1 Corinthians 3

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 33 2 8 0 0 3. Divisions in the Church, part 3) (3:1 23)) ) Outline (continued)) 3:1 23 4. Workmen for God ) 3:1 4 a. Mere Men ) 3:5 9 b. God s Servants ) 3:10 15 c. Builders for God ) 3:16 17 d.

God s Temple ) 3:18 23 e. Warning and Conclusion ) ) ) ) 4. Workmen for God) 3:1 23) 3 1 And I, brothers, was unable to address you as spiritual men but [address you] as men who are sensual, as babes in Christ. 2 I gave you milk to consume, not solid food, for you were not yet able to consume solid food. Indeed, you are still not able. 3 For you are still natural. For since there is jealousy and strife among you, are you not unspiritually minded and walking in the ways of man? 4 For when someone says, I am of Paul, but someone else says, I am of Apollos, are you not mere men?) 5 What then is Apollos and what is Paul? They are servants through whom you became believers as the Lord has given a task to each one. 6 I planted, Apollos supplied the water, but God gave the increase. 7 So then neither the one who plants nor the one who supplies the water is anything, but only God causes the increase. 8 Now he that plants and he that supplies the water are one, but each one will receive his own reward according to his own labor. 9 For we are fellow workers for God; you are God s field, God s building.) 10 According to the grace of God given to me, as a wise master builder I laid a foundation, and another is building on it.

But let each one take care how he builds on it. 11 For no one is able to lay down a foundation other than the one that is already laid, namely, Jesus Christ. 12 Now if anyone builds upon the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw, 13 the work of each one will become evident; for the day will bring it to light, because with fire it will be revealed. And the fire will test what kind of work each one has performed. 14 If anyone s work which he has built is to remain, he shall receive a reward. 15 If anyone s work shall be burned up, he will suffer loss; but he himself shall be saved, and thus as through fire.) 16 Do you not know that you are the temple of God and the Spirit of God lives within you? 17 If anyone destroys the temple of God, God will destroy him; for the temple of God is holy and that is what you are.) 18 Let no one deceive himself. If any of you thinks that he is wise in this age, let him become foolish that he may become wise. 19 For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God, for it is written,) He catches the wise in their craftiness. ) 20 And again,) The Lord knows the thoughts of the wise,) that they are empty. ) 21 So then let no one boast in men. For all things are yours, 22 whether Paul or Apollos or Cephas or the world or life or death, or things present or things to come: all things are yours. 23 And you are of Christ, and Christ is of God.) ) Paul sternly addresses the Corinthians, for they prove to be babes in Christ because of their failure to grow spiritually. (The language he uses is reminiscent of words written by the author of the Epistle to the Hebrews [5:12 14].) Paul considers those Christians mature who, filled with the Holy Spirit, are able to give leadership in erecting God s building.) a. Mere Men) 3:1 4) 1. And I, brothers, was unable to address you as spiritual men but [address you] as men who are sensual, as babes in Christ.) a.

Address. Whenever Paul has to rebuke his readers, he always addresses them personally and as equals. The word brothers, which includes the sisters in the congregation, conveys a message of solidarity. It is a pastoral address that conveys Paul s loving concern. By contrast, the Old Testament prophets never address the readers as brothers but sternly admonish them with the words thus says the Lord. Even though Paul s message in itself is pointed, he expresses unity with the recipients of his epistle (see, e.g., 1:10, 11, 26; 2:1).) b.

Message. I & was unable to address you as spiritual men but [address you] as men who are sensual. Notice that Paul uses the past tense to indicate when he first came to the Corinthians (2:1). At that time, many of them were Gentiles who had never heard God s revelation in the Scriptures. During his first visit to Corinth, he had approached them with the gospel which they accepted in faith. But now Paul faces people who are unspiritual and sensual in their conduct.

He refers to them as mere babes in Christ. He is describing their spiritual condition at the moment he is writing his epistle. He criticizes the Corinthians for their failure to grasp the meaning of the gospel of Christ which earlier he had proclaimed to them. Consequently, he is saying that they had failed to make progress in their spiritual growth.��1��) c. Consequence. Paul implies that he cannot call them spiritual men but regards them as sensual (lit, fleshy).��2�� But if they are not spiritual (see 2:14), are they or are they not Christians?

Yes, they are Christians, because Paul addresses the entire church at Corinth, which he describes as sanctified in Christ Jesus (1:2). Next, he declares that he and the Corinthians have received the Spirit (2:13). And last, he calls the recipients brothers to strengthen the bond of unity with them (3:1). Gordon D. Fee observes, One cannot be a Christian and be devoid of [the] Spirit. On the other hand, the Corinthians are involved in a lot of unchristian behavior; in that sense they are unspiritual, not because they lack the Spirit but because they are thinking and living just like those who do. ��3��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.11-50.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Paul writes these words as a scathing rebuke. The Corinthians in general are conducting themselves as sensuous people of the world. Not only does he call them sensuous; he even uses the denigrating term babes. In a sense, Paul utters a contradiction: in an earlier statement he said: We speak wisdom, however, among those who are mature (see the commentary on 2:6), but now he describes the Corinthians as babes, albeit babes in Christ. Maturity is not attained at the end of a probationary period. Paul indicates that maturity is reached at the time of the resurrection of the dead 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.11-50.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:11 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). This means that for him, in sharp contrast to modern developmental conceptions influenced by the biological sciences, maturity is an eschatological category. ��4�� Mature Christians are those who are alive in Jesus Christ, are filled with the Holy Spirit, and seek to glorify God the Father.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Here, however, the word perfect connotes that the believer both internally and externally lives the Christian life since the time he has fully appropriated the gospel.��5�� Paul differentiates mature people from babes to spur the Corinthians to action. As babes they still consume milk instead of solid food, and thus remain beginners in the faith. They may be compared with a billionaire who lives like a pauper.) 2. I gave you milk to consume, not solid food, for you were not yet able to consume solid food. Indeed, you are still not able.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.7|AUTODETECT|” In spite of Paul s reference to babes, he continues to deal gently with the readers of his epistle 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.7|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.2|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He calls them babes in Christ. When a mother notices that her baby fails to grow physically, she becomes concerned and consults a physician. Likewise, Paul, who portrays himself as the father of the Corinthians through the gospel (4:15), is vitally interested in their spiritual growth.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.12-58.5.14|AUTODETECT|” The metaphor is interesting. Paul uses the same language as the writer of Hebrews, who also depicts his audience as babes who consume milk instead of solid food 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.12-58.5.14|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 5:12 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The author of Hebrews explains that the metaphor milk signifies the rudimentary doctrines of the Christian s faith. But Paul gives the figure of speech and fails to explain it. He leaves it to the reader s imagination to fill in the meaning of the metaphor.) 1 12 2 8 0 0 In spiritual terms, solid food consists of advanced Christian doctrine. Paul tells his readers that they were not yet ready for solid food when he was with them. At that time, he could only teach them the elementary doctrines of salvation. But now that time has elapsed, they should have been able to comprehend the advanced teachings of the Christian faith. This does not mean that his letters to the Corinthians are devoid of doctrine. On the contrary, Paul s first epistle to the Corinthians is filled with teaching concerning morality, ecclesiology, and eschatology.

Paul s comment in this verse indicates that the food he gives the Corinthians differs in form rather than content. ��6��) 3. For you are still natural. For since there is jealousy and strife among you, are you not unspiritually minded and walking in the ways of man?) a. For you are still natural. Without any attempt to temper his sentiments, Paul tells the Corinthians that they are natural, that is, unspiritual in their conduct. Other translations for this italicized word are) worldly (NIV)) of the flesh (NRSV)) natural inclinations (NJB)) in a natural condition (NAB)) not spiritually-minded (Cassirer)) on the merely natural plane (NEB)) controlled by your fallen human nature (TNT)) In the Greek, Paul uses the adjective sarkinos (fleshy) in verse 1 and the adjective sarkikos (fleshly) in verse 3.

Although the difference in both the English and the Greek is only one letter, there is a distinction in meaning. Using another example, one commentator suggests the distinction between leathern and leathery.��7�� An article made out of leather is leathern, but when it has the appearance or feel of leather the article is described as leathery. Thus, the expression fleshy (sarkinos) refers to the essence or substance of flesh while the term fleshly (sarkikos) describes its appearance and characteristics. The first term states an unchangeable substance; the second a characteristic that can be altered.) How does the word natural in this phrase differ from the word unspiritual in 2:14? Paul is saying that the Corinthians identify with the people in the world to such a degree that there is no observable difference between them in conduct. An unbeliever is unspiritual and, because the Spirit does not reside in him, has no spiritual insight.

