2 Peter 3

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 33 2 8 0 0 3. The Day of the Lord) (3:1 13)) and Exhortations) (3:14 18)) ) Outline) 3:1 13 V. The Day of the Lord ) 3:1 2 A. Reminder ) 3:3 4 B. Scoffers ) 3:5 7 C. Destruction ) 3:8 9 D.

Time ) 3:10 E. Elements ) 3:11 13 F. Consummation ) 3:14 18 VI. Exhortations ) 3:14 A. Be Blameless ) 3:15 16 B. Accept God s Truth ) 3:17 C.

Reject Error ) 3:18 D. Grow in Grace ) ) ) ) V. The Day of the Lord) 3:1 13) 3 1 Dear friends, this is now my second letter to you. I have written both of them as reminders to stimulate you to wholesome thinking. 2 I want you to recall the words spoken in the past by the holy prophets and the command given by our Lord and Savior through your apostles.) 3 First of all, you must understand that in the last days scoffers will come, scoffing and following their own evil desires. 4 They will say, Where is this coming he promised? Ever since our fathers died, everything goes on as it has since the beginning of creation. 5 But they deliberately forget that long ago by God s word the heavens existed and the earth was formed out of water and by water. 6 By these waters also the world of that time was deluged and destroyed. 7 By the same word the present heavens and earth are reserved for fire, being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.) 8 But do not forget this one thing, dear friends: With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day. 9 The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand slowness. He is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance.) 10 But the day of the Lord will come like a thief.

The heavens will disappear with a roar; the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and everything in it will be laid bare.) 11 Since everything will be destroyed in this way, what kind of people ought you to be? You ought to live holy and godly lives 12 as you look forward to the day of God and speed its coming. That day will bring about the destruction of the heavens by fire, and the elements will melt in the heat. 13 But in keeping with his promise we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth, the home of righteousness.) ) A. Reminder) 3:1 2) After an interlude in which Peter describes the character, life, and destiny of false teachers, the apostle continues to exhort and encourage the members of the Christian church. In this chapter, Peter writes apocalyptically about the day of the Lord. In his teaching, however, he again directs some of his remarks to scoffers.

Presumably these scoffers are the same people as the heretics he describes in the preceding chapter.) 1. Dear friends, this is now my second letter to you. I have written both of them as reminders to stimulate you to wholesome thinking.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.2.11|AUTODETECT|”

The address is rather common in this chapter: it occurs four times (vv. 1, 8, 14, 17). Incidentally, except for the greeting my brothers (1:10), dear friends is the only salutation used in both I and II Peter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.2.11|AUTODETECT|”

I Peter 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.4.12|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.4.12|AUTODETECT|”

4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). A literal translation is beloved, which is a frequent address in the New Testament epistles. Peter wants to make certain that the readers know of his pastoral love and concern for them. The recipients are dear friends and differ from the apostates.) 1 2 2 8 0 0

a. This is now my second letter to you. If this is the second letter, which is the first epistle Peter wrote? Commentators provide a number of answers. Here are some of them:) 1. Second Peter is a combination of two epistles: the first two chapters form the first epistle and the last chapter constitutes the second letter. This view, however, faces difficulties, for the three chapters in II Peter are interrelated.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.5.9|AUTODETECT|”

2. Peter wrote another letter which is no longer extant, just as Paul wrote more than two epistles to the Corinthian church. These other letters of Peter and Paul are not part of Scripture 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.5.9|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 5:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). We have no problem assuming that the apostles composed more letters than those which the church has placed in the canon. However, we hesitate to adopt the hypothesis that Peter is referring to an epistle that is lost. We accept this hypothesis only when all other explanations fail to prove satisfactory.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.3.0|AUTODETECT|”

3. The first epistle Peter wrote is I Peter. Some scholars see problems in regard to Peter s express purpose stated at the beginning of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.3.0|AUTODETECT|”

II Peter 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.1.13|AUTODETECT|”

I have written both [letters] as reminders (v. 1). They point out that in the Greek the term reminder appears in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.1.13|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 but not in I Peter. In respect to the term itself, these scholars are correct.��1�� In Peter s first epistle, however, not the term but the concept occurs repeatedly (refer to 1:13 17; 2:11 12; 4:13, 17 19; 5:4). Although scholars raise questions regarding the relationship of I and II Peter, these concerns appear to be insufficient to discount the validity of identifying the two letters. We assume, then, that Peter s remark, I have written both of them, refers to I Peter.��2��) 1 4 2 8 0 0 b. As reminders to stimulate you to wholesome thinking. Peter intimates that with these two letters he puts the minds of the readers to work (see 1:13). Another version says, I have been recalling to you what you already know, to rouse you to honest thought (NEB). What is the meaning of the phrase wholesome thinking? Peter means unsullied and pure thinking.

The expression common sense comes close to conveying what Peter means. He contrasts the thinking of the believers with that of the false teachers; and he implies that Christians should be mentally alert to discern truth from error.) 2. I want you to recall the words spoken in the past by the holy prophets and the command given by our Lord and Savior through your apostles.) Notice the following points:) a. Prophets) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.10-60.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Peter wants his readers to start recalling the prophecies recorded in the Old Testament. This is the second time in this epistle that Peter calls attention to the word of the prophets 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.10-60.1.12|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:10 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). In the context of this verse, we interpret the expression words to mean the Old Testament prophecies that pertain to the day of the Lord. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.70|AUTODETECT|” In Greek, Peter uses the perfect tense for the word spoken to indicate that although these prophecies were uttered in the past they are valid in the present. And who communicated these utterances? Holy prophets spoke as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit (1:21). Peter designates them holy, which seems to have been a common description for the Old Testament prophets. For example, in his song Zechariah says that God spoke through his holy prophets of long ago 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.70|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:70) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.21|AUTODETECT|” ). And when Peter preached after the healing of the lame man at the temple, he mentioned that God would restore everything, as he promised long ago through his holy prophets 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The qualification holy differentiates the true prophets from those who are false, and it discloses that their prophecies have a divine origin.) 1 16 2 8 0 0 b. Christ) Peter writes, And the command given by our Lord and Savior. This is the second time in his epistle that Peter employs the word command (2:21). In view of the earlier use and interpretation of this word, it is acceptable to say that the term signifies the gospel of Christ that calls man to repentance and faith.��3�� It is also feasible to look at the context of chapter 3 and say that the word refers to the second coming of Christ.��4�� Still another view is to relate the expression command to Peter s warning about the doctrines of false teachers.��5�� However, this last view faces the objection that the command originates not with Peter but with our Lord and Savior. ) The words Lord and Savior occur four times in this epistle; in three instances Peter has added the names Jesus Christ (1:11; 2:20; 3:18, and v. 2 without the names). By combining the two titles, Peter teaches that sovereignty includes also salvation. ��6�� Throughout Peter s epistle, the doctrine concerning Christ receives special attention.) c. Apostles) The reading through your apostles has caused some interpreters to say that Peter could not have penned these words; instead an author of a later date wrote them because he wanted to express his respect for the apostles as a group.��7�� But this approach to the text is unnecessary when we consider the development of the New Testament Scriptures in the middle of the first century.

The words of Jesus were accorded the same authority as those of the Old Testament. Hence the apostles who taught the gospel of Christ were placed on the same level as the holy prophets who wrote the prophecies. The expression your apostles, then, means that Peter speaks as a representative of that group.) ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:1 2) Verse 1) ������ & �������� & �������� notice the position of each word in the Greek text. Peter wants to emphasize each word individually.) ����� although this is the present active indicative, translators look at the word from the recipient s point of view. They put it in the past tense .) Q��� the placement of this personal pronoun is unusual because it modifies not Q�������� (reminder) but �������� (mind).��8��) Verse 2) ��������� the aorist passive infinitive of ����������� (I remind myself, remember) stands in apposition to the preceding verse (v. 1).��9�� The aorist is ingressive.) ��� ��� �������� the feature of linking the numerous genitives in this verse is unique. Translators avoid literalism by introducing the concept agency, by the holy prophets and the command given by our Lord and Savior through your apostles (italics added).) B.

Scoffers) 3:3 4) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Peter describes the New Testament age, which he characterizes as the last days 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.1|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Jude 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He refers to the entire period from the ascension of Jesus to Christ s eventual return; thus he includes the times in which he himself lives. Peter himself encounters scoffers whom he describes as false teachers (see the preceding chapter).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 3. First of all, you must understand that in the last days scoffers will come, scoffing and following their own evil desires.) When Peter says first of all, he is not enumerating a list of items. Rather, he stresses the primary importance of what he is about to teach. He intimates that his readers should be alert to and on guard against the errors of these scoffers (see 3:17). And he teaches the believers to be constantly aware of the fact that they are living in the last days.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.20|AUTODETECT|” The expression last days is common in the New Testament. For instance, it appears in the Epistle to the Hebrews, where the writer notes that God has spoken through his Son (1:2); and Peter mentions that in this last period God has revealed Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.20|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.3|AUTODETECT|” ; also consider ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.3|AUTODETECT|” James 5:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The implied comparison is that the Old Testament era preceded the coming of Christ. That period is first and the one of the New Testament is last.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Scoffers will come, scoffing. These people know God s revelation and his impending judgment. Because they are familiar with the Scriptures, they have become habitual mockers of God and his Word. Scoffing should not be confused with jesting. Jesting depicts frivolity, but scoffing is a sin that is deliberate. Scoffing occurs when men show willful contempt for God and his Son.) We understand that the mockers are the false teachers Peter has described in the previous chapter.

