The verb חָשַׁךְ (chashak) means 'to darken' or 'to become dark'. It conveys a sense of obscurity and loss of light, which is fitting in this context where Job wishes for the stars to lose their brightness.
This form is in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing or future action, suggesting Job's desire for the stars to be darkened continually. The passive nature of the verb implies an outside influence causing this darkness, which emphasizes Job's feelings of helplessness.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the rendering of Job's wish for darkness.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb יֶחְשְׁכוּ governs the sentence, with several clauses following it. The structure emphasizes Job's wishes, each clause expressing a different aspect of his desire for darkness and absence of light.
The syntax shows a series of jussive verbs indicating Job's wishes, creating a rhythm of longing and despair throughout the verse.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יֶחְשְׁכוּ as σκοτωθείη (skototheiē), which means 'let it be darkened'. This choice aligns with Job's wish for the stars to lose their light, reinforcing the theme of despair.
This translation reflects a direct correspondence with the Hebrew, maintaining the sense of darkness Job desires.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 3:9 expresses Job's wish for the day of his birth to be shrouded in darkness. He longs for the stars to grow dim, for the day to wait in vain for light, and for it never to see the dawn. This reflects his deep sorrow and desire for his suffering to be acknowledged.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job is expressing his profound sorrow and desire for the day of his birth to be forgotten, wishing for darkness to cover it.
This wish symbolizes his deep despair and the feeling that his life has brought only suffering, making him wish for the absence of light and hope.
Job's lament reveals his intense grief and hopelessness, as he grapples with his suffering and questions the purpose of his existence.
The stars represent light and hope; by wishing for them to darken, Job is expressing his desire for his life to be devoid of these qualities.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced feelings of despair similar to Job's?
- How do I respond to moments in my life when I feel overwhelmed by darkness?
- What can I learn from Job's expression of grief and longing?
- How might I support others who are experiencing deep sorrow, as Job did?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early Church Fathers often referenced Job's lament to discuss themes of suffering and despair. Quotations from Gregory the Dialogist highlight various interpretations of this verse.
HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION. Let the stars be darkened with the shadow thereof. In Holy Scripture by the title of stars we have set forth sometimes the righteousness of the Saints which shineth in the darkness of this life,Early Church Fathers on Job 3 →
ALLEGORICAL INTERPRETATION. Let it look for light, but have none; neither let it see the dawning of the day. The holy man, who was filled with the virtue of the prophetic Spirit,Early Church Fathers on Job 3 →
MORAL INTERPRETATION. Let the stars thereof be overshadowed with darkness. For the stars of this night are overshadowed with darkness, when even they that already shine with great virtues, still bear something of the dimness of sin,Early Church Fathers on Job 3 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 3:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleLet the stars of the twilight thereof be dark,.... Either of the morning or evening twilight; both may be meant, rather the latter, because of the following clause; the sense is, let not these appear
Read John Gill on Job 3 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryLet the stars of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for light, but have none; neither let it see the dawning of the day: Dawning of the day - literally, eyelashes of morning; [ bª`ap`apeey
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 3 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleLet the stars, which are the glory and beauty of the night, to render it amiable and delightful to men, be covered with thick darkness, nd that both in the evening twilight, as is here expressed, when the stars begin to arise and shine forth; and also in the further progress of the night, even till the morning begins to dawn, as the following words imply. Let it look for light, but have none; let its darkness be aggravated with the disappointment of its hopes and expectations of light. He ascribes sense or reasoning to the night, by a poetical fiction usual in all writers. The dawning of the day, Heb. the eyelids of the day, i.e. the morningstar, which ushers in the day, and the beginning…
Read Matthew Poole on Job 3 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 3:9 Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for light, but [have] none; neither let it see the dawning of the day:Ver. 9. Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark] If the stars of its twilight be dark, how great is that darkness! Job would not have this night to have light of stars, or hope of day’ s dawn, hope of better, or place of worse. And this part of the curse he reserveth to the last place, as worse than any of the former. Semblably, that judgment of pining away in their iniquity is the last that God denounceth, Leviticus 26:39, after those other dismal ones there to befall the disobedient. And that, Revelation 22:11, Let him that is filthy be filthy…
Read John Trapp on Job 3 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(9) The dawning . . .—Literally, the eyelids of the dawn.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 3 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 9. Let the stars of the twilight thereof] The stars of the twilight may here refer to the planets Venus, Jupiter, Mars, and Mercury, as well as to the brighter fixed stars. Let it look for light] Here the prosopopoeia or personification is still carried on. The darkness is represented as waiting for the lustre of the evening star, but is disappointed; and these for the aurora or dawn, but equally in vain. He had prayed that its light, the sun, should not shine upon it, Job 3:4; and here he prays that its evening star may be totally obscured, and that it might never see the dawning of the day. Thus his execration comprehends every thing that might irradiate or enliven it.