However, the believer who is inclined to follow the ways of the world fails to grow spiritually and subsequently must be admonished to repent.��8��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|” b. For since there is jealousy and strife among you. The reason for Paul s stern rebuke lies in the fact that the Corinthians were filled with jealousy and strife 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.20|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.3.14|AUTODETECT|” ). When Clement of Rome wrote his epistle to the Corinthians near the end of the first century, fully aware of their numerous congregational problems, he frequently used the terms jealousy, envy, and strife.��9�� Choosing words that depict the life of the Corinthians, Clement notes the vices that for many decades have plagued them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.3.14|AUTODETECT|” James 3:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The Corinthians quarreled among themselves, were devoid of love for one another, and behaved like unspiritual people.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.1.3|AUTODETECT|” c. Are you not unspiritually minded and walking in the ways of man? Here is a rhetorical question that Paul poses to the Corinthians, from whom he expects a positive answer. In effect they are like unspiritual people who heed the ways of the flesh, namely, the world but not the law of God. They have received the Spirit of God (2:12) but they act as if they are people of the world. They seem to indicate that the presence of the Spirit in their lives is of no account. Their daily conduct does not distinguish them from those who are without the Spirit. And their walking in the ways of man is contrary to what the life of a believer should be 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 4. For when someone says, I am of Paul, but someone else says, I am of Apollos, are you not mere men?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.8|AUTODETECT|” Paul has come full circle by repeating the words he has heard from the members of the household of Chloe (1:12). After his greetings and words of thanksgiving at the beginning of his epistle, he then directly confronted the Corinthians concerning the divisiveness in the church. Now he takes only two of the slogans that the Corinthians uttered: I am of Paul, and I am of Apollos. The other two, I am of Cephas and I am of Christ, are not repeated. Why are these names not included? Paul and Apollos had been ministers of the gospel in the Corinthian church, but not Cephas. And, surely, even believer can claim that he belongs to Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 14:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Near the end of the chapter, however, Paul mentions three names: Paul, Apollos, and Cephas.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 The question Are you not mere men? runs parallel to the phrase in the preceding verse (v. 3): walking in the ways of man. Both phrases serve to equate the Corinthian Christians with the unspiritual people of the world. In brief, Paul compares the Christians in Corinth with their worldly counterparts.) ) Doctrinal Considerations in 3:1 4) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.0|AUTODETECT|” The Scriptures from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.0|AUTODETECT|” Genesis 1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.0|AUTODETECT|” through ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.0|AUTODETECT|” Revelation 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.1-46.3.4|AUTODETECT|” teach that there are two classes of people: believers and unbelievers.��10�� Lately, many people have introduced an extra category and speak of three divisions: the unregenerate person, the spiritual Christian, and the carnal Christian. We know that the Bible is clear on a twofold division of humanity, but can we prove that God s Word refers to a category of born-again believers who are carnal Christians? Often ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.1-46.3.4|AUTODETECT|” I Corinthians 3:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 is cited as proof.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Although Paul rebukes the Corinthians because they are mere babes in Christ and lack the maturity they should already have attained, he does not say that they are in a separate class from which they must graduate to become spiritual Christians. Paul encourages the Corinthians to grow in grace, knowledge, faith, love, and holiness.��11�� In fact, Peter also stresses the need for spiritual growth in the Christian 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.2|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.18|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 3:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.17|AUTODETECT|” Throughout his Corinthian epistles, Paul notes that the readers are spiritual Christians. He addresses them as being sanctified in Christ Jesus (1:2); he tells them that they are in Christ Jesus who is for them wisdom, that is, righteousness, holiness, and redemption (1:30); and he informs them that they have been washed, sanctified, and justified in the name of Jesus Christ (6:11). Last, Paul calls the Corinthians new creations in Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.17|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��12��) 1 18 2 8 0 0 The Christians in Corinth are spiritual people who are struggling with a behavioral problem. Paul rebukes them for their quarreling and conduct that put them on the same level as worldly people. Yet after his rebuke, he reminds them of the spiritual riches they possess in Jesus Christ (3:21 23).) ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:1 3) Verses 1 2) ������� the aorist of ������� (I am able) with the negative particle �P� communicates that Paul desires to address the Corinthians as spiritual people but is hindered from doing so by their behavior.) ��������� fleshy. Adjectives ending in ���� generally convey the meaning made of. Adjectives with the ending ���� (as in verse 3, �������� [fleshly]) generally mean like. The first category relates to material substance, the second to ethics.

Paul has deliberately chosen the reading ��������� in verse 1 and �������� in verse 3.��13��) ��� in context, the adverb is a strong adversative that signifies yes, indeed. ) Verse 3) E��� this particle does not relate to place but to extent or cause and is translated insofar as or since. ) ) ) b. God s Servants) 3:5 9) A pastor is not a minister of a particular church but rather a minister of Christ s gospel. It is Christ who sends him forth to minister as a servant to God s people. This is what both Paul and Apollos were doing in the church at Corinth. As Christ s servants (4:1), they waited for God to bless their labors.) 5. What then is Apollos and what is Paul?

They are servants through whom you became believers as the Lord has given a task to each one.) a. Question. What then is Apollos and what is Paul? ��14�� The office and not the person is important to Paul not the who but the what counts. Paul lists the names three times (vv. 4, 5, 22) but always in a different order so as to focus attention on the work which Paul and Apollos are doing and not on their personalities. The conjunction then links the question to the preceding verse (v. 4), where Paul rebuked his readers for the factionalism that prevailed in the Corinthian church. They ought not to focus attention on the persons but rather on the work these persons are performing on behalf of Christ.) In rhetorical style, Paul repeatedly asks questions that demand positive replies (see v. 4).

He himself will even supply an answer.) b. Answer. They are servants through whom you became believers. Notice that Paul calls both himself and Apollos servants to eliminate any incorrect notion that they are rival apostles who were working out their own programs; they are Christ s servants.��15�� Further, W. Harold Mare observes that Paul avoids using the first person plural, we are servants, but says only that they are servants. The point is that no Christian worker is ever to be idolized. ��16��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.10|AUTODETECT|” Next, the objective of Christ s servant is to bring people to faith in Christ. When he faithfully preaches the Word so that people believe the gospel, no one ought to extol the preacher who merely did his work 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.10|AUTODETECT|” Luke 17:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.30|AUTODETECT|” ). Only Christ should receive the glory and honor 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.30|AUTODETECT|” John 3:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Last, Paul resorts not to using the term slave but servant. The difference is that the first term pertains to the total submission one devotes to Christ. The second term relates to the service given for Christ to his church and its members.��17�� Paul is a servant of Christ s gospel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.23|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) commissioned by the Lord himself.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 c. Task. As the Lord has given a task to each one. The Lord sends his servants to perform different tasks: Paul served as an exquisite teacher and Apollos as an eloquent preacher. Paul readily admits the differences in ministry, but he objects when the Corinthians show preferences that result in factions. He wants the members of the Corinthian church to avoid jealousy and strife and promote the bond of unity, love, and fellowship.) 6.

I planted, Apollos supplied the water, but God gave the increase.) Here is an illustration taken directly from an agricultural scene, where the farmer plants seeds or seedlings. To make the seeds germinate or the plants take root, the farmer s co-worker supplies the necessary water to the field in one way or another. The farmer is expected to do all the field work in preparation for growth. This includes plowing, fertilizing, sowing or planting, watering, weeding, cultivating, and spraying. But here the activity of man must stop, for he cannot make the plants grow. Man readily admits that he is unable to control the weather.