But we can also hear a prophetic note in the future tense will come. Peter is saying that in the years that precede the return of Christ numerous scoffers will ridicule Christians for their faith in God. Scoffers indeed demonstrate that they themselves are apostates in word and deed. Says Peter,) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.3-40.24.5|AUTODETECT|” [They follow] their own evil desires. Having rejected God s revelation, the scoffers take pleasure in following their natural desires. This is the exact opposite of doing the will of God, for they continually seek fulfillment in physical pleasures. When believers observe these people, they have visible evidence that they are living in the last days, during which false prophets are rampant 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.3-40.24.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:3 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.23-40.24.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.23-40.24.26|AUTODETECT|” 23 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 4. They will say, Where is this coming he promised? Ever since our fathers died, everything goes on as it has since the beginning of creation. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.17.15|AUTODETECT|” Here, then, are the words these scoffers speak. Arrogantly they deny that the judgment day will come. They repudiate the message that they must give an account of their words and deeds. They scoff at Jesus promise that he will return on the last day and contemptuously they ask, Where is this coming he promised? Notice that they are not interested in the time of Jesus return but they ask the question where? Hence, they doubt the truthfulness of the written and spoken word of God, much the same as the Jewish people in the days before the exile mockingly asked, Where is the word of the Lord? Let it now be fulfilled! 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.17.15|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 17:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.5.19|AUTODETECT|” ; also compare ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.5.19|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.12.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.12.22|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 12:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 In the middle of the first century, Christians asked the apostles about Christ s return.��10�� For them, the second coming was a matter of time. They expected the day of the Lord to come in their day. For this reason, then, the question raised by the scoffers fits that particular time in history.��11��) Ever since our fathers died, everything goes on as it has since the beginning of creation. If in the middle of the first century Christians queried the apostles about the return of Christ, we can understand that even the unbelievers scoffingly repeated the same question. But the apostates go much further, for in their obstinacy they declare that nothing has changed.) Who are these fathers? Some translations add the possessive pronoun our to the word fathers, which in the Greek is lacking.

Are they the forefathers of the scoffers or are they the Christians who have died? Phillips has this reading: Since the first Christians fell asleep, everything remains exactly as it was. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.31|AUTODETECT|” The scoffers are saying that the coming of Christ has not made any difference in respect to death and dying. They say that the first Christians die just the same as other people. They conclude, therefore, that the gospel is irrelevant. Granted that this conclusion is correct, we still face the question why the scoffers would call the first Christians fathers, especially when they link the word to creation since the beginning of creation and not to the birth of Christ. In the New Testament, the expression our fathers signifies the Old Testament fathers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.31|AUTODETECT|” John 6:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Acts 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.5|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Because this was a standard expression, we are not amiss in asserting that Peter appears to conform to the usage that was current in his day.��12��) 1 10 2 8 0 0 Everything goes on as it has since the beginning of creation. These scoffers leave out the account of the birth, ministry, death, and resurrection of Christ and then reason that everything remains the same since the day of creation. They intimate that the person and work of Christ are without any validity and have no bearing on the natural order of events. But this is exactly the point: the coming of Christ has changed everything and his eventual return will bring about the consummation. Jesus will return.) ) Doctrinal Considerations in 3:3 4) Hymn writers have composed many hymns about the return of Christ. John Newton depicts the day of Christ s return in these words:) Day of judgment! day of wonders!) Hark! the trumpet s awful sound,) Louder than a thousand thunders,) Shakes the vast creation round.) How the summons) Will the sinner s heart confound!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.37-40.24.39|AUTODETECT|” Jesus tells us that when he returns, the people who reject him will be as surprised as Noah s contemporaries were when they perished in the flood 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.37-40.24.39|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:37 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.28-42.17.29|AUTODETECT|” ). They will be like the people of Sodom and Gomorrah who were destroyed by fire and sulfur 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.28-42.17.29|AUTODETECT|” Luke 17:28 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.2|AUTODETECT|” ). The suddenness of Jesus return will overtake the scoffers who loudly proclaim that he will not come back. In their writings, Peter, Paul, and John compare the second coming of Christ to the arrival of a thief who suddenly steals someone s possessions 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.2|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.16.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.16.15|AUTODETECT|” 16:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The writers of the New Testament consistently teach the doctrine of Jesus return. In fact, it is found in every N[ew] T[estament] book except Galatians and the short Philemon, 2 John, and 3 John. ��13�� Despite the scriptural evidence, some scholars hold that this doctrine is a creation of the Christian church. They even contend that Jesus himself never taught that he would return.��14��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” Jesus says that the believer must watch the signs of the times. Some of these signs are the proclamation of the gospel to all nations 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.22|AUTODETECT|” ), the appearance of false Christs and false prophets 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.22|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.7|AUTODETECT|” ), a period of increased lawlessness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.7|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.18|AUTODETECT|” ), and the coming of the Antichrist 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.18|AUTODETECT|” I John 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). By observing the signs, believers are strengthened in their faith that God is at work in directing world history to the glorious day of Christ s return.) 1 15 2 8 0 0 ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:3 4) Verse 3) ����������� this present active participle should have been in the accusative plural instead of the nominative plural. The implied subject Q��� (you) of the aorist passive infinitive in the preceding verse demands the accusative case. Peter, however, writes the nominative to express the sense of the participle.) ��������� �������� scoffing scoffers ; here is a Semitic idiom that parallels the Hebrew use of the infinitive absolute of a verb with another part of the same verb so as to express emphasis or frequency. ��15��) 0���� this adjective own expresses contrast to obedience to the will of God.) Verse 4) �� �� as an abbreviation, the preposition and relative pronoun means since. The pronoun has its antecedent in the understood noun !����� (day).) �������� grammarians call this present tense either a progressive present��16�� or a static present, that is, a condition which is assumed as perpetually existing. ��17��) C. Destruction) 3:5 7) Peter answers his opponents by reminding them that they deliberately forget two pertinent facts. One of these facts is the flood; the other is the destruction of the world.) 5.

But they deliberately forget that long ago by God s word the heavens existed and the earth was formed out of water and by water.) a. But they deliberately forget. ��18�� The apostates know the account of the flood, but they have chosen the path of deliberate forgetfulness. Accordingly, Peter reminds them of God s word by which heaven and earth were formed. By that same word the flood destroyed the world. Peter wants his opponents to understand that their arguments are erroneous and misleading in the light of God s revelation. God rules his creation and governs the course of world history.) b.

Long ago by God s word the heavens existed and the earth was formed. Does Peter mean that the heavens are eternal but the earth is created? Certainly not. The words heavens and earth must be understood as a pair that is mentioned in one breath. With this expression, he tells the reader to recall the creation account in Genesis. The use of the plural heavens unmistakably reveals the hand of a Jew.

In Hebrew this word is always plural, and throughout this chapter Peter writes the plural form in Greek (vv. 7, 10, 12, 13).��19��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.9|AUTODETECT|” c. The earth was formed out of water and by water. Peter reminds the reader of the creation story: And God said, Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ). The land itself, then, comes forth out of the water. This interpretation relates more to origin than to substance; that is, the text explains how the earth was formed, and does not disclose the source of matter. Peter also says that the earth was formed by water. Here again he refers to the first chapter of Genesis, where we read that God s creative word separated the water under the expanse from the water above it 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Not only were the water from oceans and lakes and the precipitation from the skies instrumental in shaping the earth, but also rain and dew, snow and ice nourish and sustain the earth.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 This verse presents some difficulties in interpretation because of the brevity of this text. Translators have tried to overcome these problems by offering a smooth rendition of the text, but some ambiguity still remains. For instance, the phrase formed & by water seems to be a repetition of the words formed out of water. Is Peter making a distinction between out of and by or do these two prepositions in the Greek mean the same thing? In the next verse (v. 6) Peter uses the same preposition by with the meaning by means of. In the interest of consistency, therefore, we assert that the two Greek prepositions in verse 5 are virtually the same in meaning.) 6.