Read AdamClarke on Job 3 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges9. the twilight thereof] that is, the morning twilight of that night. Let its morning stars, that should herald its day, go out—as the next clause explains: let it look for the light of a day that never breaks. see the dawning of the day] lit. behold the eyelids of the morning. This beautiful figure looks like an idea from Western poetry, just as the chamber of the Sun, Psalms 19:5. All commentators quote the parallel from Sophocles, χρυσέαςἁμέραςβλέφαρον, Antigone, 103.
Read Cambridge on Job 3 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleLet the stars of the twilight thereof be dark - That is, be extinguished, so that it shall be total darkness - darkness not even relieved by a single star.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 3 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
May its morning stars grow dark; may it wait in vain for daylight; may it not see the breaking of dawn.
Let the stars of its twilight be dark. Let it look for light, but have none, neither let it see the eyelids of the morning,
May its morning stars grow dark; may it wait in vain for daylight; may it not see the breaking of dawn.
Let its morning stars be darkened; let it wait for daylight but find none, nor let it see the first rays of dawn,
Tyndale line
Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for light, but have none; neither let it see the dawning of the day:
Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark: Let it look for light, but have none; Neither let it behold the eyelids of the morning:
Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark: let it look for light, but have none; neither let it behold the eyelids of the morning:
Let the stars of its twilight be dark; let it look for light, but have none; neither let it see the dawning of the day:
Let the starres of that twilight be dimme through darkenesse of it: let it looke for light, but haue none: neither let it see the dawning of the day,
Strictly literal
Let the stars of its twilight be dark; let it wait for light, and have none, neither let it see the eyelids of the dawn:
Let the stars of its twilight be dark, Let it wait for light, and there is none, And let it not look on the eyelids of the dawn.
Let the stars of its twilight be dark, || Let it wait for light, and there is none, || And let it not look on the eyelids of the dawn.
Let the stars of its twilight be darkened; let it hope for light, and there be none; and let it not behold the eyelids of the morning-dawn;
May the stars of that day's dawn be dark. May that day look for light, but find none; neither may it see the eyelids of the dawn,
From the Latin
Let the stars be darkened with the mist thereof: let it expect light and not see it, nor the rising of the dawning of the day:
Simplified
Its early morning stars should stay dark. Looking for light, may none come, may it not see the glimmer of dawn
Let its morning stars be dark; let it be looking for light, but may it not have any; let it not see the eyes of the dawn.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show a strong agreement in this verse, with eight of the ten words matched. The Septuagint's word order differs, but the essential meaning remains consistent with the Hebrew text.
יֶחְשְׁכוּ֮ כּוֹכְבֵ֪י נִ֫שְׁפּ֥וֹ יְקַו־ לְא֥וֹר וָאַ֑יִן וְאַל־ יִ֝רְאֶ֗ה בְּעַפְעַפֵּי־ שָֽׁחַר׃
8 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 3:9
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
חָשַׁךְ (chashak) is a primitive root meaning to be or become dark. It encompasses various nuances such as growing dim, hiding, or obscuring, and can be used transitively to indicate causing darkness. The entries suggest a range of meanings from physical darkness to metaphorical obscurity.
חָשַׁךְ be, grow dark
base
H2821 חָשַׁךְ be, grow dark
2821 chashak khaw-shak'
a primitive root; to be dark (as withholding light);
transitively, to darken:--be black, be (make) dark, darken,
cause darkness, be dim, hide.