He cannot make the sun to shine, the wind to blow, and the rain to fall. Consequently he is unable to make the plants grow and is completely dependent on God for the harvest yield. Hence, Paul adds the adversative but and says that God alone gives the increase.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.28|AUTODETECT|” Similarly, Paul preached the gospel in Corinth. He planted seeds where no one had proclaimed Christ. When he left for Ephesus a year and a half later, Corinth had a fledgling church. When Apollos came to the Corinthians, he supplied the water. He helped them by demonstrating from the Scriptures that Jesus was the Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.28|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). But all the work of both Paul and Apollos would have been in vain if God had not continued to increase the church spiritually and numerically. The Greek verbs in the text indicate that the work of Paul and Apollos was temporary but that of God is continuous. Paul and Apollos eventually left Corinth, yet God continued to enlarge the church.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 7. So then neither the one who plants nor the one who supplies the water is anything, but only God causes the increase.) Verse 7 supplies the conclusion to the preceding verse (v. 6): not man but God receives the honor and glory for the work performed in the church. Paul continues to use the imagery borrowed from agriculture by referring to the one who plants and the one who supplies the water. These two, however, do not receive credit, even though their labor is vital. God receives his full due. In the Greek, the word Theos (God) stands last in the sentence and thus receives emphasis.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.14|AUTODETECT|” Notice that in this conclusion, Paul does not mention any personal names. He is not interested in names but in results. The work of preaching and teaching the gospel that is performed everywhere can succeed only if God grants his blessing. The Corinthians must see the hand of God in the work accomplished by the ministers of the Word. The ministers are nothing in comparison to God. Should God desire to raise up a church without the aid of preachers, he could do so. But he employs ministers to effect the growth of the church 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.14|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Paul is not deprecating the work to which preachers are called. Not at all! However, he purposely omits personal names to show the readers that not the preacher but God is important.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 8. Now he that plants and he that supplies the water are one, but each one will receive his own reward according to his own labor.) a. Unity. He that plants and he that supplies the water are one. Consider two agricultural workers busy in a field. One is planting seedlings and the other follows and supplies the seedlings with water.

These two have one common objective: to see the plants grow and eventually mature for the harvest. Neither the two laborers nor the people who take notice of their work think of rivalry and contention but rather of unity and cooperation.) Paul and Apollos never thought of rivalry; instead as fellow servants of Christ they served the Corinthian church for God s glory. For this reason, Paul is able to say that the two of them are one. The number one appears in the neuter gender in Greek to indicate that both persons belong in the same category of workers in God s field.) b. Individuality. In the second half of this verse, Paul notes that individuality is a factor which God does not overlook: Each one will receive his own reward according to his own labor.

In the successive verses, Paul does not limit the application of the words each one, so that we may say that it pertains to every worker in God s kingdom. This part of the verse says that the worker toils not for his or her own glory, but for God s glory.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.14-40.25.23|AUTODETECT|” To illustrate from a parable, the recipients of the five and the two talents exerted themselves and with hard labor and keen insight doubled the amounts their master had entrusted to their care. When the master returned, the one with five talents gave the master ten and the one with two talents yielded four to his master. Each received individual praise and commendation for the work each had done 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.14-40.25.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:14 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). By committing everything to their master, the two servants exhibited unwavering devotion to him. They worked for him and not for themselves. Rewards, then, are the result of faithfulness. They are not the reason for and goal of the servants labors.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 9. For we are fellow workers for God; you are God s field, God s building.) a. For we are fellow workers for God. Does the term fellow workers denote the relationship between Paul and Apollos or the relationship between these two workers and God? The first interpretation would be translated fellow workers for God and the second fellow workers with God. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.24|AUTODETECT|” In favor of the first interpretation is the conjunction for that links the preceding verse (v. 8) to the first part of this verse. Paul is saying that Apollos and he are not working for themselves but work for God.��18�� They are workers in the service of God, and are God s paid servants, rather than his colleagues. ��19�� From another perspective, the expression fellow worker is linked in other passages to nouns that convey the objective idea. For instance, Paul writes, but we are fellow workers for your joy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.24|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.23|AUTODETECT|” ) and Titus is my partner and a fellow worker for you 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.23|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 8:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; and see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.15|AUTODETECT|” The second interpretation is, We also work together with God. ��20�� This translation is acceptable as long as the concept of equal partnership is ruled out. God and man are never equals in the proclamation of the gospel, for man is merely an instrument in God s hand and works not next to him but for him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Many translators present the genitive case in the possessive form (we are God s fellow workers) and leave unanswered the question of interpretation. Gordon D. Fee observes that the emphatic position of the form God s, which occurs three times in this verse, suggests the possessive idea. He concludes that the argument of the whole paragraph emphasizes their unity in fellow labor under God. ��21�� Nonetheless, the threefold repetition of the word God in verse 9 does not exclude the possibility that the first use is the objective . This possibility is buttressed by two factors: the shift from the first person plural we to the second person plural you makes it probable; the preceding verses (vv. 7 and 8) make it plausible because God is the agent.) b. You are God s field, God s building.

Paul switches from the ministers to the people, from the we to the you. In the Greek, he places the pronoun you at the end of the sentence for emphasis. Also, he continues to use the imagery of a field.��22�� Is this field to be considered active in the sense that it produces a crop? Or is it considered passive as, for instance, when it is being cultivated? The second interpretation seems to fit the context better than the first. That is, by preaching the gospel Paul and Apollos cultivated the Corinthians, whom Paul calls God s field.

The Corinthians have to understand that ministers labor in the church not for themselves but for the Lord. From this it follows that the Corinthians were wrong in yielding themselves to men, when, by right, they belong to God alone. ��23��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.19-49.2.22|AUTODETECT|” From agricultural imagery, Paul turns to an architectural metaphor. [You are] God s building. Just as a field is being cultivated, so a building is in the process of being erected. The builders do their work for the Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.19-49.2.22|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:19 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.5|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 17 2 8 0 0 ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:5 9) Verse 5) �� & �� the Majority Text opts for the masculine ��� (who?) in both instances instead of the neuter �� (what?). Despite the early manuscript attestation for the masculine, the context demands the neuter interrogative pronoun. Moreover, the implication of the neuter �� in ver[se] 7 is decisive for �� in ver[se] 5 . ��24��) ������ & ������ the Textus Receptus (KJV, NKJV) has reversed the order of these two names, probably to follow the sequence in the preceding verse (v. 4). The better witnesses, however, support the sequence given here.) ��� the conjunction should be understood as an explanation, in the sense of that is to say. ��25��) Verses 6 7) �T����� the imperfect of the verb �P���� (I cause to grow) differs in tense from the other two verbs (to plant and to water) in verse 6. These two verbs are in the aorist. Man s work (planting and watering) is a single occurrence, but God s work (causing the increase) continues unabated.) e��� this inferential particle signifies and so, accordingly (see v. 21).��26��) Verses 8 9) 4���� & 4��� the adjective depicts the particularity or individuality of the person.) ���� & ���� �������� the genitive case in this particular phrase is objective .��27��) �������� this noun refers to a field that is being tilled or cultivated.) ) ) c. Builders for God) 3:10 15) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.20|AUTODETECT|” Paul repeatedly uses the image of the building trade in his epistles. He presents Christians as God s building (vv. 9, 16) and notes that Christ is their one foundation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.20|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.29|AUTODETECT|” ). He describes the spiritual life of believers as a building process 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.29|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.11|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.22|AUTODETECT|” ). And he reveals that Christians are being built together in Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.22|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 10. According to the grace of God given to me, as a wise master builder I laid a foundation, and another is building on it. But let each one take care how he builds on it.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.15|AUTODETECT|” a. According to the grace of God given to me. Before Paul continues with his building motif, he acknowledges the grace he received from God. He did not claim to belong to the closed group of the twelve apostles, and he had not received the daily teaching Jesus gave them. Paul was called sometime after Jesus ascension and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. He knew himself to be the last person to whom Jesus appeared, as to one abnormally born (15:8). Yet he was called to be an apostle. And this calling Paul considered a divine act of grace for which he repeatedly gave thanks in his epistles 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.15|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 15:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.7-49.3.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.7-49.3.8|AUTODETECT|” 7 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 In all humility, Paul attributes his position as an apostle to the grace God had given him. Hence, before he even states that he is the master builder of the Corinthian church, he precludes any hint of arrogance on his part when he calls himself wise.��28�� He mentions that he is a builder by the grace of God.) b. As a wise master builder I laid a foundation, and another is building on it. Paul employs terms which were familiar to those Corinthians who knew the building trade, especially the construction of temples. He gives himself the title master builder, which pertained to the contractor who supervised the work of numerous subcontractors. The master builder was responsible for the daily supervision of the individual builders. Likewise, Paul had the task of overseeing the work performed by his fellow laborers who were building a spiritual temple in Corinth.��29��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.4-44.18.5|AUTODETECT|” Paul presents himself as a wise, skillful master builder. Before his helpers Silas and Timothy arrived 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.4-44.18.5|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:4 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), Paul had worked out a building plan to lay the foundation for the structure. Paul, then, is not only the architect but also the contractor who with his subcontractors builds the edifice. Further, Paul refers not to individual Christians who constitute the church but to the spiritual church itself.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.10-46.3.15|AUTODETECT|” The clause and another is building on it should not be understood negatively, as if Apollos received undue praise and approbation in Corinth. By no means! Paul laid the foundation, while the superstructure was built by others including Apollos. Indeed the term master builder precludes all negative criticism relative to the formation of the Corinthian church, for Paul is in charge. Paul and his fellow workers serve only one purpose, namely, the spiritual building of the church. When Paul writes the verb to build, he discloses the continual work of edifying the body of Christ. The Christian community is built up together in the co-operation of all the participants 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.10-46.3.15|AUTODETECT|” 1 Cor. 3:10 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.20|AUTODETECT|” ), and in the unity with apostles and prophets 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.20|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), to become the one holy community of the Lord. ��30��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.20|AUTODETECT|” c. But let each one take care how he builds on it. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.20|AUTODETECT|” Romans 15:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 Paul says, It has always been my ambition to preach the gospel where Christ was not known, so that I would not be building on someone else s foundation. In his epistle to the Romans Paul notes his own practice (not to build on someone s foundation), but here in Corinth he is the master builder who employs many people to erect a structure on the foundation he himself laid down.) 1 11 2 8 0 0 In the last part of this verse, Paul exhorts the builders to produce quality craftsmanship. He wants the best performance from every worker. As he himself set the example, so he expects that all those who build on his foundation will adopt his work ethic. Their task is to edify the individual members of the church through the faithful teaching and preaching of Christ s gospel.) 11. For no one is able to lay down a foundation other than the one that is already laid, namely, Jesus Christ.) a. Proper foundation.