By these waters also the world of that time was deluged and destroyed.) God, who made the world, also has the power to destroy it. He upholds his creation by his power. However, just as by his divine word the universe came into existence, so at his command he can unleash natural elements in creation to destroy that which he has made. As he formed the earth out of water, so he destroys the world by water.��20�� The scoffers of Peter s day saw God s creation but refused to recognize the Creator and his authority.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.7.11|AUTODETECT|” The translators of the New International Version have given a literal interpretation of the Greek which has the two words by which. The pronoun which is in the plural and is translated by these waters. When God commanded the waters to destroy man and beast on the face of the earth, all the springs of the great deep burst forth, and the floodgates of the heavens were opened 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.7.11|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 7:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; also see 8:2). Water came from below and from above and covered the earth so that everything on dry land that had the breath of life in its nostrils died (7:22). Only Noah and his household, along with the animals he had brought into the ark, survived the raging waters of the flood.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 An objection to this interpretation is that water at the time of the flood is the only destructive element and thus should be presented in the singular. Should we adopt an alternate reading in the Greek text for the phrase by which (in the singular), we would be able to relate the term which to God s word (v. 5). Then we can say that at God s command the world came into being and at his command the flood deluged and destroyed the earth. But this variant reading in the Greek appears to be a correction made by a scribe. The more difficult text is the plural of which, translated by these waters (NIV).��21�� This text remains problematic.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.7.22|AUTODETECT|” What is the meaning of the phrase world of that time? Scripture says that all living things on dry land perished 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.7.22|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 7:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), which is more extensive than saying only that the wicked human race drowned. God s condemnation struck man and beast; heaven and earth were affected by the deluge.) 1 26 2 8 0 0 Notice that Peter draws a parallel (see vv. 6 and 7); he contrasts the ancient world with the present heavens and earth. The world of Noah was destroyed by water; the present world will be burned with fire. The conclusion seems to be that the flood was universal, much the same as the imminent destruction by fire will be universal.) The message Peter leaves for the scoffers is direct: as God destroyed the world with the flood, so he will destroy heaven and earth with fire. God s condemnation is hanging over [the scoffers], and their destruction has not been sleeping (2:3).) 7. By the same word the present heavens and earth are reserved for fire, being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.) Consider the following points:) a. Word) God determines the beginning of this universe and the end.��22�� He speaks as the Creator in the beginning, with the result that the heavens and the earth are formed.

He speaks as the Judge on the last day, with the consequence that heaven and earth will be destroyed by fire. God saved believing Noah and his family while the whole world perished. He also will save believers when the conflagration of the world takes place.) b. Fire) The present heavens and the earth are reserved for fire. A more literal translation of the text is, [They are] kept in store by the same word, reserved for fire (NKJV), which comes closer to the Greek text: have been and are treasured for fire. ) The readers of Peter s letter knew about God s destructive fire because of their knowledge of the Old Testament.��23�� But in other literature, the doctrine concerning the destruction of the world by fire was also current. It appears in Jewish writings, Qumran documents, apocalyptic literature, apocryphal books, and early Christian and Roman works.��24�� In the church universal and the world at large, the teaching of a fiery destruction of the world was not unknown.) The nature of this fire is not revealed.

Whether a nuclear holocaust will destroy the heavens and the earth remains to be seen. Three times in this chapter Peter discloses the impending destruction of God s creation (vv. 7, 10, 12). The purpose of this fiery demise of the world is for God to judge the wicked.) c. Men) Peter writes, [Fire is] kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men. This day of judgment (2:9) or day of the Lord (3:10) not only transforms the present form of God s creation. It also cleanses the earth of the wicked people who inhabit this planet.

God exercises patience, but when his forbearance has come to an end, he pronounces divine judgment upon the scoffers. Their time for destruction has arrived and consequently they receive their due reward.��25��) ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:5 7) Verse 5) ����� this pronoun can be either nominative or accusative. In the nominative, it is the subject of the main verb: this eludes their attention because they wish that .& As an accusative, the pronoun is the direct object of the present participle �������� (they wish): because they want this, it escapes their notice that & . Both versions are grammatically correct, yet translators prefer the first one.) �P����v & ��v �� without the definite article, this combination constitutes a pair. In English, heaven and earth are also mentioned in the same breath.��26��) Verse 6) ��� �� the relative pronoun in the plural has a number of possible antecedents: word, water, and heavens. The double use of U����� (v. 5) perhaps serves as the plural antecedent, yet the presence of U���� (v. 6) is grammatically redundant.) ������������ from the verb ���������) (I deluge, submerge), this aorist passive participle occurs only here in the New Testament.) Verse 7) ��������������� this is the perfect passive participle from the verb ��������� (I store up, treasure).

The perfect denotes an action in the past that has lasting effect in the present.) ���������� the present passive of ����� (I keep, reserve) conveys the message of continuous activity.) ������� the genitive is descriptive. However, the genitive case of ������� is objective.) D. Time) 3:8 9) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.6.3|AUTODETECT|” The day of the Lord will come as irrevocably as the day of the flood dawned in Noah s day. From God s initial announcement of impending judgment to its final execution when he closed the ark, God extended a period of grace to 120 years 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.6.3|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 6:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Likewise, the day of the Lord will appear at the time God has appointed. True, some people question the coming of this day. Yet that day will come, and then cosmic time, which God has created, will end. God set cosmic time in motion when he made the universe. But when the day of the Lord dawns, chronological time disappears in eternity.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 God regards time from a perspective that differs from ours. In the next two verses, Peter teaches the reader to consider both time and patience from God s point of view.) Relativity) 8. But do not forget this one thing, dear friends: With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day.) a. Dear friends. Peter now turns his attention to the readers; he exhorts and encourages them by teaching them the significance of time. He addresses them as friends (see vv. 1, 14).

The readers are people whom Peter loves and for whom he cares as a pastor. Literally, he addresses them as beloved. ) b. But do not forget this one thing. After they have learned what the destiny of the scoffers will be, the readers are anxious to know what will become of them on the judgment day. Peter has described that day as a day of destruction for the wicked. What will happen to the believer?

When will that day come? Although the readers are anxious to multiply their questions concerning the last day, Peter discusses only time itself. In a single sentence, he discloses the relativity of time. He teaches the readers that they should keep one thing in mind: God views time from a perspective that differs from that of man. Introducing this concept, however, Peter tells the recipients of his letter not to forget this one thing. ) Notice that the verb to forget in verse 8 is the same as in verse 5. There Peter writes that the scoffers deliberately forget pertinent facts concerning creation.

Here he exhorts believers not to forget one thing. But what is this one thing ? Peter sums it up in one sentence:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.90.4|AUTODETECT|” c. With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day. Peter echoes a verse from a prayer of Moses 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.90.4|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 90:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ):) 1 2 2 8 0 0 For a thousand years in your sight) are like a day that has just gone by.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36|AUTODETECT|” Of course, Peter refrains from speculating when the end will come. He knows the word of Jesus on this subject: No one knows about that day or hour, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.90.0|AUTODETECT|” ). Besides, he knows that God looks at time from the perspective of eternity, and that man, who is conditioned by cosmic time, is unable to comprehend eternity. Peter is not interested in explicating the difference between time and eternity, as Moses does in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.90.0|AUTODETECT|” Psalms 90) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .��27�� Rather, he describes time in relation to the last day.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.2-66.20.7|AUTODETECT|” The expression a thousand years occurs in the New Testament only in this verse (v. 8) and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.2-66.20.7|AUTODETECT|” Revelation 20:2 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Verse 8 provides no information about a literal millennium. In the first two centuries of the Christian era, however, some writers explained this verse in terms of a thousand-year period. These authors used only the words, With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and developed a millennial doctrine. Thus the unknown author of the Epistle of Barnabas writes that the Lord will make an end of everything in six thousand years, for a day with him means a thousand years. ��28�� And Irenaeus says, For the day of the Lord is as a thousand years; and in six days created things were completed: it is evident, therefore, that they will come to an end at the sixth thousand year. ��29��) 1 10 2 8 0 0 These early Christian writers neglect to recite the second part of verse 8, and a thousand years are like a day. This cancels out the first part of the verse and, therefore, makes it difficult to develop a millenary theory. Peter is not interested in such theories. He faces the taunts of scoffers who express their doubt about the promise of the Lord s eventual return (compare v. 4).) Patience) 9. The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand slowness. He is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance.) Because the Christians of the first century expected the imminent return of the Lord and waited patiently, they needed a word of encouragement from Peter.) a.