חָשַׁךְ (cha.shakh) — to darken.
1) to be or become dark, grow dim, be darkened, be black, be hidden
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be or grow dark
1a2) to have a dark colour
1a3) to grow dim
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to make dark, cause to be dark
1b2) to hide, conceal
1b3) to obscure, confuse (fig.)
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
כּוֹכָב (kowkab) means 'star' and is likely derived from a root related to rolling or blazing. It can refer to a literal star or figuratively to a prince or significant figure, including associations with the Messiah and God's omniscience.
כּוֹכָב n.m. star
base
H3556 כּוֹכָב star
3556 kowkab ko-kawb'
probably from the same as 3522 (in the sense of rolling) or
3554 (in the sense of blazing); a star (as round or as
shining); figuratively, a prince:--star((-gazer)).
see HEBREW for 03522
see HEBREW for 03554
כּוֹכָב (ko.khav) — star.
1) star
1a) of Messiah, brothers, youth, numerous progeny, personification, God's omniscience (fig.)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נֶ֫שֶׁף (nesheph) refers to twilight, specifically the time of day when the evening breeze is felt. It encompasses both evening and morning twilight, indicating a transition period between day and night. The word is derived from a root that means 'breeze,' highlighting its connection to the atmospheric changes during these times.
נֶ֫שֶׁף n.m. twilight (prop. twilight-breeze)
evening twilight
morning twilight
base
H5399 נֶ֫שֶׁף twilight (prop. twilight-breeze) . evening twilight
. morning twilight
5399 nesheph neh'-shef
from 5398; properly, a breeze, i.e. (by implication) dusk
(when the evening breeze prevails):--dark, dawning of the day
(morning), night, twilight.
see HEBREW for 05398
נֶ֫שֶׁף (ne.sheph) — twilight.
1) twilight
1a) evening twilight
1b) morning twilight
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3ms
קָוָה (qavah) is a Hebrew verb that encompasses the meanings of waiting, expecting, and collecting. It can refer to eagerly waiting or lying in wait, as well as the act of gathering together. The word appears in different forms, including Qal and Piel, indicating various nuances of waiting and collecting.
[קָוָה] vb. wait for
Qal those waiting for
Pi.
wait, or look eagerly, for
lie in wait for
wait (linger) for
base
[קָוָה] vb. collect;—Niph. be collected
base
H6960a קָוָה wait for . wait, or look eagerly, for
. lie in wait for
. wait (linger) for
H6960b קָוָה collect;—Niph. be collected
6960 qavah kaw-vaw'
a primitive root; to bind together (perhaps by twisting),
i.e. collect; (figuratively) to expect:--gather (together),
look, patiently, tarry, wait (for, on, upon).
קָוָה (qa.vah) — to await.
1) to wait, look for, hope, expect
1a) (Qal) waiting (participle)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to wait or look eagerly for
1b2) to lie in wait for
1b3) to wait for, linger for
קָוָה (qa.vah) — to collect.
1) to collect, bind together
1a) (Niphal) to be collected
V-Piel-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Piel · jussive third person masculine singularHVpj3ms
wat:
1. The Substantive:
The word is used in the Old Testament both as a substantive add as a verb. In the New Testament it appears as a verb only. 'erebh, ma'arabh, mean a concealed hiding-place for purposes of sudden attack, an ambuscade.
(1) "Lie in wait": "Abimelech rose up .... from lying in wait" (Jud 9:35 the King James Version); "When they .... abide in the covert to lie in wait" (Job 38:40).
אוֹר (or) means 'light' and encompasses various forms of illumination, including daylight, dawn, and the light of heavenly bodies like the sun and stars. It can also refer to metaphorical concepts such as the light of life, prosperity, and instruction, as well as Yahweh as a source of light.