For emphasis the word foundation is first in this verse. Every house and every building needs a solid foundation. Should significant rifts and cracks occur in walls constructed on a solid base, they can never be traced to a faulty substructure. The blame then must be attributed to careless work performed by the builders of the superstructure.) What was the foundation that Paul through the grace of God laid down in Corinth? It was Christ s gospel. With divine assistance, Paul performed yeoman s work when he brought the gospel to a pagan city known everywhere for its immorality.

The Corinthians heard the good news of salvation through Jesus Christ: the coming in the flesh of the Son of God; the suffering, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus; and the reality of forgiveness and restoration for everyone who accepts Christ in true faith. The person and work of Jesus Christ revealed in the Scriptures is the true foundation on which the church is built. Paul expects the ministers of Christ s gospel to build the church and to do so faithfully in harmony with that gospel.) b. False basis. Paul warns the Corinthians that no one is able to lay down a foundation other than the one that is already laid. With his warning, let each one take care how he builds on it (v. 10b), he alerts the builders that their work will be judged.��31�� No worker in the service of the Lord can teach and preach with impunity a gospel that is contrary to Christ s gospel.

No one can lay down another foundation to replace the one God himself has put in place, for he will utterly fail. No theologian can change the gospel without incurring God s wrath (compare v. 17). The apostles received this gospel from Jesus, proclaimed it to both Jew and Gentile, and then handed it down to posterity as a sacred deposit. Conclusively, the church rests on no other basis than Christ s revelation.) Paul undoubtedly was opposing some people who were actively trying to change the foundation on which the congregation in Corinth was built.) 12. Now if anyone builds upon the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay or straw, 13. the work of each one will become evident; for the day will bring it to light, because with fire it will be revealed. And the fire will test what kind of work each one has performed.) a.

Now if anyone builds upon the foundation. Paul is not speaking of the substructure but of the superstructure, the building that is being erected by workers in God s church. The phrase now if anyone is sufficiently broad to include every person who is actively working on behalf of the Lord. In other words, the term anyone is not restricted to preachers and teachers of the gospel. Every believer ought to build a structure on the foundation of God s Word.) b. With gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw.

Paul s figure of speech should not be either interpreted literally, understood allegorically, or applied incorrectly. With the metaphor he intends to say that the superstructure must correspond to the substructure. The materials used to build the structure must match the preciousness and durability of the foundation.) If the foundation that God has laid is his revelation in Jesus Christ, then the edifice should reflect that revelation in every phase of its construction. Paul mentions six commodities, which he presents in descending order of significance. Of the six, gold is the most precious and straw the least. Temples in the ancient world were constructed with marble and adorned with gold and silver.

Ordinary houses were built with wood and bricks mixed with hay or straw. Obviously, no one builds an entire house of gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw. These materials alone do not lend themselves to building a complete house.) However, Paul uses the imagery to show what people do with God s revelation in Jesus Christ. Some live by that Word, apply it to their daily lives, and develop spiritually as they seek to edify themselves and fellow believers. These people are vitally interested in sound doctrine and the pure preaching of [God s] Word. ��32�� They build their spiritual houses with the precious metals and stones of the living Word. Others lead shallow lives with a veneer of Christianity; they seem to be satisfied with living in ordinary houses made of wood, hay, and straw.��33��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.14-40.25.30|AUTODETECT|” c. The work of each one will become evident. Here is the conclusion to the first clause of the conditional sentence that Paul began in verse 12. He interrupts the metaphor of building to call attention not to the collective work of the church but to the work of each believer. Each person will have to give an account of what he or she has done with God s revelation in his Son. As in the parable of the talents or the pounds each servant had to appear before the master 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.14-40.25.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:14 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.11-42.19.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.11-42.19.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 19:11 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.11-66.20.15|AUTODETECT|” ), so everyone individually will stand before the Lord at the time of judgment 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.11-66.20.15|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 20:11 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.12|AUTODETECT|” With the future tense, Paul warns the Corinthians of a time when the work of each one of them will be made visible. The books will be opened and everyone will be judged according to the works that have been recorded 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.12|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 20:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Man s work may be concealed at present but, according to Paul, the day of an open display will come soon. This display will reveal everything one has done or failed to do for Christ.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 d. For the day will bring it to light. The reference is to the day of judgment, to which Paul repeatedly alludes.��34�� The direct object of the verb to bring to light is the noun work in the previous clause. The final judgment day��35�� will reveal the works of everyone.) e. Because with fire it will be revealed. The wording of this particular clause causes exegetical problems, for the verb will be revealed does not have a subject.

In translation we supply a subject, it, but do not indicate whether it alludes to either the day of judgment or the work of persons. If translators choose the first term, the text reads, That day will make its appearance with fire (NAB). If they choose the second term, we have this reading: For on that Day fire will reveal everyone s work (GNB).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Both translations are appealing, but scholars favor the first choice in view of evidence from parallel texts. For instance, Paul writes about the second coming of Christ and states that this will happen when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven in blazing fire 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). In addition, if the second choice is adopted, the next clause is practically identical. And last, if the term work is the subject, it seems incongruous to say that fire will reveal everyone s work and then read that anyone s work shall be burned up (v. 15). Revealing someone s work is not quite the same as destroying it by fire. The better choice is to regard the expression day as the subject and to understand the verb to be revealed as a reflexive: the day will reveal itself with fire. ) 1 4 2 8 0 0 f. And the fire will test what kind of work each one has performed. Paul does not necessarily equate work with a building. From a spiritual point of view, the testing by fire does not determine the eternal destiny of the Corinthians (compare v. 15); rather, it determines whether or not they shall receive rewards within the context of salvation. ��36��) What are the determining factors in this testing process? They are faith in Jesus Christ (see v. 5) and the presence of the Holy Spirit in the hearts of the believers (v. 16; 6:19).��37�� Rewards are based on active obedience to Christ and realized in a humble spirit of thankfulness.) 14. If anyone s work which he has built is to remain, he shall receive a reward. 15.

If anyone s work shall be burned up, he will suffer loss; but he himself shall be saved, and thus as through fire.) a. First condition. Paul concludes this part of the discourse and he does so with two conditional sentences. We begin with the first one: If anyone s work which he has built is to remain. This part of the statement introduces the concept permanency. Listening carefully to Paul s discussion on building a structure, we notice that he equates the foundation of the structure to Jesus Christ (vv. 10 11).