The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise. The term Lord in this verse and the next (v. 10) is a synonym for God. In other words, Peter refers not to Jesus but rather to God with his use of an Old Testament designation for God. Peter alludes to the Old Testament prophecy of Habakkuk:) For the revelation awaits an appointed time;) it speaks of the end) and will not prove false.) Though it linger, wait for it;) it will certainly come and will not delay. [2:3]) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.37|AUTODETECT|” The writer of Hebrews, who assures his readers that God will fulfill the promises that he made to them, quotes this same Old Testament prophecy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.37|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 10:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Why does God delay the return of Christ? The cause of the delay stems not from indifference or inattentiveness on the part of God. It lies in God s grace and mercy toward sinners. He allows them time to repent of their sins. Jesus will return when God s patience has ended, when the time allotted has expired, and when the last believer has accepted Christ as Savior. Not human sin, but divine forbearance, which cannot be constrained, determines the delay. It is the sovereign God who graciously grants an interval for repentance. ��30�� God works out his plan and purpose even though man expresses doubts.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 b. As some understand slowness. We understand that the some in this verse are not the scoffers (v. 3) but believers who have been influenced by these scoffers. Some Christians are unable to explain the delay of Christ s return and begin to doubt as they listen to the scoffers.��31�� They need not doubt, because God is in full control.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.20|AUTODETECT|” c. He is patient with you. Notice that Peter addresses the readers, not the scoffers, when he writes the pronoun you.��32�� He indicates that God does not judge his people hastily, but grants them sufficient time to come to repentance 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.20|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.22|AUTODETECT|” d. Not wanting anyone to perish. Peter is not teaching universalism in this sentence. In his epistle, he clearly states that the false teachers and the scoffers are condemned and face destruction 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.22|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Does not God want the false teachers to be saved? Yes, but they disregard God s patience toward them, they employ their knowledge of Jesus Christ against him, and they willfully reject God s offer of salvation. They, then, bear full responsibility for their own condemnation.��33��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.17|AUTODETECT|” d. [God wants] everyone to come to repentance. God provides time for man to repent, but repentance is an act that man must perform. Take the case of Esau, who led a godless life and sold his inheritance rights to his brother Jacob. When he wanted to receive the blessing, Esau was rejected. He could bring about no change of mind, though he sought the blessing with tears 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.17|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; also compare ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Likewise the scoffers in Peter s day refuse to come to repentance, even though God is granting them a period of grace.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 ) Doctrinal Considerations in 3:8 9) So wonderful is [God s] love towards mankind, that he would have them all to be saved, and is of his own self prepared to bestow salvation on the lost. ��34�� So writes John Calvin on verse 9 and thus touches the doctrine of God s mercy toward sinful man. Here are two examples of this divine love; one is from the Old Testament, the second from the New Testament.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.7|AUTODETECT|” First, God showed his love to Cain when he asked, If you do what is right, will you not be accepted? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.7|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ). Yet Cain, filled with anger and jealousy, murdered Abel (v. 8). When God continued to speak to Cain, he did not meet a repentant sinner but a selfish individual who sought protection from an avenger. Cain went out from the Lord s presence (v. 16), although God demonstrated mercy by shielding him (v. 15). Cain belonged to the evil one, says the apostle John 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.12|AUTODETECT|” I John 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). That is, he rejected God s grace and mercy and willfully departed from God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.12|AUTODETECT|” Second, before Jesus appointed the twelve disciples, he spent a whole night in prayer 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.12|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.7-40.10.8|AUTODETECT|” ). He called Judas Iscariot to the circle of his immediate followers. After a period of instruction, Jesus commissioned the twelve disciples to preach the gospel, to heal the sick, to raise the dead, to cleanse the lepers, and to drive out demons 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.7-40.10.8|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:7 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.26|AUTODETECT|” ). In his love, Jesus commissioned Judas, too. Even at the last Passover celebration in the upper room, Jesus visibly indicated to Judas that he knew of the betrayal 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.26|AUTODETECT|” John 13:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.3|AUTODETECT|” ). Yet Judas delivered his Master to the chief priests. Granted that Judas was filled with remorse, he never repented 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 27:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He never returned to Jesus, but instead committed suicide.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.4|AUTODETECT|” When Paul writes that God wants all men to be saved and to come to a knowledge of the truth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.4|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.18.23|AUTODETECT|” ; also see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.18.23|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 18:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.18.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.18.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), he does not mean that all men are indeed saved. Although God desires the redemption of the entire race, he does not decree universal salvation. Therefore, in respect to the verb want or wish theologians distinguish between God s desire and God s decree.��35��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.3|AUTODETECT|” God extends his mercy to sinful man. However, when man repudiates God s grace, divine condemnation hangs over him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.3|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) and he faces the inevitable day of judgment (3:7).) 1 10 2 8 0 0 ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:9) �������� he hesitates ; as a verb of separation, it controls the genitive case of ��������� (promise).��36��) ���������� the present middle participle from �������� (I wish) denotes cause.��37��) E. Elements) 3:10) In the immediately preceding verse, Peter answers his opponents with a reference to God s time and patience. Now he tells them what will happen when the day of the Lord appears.) 10. But the day of the Lord will come like a thief. The heavens will disappear with a roar; the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and everything in it will be laid bare.) Observe these two points:) a. Assurance) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.2|AUTODETECT|” As a contrast to God s patience with the sinner, Peter emphatically states that the day of the Lord will come like a thief (compare v. 12). This is an indisputable fact taught also by the apostle Paul. In response to a question concerning the coming of the Lord, Paul writes, You know very well that the day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.2|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The coming of this day will be marked by an unexpected suddenness.��38�� Both Paul and Peter use the metaphor of a thief. When a thief strikes under cover of darkness, he provides no warning. Similarly, Christ will come unexpectedly.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 b. Events) Peter describes the events that will take place when Jesus returns.) Heavens) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.14|AUTODETECT|” Using a word that imitates the sound associated with it, Peter declares that the heavens will disappear with a roar. That is, the atmospheric heavens will vanish, as John describes the events of the last day: The sky receded like a scroll, rolling up 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.14|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.34.4|AUTODETECT|” ; see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.34.4|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 34:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). As the sky passes away, a crackling sound as of roaring flames will be heard. Peter further explains this point in verse 12: That day will bring about the destruction of the heavens by fire, and the elements will melt in the heat. ) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Elements) What are the elements that will be destroyed by fire? Scholars usually present two interpretations:) 1. The reference to the elements (v. 10) means earth, water and air, of which only the first is named explicitly, the last being understood as the heavens. ��39�� An objection to this view is that to identify the elements with heaven and earth is redundant in the context of this verse.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.34.4|AUTODETECT|” 2. Peter relies on an Old Testament prophecy: All the stars of the heavens will be dissolved and the sky rolled up like a scroll; all the starry host will fall 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.34.4|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 34:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ). The expression elements signifies the celestial bodies the sun, moon, and stars. This prophecy reflects the Jewish belief that in the last day even the stars will be destroyed.��40�� Other parts of Scripture also indicate the heavenly bodies will be affected when the day of the Lord appears 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Joel 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.24|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.12-66.6.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.12-66.6.13|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 6:12 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ). As sun, moon, and stars are mentioned in the creation account 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), so in the day of consummation these celestial light-bearers will disappear.) 1 13 2 8 0 0 Earth) And the earth and everything in it will be laid bare. Translations of this sentence differ because of the variant readings of the Greek manuscripts. Most versions have the translation And the earth and its works will be burned up (NASB; italics added). Another reading is will be gone (SEB). However, the most difficult and oldest Greek reading is will be laid bare (NIV). A sound exegetical rule is to accept the hardest reading as the original, for the most perspicuous readings usually are derived from it.

In this case, due to its lack of perspecuity the verb itself has given rise to all the other variants, even to the point where some Greek manuscripts have omitted the last line of verse 10 altogether. But because the day of the Lord is seen as the judgment day, the verb will be laid bare most likely means that the earth and all man s works will appear before God s judgment seat. ��41�� The conclusion must be that the verb in the last line remains problematic.) ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:10) �Q��������� the future passive indicative from the verb �Q����� (I find), this form is difficult to interpret. Therefore, numerous emendations have been suggested. Here are a few: the earth and the things in it will be found useless ; the earth and the things in it will flow ; & will flow together ; & will be burnt to ashes ; and will be judged. ��42�� An emendation is acceptable only when the word in question is devoid of any suitable meaning. This is not true for the translation will be laid bare which, as a passive form, implies that God is the agent. God, who created the earth and everything in it, will lay bare this great creation in the judgment day.) F.

Consummation) 3:11 13) God s revelation about the end of the world ought to make the believer aware of living a life that is pleasing to God. The short time that separates us from the dawning of the last day is short. In fact, Peter even uses the word speed.) 11. Since everything will be destroyed in this way, what kind of people ought you to be? You ought to live holy and godly lives 12a. as you look forward to the day of God and speed its coming.) a. Fact) What impact does the information about the end of the world have upon man?

The word everything is inclusive, for it refers to all that God has made. Man is part of God s creation and he, too, will perish. When the destruction takes place, man will inevitably meet his creator and judge. Before that day of judgment comes, God grants man a period of grace to reflect upon ethical questions.) b. Character) Peter asks the readers a personal question: What kind of people ought you to be? He by-passes the scoffers, who, he says, are kept for the day of judgment and destruction (v. 7).