אוֹר 121 n.m. light
light as diffused in nature, light of day
morning light, dawn
light of the heavenly luminaries
daylight
lightning
light of lamp
light of life
light of prosperity
light of instruction
light of face
Yahweh
base
H216 אוֹר light . light as diffused in nature, light of day
. morning light, dawn
. light of the heavenly luminaries
. daylight
. lightning
. light of lamp
. light of life
. light of prosperity
. light of instruction
. light of face
. Yahweh
216 'owr ore
from 215; illumination or (concrete) luminary (in every
sense, including lightning, happiness, etc.):--bright, clear,
+ day, light (-ning), morning, sun.
see HEBREW for 0215
אוֹר (or) — light.
1) light
1a) light of day
1b) light of heavenly luminaries (moon, sun, stars)
1c) day-break, dawn, morning light
1d) daylight
1e) lightning
1f) light of lamp
1g) light of life
1h) light of prosperity
1i) light of instruction
1j) light of face (fig.)
1k) Jehovah as Israel's light
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Ncfsa
lit ('or, ma'or; phos; many other words):
1. Origin of Light
2. A Comprehensive Term
(1) Natural Light
(2) Artificial Light
(3) Miraculous Light
(4) Mental, Moral, Spiritual Light
3. An Attribute of Holiness
(1) God
(2) Christ
(3) Christians
(4) The Church
4. Symbolism
5. Expressive Terms
1. Origin of Light:
The creation of light was the initial step in the creation of life. "Let there be light" (Ge 1:3) was the first word of God spoken after His creative Spirit "moved" upon the primary material out of which He created the heavens and the earth, and which lay, until the utterance of that word, in the chaos of darkness and desolation. Something akin, possibly, to the all-pervasive electro-magnetic activity of the aurora borealis penetrated the chaotic night of the world. The ultimate focusing of light (on the 4th day of creation,
Light
The offspring of the divine command (Gen. 1:3). “All the more joyous emotions of the mind, all the pleasing sensations of the frame, all the happy hours of domestic intercourse were habitually described among the Hebrews under imagery derived from light” (1 Kings 11:36; Isa. 58:8; Esther 8:16; Ps. 97:11). Light came also naturally to typify true religion and the felicity it imparts (Ps. 119:105; Isa. 8:20; Matt. 4:16, etc.), and the glorious inheritance…
One of the most wonderful, cheering, and useful of all the works of God; called into being on the first of the six days of creation, by his voice: "Let there be light;" and there was light. No object better illustrates whatever is pure, glorious, spiritual, joyful, and beneficent. Hence the beauty and force of the expressions, "God is light," 1Jo 1:5, and "the Father of lights," Jas 1:17; Christ is the "Sun of righteousness," and "the light of the world," Joh 1:9 8:12. So also the word of God is "a light," Ps 119:105; truth and Christians are lights, Joh 3:19 12:36; prosperity is "light," Es 8:16; and heaven is full of…
אַ֫יִן (ayin) primarily means 'nothing' or 'nought' and serves as a negative particle indicating absence or negation, such as 'is not' or 'there is not.' It can also express lack of possession or existence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be non-existent, and it appears frequently in various grammatical constructions.
אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought
to nothing, as nothing
cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
in circumst. clauses
with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
with prefixes
base
H369 אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought . to nothing, as nothing
. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
. in circumst. clauses
. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
. with prefixes
369 'ayin ah'-yin
as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not
exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative
particle:--else, except, fail, (father-)less, be gone,
in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any,
thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable),
well-nigh, without. Compare 370.
see HEBREW for 0370
אַ֫יִן (a.yin) — nothing.
1) nothing, not, nought n
1a) nothing, nought neg
1b) not
1c) to have not (of possession) adv
1d) without w/prep
1e) for lack of
Conj | Part — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.
אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
base
H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
408 'al al
a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified
negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,
nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing
(worth), rather than.
see HEBREW for 03808
אַל (al) — not.
1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)
1a) do not, let not (with a verb)
1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)
1c) not, no (with substantive)
1d) nothing (as substantive)
Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particleHC/Tn
רָאָה (ra'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to see' and encompasses a wide range of visual and perceptual actions, including looking, observing, and causing others to see. It can refer to both literal sight and figurative understanding, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as appearing or being visible. The entries indicate a rich semantic field without significant disagreement among lexicographers.