He urges the Corinthians to take care how they build on this foundation. If the foundation is priceless, so he reasons, the building also should be invaluable. The durable materials in the building (gold, silver, and precious stones) are a suitable complement to the costly foundation in Jesus Christ. The faithful worker in the church sets far-reaching goals, uses expensive materials, and takes pride in quality workmanship. The age-old anecdote of the bricklayer is fitting: A passerby saw two masons laying bricks. He asked the one what he was doing and received the curt reply, Can t you see, I am laying bricks!

The other, when asked what he was doing, looked up and with pride in his voice exclaimed, Sir, I am building a cathedral! ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.17.10|AUTODETECT|” The conclusion to the first conditional statement is that a diligent worker shall receive a reward. Here Paul repeats what he wrote in verse 8, each one will receive his own reward. How does Paul use the word reward in this epistle? Paul says that he preaches the gospel but refuses to accept remuneration for his work, even though the Lord directed those who preach the gospel to get their living from the gospel (9:14). Paul refuses to be obliged to anyone; he reasons that a reward must be given for something that is done on a voluntary basis.��38�� Rewards are given only for work we are not obliged to do, else they are earned as payment for good works. Paul is not telling the Corinthians to earn credit for work accomplished for the Lord.

On the contrary, he himself joyfully exclaims that his work is performed by the grace of God given to [him] (v. 10). The Christian ought not to live for recompense but for grace and mercy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.10|AUTODETECT|” Luke 17:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Then the Lord will crown the toil of the believer with indispensable blessings and even praise the diligent worker (4:5). Thus the faithful Christian will receive his rewards.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 b. Second condition. If anyone s work shall be burned up, he will suffer loss. This is the other side of the proverbial coin. A raging fire destroys all combustible material, including wood, hay, and straw. When the fire burns out, the loss of possessions is evident. It is easy to limit the verse (v. 15) to those preachers of the gospel who are negligent in their task and see their work vanish. But the text applies to every believer and thus serves as a warning never to become negligent but to labor diligently for the cause of the Lord.��39��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.21-40.7.23|AUTODETECT|” But he himself shall be saved, and thus as through fire. In spite of the loss which the neglectful believer sustains, God graciously grants him the gift of salvation. John Albert Bengel graphically describes the concept salvation by comparing the sinner who is saved through fire with a shipwrecked merchant [who], at the loss of merchandise and gain, is saved through the waves. ��40�� This is not to say that everyone who performs the work that Christ assigns to him will be saved 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.21-40.7.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:21 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ). Salvation is God s gracious act through Christ s atoning work on the cross. No one enters heaven on the basis of good works, for the Lord says that the high priest Joshua who is accused by Satan is a burning stick snatched from the fire 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=65.1.23|AUTODETECT|” Jude 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 9 2 8 0 0 ) Practical Considerations in 3:10 12) When a person who practices medicine or law opens an office in a given location, more often than not he or she will stay in that place until retirement. The doctor or lawyer serves the community and generally feels no need to move to other areas.) On the average, a pastor moves every four or five years. When he reaches retirement, he has usually served in half a dozen churches. During his earlier years in the ministry, he normally relocates once every four years and in his later ministry he usually stays a decade or more in a given congregation. Few are the pastors who fill a single pulpit for twenty-five, thirty, or even forty years. When a minister stays in one church longer than two decades, people begin to identify the congregation by his name.

Then the preacher tends to become the only driving force in his congregation with the result that the congregation may splinter when the pastor retires or dies.) Some churches have flourished during long pastorates while others have enjoyed a variety of gifts and talents of pastors who served for shorter durations. All churches, however, should be built not on the name and talents of a single pastor but on the solid foundation of Jesus Christ. When this happens, the church remains strong and continues to flourish. As pastors come and pastors go, the church built on Jesus Christ endures to the end of time.) ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:10 15) Verses 10 11) ��� ���� some manuscripts lack the words of God, which probably were eliminated because they also occur in the preceding verse (v. 9). Their absence can be explained more easily than their presence. Applying the rule that the harder reading is the more original, we accept the words as genuine.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.2|AUTODETECT|” ���� this preposition can mean contrary to, other than, or beyond 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.2|AUTODETECT|” Luke 13:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.5|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 14:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��41��) 1 14 2 8 0 0 Verses 12 13) �0 the particle introduces a simple fact condition, which has its first part in verse 12 and its concluding part in the first clause of verse 13. Paul is observing conditions in the Corinthian church and is stating fact, not probability.) ������ Paul stresses individual responsibility by using the adjective each four times in six verses (vv. 8, 10, 13 [twice]).) ������������ the present tense of the verb ��������� (I reveal) can be either passive or middle . Here the middle is an appropriate translation with the noun day as its subject.) Verses 14 5) �4 ����� �x ���� these two phrases in verses 14 and 15 are identical, but the verbs will remain and shall be burned are opposites. The conditional clauses express reality with their conclusions denoting reward and loss.) ������������ the future passive from the verb ������ (I suffer loss, forfeit) relates to someone who experiences a loss or is punished by a fine. The concept loss is the better of the two interpretations.) ��p ����� the preposition with the genitive conveys the idea of passing between, through. ��42��) ) ) d. God s Temple) 3:16 17) Paul continues the imagery of buildings, but now reveals that he is not speaking of an ordinary structure that serves the workmen who construct it.

He calls attention to God s temple (compare v. 9), which is holy. If anyone contemplates destroying that temple, he encounters God as his enemy and will face utter destruction.) 16. Do you not know that you are the temple of God and the Spirit of God lives within you?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.16|AUTODETECT|” a. Do you not know? The question Paul poses is a rebuke to the Corinthians. He scolds them for not knowing their own status and place in relation to God. They should have realized when they became Christians that the Holy Spirit dwelled within them and stayed with them. Elsewhere in his writings, Paul states pointedly, We are the temple of the living God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.16|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.21|AUTODETECT|” ), and The whole building & develops into a holy temple in the Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.21|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Now he chides the Corinthians for their negligence and slothfulness in not using the knowledge they possess (1:5; 8:1).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The verb to know in Greek signifies inherent knowledge the believers ought to possess. They know that they are the temple of God. Yet Paul does not reveal how they came to develop this knowledge. He takes for granted that they are able to marshal this information.��43��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.16-11.8.20|AUTODETECT|” b. That you are the temple of God. The wording in this clause is unique for two reasons: first, the expression temple is in the singular (see 6:19) and, second, in the Greek this noun is not preceded by a definite article. The Greek word for temple is naos, which refers to the actual temple and not to the temple complex (known in Greek as hieron). In his epistles, Paul nearly always writes naos, the word for the actual temple, to indicate that God caused the divine name to dwell there 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.16-11.8.20|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 8:16 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��44��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.18|AUTODETECT|” For Paul and the Corinthians, the temple of God is the church, that is, the body of believers. Even though Paul himself fulfilled a vow 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.18|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.23-44.21.26|AUTODETECT|” ) and presented offerings at the temple in Jerusalem 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.23-44.21.26|AUTODETECT|” Acts 21:23 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ), for him the spiritual temple was the universal church. He also knew that when the church fails to listen to God s Word, the evil one gradually takes control and seeks to fulfill his desire to reside in that temple 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.4|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 However, that temple belongs not to Satan but to God. Paul purposely omits the definite article before the noun naos to indicate the absolute use of that word. In his mind, there is no other temple than the church of Jesus Christ where the Godhead is pleased to dwell. If there is no other temple, there is no need to use the definite article.) c. The Spirit of God lives within you. The church is holy because God s Spirit dwells in the hearts and lives of the believers. In 6:19 Paul indicates that the Holy Spirit lives in the physical bodies of the believers. But now he tells the Corinthians that the presence of the Spirit is within them and they are the temple of God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.9|AUTODETECT|” The Corinthians should know that they have received the gift of God s Spirit. Paul had already called attention to the fact that they had not received the spirit of the world but the Spirit of God (2:12). He teaches that Christians are controlled not by sinful human nature but by the Spirit of God, who is dwelling within them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.9|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.30|AUTODETECT|” The behavior strife, jealousy, immorality, and permissiveness of the Christians in Corinth was reprehensible. By their conduct the Corinthians were desecrating God s temple and, as Paul writes in another epistle, were grieving the Holy Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.30|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.19|AUTODETECT|” ; compare ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.19|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 17. If anyone destroys the temple of God, God will destroy him; for the temple of God is holy and that is what you are.) a. Condition. If anyone destroys the temple of God, God will destroy him. In fact, Paul is saying that the factors that can destroy God s temple are present when he is writing his epistle to the Corinthians. Without identifying them by name, he points to those who are devoid of God s Spirit. They are purposely ruining, corrupting, and destroying the church. They influence the members as they model their worldly way of life.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.2.8|AUTODETECT|” In the Greek, the verb destroy appears twice: it is the last word of the first clause and the first word of the second clause. An English translation cannot convey the emphasis of the original construction, but Paul emphasizes that the church is God s temple; whoever seeks to destroy that temple either by doctrine or by way of life will incur God s wrath. In short, God will destroy him. This is not only the law of retribution a person gets what he deserves but also the implied notice that the church is the apple of God s eye 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Whoever touches the church touches God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.14-47.6.16|AUTODETECT|” b. Reason. For the temple of God is holy and that is what you are. Why does God protect his church and destroy his enemies? The church belongs to God and is separated from the world 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.14-47.6.16|AUTODETECT|” II Cor 6:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.27|AUTODETECT|” ). In Jesus Christ, the church is holy and as such stands before God without wrinkle or spot 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.27|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Paul becomes personal with the Corinthians and firmly states that they are indeed the holy temple of God. Despite their sins, these believers have been sanctified in Christ and have been called to be holy (1:2). The church is holy because God is holy. A seventeenth-century confession of faith declares:) 1 32 2 8 0 0 This church has existed) from the beginning of the world) and will last until the end.) That appears from the fact) that Christ is the eternal King,) from which it follows) that he cannot be without subjects.) And this holy church is preserved by God) against the rage of the whole world.) It shall never be destroyed) even though for a while) it may appear very small) and may even seem to be snuffed out.��45��) ) Practical Considerations in 3:16 17) When the Israelites constructed a tabernacle in the desert and in later years a temple in Jerusalem, they were the laughingstock of the nations. They were asked: Where is your God? They had to tell the scoffers that the structure contained no idols. In the temple dwelled the Name of God. By contrast, the temples of the Gentiles had idols that represented their gods.) When Paul taught the Corinthian believers that they were the temple of God, the unbelievers in Corinth were perplexed; they were unable to understand that a group of Christians could call themselves a temple and claim that the Spirit of God was dwelling within them. The Gentiles had difficulty perceiving a temple without a building.

They were unable to comprehend how the Christian s invisible God could inhabit a visible human body.) Churches whose spiritual and historical roots are in the Reformation period of the sixteenth century have edifices for worship that are simple and seemingly empty. Apart from pulpit, pews, a baptismal font or baptistry, and a communion table, the building is empty. True, but on the pulpit in full view of any worshiper is the open Bible. The people worship God by receiving and responding to the proclamation of the Word. They worship not the Word but God who is addressing them through the Scriptures.) ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:16 17) ���� the temple. The noun is without a definite article; it is the only one of its kind��46�� and used in the absolute sense of the word.

In verse 17, the noun appears twice with the article, but here the article has the connotation this or the previously mentioned.) ������ the future indicative of the verb ������ (I destroy) has a variant reading in the present tense �������, which probably became present indicative because of the same word immediately preceding it.) ) ) e. Warning and Conclusion) 3:18 23) Paul has come to the conclusion of his discourse on the tension in the Corinthian church. He has reminded the believers of the spiritual riches they possess, especially those in Christ and in the Holy Spirit. Now he issues them a stern warning not to become wise in their own eyes, for that is foolishness to God. Rather, they should become fully aware of their possessions, for all things are theirs in Christ.) 18. Let no one deceive himself.

If any of you thinks that he is wise in this age, let him become foolish that he may become wise.) a. Let no one deceive himself. We would have expected Paul to formulate a conclusion to the immediately preceding discussion on the foundation, building, and temple of God. Instead he warns his readers of self-deception, which Paul says is actually occurring in the Corinthian church. Paul intends to alert readers to the danger of falling away from the true teaching of God s Word. Both Paul and James repeatedly utter the admonition: Do not be deceived. ��47�� Self-deception occurs when a person tries to justify his thoughts, words, and actions and refuses to admit that he is wrong.

What, then, is this self-deception? Paul explains in the next sentence.) b. If any of you thinks that he is wise in this age. First, Paul addresses everyone in the Corinthian church, teachers and learners, leaders and laity, members and adherents. Notice that he once again resorts to using the phrase if any of you (see vv. 12, 17) in his address to the readers.) Next, instead of referring to the imagery borrowed from agriculture and the building trade, Paul reverts to an earlier discussion on wisdom (1:20 25; 2:6; see also 4:10). Although he seems to perplex the readers by going back to earlier remarks, he makes these comments on wisdom fundamental to everything else.

The Corinthians were deceiving themselves because they were enthralled by worldly wisdom.) Third, Paul specifies that the wisdom that seduces the believers has its origin in this age. The wisdom of the world manifests itself in people who want to be independent, govern their own lives, and manage their own affairs rather than submit to the lordship of Christ.��48��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.44|AUTODETECT|” c. Let him become foolish that he may become wise. This statement tells the Corinthian Christians that they must take a one-hundred-eighty-degree turn. They should reject worldly wisdom and become fools in the eyes of the world. The Corinthians must see the contrast between Christianity and the world and then accept the label fool. Here are one or two examples of Christian foolishness. Christians obey Jesus command to love their enemies 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.44|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.30|AUTODETECT|” ). The world, however, prescribes the motto get even. Jesus teaches his followers to give liberally to anyone in need 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.30|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.38|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.38|AUTODETECT|” 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The world, however, suggests the implementation of the rules of individuality: what is mine is mine. To the world, Jesus teachings are foolish. But Paul tells his readers that if they become foolish in the eyes of the world, they will become wise in the sight of God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Paul s objective is to have the Corinthians follow the precepts of Christ s gospel. They must be led by the Lord and be completely dependent on him for heavenly wisdom 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.5|AUTODETECT|” James 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.3.17|AUTODETECT|” ). The Christian who listens obediently to the voice of the Lord humbly performs deeds that emanate from a wise and understanding heart. Such a person possesses heavenly wisdom that is pure, & peace-loving, considerate, submissive, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial and sincere 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.3.17|AUTODETECT|” James 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 6 2 8 0 0 19. For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God, for it is written,) He catches the wise in their craftiness. ) 20. And again,) The Lord knows the thoughts of the wise,) that they are empty. ) In this summary, Paul repeats the thoughts he expressed earlier when he asked: Has not God made foolish the wisdom of this world? (1:20). The phrase of this world parallels the phrase in this age (v. 18), and these two expressions also appear in Paul s discourse on wisdom and folly (1:20). Because the contrast between the world and the Christian community is the heart of this matter, Paul deems it necessary to reiterate his teaching on the wisdom of the world. He looks at worldly wisdom from God s point of view and declares it folly. In the words of Charles Hodge, Even truth or true knowledge becomes folly, if employed to accomplish an end for which it is not adapted. ��49��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.29.14|AUTODETECT|” Moreover, Paul bases his teaching on the Scriptures. Earlier he quoted from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.29.14|AUTODETECT|” Isaiah 29:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (1:19); now he turns first to the Book of Job and then to the psalter to show that God despises wisdom that originates in the heart of man.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.5.13|AUTODETECT|” The first quotation (v. 19) is Paul s literal translation from the Hebrew text of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.5.13|AUTODETECT|” Job 5:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .��50�� It is part of a lengthy speech which Eliphaz the Temanite addresses to Job. Eliphaz compares God to a hunter as he catches Job in his craftiness. In a sense, this quotation is taken out of context, but Paul has chosen it because of the keyword wise. Nevertheless, the text applies directly to the wise people of Paul s day who craftily scheme to further the cause of their worldly wisdom. This is a wisdom without God. But God catches the wise in their own craftiness and turns their wisdom into folly. Man s ability to reason cannot stand up against divine sovereignty. ��51��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.94.11|AUTODETECT|” The second quotation (v. 20), taken from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.94.11|AUTODETECT|” Psalms 94:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.94.0|AUTODETECT|” , is purposely adapted to the present context. A translation from Hebrew reads: The Lord knows the thoughts of man; he knows that they are futile. Paul relies on the text of the Septuagint (Ps. 93:11, LXX), which has the plural men. By replacing the words of the men with of the wise, Paul alters the text and at the same time interprets it.��52�� He changes the wording but not the meaning. Once more the keyword is wise, even though Paul had to substitute it for the word men. Yet the context of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.94.0|AUTODETECT|” Psalms 94) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.94.7|AUTODETECT|” speaks of the foolish reasoning of arrogant men who oppress and kill the innocent. They boast that they are safe because the Lord neither sees nor pays attention 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.94.7|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 94:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” ). These people resemble those who oppose God with worldly wisdom. Their thoughts are fully known to the Lord, for nothing is hidden from him. The Lord declares that man s thoughts are empty; that is, the opinions of the wise are futile and useless 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 The two citations from the Old Testament have the Lord God as subject and the wise, who are fools in the sight of God, as object. In the first quote, the wise are like a bird caught in a net; they are unable to escape. In the second, even before they are able to formulate their thoughts, God already declares their deliberations useless. Whoever seeks to oppose God with human wisdom inevitably loses.) 21. So then let no one boast in men. For all things are yours, 22. whether Paul or Apollos or Cephas or the world or life or death, or things present or things to come: all things are yours.) a.

So then let no one boast in men. Paul writes a summary statement based on the preceding passage (vv. 18 20): He exhorts the Corinthians not to boast in fellow men. Because he uses the imperative of the verb, a few translators render the sentence No more boasting about men! (NIV; with variations, NEB, TNT).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.9.24|AUTODETECT|” The point of Paul s directive is to not boast in men, be they Paul, Apollos, or Cephas. In 1:31, Paul quoted from the Scriptures to bolster his argument and said: Let him who boasts boast in the Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.9.24|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 9:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.24.1|AUTODETECT|” ). Now he gives the negative side of the same exhortation by telling the readers not to glory in the achievements of human beings. God grants his bountiful gifts to his people, and in their complete dependence on him they are unable to boast in themselves. They must acknowledge that God, not man, rules the world and everything in it. The psalmist professed that the earth belongs to God and everything that is in it belongs to him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.24.1|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 24:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Therefore, all praise and honor are due his name.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 b. For all things are yours. Suddenly Paul shifts the focus of his concluding remarks. He turns from a negative exhortation to a positive assertion that all things belong to the Corinthians. Although the saying All things are yours was a Stoic proverb The wise man & is lord over all that comes to him from without ��53�� Paul removes it from its philosophical context and relates it to Jesus Christ. God s people must see Christ s handiwork in every aspect of creation; they should glorify him for everything he has made and constantly upholds by his power.

By using the expression all things, Paul includes the ministry of those who preach and teach the gospel. Thus he exhorts the Corinthians to see that the Lord gives them everything, both spiritual and material. God s people indeed possess all things.) c. Whether Paul or Apollos or Cephas or the world or life or death, or things present or things to come. Now Paul begins to enumerate the categories that pertain to the expression all things. He repeats the names Paul, Apollos, and Cephas from his earlier discussion (1:12).

These men are Christ s servants sent out to minister to the spiritual needs of God s people. In a sense, then, Paul can say to the Corinthians: We are yours. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.38|AUTODETECT|” Rather abruptly, Paul speaks of the world, life, death, the present, and the future. Gordon D. Fee comments, These five items & are the ultimate tyrannies of human existence, to which people are in lifelong bondage as slaves. ��54�� But Paul says that all things belong to the believers, because they are not slaves but possessors. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.38|AUTODETECT|” Romans 8:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 Paul also mentions death, life, the present, and the future.)) 1 1 2 8 0 0 In what respect does a believer possess the categories Paul has enumerated? The word world should be understood in relation to Jesus Christ, who made the world, redeemed it, upholds it, and appoints his people to be his stewards in it. Indeed, this world redeemed by Christ is the Christian s workshop. And in that workshop he glorifies his Lord, for he knows that through Christ the world belongs to him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10|AUTODETECT|” The next two words, life and death, also refer to Jesus Christ. He is both the giver of life and the conqueror of death. The life of Christ is given to believers by the gospel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.2|AUTODETECT|” ) and by the Holy Spirit, who delivers them from death 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.10-45.6.11|AUTODETECT|” ). Paul eloquently writes about the defeat of death. A typical passage from one of Paul s epistles illustrates: The death [Christ] died, he died to sin once for all; but the life he lives, he lives to God. In the same way, count yourselves dead to sin, but alive to God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.10-45.6.11|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:10 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” ).��55�� And last, Christians possess the present, in which God rules. Nothing happens by chance, but rather all things (e.g., health and sickness, joy and woe) come from his hand. In respect to the future, Christians place their trust and confidence in Jesus Christ, for nothing can separate them from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 d. All things are yours. For the second time Paul affirms that Christians possess all things. However, this statement, which in Greek consists of two words (all yours), is directly linked to Christ. Paul continues and says,) 23. And you are of Christ, and Christ is of God.) The first part of this verse conveys the information that the Corinthians belong to Jesus Christ.

He gave his life for them, sanctified them, and invited them to have fellowship with him. They have their life and possessions only through him. Hence they live for Christ, whose they are and whom they serve, and not for parties within the church. Let no one individually say, I am of Christ (1:12), for as a body they all belong to Christ. With this summary, Paul effectively puts an end to the factionalism in the church.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.8|AUTODETECT|” Sixteenth-century theologian Zacharias Ursinus posed the pertinent question, What is your only comfort in life and death? And he replied to his own query, That I am not my own, but belong body and soul, in life and death to my faithful Savior Jesus Christ. ��56�� With Paul Christians are able to say, If we live, we live to the Lord; and if we die, we die to the Lord. So, whether we live or die, we belong to the Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 14:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|” ; see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 19 2 8 0 0 The second part of the verse is a theological statement: And Christ is of God. Christ has been sent forth by God to accomplish his mediatorial work in this world. Through Christ, God is the ultimate source of life for all his people. Christ is subject to God the Father, as Paul explains elsewhere in this epistle: The Son himself shall be subjected to the one who subjected all things to him so that God may be all in all (15:28, author s translation). Christians possess all things in Christ, who derives all things from God.) ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:18 21) Verses 18 19) �������� the present imperative active, third person singular, from the verb ������� (I deceive). This verb appears only in Paul s epistles.��57�� The usual verb is ������, which occurs numerous times throughout the New Testament.) ����� the impersonal form of the verb ����� (I think, seem), which in this instance means think. ) ���� with the dative, the preposition metaphorically means in the sight of God. ��58��) Verse 21) e��� this particle introduces the present imperative middle �������� (let no one boast).

It serves as an inferential particle and means so then or therefore. ) � followed by the dative plural ��������, the preposition signifies with reference to. ) Summary of Chapter 3) Paul lists an additional reason for preaching the gospel to the Corinthians: he considers them worldly people who are only infants in Christ. Their jealousy, strife, and divisions reveal their worldliness and lack of maturity. He tells them that Apollos and Paul are servants sent by the Lord to bring them to believe. Paul planted the seed, Apollos supplied water, but God caused growth. Everyone fulfills a task and receives a reward, but God controls workers and fields.) Switching metaphors, Paul writes that builders erect edifices for which they use gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw. Paul likens himself to a master builder who laid a foundation, and that foundation is Jesus Christ.

Upon him others are building the church. The labors of every person will be tested by fire to determine the quality of workmanship. Each one will either receive a reward or suffer a loss.) The Corinthians ought to know that they are God s temple in which his Spirit dwells. Should anyone destroy this temple, God will destroy him.) Paul concludes his discourse with an admonition not to be deceived by the standards of the world. Worldly wisdom is foolishness in God s sight, a point Paul proves by quoting from two Old Testament passages. He urges his readers not to boast in men, but to realize that in Christ they possess all things.

They belong to Christ, and Christ is of God.) ) ) ) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.1-46.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 1 Compare James Francis, As Babes in Christ Some Proposals Regarding ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.1-46.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 1 Corinthians 3.1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , JSNT 7 (1980): 41 57.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 2 Compare Bauer, p. 743; Thayer, p. 569.pp) 3 Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians, New International Commentary on the New Testament series (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1987), p. 123; D. A. Carson, The Cross and Christian Ministry (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1993), pp. 70 71.) 4 J. Stanley Glen, Pastoral Problems in First Corinthians (London: Epworth, 1965), p. 53.) 5 Herman N. Ridderbos, Paul: An Outline of His Theology, trans. John Richard de Witt (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975), p. 271.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.2|AUTODETECT|” 6 C. K. Barrett, A Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, Harper s New Testament Commentaries series (New York and Evanston: Harper and Row, 1968), p. 81; Morna D. Hooker, Hard Sayings: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Corinthians 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , Theology 69 (1966): 19 22.) 1 10 2 8 0 0 NIV New International Version) NRSV New Revised Standard Version) NJB New Jerusalem Bible) NAB New American Bible) Cassirer A New Testament Translation, E. Cassirer) NEB New English Bible) TNT The New Translation) 7 G. G. Findlay, St. Paul s First Epistle to the Corinthians, in vol. 3 of The Expositor s Greek Testament, ed. W. Robertson Nicoll, 5 vols. (1910; reprint ed., Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1961), p. 785. See also SB, vol. 3, p. 330.) 8 Consult Eduard Schweizer, TDNT, vol. 9, p. 663.) 9 E.g., I Clem. 3:2; 4:7; 5:5; 6:4; 9:1.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.1-1.4.15|AUTODETECT|” 10 E.g., ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.1-1.4.15|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 4:1 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.73.15-19.73.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.73.15-19.73.28|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 73:15 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.2.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.2.23|AUTODETECT|” Hos. 2:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:31 46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.11-49.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.11-49.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:11 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.14-66.22.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.14-66.22.15|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 22:14 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 4 2 8 0 0 11 J. C. Ryle, Holiness: Its Nature, Hindrances, Difficulties, and Roots (reprint ed.; London: Clarke, 1956), p. xv. See also Ernest C. Reisinger, What Should We Think of the Carnal Christian ? (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1978), p. 8.) 12 Anthony A. Hoekema, Saved by Grace (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; Exeter: Paternoster, 1989), p. 25.

See also his contribution to Five Views on Sanctification (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, Academie Books, 1987), p. 189.) 13 Friedrich Blass and Albert Debrunner, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, trans. and rev. Robert Funk (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961), #113.2.) 14 Many translations have the interrogative pronoun in both questions: Who then is Apollos and who is Paul? (KJV, NKJV, NAB, SEB, GNB, MLB, TNT, Moffatt, Phillips). The Majority Text reverses the order of the two names (KJV, NKJV).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.5|AUTODETECT|” 15 See A. Dittberner, Who is Apollos and who is Paul? ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.5|AUTODETECT|” 1 Cor. 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , BibToday 71 (1974): 1549 52.) 1 17 2 8 0 0 16 W. Harold Mare, 1 Corinthians, in vol. 10 of The Expositor s Bible Commentary, ed. Frank E. Gaebelein, 12 vols. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1976), p. 205.) 17 Klaus Hess, NIDNTT, vol. 3, p. 548.) 18 Compare these two versions with variations: For we are partners working together for God (GNB, RSV, Moffatt).) 19 Barrett, First Corinthians, p. 86; Victor Paul Furnish, Fellow Workers in God s Service, JBL 80 (1961): 364 70; Hans Conzelmann, 1 Corinthians: A Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, ed. George W. MacRae, trans.

James W. Leitch, Hermeneia: A Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1975), p. 74 n. 53; Bauer, p. 788.) 20 SEB, JB, KJV, Cassirer, Phillips.) 21 Fee, First Corinthians, p. 134.) 22 The editors of EDNT, vol. 1, p. 246, suggest that Paul was thinking of a vineyard.) 23 John Calvin, The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians, Calvin s Commentary series, trans. John W. Fraser (reprint ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1976), p. 72.) 24 Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, 3d corrected ed. (London and New York: United Bible Societies, 1975), p. 548.) KJV King James Version) NKJV New King James Version) 25 Blass and Debrunner, Greek Grammar, #442.9.) 26 C. F.

D. Moule, An Idiom Book of New Testament Greek, 2d ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960), p. 144.) 27 R. St. John Parry, The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians, Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools and Colleges (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1937), p. 64.) 28 John Albert Bengel, Bengel s New Testament Commentary, trans. Charlton T. Lewis and Marvin R.

Vincent, 2 vols. (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1981), vol. 2, p. 179.) 29 Jay Shanor, Paul as Master Builder: Construction Terms in First Corinthians, NTS 34 (1988): 461 70.) 30 J�rgen Goetzmann, NIDNTT, vol. 2, p. 253.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.10-46.3.15|AUTODETECT|” 31 Craig A. Evans, How Are the Apostles Judged? A Note on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.10-46.3.15|AUTODETECT|” 1 Corinthians 3:10 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , JETS 27 (1984): 149 50.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 32 Calvin, I Corinthians, p. 75.) 33 J. M. Ford refers to the Feast of Tabernacles when people built temporary structures made of wood, hay, or straw. Even though the temporary aspect of the structure is worthy of note, the explanation that people decorated these dwellings with gold, silver, and precious stones is hardly convincing. You Are God s Sukkah (1 Cor. iii. 10 17), NTS 21 (1974): 139 42.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.12|AUTODETECT|” 34 See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.12|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.8|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.5|AUTODETECT|” 4:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.4|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7-53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7-53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:7 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 5 2 8 0 0 35 Some translators render the word the day of judgment (NEB), the Judgment Day (SEB), the Day of the Lord (Cassirer), or the Day of Christ (GNB).) GNB Good News Bible) 36 Charles W. Fishburne, 1 Corinthians III. 10 15 and the Testament of Abraham, NTS 17 (1970 71): 114.) 37 Hermann Haarbeck, NIDNTT, vol. 3, p. 809.) 38 Paul Christoph B�ttger, NIDNTT, vol. 3, p. 142; Herbert Preisker, TDNT, vol. 4, p. 722; C. Crowther, Works, Work and Good Works, ExpT 81 (1970): 166 71.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 39 James E. Rosscup concludes that Paul combines the symbols that both please Christ and reward the believer: sound doctrine, activity, motives, and character. A New Look at ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 1 Corinthians 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 Gold, Silver, Precious Stones, MSJ 1 (1990): 33 51.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 40 Bengel, New Testament Commentary, vol. 2, p. 181.) 41 Moule, Idiom-Book, p. 51.) 42 A. T. Robertson, A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research (Nashville: Broadman, 1934), p. 582.) 43 Donald W. Burdick, �6�� and ������� in the Pauline Epistles, in New Dimensions in New Testament Study, ed. Richard N. Longenecker and Merrill C. Tenney (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1974), p. 347.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.16|AUTODETECT|” 44 See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.16|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.16|AUTODETECT|” [twice]; 6:19; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.16|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.21|AUTODETECT|” [twice]; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.21|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.4|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.13|AUTODETECT|” . He refers to the temple complex (hieron) only once in a discussion on material support for Christian workers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.13|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.18.1|AUTODETECT|” ; compare ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.18.1|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 18:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 45 The Belgic Confession, article 27 (italics added).) 46 Robertson, Grammar, pp. 794 95; Parry, First Epistle to the Corinthians, p. 68.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.9|AUTODETECT|” 47 See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.9|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 6:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.33|AUTODETECT|” 15:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.7|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.3|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.16|AUTODETECT|” James 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 8 2 8 0 0 48 Calvin, I Corinthians, p. 80.) 49 Charles Hodge, An Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (1857; reprint ed., Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965), p. 60.) 50 This is the only direct quotation from the Book of Job in the entire New Testament. The Septuagint reading does not coincide with the Greek translation given by Paul.) 51 D. A. Carson, NIDNTT, vol. 1, p. 413. See also Otto Bauernfeind, TDNT, vol 5, p. 726.) LXX Septuagint) 52 Refer to Allan M. Harman, Aspects of Paul s Use of the Psalms, WTJ 32 (1969): 1 23.) 53 Conzelmann, 1 Corinthians, p. 80. Consult Victor Paul Furnish, Belonging to Christ: A Paradigm for Ethics in First Corinthians, Interp 44 (1990): 145 57.) 54 Fee, First Corinthians, p. 154.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.19-48.2.20|AUTODETECT|” 55 See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.19-48.2.20|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:19 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.20|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; consult Walter Schmithals, NIDNTT, vol. 1, pp. 439 41.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 56 Heidelberg Catechism, question and answer 1.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.11|AUTODETECT|” 57 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.11|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.18|AUTODETECT|” 16:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.18|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 3:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.3|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.3|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 58 Moule, Idiom-Book, p. 52.)