Instead, he challenges the recipients of his letter to examine carefully what their purpose in life is.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.15-60.1.16|AUTODETECT|” The verb ought indicates that a divine obligation rests upon the readers; they are to be holy in all that they do 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.15-60.1.16|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:15 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Peter exhorts them to live in the sphere of God s holiness, so that when that great and awful day appears they continue to live in the presence of God. In the introduction to his first epistle, John encourages the Christians to have fellowship & with the Father and with his Son, Jesus Christ (1:3). In different wording, Peter says the same thing. Christians must cultivate holy living in full awareness of God s sacred presence, so that they become outstanding people. This is exactly Peter s question: What kind of people ought you to be? ) 1 4 2 8 0 0 c. Expectation) Christians must look into the future and expect the return of the Lord. Says Peter, Live holy and godly lives as you look forward to the day of God. Throughout his letter, Peter frequently fails to distinguish between God and Jesus. For him, the day of the Lord and the day of God are one and the same.) d. Interpretation) Peter adds the clause and speed its coming.

Another translation is possible: While you wait and long for the Day of God to come (JB), or As you wait eagerly for the day of God to come (marginal reading in NIV). The first translation, speed its coming, is active; the second translation, long for, is reflexive. Some commentators have opted for this second version because they believe that man is unable to change the time God has set for Christ s return.��43�� However, the cumulative evidence from Scripture, intertestamental literature, and Jewish sources supports the first translation, and speed its coming. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.22|AUTODETECT|” This is a startling statement indeed. Peter is saying that we have a vital part in shortening the time set for the coming of God s day. This saying corresponds with the ancient prayer the church has prayed since the first century: Maranatha, Come, O Lord! 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.22|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 16:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.20|AUTODETECT|” ; also see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.20|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 22:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.10|AUTODETECT|” ). Furthermore, it harmonizes with the petition your kingdom come 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.2|AUTODETECT|” Luke 11:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” ). In his discourse on the last day Jesus instructs his followers to proclaim the gospel to all nations, and then the end will come 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.19-44.3.21|AUTODETECT|” ). And last, Peter exhorts Christians to live holy and godly lives to speed the coming of God s day. When Peter addresses a crowd of people after healing the crippled beggar at the temple, he tells the people to repent in order to hasten the coming of Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.19-44.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 3:19 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.14.23|AUTODETECT|” In later Judaism, the teaching is prominent that repentance hastens the coming of the Messiah. For instance, here is a statement from a Jewish rabbi of about a.d. 300: If the Israelites were to repent for one day, then the Son of David (the Messiah) would come. ��44�� Peter writes that God delays the coming of the day of the Lord because God wants everyone to come to repentance (v. 9). Accordingly, if we wish to speed the coming of God s day, we should evangelize the world. When we bring the last of God s children to faith and repentance so that his house may be full 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.14.23|AUTODETECT|” Luke 14:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), then the end comes.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 12b. That day will bring about the destruction of the heavens by fire, and the elements will melt in the heat.) The wording of this text is a repetition of verse 10. However, because the last clause in verse 10 is not repeated, we should regard verse 12b as a refrain. Notice also a difference of purpose in relation to these two texts. In verse 10 Peter presents the manner, that is, how the day of the Lord will come; in verse 12b he indicates the result of this day, namely, the destruction of the heavens by fire. ��45��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.1|AUTODETECT|” In the Old Testament, the prophets frequently mention fire in connection with the final judgment. Here is one description of the day of the Lord: Surely the day is coming; it will burn like a furnace. All the arrogant and every evildoer will be stubble, and that day that is coming will set them on fire 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.8.7-66.8.8|AUTODETECT|” ).��46�� In the New Testament John mentions fire in the eschatological setting of the final judgment 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.8.7-66.8.8|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 8:7 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.9.17-66.9.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.9.17-66.9.18|AUTODETECT|” 9:17 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.16.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.16.8|AUTODETECT|” 16:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.8|AUTODETECT|” 18:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.9|AUTODETECT|” 20:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.46.6|AUTODETECT|” The words the elements will melt in the heat are an echo of Isaiah s prophecy: All the stars of the heavens will be dissolved (34:4). Moreover, the Old Testament uses the verb to melt of the dissolution of the earth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.46.6|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 46:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ) and the disappearance of mountains 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Mic. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). We assume that Peter relied on the wording of these Old Testament prophecies when he wrote this text. This reliance on Scripture is especially evident in the next verse.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 13. But in keeping with his promise we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth, the home of righteousness.) a. Promise) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Christians need not fear when they learn that fire will destroy God s creation. Living in God s fellowship, they belong to him and know that he keeps them safe. In addition, they have his promise to reassure them. What is this promise? In the three instances where the word promise occurs (vv. 4, 9, 13), Peter puts the term in the context of the day of the Lord. The promise is that in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.1|AUTODETECT|” ); at the end of time, he will create a new heaven and a new earth. This Old Testament message is paralleled in the next to the last chapter of the Bible. John writes, Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.1|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 21:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 12 2 8 0 0 b. Renewal) Peter writes that we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth. He borrows the wording from the prophecy of Isaiah:) This is what the sovereign Lord says:) Behold, I will create) new heavens and a new earth.) The former things will not be remembered,) nor will they come to mind. [65:13, 17]) ) As the new heavens and the new earth that I make will endure before me, declares the Lord, so will your name and descendants endure. [66:22]) Peter stresses the adjective new in his wording. Literally he says, new heavens and earth new. With the word new, Peter teaches that this new creation comes forth out of the old creation. That is, the old has given birth to the new.

The flood did not annihilate the earth, but changed it; and as the new earth was the consequence of the flood, so the final new heavens and earth shall be of the fire. ��47��) Observe also that the nouns heaven and earth lack definite articles, so that these two form a pair (see v. 10). The term heaven refers to the atmospheric heavens and not to the abode of the glorified saints. This abode needs no renewal because it is unaffected by sin.) (c) Home) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.22|AUTODETECT|” Because of sin, God s entire creation has been groaning as in pain, Paul writes 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.22|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is eagerly waiting for the day when creation is set free from the shackles of sin to share the glory of God s children. God banishes sin from the new heaven and the new earth and thus liberates his creation from its bondage. Peter calls this new creation the home of righteousness. He personifies the term righteousness and says that it has taken up its permanent abode in heaven and earth. This term brings these two together and makes them one.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 ) Doctrinal Considerations in 3:13) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.9|AUTODETECT|” The Bible is a book that teaches us about the creation of man, his fall into sin, his redemption through the atoning work of Jesus Christ, and the promise of complete restoration. When a follower of Christ leaves this earthly scene, he is translated to glory. He joins the countless multitude, dressed in white apparel, that surrounds God s throne 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.9|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 7:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.60.21|AUTODETECT|” On the last day when the graves are opened and all the saints receive glorified bodies, they will live on a new earth in holiness and righteousness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.60.21|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 60:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.27|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 21:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.22-66.21.24|AUTODETECT|” ). The inhabitants of this new earth will be forever with Jesus, who as the Son of Man will dwell with the saints. For the saints, to be eternally with Jesus is to be in heaven. They will always be in the light, for Jesus is their source of light 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.22-66.21.24|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 21:22 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.4-23.11.5|AUTODETECT|” ; also refer to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.4-23.11.5|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 11:4 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.61.10-23.61.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.61.10-23.61.11|AUTODETECT|” 61:10 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.6|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 23:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 34 2 8 0 0 There they need no sunshine bright,) In that city four-square;) For the Lamb is all the light,) And there is no night there.) God shall wipe away all tears;) There s no death, no pain, nor fears;) And they count not time by years;) For there is no night there.) John R. Clements) ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:11 13) Verse 11) ������ & �������� this is the genitive absolute construction that has a causal connotation. The present passive participle relates to the future passive indicative ��������� in the preceding verse (v. 10). The adjective ������ (all) is inclusive.) Verse 12) ���������� from the verb ������ (I hasten), this present active participle takes a direct object ��������� (coming). In this context, the participle should not be taken as intransitive: exert oneself. ) ������� in the present passive from ���� (passive: melt), this verb conveys the future tense.) Verse 13) ������� the adjective is used in comparing the new with the old, as in the saying, The new is better than the old. By contrast, the adjective ����� (new, novel) refers to that which has recently come into existence. ��48��) �P������ from the Septuagint, this noun is in the plural ( heavens ; a Hebrew usage) instead of the singular.) �������� Peter purposely chooses this compound verb to express permanence.

The compound consists of the preposition ���� (down) and the basic verb �0��� (I dwell).) ) VI. Exhortations) 3:14 18) 14 So then, dear friends, since you are looking forward to this, make every effort to be found spotless, blameless and at peace with him. 15 Bear in mind that our Lord s patience means salvation, just as our dear brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom that God gave him. 16 He writes the same way in all his letters, speaking in them of these matters. His letters contain some things that are hard to understand, which ignorant and unstable people distort, as they do the other Scriptures, to their own destruction.) 17 Therefore, dear friends, since you already know this, be on your guard so that you may not be carried away by the error of lawless men and fall from your secure position. 18 But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To him be glory both now and forever! Amen.) ) A. Be Blameless) 3:14) If the believers look forward to living eternally in a home of righteousness on the new earth, then already on this earth they ought to practice righteousness.

For this reason, Peter devotes the rest of his epistle to a series of exhortations in which he repeats and summarizes his pastoral concerns.) 14. So then, dear friends, since you are looking forward to this, make every effort to be found spotless, blameless and at peace with him.) a. Desire) The transition between this verse and the preceding verse (v. 13) is summed up in the expression so then. That is, the righteousness that characterizes the sinless environment of the saints in the day of the Lord already must be at work in the hearts and lives of the redeemed. As a loving pastor, Peter addresses the readers with the term dear friends, which literally means beloved (vv. 1, 8, 17).) Three times in as many verses, Peter uses the verb to look forward to (vv. 12, 13, 14). He knows that Christians live by hope, especially in respect to the return of the Lord.

For hope is living and efficacious; therefore it cannot be but that it will attract us to itself. ��49��) b. Work) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.12|AUTODETECT|” Peter directs the attention of the readers to Jesus and thus exhorts them to make every effort to be found spotless, blameless and at peace with him. Note that Peter is fond of the Greek expression to make every effort, which occurs in 1:5, 10 , and 15. This word stresses the responsibility of the individual Christian to exert himself in developing Christian conduct 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.12|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��50��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.19|AUTODETECT|” How does the Christian live righteously? Peter says that the believer must be found spotless and blameless. This means that the believer ought to follow the example of Jesus, who himself is without blemish or defect 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.19|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ). Peter s choice of words is deliberate, for he intimates that the readers are the exact opposite of the false teachers. He portrays these teachers as blots and blemishes (2:13). By contrast, Christians should pray Paul s prayer: that they may be blameless and holy in God s presence when Jesus returns 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.13|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.24|AUTODETECT|” ; also see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.24|AUTODETECT|” Jude 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 c. Peace) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Here is the conclusion to this verse: Make every effort to be & at peace with [Jesus]. The Christian knows that through Jesus Christ he has been justified by faith and that as a consequence he has peace with God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ). When the Christian lives in the light of God s Word and has fellowship with the Father and the Son, he is at peace with his Creator and Redeemer. He confesses his sin, receives remission, and is purified from all unrighteousness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.9|AUTODETECT|” I John 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 5 2 8 0 0 B. Accept God s Truth) 3:15 16) God communicates directly with his people through his Word. He asks them to accept this Word in faith, to claim salvation through Jesus Christ, and to treasure the Scriptures.) Salvation) 15a. Bear in mind that our Lord s patience means salvation.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.15.11-42.15.32|AUTODETECT|” Peter repeats himself for the sake of emphasis. Once more he thinks of the argument of the false teachers who scoff at Christ s return and the judgment day. Peter enjoins the readers to put their minds to work and seriously think about the reason for the delay. He wants them to understand the purpose for the patience God exhibits. For Peter, the reason is clear: Our Lord s patience means salvation. He exchanges the word God for Lord. God s patience, then, results in granting his people a period of extended grace. God is waiting patiently for the sinner to come to repentance and inherit salvation. God s patience is marvelously displayed in the parable of the prodigal son 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.15.11-42.15.32|AUTODETECT|” Luke 15:11 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). In this parable, the father did not go to that distant land where his son herded pigs for a Gentile farmer. If he had gone there and invited his son to come home, he would have had no guarantee of receiving an affirmative reply. Instead, the father waited patiently for the son to come to his senses, to confess his sins to God, to come home of his own accord, and to be reconciled.��51�� The patience of the waiting father was amply rewarded.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Peter calls God s grace that leads to salvation patience (see v. 9). Paul puts the same subject in different wording and calls it kindness. Rhetorically he asks, Or do you & not [realize] that God s kindness leads you toward repentance? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Yet when the period of grace has come to an end, the door that leads to salvation will be shut.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Wisdom) 15b. Just as our dear brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom that God gave him.) (a) Paul and Peter) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.11-48.2.14|AUTODETECT|” Apart from the incident in Antioch where Paul rebuked Peter for yielding to Jewish pressure not to eat with Gentile Christians 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.11-48.2.14|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:11 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ), the relationship between Peter and Paul was harmonious. Paul frequently mentions Peter in the First Epistle to the Corinthians (1:12; 3:22; 9:5; 15:5). He also visited Peter for fifteen days in Jerusalem 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ). Next, he states that Peter is an apostle to the Jews 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.6-44.15.21|AUTODETECT|” ) and is a pillar in the church (v. 9). Last, they met each other at the Jerusalem Council where both spoke regarding missions to the Gentiles 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.6-44.15.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:6 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 (b) A dear brother) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.40|AUTODETECT|” Peter holds no grudge against Paul for the correction he received in Antioch and for seeing the incident recorded in Paul s letter to the Galatians. The apostle is not afraid to admit his personal failure. Peter considers Paul a dear brother. In the New Testament, the term brother refers to a fellow believer; yet in this verse Peter may be thinking of the apostolic church when he writes the adjective our (compare 1:1, 16 19). We receive the distinct impression that a warm relationship existed between Peter and Paul.��52�� Also notice that Silas, who was a fellow worker of Paul 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.40|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.22-44.16.40|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.22-44.16.40|AUTODETECT|” 16:22 40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ), serves Peter as a scribe and presumably as his letter carrier 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.12|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 (c) Paul s letters) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Peter introduces the clause Paul also wrote you with the words just as, which refer to the previous verse (v. 15a). For this reason, scholars have searched the letters of Paul to find a distinct reference to God s patience and man s salvation.��53�� Because ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Romans 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.4|AUTODETECT|” is a parallel to verse 15a, they have suggested that Paul s letter to the Romans must have been sent to the readers of II Peter. Some scholars glean the indirect information that this letter was an epistle sent to all the churches 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 7 2 8 0 0 Although this suggestion has its merits, other scholars think that the recipients of II Peter are the same as those of I Peter. The readers, therefore, are residents of Asia Minor. Since Paul wrote letters to the churches in Asia Minor, one of these epistles (Galatians, Ephesians, Colossians) must be the letter Peter has in mind.��54�� However, difficulties remain, because the readers were acquainted with a number of Paul s epistles (see v. 16). Perhaps we should refrain from guesswork and simply admit that we do not know which letter Paul wrote to the readers of II Peter.) (d) God-given wisdom) Peter recognizes the spiritual gift that Paul had received from God. This gift is demonstrated in the inspired epistles he wrote and which were accepted by Christians as Scripture (see v. 16). For instance, Clement of Rome regards as inspired Paul s first epistle to the Corinthians.��55�� In that epistle, Paul relates that he has received wisdom from the Holy Spirit (2:6 16).

He acknowledges that this gift of wisdom has been granted to him by the Spirit (see 12:8).��56�� Consciously Paul employed this gift in writing his letters to churches and individuals.) Scriptures) 16. He writes the same way in all his letters, speaking in them of these matters. His letters contain some things that are hard to understand, which ignorant and unstable people distort, as they do the other Scriptures, to their own destruction.) We make the following comments:) (a) Write) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.16|AUTODETECT|” He writes the same way in all his letters. Although a literal translation has the word speaking as also in all his letters, speaking in them of these things (NASB) the sense demands the verb to write. Of greater importance is the fact that Peter and Paul are saying the same thing concerning the day of the Lord and God s patience toward the sinner. Peter s remark can refer to the letters that the church possessed up to that time. We are unable to say how many of Paul s thirteen canonical letters are included; nevertheless we assume that Peter s remark encompasses nearly all of them. From Paul s epistles we learn that he urged the churches to exchange the letters he had written, so that the people might come to know his teachings 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.27|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). We conclude that in Peter s day the church had a definite collection of Pauline epistles which were accepted as canonical (see v. 16b).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 (b) Understand) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1-53.2.12|AUTODETECT|” His letters contain some things that are hard to understand. Peter informs the reader that he has difficulties understanding Paul s teachings. (Some passages in Peter s epistles are not all that easy to explain either.) But, to the point, Peter acknowledges that Paul writes about the return of Christ in terms that are not clear. For example, Paul informs the believers in Thessalonica about the coming of Jesus Christ, the revelation concerning the man of lawlessness, and the one who holds it [the power of lawlessness] back 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1-53.2.12|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:1 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.10|AUTODETECT|” ; see especially vv. 6 7). Paul himself is aware of the difficult content of his letters. Thus he reports what the people in Corinth are saying about him: His letters are weighty and forceful, but in person he is unimpressive and his speaking amounts to nothing 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 10:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). As any reader of the Pauline epistles can testify, numerous passages need further elucidation. But in the light of Peter s epistle, we ought to limit ourselves to the topic at hand, namely, the doctrine concerning the day of the Lord.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 (c) Distort) Things & which ignorant and unstable people distort. Once again Peter takes the false teachers to task. Throughout the history of the church people have distorted Paul s teaching. Peter repeats his remarks concerning the errorists who seduce unstable and uninformed persons (2:14, 18). Together they twist the meaning of Scripture so that the truth of God s revelation is turned into a lie. As torturers make a victim on the rack say the opposite of the truth, so the false teachers place Scripture on the rack and distort its message.) (d) Destroy) As they do the other Scriptures, to their own destruction. False teachers, who have no regard for the holiness of Scripture and who twist its intended meaning, rush headlong into ruin. ��57�� Ultimately they face God, who has revealed himself in his Word and who turns Scripture against his adversaries to their own destruction.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.4|AUTODETECT|” From a New Testament perspective, the term Scripture applies to the entire Old Testament; it is understood to be God s inspired Word.��58�� Hence Jesus and the apostles appealed to the authoritative Scriptures, often with the introductory formula it is written 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ). Peter places the epistles of Paul on the same level as the Old Testament. He expresses not only his personal evaluation of Paul s letters, but also the thinking of the Christian community of that day. Paul himself tells the readers that he is conscious of inspiration and that his epistles are God s revelation. Thus Paul writes that God has revealed it to us by his Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.10|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.13.3|AUTODETECT|” ). He asserts that Christ is speaking through me 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.13.3|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 13:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ). And he observes that the Thessalonians accepted his teaching not as the word of men, but as it actually is, the word of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.13|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Last, Peter himself writes decisively about the production of Scripture as a work of God and man: Men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit (1:21). Accordingly, Michael Green asks the rhetorical question, How can one deny the equal applicability of the term [Scripture] to prophetic and apostolic writers when the ultimate authorship of God s Spirit is claimed for both? ��59��) 1 2 2 8 0 0 ) Doctrinal Considerations in 3:16) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” In the middle of the first century, Christians relied on the Old Testament Scriptures and on the spoken word of the apostles. But when the written Gospels and epistles appeared, the apostles were among the first to acknowledge the inherent divine authority of these writings. A vivid illustration of this point is that Paul states that the elders in the church, especially those whose work is preaching and teaching, are worthy of double honor 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.25.4|AUTODETECT|” ). He proves his point by quoting Scripture from two different sources. The first quotation is from the Old Testament: Do not muzzle the ox while it is treading out the grain 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.25.4|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 25:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.7|AUTODETECT|” ); the second is from the New Testament: The worker deserves his wages 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). By the time Paul writes to Timothy (presumably a.d. 63 65), some parts of the New Testament are in circulation and are considered equal in authority with the Old Testament.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.16|AUTODETECT|” The apostles themselves, then, give leadership in the churches and tell the believers that their epistles are divinely inspired 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.16|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). As Paul informs Timothy that Luke s Gospel is Scripture, so Peter writes that Paul s epistles are on a par with the Old Testament.) 1 10 2 8 0 0 ) Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 3:16) ����� the tense of the present active participle should not be considered proof that Paul was still alive at the time Peter wrote these words. The present tense applies to the content of Paul s letters and thus indicates that Peter s message has lasting significance.) � �7� the antecedent of this relative pronoun in the dative feminine plural lies in the noun ��������� (letters) and not in the nearer pronoun ������ (these).) C. Reject Error) 3:17) Peter is nearly at the end of his epistle. With a dual exhortation he encourages the believers, first, to be on guard against lawless men, and second, to grow spiritually in Jesus Christ. The first exhortation relates to external influences and the second to internal development.) 17. Therefore, dear friends, since you already know this, be on your guard so that you may not be carried away by the error of lawless men and fall from your secure position.) The adverb therefore forcefully contrasts the distorters of Scripture with the readers of Peter s epistle.

The believers Peter addresses are different from the false teachers and their followers. These believers need encouragement and guidance. Note that once again Peter tenderly addresses them with the greeting dear friends, that is, beloved (see vv. 1, 8, 14).) a. Since you already know this, be on your guard. Peter points to the experience that believers have had with false teachers who entered the Christian community with the purpose of twisting the meaning of Scripture. Peter tells the readers that because of the trying experiences they have had in their relations with these heretics, they should shun the company of such people.

The command in the Greek indicates that the believers are indeed guarding themselves. Nevertheless, Peter deems it necessary to reinforce them by describing the consequences of failing to heed his command.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.5|AUTODETECT|” b. So that you may not be carried away by the error of lawless men. The believers should always be on guard against error and deceit. By keeping close company with the errorists, they run the risk of being swept away by devious teachings. But teachings are always linked to conduct. In this case, they are able to observe the conduct of men whom Peter calls lawless. In fact, Peter uses the same expression when he describes the lawless men of Sodom and Gomorrah (2:7). These men do everything in their power to entice people who are just escaping from those who live in error (2:18). Therefore, watch out that no one deceives you 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.5|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.33|AUTODETECT|” c. And fall from your secure position. Let no one say that only recent converts fall into the clutches of lawless men. Peter knew from bitter personal experience that Satan attacks those who think they are secure. As spokesman for the disciples Peter told Jesus, Even if all fall away on account of you, I never will 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.33|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Yet within hours of saying these words, he denied his Master three times.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.31|AUTODETECT|” Jesus discloses that Satan had asked to sift all the disciples as wheat 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.31|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.24|AUTODETECT|” ; the Greek uses the plural you), but he had prayed for Peter that his faith might not fail (v. 32). What a comfort to know that Jesus prays for his people! We receive additional comfort from Jesus eschatological discourse, where he says that false Christs and prophets will come to deceive even the elect if that were possible 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.24|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.11|AUTODETECT|” ). Possessing that comfort, the believer must put on his spiritual armor 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.11|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) and strengthen fellow believers to stand firm against Satan s attacks.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 D. Grow in Grace) 3:18) 18. But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To him be glory both now and forever! Amen.) Here is Peter s last exhortation, expressed positively and firmly. The believers are already maturing spiritually, but Peter encourages them to continue to do so because the process of growing is their work.

This process is not a passive mode of existence, but one in which the individual believer has an active part.) Peter specifies how the believer must grow spiritually: in the grace and knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. In a sense, Peter reiterates part of the salutation at the beginning of his epistle. There he writes, Grace and peace be yours in abundance through the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord (1:2). But is Peter saying that believers ought to grow in the grace and knowledge that Jesus grants them or that believers should grow in the grace and in the knowledge that they have about Jesus Christ? Because grace and knowledge originate with God and through Christ are given to the believer, commentators admit that both interpretations are possible. They generally prefer the first explanation: Peter urges the believers to appropriate the spiritual qualities of grace and knowledge that Jesus grants them.��60�� Knowledge of Christ and knowledge about Christ are, if they keep pace with one another, both the safeguard against heresy and apostasy and also the means of growth in grace. ��61�� In short, Peter exhorts the Christians to become more like the Master by displaying his characteristics in their lives.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.5-66.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Peter concludes his letter with a doxology: To him be the glory both now and forever! Amen. Here is a doxology directed toward Christ. In other New Testament doxologies God receives the glory 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.5-66.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:5 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). By ascribing glory to Christ, Peter indicates that Jesus is divine and worthy of praise in the present as well as in eternity. The literal translation of the word forever is to the day of the age [of eternity]. In apocryphal literature a similar phrase, in the day of eternity (Sir. 18:10), occurs.) 1 19 2 8 0 0 This unique saying appears to be linked to the coming of the day of the Lord when cosmic time dissolves into eternity (v. 8). In harmony with many and varied manuscripts, we read the conclusion of the doxology with the resounding Amen.) Summary of Chapter 3) In this second epistle to his readers, Peter exhorts them to think clearly and to recall the teachings of the prophets and the apostles. He alerts them to the danger of the presence of scoffers in their midst, for these false teachers deny the return of Jesus Christ and the coming of the judgment day. Peter reminds the readers of the creation of the universe and the destructive forces of the flood. These facts the scoffers purposely forget. Yet as the world perished in the deluge, so heaven and earth will be destroyed by fire.) Peter teaches the readers about time and eternity when he compares a thousand years with one day in the sight of God.

The day of the Lord will be postponed because of God s patience toward sinners. Yet that day will come unexpectedly. When heaven and earth have been destroyed, a new heaven and a new earth will appear; they will be known as the home of righteousness.) God s patience signifies salvation for the sinner. This is the message Paul also conveys in all his epistles. Some unstable people twist the meaning of Scripture. Peter concludes his letter by exhorting the readers to be on guard and not to be dissuaded by the false teachers.

He urges the believers to grow in the grace and knowledge of Jesus Christ.) ) ) ) ) 1 Refer, e.g., to Michael Green, The Second Epistle General of Peter, and the General Epistle of Jude. An Introduction and Commentary, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1968), p. 123.) 2 Consult Charles Bigg, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistles of St. Peter and St. Jude, International Critical Commentary series (1901; Edinburgh: Clark, 1961), pp. 288 89. Also see G. H.

Boobyer, The Indebtedness of II Peter to I Peter, in New Testament Essays: Studies in Memory of T. W. Manson, ed. A. J. B.

Higgins (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1959), pp. 36 39.) NEB New English Bible) 3 Refer to S. Greijdanus, De Brieven van de Apostelen Petrus en Johannes, en de Brief van Judas, Kommentaar op het Nieuwe Testament series (Amsterdam: Van Bottenburg, 1929), p. 332. Also see John Calvin, Commentaries on the Catholic Epistles: The Second Epistle of Peter, ed. and trans. John Owen (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948), p. 413.) 4 Among others, consult Robert H. Mounce, A Living Hope: A Commentary on 1 and 2 Peter (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982), p. 138.) 5 See Green, The Second Epistle General of Peter, p. 125.) 6 Donald Guthrie, New Testament Theology (Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity, 1981), p. 300 n. 235.) 7 E.g., consult J. N.

D. Kelly, A Commentary on the Epistles of Peter and Jude, Thornapple Commentaries series (1969; Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981), p. 354. And see Richard J. Bauckham, Jude, 2 Peter, Word Commentary series, vol. 50 (Waco: Word, 1983), p. 288.) 8 Refer to C. F. D.

Moule, An Idiom-Book of New Testament Greek, 2d ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960), p. 168.) 9 Consult A. T. Robertson, A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research (Nashville: Broadman, 1934), p. 1086.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.52|AUTODETECT|” 10 These are the references: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.52|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:52) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.15-52.4.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.15-52.4.17|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 4:15 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7-53.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7-53.1.9|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:7 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.8-59.5.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.8-59.5.9|AUTODETECT|” James 5:8 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 15 2 8 0 0 11 Green observes that the question concerning Jesus return supports an early rather than a late date of Peter s letter. The Second Epistle General of Peter, p. 127.) Phillips The New Testament in Modern English) 12 Consult Edwin A. Blum, 2 Peter, in Hebrews-Revelation, vol. 12 of The Expositor s Bible Commentary, ed. Frank E. Gaebelein, 12 vols. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1981), p. 285.) 13 Leon Morris, Parousia, ISBE, vol. 3, p. 667.) 14 E.g., consult C. H.

Dodd, The Parables of the Kingdom (1935; rev. ed., New York: Charles Scribner s Sons, 1961).) 15 Moule, Idiom-Book, p. 178.) 16 Consult Robertson, Grammar, p. 880.) 17 H. E. Dana and Julius R. Mantey, A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament (1927; New York: Macmillan, 1967), p. 186.) 18 Two versions provide an alternate translation: In believing this, they do not take into account (NAB), or In taking this view, they lose sight of the fact (NEB).) 19 However, Peter uses the singular in 1:18. In I Peter, the word occurs three times: once in the plural (1:4 [in Greek]) and twice in the singular (1:12; 3:22).) 20 Consult Calvin, The Second Epistle of Peter, p. 416.) NIV New International Version) 21 Bauckham lists four interpretations of the phrase by which. See Jude, 2 Peter, p. 298.) 22 Consult Guthrie, New Testament Theology, p. 148.) NKJV New King James Version) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.50.3|AUTODETECT|” 23 See, e.g., ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.50.3|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 50:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.97.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.97.3|AUTODETECT|” 97:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.30.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.30.30|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 30:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.66.15-23.66.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.66.15-23.66.16|AUTODETECT|” 66:15 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.9-27.7.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.9-27.7.10|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 7:9 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Mic. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=36.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=36.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Zeph. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=36.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=36.3.8|AUTODETECT|” 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 14 2 8 0 0 24 See Kelly, Peter and Jude, p. 361.) 25 Refer to George E. Ladd, A Theology of the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974), p. 606.) 26 Consult Robertson, Grammar, p. 794.) 27 Consult John Albert Bengel, Gnomon of the New Testament, ed. Andrew R. Fausset, trans. William Fletcher, 7th ed., 5 vols. (Edinburgh: Clark, 1877), vol. 5, p. 106.) 28 The Epistle of Barnabas 15.4 (LCL).) 29 Irenaeus Against Heresies 5.28.3; also see 5.23.2; and consult Justin Martyr Dialogue 81 (Ante-Nicene Fathers). For intertestamental literature, see Jub. 4:30.) 30 Bauckham, Jude, 2 Peter, p. 313.

Also see Richard J. Bauckham, The Delay of the Parousia, TynB 31 (1980): 27.) 31 Refer to R. C. H. Lenski, The Interpretation of the Epistles of St. Peter, St.

John, and St. Jude (Columbus: Wartburg, 1945), p. 345.) 32 The KJV and NKJV have the reading toward us. Based on an alternate Greek reading, the margin of RSV has on your account, and Moffatt, for your sake. ) 33 Consult Louis Berkhof, Systematic Theology, 2d rev. ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1941), p. 442.) 34 Calvin, The Second Epistle of Peter, p. 419.) 35 Ibid. Compare Blum, 2 Peter, p. 286.) 36 Refer to Friedrich Blass and Albert Debrunner, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, trans. and rev. Robert Funk (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961), sec. 180.5.) 37 Consult Robertson, Grammar, p. 1128.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.42-40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” 38 Refer to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.42-40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:42 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.50|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.50|AUTODETECT|” 50) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.16.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.16.15|AUTODETECT|” 16:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 10 2 8 0 0 39 Hans-Helmut Esser, NIDNTT, vol. 2, p. 452. Also consult Gerhard Delling, TDNT, vol. 7, p. 686.) 40 See Joseph B. Mayor, The Epistle of St. Jude and the Second Epistle of St. Peter: Greek Text with Introduction and Notes (1907; Grand Rapids: Baker, 1965), p. 159.) NASB New American Standard Bible) SEB Simple English Bible) 41 NIV Study Bible, p. 1903, explanatory note on 3:10.) 42 Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, 3d corrected ed. (London and New York: United Bible Societies, 1975), p. 706.

Also see Bauckham, Jude, 2 Peter, pp. 317 19. And consult F. W. Danker s emendation in Bauer, p. 325.) JB Jerusalem Bible) 43 E.g., see Lenski, Interpretation of the Epistles, p. 348; Greijdanus, De Brieven, p. 345. Also consult Calvin, who interprets this verse (v. 12a) proverbially: Hasten slowly. The Second Epistle of Peter, p. 421.) 44 SB, vol. 1, p. 164.

Consult Bauckham, Jude, 2 Peter, p. 325. For intertestamental literature, see 2 Esd. 4:38 39; Sir. 36:8.) 45 Refer to Mayor, Jude and Peter, p. 162.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.66.15-23.66.16|AUTODETECT|” 46 Also see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.66.15-23.66.16|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 66:15 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.39.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.39.6|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 39:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=36.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=36.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Zeph. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=36.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=36.3.8|AUTODETECT|” 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.12.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.12.6|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 12:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 47 Henry Alford, Alford s Greek Testament: An Exegetical and Critical Commentary, 5th ed., 4 vols. (1857; Grand Rapids: Guardian, 1976), vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 418.) 48 R. C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament (1854; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1953), p. 220.) 49 Calvin, The Second Epistle of Peter, p. 422.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.10|AUTODETECT|” 50 Paul employs the Greek verb to make every effort a number of times 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.17|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.15|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.9|AUTODETECT|” 4:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.12|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.11|AUTODETECT|” ; also notice ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 4:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 4 2 8 0 0 51 Simon J. Kistemaker, The Parables of Jesus, 2d ed. (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980), pp. 220 21.) 52 Consult Mayor, Jude and Peter, p. 164.) 53 For example, consult Green, The Second Epistle General of Peter, p. 145.) 54 Refer to Bigg, The Epistles of St. Peter and St. Jude, p. 300.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.2|AUTODETECT|” 55 See I Clem. 47:1 3 (LCL). And refer to Polycarp s Epistle to the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Philippians 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (LCL).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.3|AUTODETECT|” 56 Also compare ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.15|AUTODETECT|” 15:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.10|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.10|AUTODETECT|” 15:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 5 2 8 0 0 57 Calvin, The Second Epistle of Peter, p. 425.) 58 In the New Testament, the term Scripture in both the singular and plural is used exclusively of Holy Scripture. Colin Brown, NIDNTT, vol. 3, p. 490.) 59 E. M. B. [Michael] Green, 2 Peter Reconsidered (London: Tyndale, 1961), p. 32.) 60 For the concept knowledge, consult 1:2, 3, 5, 6, 8.) 61 Green, The Second Epistle General of Peter, p. 151.)