רָאָה 1315 vb. see
Qal 1141
see, subj.
see, c. acc. rei
see, sq. acc. cl. or phr. of closer design
see, so as to learn to know
abs. see, have (power of) vision
see = perceive
look at, see, by direct volition
of mental observation
c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest
see, c. acc. rei
Niph.
appear
be seen
be visible
Pu. appar. his bones are not detected
Hithp. recipr. look at each other
Hiph.
cause one to see something, shew
cause to experience something
cause to look intently at, to behold
Hoph.
be caused to see, be shewn
be exhibited to
base
H7200a רָאָה see .. . see, subj.
. see, c. acc. rei
. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design
. see, so as to learn to know
. abs. see, have (power of) vision
. see = perceive
. look at, see, by direct volition
. of mental observation
. . c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest
. see, c. acc. rei
. . appear
. be seen
. be visible
. appar. his bones are not detected
. recipr. look at each other
. . . cause one to see something, shew
. cause to experience something
. cause to look intently at, to behold
. . be caused to see, be shewn
. be exhibited to
H7200b רְאוּת look
7200 ra'ah raw-aw'
a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in
numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive,
intransitive and causative):--advise self, appear, approve,
behold, X certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have
experience, gaze, take heed, X indeed, X joyfully, lo, look
(on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up,
upon), mark, meet, X be near, perceive, present, provide,
regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one
another), shew (self), X sight of others, (e-)spy, stare, X
surely, X think, view, visions.
רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: see.
: see/show
1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to see
1a2) to see, perceive
1a3) to see, have vision
1a4) to look at, see, regard, look after, see after, learn about, observe, watch, look upon, look out, find out
1a5) to see, observe, consider, look at, give attention to, discern, distinguish
1a6) to look at, gaze at
1a7) to provide, choose
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to appear, present oneself
1b2) to be seen
1b3) to be visible
1c) (Pual) to be seen
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to see, show
1d2) to cause to look intently at, behold, cause to gaze at
1e) (Hophal)
1e1) to be caused to see, be shown
1e2) to be exhibited to
1f) (Hithpael) to look at each other, face
רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: examine.
: examine/consider
1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to see
1a2) to see, perceive
1a3) to see, have vision
V-Qal-Juss-3ms — Verb · Qal · jussive third person masculine singularHVqj3ms
look:
(1) The uses of the simple verb in English Versions of the Bible are nearly all good modern English. In Isa 5:2, however, "He looked that it should bring forth grapes"--"look" is used in the sense of "expect." Compare the King James Version of Sirach 20:14; Ac 28:6, "They looked when he should have swollen" (the Revised Version (British and American) "They expected that he would have swollen"). In 1 Macc 4:54, the King James Version has inserted "look" (omitted in the Revised Version (British and American)) as a simple interjection, without a corresponding word in the Greek
(2) "Look upon" means "fix one's attention on," and is often so used in English Versions of the Bible without further significance (Ec 2:11;
עַפְעַף (aph'aph) refers to an eyelid, derived from a root meaning to flutter. It can also figuratively describe the rays of the morning sun or dawn. The entries consistently emphasize its primary meaning related to the eyelid, with a secondary figurative use.
[עַפְעַף] n.m. eyelid
base
H6079 עַפְעַף
6079 `aph`aph af-af'
from 5774; an eyelash (as fluttering); figuratively, morning
ray:--dawning, eye-lid.
see HEBREW for 05774
עַפְעַף (aph.aph) — eyelid.
1) eyelid
1a) eyelid
1b) of dawn, rays of sun (fig.)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural constructHR/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שַׁ֫חַר (shachar) means 'dawn' and can refer to both the literal time of day and figuratively or adverbially to concepts of early light or morning. It is derived from a related root, שָׁחַר (H7836), and is used in various contexts to denote the beginning of light.
שַׁ֫חַר n.m. dawn
base
H7837 שַׁ֫חַר dawn
7837 shachar shakh'-ar
from 7836; dawn (literal, figurative or
adverbial):--day(-spring), early, light, morning, whence
riseth.
see HEBREW for 07836
שַׁ֫חַר (sha.char) — dawn.
1) dawn
1a) dawn
1b) at dawn (as adverb)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa