Matthew 17

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StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size StandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsItalicUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsBoldUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueSubSuperScriptTypervsssSuperScriptUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size-9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 �BiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabsStandardSpaceBefore SpaceAfterTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 3 3 8 0 0 CHAPTER XVII ) Outline of Chapter 17 ) Theme: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Work Which Thou Gavest Him to Do) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 5 3 8 0 0 17:1 13 The Transfiguration of Jesus on a High Mountain ) 17:14 20 The Healing of an Epileptic Boy ) 17:22, 23 The Second Prediction of the Passion and the Resurrection ) 17:24 27 The Payment of the Temple Tax ) 17:1 13 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Transfiguration of Jesus on a High Mountain) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.2-41.9.13|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.2-41.9.13|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:2 13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.28-42.9.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.28-42.9.36|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:28 36) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 17 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 1 Six days later Jesus took with him Peter and James and John his brother, and led them up a high mountain (to be) alone (with them). 2 And he was transfigured before them; his face shone like the sun, and his clothes became white as the light. 3 And look, there appeared to them Moses and Elijah, engaged in conversation with him. 4 Then Peter spoke up and said to Jesus, Lord, how good it is for us to be here! If you wish, I will make three shelters, one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah. 5 While he was still talking a bright cloud suddenly covered them, and a voice from the cloud was saying, This is my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased; listen to him! ) 6 3 3 8 0 0 6 Upon hearing this the disciples fell on their faces and were terribly frightened. 7 Then Jesus approached, touched them, and said, Get up and do not be afraid. 8 And when they raised their eyes they saw no one but Jesus only. ) 9 And when they were coming down the mountain Jesus warned them, saying, Never tell anyone what you have seen, until the Son of man is raised from the dead. 10 The disciples asked him, saying, Then why do the scribes say that first Elijah has to come? 11 He answered and said, Elijah is coming and is going to restore everything. 12 But I say to you that Elijah already came, but they failed to recognize him, and treated him as they pleased. Similarly the Son of man is about to suffer at their hands. 13 Then the disciples understood that he had spoken to them about John the Baptist. ) The exaltation of Jesus, from resurrection to second coming, is foreshadowed in the transfiguration, recorded here in 17:1 13; especially in verses 1 8. This transfiguration served the twofold purpose of: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 a.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.2|AUTODETECT|” preparing the Mediator to face with courage his bitter trial, by reminding him of the Father s constant love (17:5) and of the glory that would follow his suffering 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.2|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 b.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.16|AUTODETECT|” confirming the faith of Peter, James, and John and indirectly of the entire church afterward in the truth that had been revealed to and confessed by Simon Peter, as spokesman for The Twelve 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.16|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 16:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 8 1 3 8 0 0

1. Six days later Jesus took with him Peter and James and John his brother, and led them up a high mountain (to be) alone (with them).) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.28|AUTODETECT|” The expression six days later is not in conflict with ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.28|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:28) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , about eight days after these sayings. Luke may have included both the day of Peter s confession and that of Christ s transfiguration when he wrote as he did; besides, he does not intend to be precise, for he says ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 about) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 eight days. Matthew and Mark may have used the exclusive method of time computation, referring only to the six intervening days. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.37|AUTODETECT|” Most of the events pertaining to Jesus sojourn on earth could be safely witnessed by all the twelve disciples. There were others, however, that took place in the presence of only three of these men. Exactly why this was we can only guess. Did Jesus allow only three disciples to enter the room where the resurrection of the daughter of Jairus took place 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.37|AUTODETECT|” Mark 5:37) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.51|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.51|AUTODETECT|” Luke 8:51) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.37|AUTODETECT|” ), because the presence of the entire group would not have been in accord with proper decorum and might have disturbed the child when she reopened her eyes? Was the Master s Gethsemane agony too sacred to be witnessed by more than three of the disciples 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.37|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:37) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.33|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:33) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.0|AUTODETECT|” ), and was it for this reason that even then it was witnessed by these three to only a very limited extent? And is it possible that the transfiguration, described here in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.0|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.1|AUTODETECT|” and its parallels, could have only three disciples as eye-witnesses 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.2|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.28|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:28) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.9|AUTODETECT|” ), because otherwise the injunction mentioned in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.9|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 would have been more difficult to enforce? Such may have been the reasons, but we do not know. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Neither do we definitely know why Peter, James, and John were the ones chosen. Some say, Because these were the three disciples most capable to understand and sympathize. ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref1 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn1”

617. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� Others, Because these were among Jesus first disciples. ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref2 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn2”
618. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� See on 4:18, 21; also ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref3 10 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn3” N.T.C.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.35-43.1.37|AUTODETECT|” on ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.35-43.1.37|AUTODETECT|” John 1:35 37) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.40|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.40|AUTODETECT|”
619. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.41|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.41|AUTODETECT|”
620. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Both of these answers may be true; at least, may contain an element of truth. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.16-40.16.19|AUTODETECT|” That Peter was among the three does not surprise us, in view of ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.16-40.16.19|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 16:16 19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.23|AUTODETECT|” . It is entirely possible that John s spiritual affinity with His Master he was the disciple whom Jesus loved 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.23|AUTODETECT|” John 13:23) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.26|AUTODETECT|” 19:26) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.2|AUTODETECT|” 20:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.7|AUTODETECT|” 21:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.10|AUTODETECT|”
621. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.2|AUTODETECT|” ) accounted for his inclusion in this innermost circle. But what about James, John s brother? Was it not considerate of the Lord to grant to him, who was going to be the first of The Twelve to seal his testimony with his blood 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.2|AUTODETECT|” Acts 12:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), the privilege of being included among the three intimate witnesses? ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.19.15|AUTODETECT|” These are considerations that may well be taken into account in considering the question, Why these three? Nevertheless, it must be frankly admitted that the answer to this question, as also the answer to the previous one, has not been revealed. It is easier to understand why there had to be witnesses at all, namely, so that, when the proper time arrived, they could testify to the church concerning the things they had seen and heard. Besides, see ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.19.15|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 19:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.16|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.17|AUTODETECT|” John 8:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.13.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.13.1|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 13:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.19|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:19) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14|AUTODETECT|” It is impossible with certainty to identify the high mountain to which Jesus brought the three. Some say, It was Mount Tabor. However, in view of the fact that there was at that time a city or fortress on top of that mountain it is not easy to see how the Lord and these three men could here have found the privacy they were seeking. Mount Hermon is favored by others. However, when Jesus and the three descend from the mountain he is met by a great multitude, including scribes 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). This seems to indicate that the Mount of Transfiguration, as it can safely be called, was not in the far north, populated mostly by Gentiles. A far more logical place is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Jebel Jermak) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Jermuk) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.28|AUTODETECT|” ) in Upper Galilee, the highest elevation in that entire region, rising 4,000 feet above the Mediterranean Sea, affording a beautiful view in all directions. From this mountain it was but a relatively short distance to Capernaum, which Jesus seems to have reached soon afterward 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.28|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:28) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.33|AUTODETECT|”
622. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). We are, of course, not certain that this was the high mountain to which Matthew refers, but at least it fills all the requirements.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref4 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn4”
623. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 8 1 3 8 0 0

2. And he was transfigured before them; his face shone like the sun, and his clothes became white as the light.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Some are of the opinion that an actual metamorphosis took place.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref5 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn5”

620. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� Now metamorphoses come in various shapes and degrees. A radical example would be that of an outraged girl changing into a nightingale, or that of a boastful woman into a stone 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Metamorphoses) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Milder illustrations would be the transformation of a caterpillar into a butterfly, or of a tadpole into a frog. The context here in verse 2 does not point in any such direction. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 It is necessary, however, also to guard against the opposite extreme,��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref6 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn6”
621. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� as if Christ s altered appearance was simply due to an exalted state of mind, and as if Moses and Elijah appeared only in a vision (with an appeal to verse 9, but see on that passage). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.32|AUTODETECT|” All the passage under consideration really tells us is that, while the little group was on the mountain, the disciples, who had been sleeping but were now fully awake 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.32|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:32) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), saw clearly that a change of appearance came over Jesus, so that not only his face began to shine like the sun but even his clothes became white and radiant with dazzling light. The source of the sudden, extraordinary brightness is not indicated. Some i) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 magi) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.29|AUTODETECT|” ne that it was all due to the setting sun (in which case the disciples must have become heavy with sleep rather early!); others, to the divine glory bursting forth from within; and still others, to Christ s exalted state of mind brought about by the fact that he had been in communion with his heavenly Father 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.29|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:29) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). How this could have affected his clothes is either skipped or else the sun is brought in to take care of that difficulty. Since no explanations are given in the text it is probably best to omit all speculation, and to postpone further elucidation until we reach verse 5. Continued: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0

3. And look, there appeared to them Moses and Elijah, engaged in conversation with him.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.1|AUTODETECT|” This was a visible, objective appearance of these two men. For comparable manifestations, perceptible to the senses, see ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.1|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 18:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.2|AUTODETECT|”

2. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.19.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.19.1|AUTODETECT|” 19:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.3|AUTODETECT|” Judg. 13:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ; etc. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 How did the disciples know that these two visitors from the other world, who suddenly appeared upon the scene, were Moses and Elijah? Did they introduce themselves? Did the disciples gather this information from the words spoken by each in his conversation with Jesus? Had the appearance of the two been transmitted to the disciples by tradition, whether oral or written, so that for this reason it was easy to distinguish between the two? Was it divinely revealed to them? Did they know it intuitively?

Or, last but not the least fanciful, was Moses carrying in his hand a copy of the law, and did Elijah descend from heaven to the mount in his fiery chariot? All we know, and need to know, is that in a manner not revealed to us the three disciples recognized the two visitors. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.34.5|AUTODETECT|” As to Moses, we know that he had died and had been buried 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.34.5|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 34:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.34.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.34.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ). Had his body subsequently been disinterred and translated to heaven, and does ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Jude 9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.2.11|AUTODETECT|” indirectly support this theory? Or was his body still buried, and did God equip his soul with another body to be used just for this occasion? As to Elijah, we know that he never died, but was bodily translated to heaven 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.2.11|AUTODETECT|” II Kings 2:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.31|AUTODETECT|” So, here they are: Moses and Elijah, appearing in glory, probably meaning, surrounded with heavenly brightness, and speaking with Jesus about his exodus or departure, which he was to accomplish in Jerusalem 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.31|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:31) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.15|AUTODETECT|” ). That the word departure has reference to the Lord s bitter suffering and especially to his death needs no proof. See also ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.15|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . The question has been asked, Does it include the resurrection? The question is, however, not very important, for even if the word in and by itself should not be that inclusive, is it conceivable that the heavenly visitors spoke with Jesus about his death without even mentioning his victory over death? Matthew, however, does not touch upon the topic of conversation between Jesus and the two. He merely states that the two were engaged in conversation with or conversing with Jesus. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.17|AUTODETECT|” Why just these two? Leaving aside all useless speculation, the simplest and best answer still seems to be that Moses and Elijah represented respectively the law and the prophets, both of which Jesus had come to fulfil 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 24:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.44|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.44|AUTODETECT|” 44) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 4. Then Peter spoke up and said to Jesus, Lord, how good it is for us to be here! If you wish, I will make three shelters, one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.32|AUTODETECT|” The trouble with Peter was that too often he spoke first and did his thinking afterward, if at all. So also here. Still, we should not be too hard on him, for he had just been awakened out of his sleep and did not know what he was saying 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.32|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:32) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.33|AUTODETECT|” 33) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Also, he certainly does not evince any selfishness: he wants to make ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 three) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 shelters, not four (including one for himself) or six (also one for James and one for John). ) 6 3 3 8 0 0 Nevertheless, his suggestion was foolish. As if Jesus and the two visitors had no other means of protecting themselves against the cold. Besides, would branches and shrubbery let us suppose that they were immediately available provide sturdy protection, had it been needed? ) It might be said in Peter s favor that he at least submits the suggestion to the Lord, so that the latter may decide. On the other hand, this apostle s very desire to prolong the glory-scene shows that he had not yet fully taken to heart what Jesus had taught him (see on 16:23 25). From suffering, from the cross, whether for Jesus or for himself, he wishes to stay far removed. ) Peter s question did not even receive an answer; either that, or else: the answer was included in the action reported in verse ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 5. While he was still talking a bright cloud suddenly covered them& ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.13.21|AUTODETECT|” In Scripture the presence of God is often indicated by the mention of a cloud. In several cases, as also here, it is a bright, white, or luminous cloud 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.13.21|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 13:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.16.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.16.10|AUTODETECT|” 16:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.40.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.40.35|AUTODETECT|” 40:35) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.10|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 8:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.9.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.9.19|AUTODETECT|” Neh. 9:19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.78.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.78.14|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 78:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 1:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14-66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14-66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 14:14 16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The disciples saw that this cloud of diffused light covered Jesus, Moses, and Elijah. Continued: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 and a voice from the cloud was saying, This is my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased; listen to him.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The explanation has already been given, for, with the exception of listen to him, the identical words were spoken also at Jesus baptism. See on 3:17. At that occasion the words were heard by Jesus and by John the Baptist; whether also by others is not definitely stated. Here, in connection with the transfiguration, these words were heard by Jesus and the three disciples: Peter, James, and John, who are urged to keep on listening to the words of the Father s beloved Son, and to take them to heart. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 It has been pointed out previously, in connection with verses 1 and 2, that many questions with respect to Christ s transfiguration cannot be answered. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 One) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|” thing is clear, however. When we put together into a composite picture all that has been definitely revealed such as, Christ s radiant countenance, his white garments, the resplendent visitors, the bright cloud, and the love-revealing voice the total impression is exactly that which Peter, inspired by the Holy Spirit, subsequently summarized in these words, We were eye-witnesses of his majesty.& He received honor and glory from God the Father 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). All in all, therefore, the transfiguration of Jesus was both for himself and for the disciples who witnessed it a definitely positive, encouraging, glorious experience. It was the Father who, in his great love for the Son, clothed him with glory and encouraged him with a bracing re-affirmation of continued delight, in order that this might sustain him in his fast approaching agony. It was this same Father who simultaneously strengthened Peter, James, and John in their faith, enabling them to be worthy and exuberant witnesses.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref7 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn7” 622) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 For the moment, however, the voice from the cloud startled the disciples: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 6. Upon hearing this the disciples fell on their faces and were terribly frightened.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.10|AUTODETECT|” The night, the luminous cloud visible manifestation of the presence of God the sudden voice coming out of the cloud, all these combined to fill the hearts and minds of the three men with fear and trembling. In the presence of that which is holy and filled with majesty sinful men become frightened 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.10|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 3:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.6.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.6.22|AUTODETECT|” Judg. 6:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.22|AUTODETECT|” 13:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.6.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.6.5|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 6:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.8.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.8.17|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 8:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.9|AUTODETECT|” 10:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=35.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=35.3.16|AUTODETECT|” Hab. 3:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 a). Says Calvin, commenting on this verse, God intended that the disciples should be struck with this terror, in order to impress more fully on their hearts the memory of this vision. Continued: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 7. Then Jesus approached, touched them, and said, Get up and do not be afraid.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Jesus loves these men. So, to comfort them he walks up to them and tenderly touches them 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He tells them to arise and to stop being afraid. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.14.13-2.14.15|AUTODETECT|” The words Be not afraid in one form or another are found throughout Scripture, showing that God is love 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.14.13-2.14.15|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 14:13 15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.1.5-6.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.1.5-6.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Josh. 1:5 7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.11.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.11.6|AUTODETECT|” 11:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.19.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.19.6|AUTODETECT|” II Kings 19:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.4.14|AUTODETECT|” Neh. 4:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.9|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.1-23.43.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.1-23.43.7|AUTODETECT|” 43:1 7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.27|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 14:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.10|AUTODETECT|” 28:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.36|AUTODETECT|” Mark 5:36) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.9|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.18|AUTODETECT|” b, ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). How this cheerful ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 negative) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 saying, Be not afraid reminds us of its ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 affirmative) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 complement, Take courage (for which see on 9:2). Such exhortations are either empty or meaningful, either flippant or strength-imparting. When they are uttered by him who is able and eager to supply whatever is needed in any circumstance of life they really help! ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 8. And when they raised their eyes they saw no one but Jesus only.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The Lord not only tells these men not to be fear-filled; he also removes the reason for their fear. He sees to it that the strangeness, brilliance, and majesty of the scene is not prolonged beyond what they can bear. Result: when Peter, James, and John take hold of themselves and raise their eyes, the bright cloud, together with the heavenly visitors, has vanished, so that the disciples see no one but Jesus. Even he does not scare them, for the dazzling brightness has left him. The event has ended. Its memory remains. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The scene changes: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 9. And when they were coming down the mountain Jesus warned them, saying, Never tell anyone what you have seen, until the Son of man is raised from the dead.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The reason for this warning has already been given (see on 16:20). The injunction, never tell ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 anyone) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 naturally implies, not even the other nine disciples. Every danger of a premature public proclamation must be avoided. When the proper time arrives, that is, after the Son of man s resurrection, the story of the transfiguration can, will, and must be proclaimed. The very fact of the resurrection will shed the necessary light on it. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Jesus said, never tell anyone ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 what you have seen) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . In the present context this is a much better rendering than Tell ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the vision) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 to no man -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref8 10 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn8” A.V.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and several others). That translation is very ambiguous: it suggests that the transfiguration may not have been historical; that perhaps it never really happened at all, except in the mind of the three apostles. Even an objective vision, one that is not the product of subjective i) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 magi) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|” nation but of divine revelation, as were the visions which the apostle John was going to receive on the island of Patmos, will not do in the present case. The statement: He [Jesus] was transfigured (verse 2) and Peter s commentary 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.10|AUTODETECT|” ) rule out the vision idea in any form whatever. What the three men had seen was as real as was the voice which they had heard. Moreover, although it is true that the word used in the original frequently does have the meaning vision 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.10|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.3|AUTODETECT|” 10:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.5|AUTODETECT|” 11:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.9|AUTODETECT|” 12:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.9|AUTODETECT|” 16:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.9|AUTODETECT|” 18:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), that is not always the case. See the footnote for further information on this point.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref9 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn9” 623) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Christ s injunction produced the following reaction: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 10. The disciples asked him, saying, Then why do the scribes say that first Elijah has to come?) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.5|AUTODETECT|” There are several interpretations of this question. In view of the immediately preceding context the simplest would seem to be this: Jesus just now had spoken about his resurrection from the dead, implying his imminent death. But not only does it seem strange to the disciples that Messiah would have to die at all (cf. 16:22), what bothers them also is that such a death would, as they see it, leave Messianic prophecy unfulfilled. Are not the scribes constantly saying that according to ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.5|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.17.1|AUTODETECT|” (3:23, 24 in the Hebrew Bible) Messiah s coming would be preceded by that of Elijah? They were probably even using this prophecy to prove that Jesus could therefore not be the Christ, for Elijah had not yet returned. Now the disciples, by means of their spokesman, have already confessed Jesus to be Messiah (16:16), but the non-fulfilment of prophecy with respect to the sequence of the two comings first Elijah s, then Christ s puzzles them; for even though the Tishbite 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.17.1|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 17:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) obviously has not yet reappeared upon the scene of history, turning the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, Jesus, the Messiah or Christ, not only has already arrived but even declares that he is about to die. In view of Malachi s prediction how is this possible?��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref10 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn10” 624) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 In answering the question of the disciples and solving their problem Jesus first of all declares that the scribes were right in maintaining that Elijah s coming would precede Christ s: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 11, 12a. He answered and said, Elijah is coming and is going to restore everything.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Though Christ s denunciation of the scribes could at times be sharp and cutting (5:20; 12:39; 15:3, 7; 23:13, etc.: the seven woes), he never went to the extreme of condemning all their teachings (see on 23:2, 3a). Here he is saying that the view of the scribes with respect to the sequence of the two comings first Elijah s, then Messiah s was correct; as was also their theory that Elijah had been called in order to bring about a restoration; and their conviction that Elijah s coming is a divine must, because ordered in God s eternal plan and predicted by God s prophet. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Nevertheless, the scribes were making a mistake, and so were these three men, for it was the literal Elijah whose return they expected, the Tishbite in person. So, secondly, Jesus directs the attention of Peter, James, and John to the Elijah to whom Malachi actually was referring, and who had already arrived: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 But I say to you that Elijah already came.& ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Jesus was thinking of John the Baptist, whose arrival had preceded his (Christ s) own, and who in a worthy manner had been his forerunner, paving the way for his own ministry. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 In order to understand the sense in which the Baptist was not Elijah, as also the sense in which he was indeed Elijah, all that is necessary is to combine the following three statements: ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.19|AUTODETECT|” a. When the Jews sent priests and Levites to him [i.e., to John the Baptist] and asked him, Are you Elijah? he said, I am not 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.19|AUTODETECT|” John 1:19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.14|AUTODETECT|” b. Jesus said, And if you are willing to accept it, he [John the Baptist] is Elijah who was to come 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.14|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.10|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.10|AUTODETECT|” 11:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.17|AUTODETECT|” c. He [the promised child; hence, John the Baptist] shall go before his face in the spirit and power of Elijah 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.27|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.27|AUTODETECT|” 7:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Summary: Malachi s prophecy had actually been fulfilled, not, to be sure, literally but figuratively, namely, in John the Baptist, who, because he went forth in the spirit and power of Elijah, deserved to be called Elijah. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” There is a slight difficulty that must still be cleared up. The question may be asked, But is it true that John the Baptist had brought about a restoration sufficiently important to satisfy the requirements of ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.11|AUTODETECT|” and ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ? ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref11 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn11” 625) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.5|AUTODETECT|” �� In answering this question it should be pointed out, first, that the number of those people for whom, by God s grace, John became a great blessing, must have been considerable 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 3:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.5|AUTODETECT|” 14:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.3|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.12|AUTODETECT|” ). Nevertheless, as ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.12|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” b indicates, the emphasis should not be placed on the number or quantity of people affected, but on the thorough-going character or quality of the change which John, as God s servant, demanded and was instrumental in bringing about; a turnabout of heart, mind, and life so radical that for those experiencing it all things, including the relation between parents and children, would indeed become new. Viewed in this light ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.11|AUTODETECT|” and ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 no longer present any great difficulty. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 12b. But they failed to recognize him, and treated him as they pleased.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.16-40.11.18|AUTODETECT|” By and large the people did not take to heart the preaching of the Baptist, completely failing to recognize in him the fulfilment of prophecy 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.16-40.11.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:16 18) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), though they probably continued to regard him as a great man, a prophet (21:26). The religious leaders of the Jews turned against him (21:25). Herod Antipas killed him (14:3, 10). Instead of asking, How does ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 God) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 want us to treat John the Baptist? they did to him whatever ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 they) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 pleased. Jesus adds, ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 Similarly the Son of man is about to suffer at their hands.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.11|AUTODETECT|” The same combination the people in general, the religious leaders, the political authorities was about to afflict and kill Jesus. The mob was going to exclaim, His blood be on us and our children (27:25). In demanding that Jesus be crucified the people were going to co-operate with their leaders (27:20 23). From ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.11|AUTODETECT|” John 19:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.11|AUTODETECT|” it is clear that Pilate too was going to heap guilt upon himself, though in lesser degree than the Jewish leaders. And so was Herod Antipas 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.11|AUTODETECT|” Luke 23:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.27|AUTODETECT|” ), the very man who had ordered the Baptist s execution. The entire world of unbelief was about to combine against Christ 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.27|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref12 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn12” 626) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 When Jesus assured the three that Elijah had already come, and had been rejected and killed, ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 13. Then the disciples understood that he had spoken to them about John the Baptist.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 In view of the fact that this was not the first time that Jesus had identified the Baptist with the Elijah whose return had been predicted (see on 11:14), and that, as has been shown previously, the two namely, the Tishbite and the Baptist resembled each other in many ways, the truth finally dawned on the three men that their Master had been speaking to them about John the Baptist. Except for the fact that they still experienced difficulty in understanding why the Messiah had to be afflicted and killed, and were in the dark about the resurrection, their problem, the one mentioned in verse 10, was now solved. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 17:14 20 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Healing of an Epileptic Boy) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14-41.9.29|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14-41.9.29|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:14 29) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.37-42.9.43|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.37-42.9.43|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:37 43) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 a ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 14 And when they came to the crowd a man approached him and kneeling before him said, 15 Lord, take pity on my son, for he is an epileptic and suffers severely; for he often falls into the fire and often into the water. 16 And I brought him to your disciples but they couldn t cure him. 17 Jesus answered and said, O faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I be with you; how long shall I put up with you? Bring him here to me. 18 And Jesus rebuked the demon, and it came out of him, and from that very moment the boy was cured. 19 Then the disciples came to Jesus privately and said, Why could we not cast it out? 20 He said to them, Because of your little faith; for I solemnly declare to you, if you have faith as a mustard seed, you shall say to this mountain, Move from here to there, and it shall move; and nothing shall be impossible to you. ) Raphael s painting, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Transfiguration,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref13 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn13” 627) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.37|AUTODETECT|” �� on which that famous artist worked himself to death, dramatizes the contrast between that which had taken place on the summit of the mountain and what was happening in the plain below. Only, Raphael has united the two scenes that must have occurred at a considerable distance from each other and a day apart 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.37|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:37) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). But in bringing the two scenes together Raphael rendered a real service, emphasizing exactly what the Synoptists also seem to stress, namely, the tremendous contrast between the glory above (represented by the upper half of Raphael s masterpiece) and the shame and confusion below (the lower half). Above is the light, below are the shadows. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.38|AUTODETECT|” Nevertheless, there is also similarity: on the summit the Father, in spoken words, had reaffirmed his love to his only, his beloved Son; in the plain a father agonizingly intercedes in behalf of his only child 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:38) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), a son grievously afflicted. We are shown how the great, unique Only Son, in his infinite love, revealed his power and compassion to this other only son and to the latter s father, the man who uttered the heart-rending cry: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 14, 15. And when they came to the crowd a man approached him and kneeling before him said, Lord, take pity on my son, for he is an epileptic and suffers severely.& ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 This story is found in all three Synoptics, but it is Mark who has given us the most complete account. Luke too supplies certain details not found in the others. Matthew tells us that when Jesus with his three disciples had descended to the plain they saw ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 a.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 a crowd, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 b.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 a man from this crowd stepping up to Jesus and kneeling down in front of him, and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 c.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14|AUTODETECT|” (implied) this man s son. In verse 16 the nine disciples who had been left behind when Jesus with the three ascended to the summit are also brought into the picture. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 adds the scribes, who were arguing with the nine disciples, probably mocking the nine because they had been unable to heal the boy. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The man who with reverence and humility is kneeling down before Jesus is in deep agony, for his only child is an epileptic.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref14 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn14” 628) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� The poor child had it bad, suffered severely: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 for he often falls into the fire and often into the water.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.18|AUTODETECT|” He had to be watched all the while; even so, terrible accidents, such as falling into the fire and into the water, would occur again and again, endangering his very life. Symptoms of epilepsy, such as foaming at the mouth, having convulsions, and teeth-grinding, are added in the other Gospels 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.18|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:18) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.39|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.39|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:39) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.25|AUTODETECT|” ). The condition was even more grave than this, for in addition to being an epileptic this boy was also deaf and dumb 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.25|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:25) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.17|AUTODETECT|” ). Worst of all, these afflictions had been brought about by a spirit, that is, the boy was demon-possessed (as Matthew finally states in 17:18; the other evangelists much earlier in their separate accounts: ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.17|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.39|AUTODETECT|” , repeated in verses 20, 22, 25, 26, 28, 29; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.39|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:39) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.40|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.40|AUTODETECT|” 40) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.42|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.42|AUTODETECT|” 42) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Demon-possession has been discussed in connection with 9:32. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 It was the pity or compassion of the Lord to which the tempest-tossed father appealed. He did not doubt the fact that Jesus was indeed filled with mercy and kindness. That is why he pleaded, Lord, take pity on my son. On the other hand, the man s faith in Christ s ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 power) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.22-41.9.24|AUTODETECT|” needed strengthening 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.22-41.9.24|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:22 24) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Next, the deeply distressed father said to Jesus: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 16. And I brought him to your disciples but they couldn t cure him.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.17|AUTODETECT|” Evidently he had brought his boy to the nine disciples in the hope that Jesus was with them, for from the very beginning it had been his purpose to seek the Savior s help, not that of the disciples 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.17|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.1|AUTODETECT|” ). However, when he noticed that Jesus was not among them he had asked the disciples to heal the boy. After all, these men had been commissioned by their Master to cast out unclean spirits and to heal every sickness and every infirmity 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.13|AUTODETECT|” ). That they had also been doing this is evident from ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.13|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.30|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.30|AUTODETECT|” 30) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.6-42.9.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.6-42.9.10|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:6 10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . This time, however, something had happened that had never occurred previously, as far as the record shows: the disciples had not been able to cure the lad. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 And now Christ s reaction: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 17. Jesus answered and said, O faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I be with you how long shall I put up with you?) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.22-41.9.24|AUTODETECT|” When from the dazzling splendor of the transfiguration Jesus descended to the pitiable situation below he, by means of this exclamation, gave expression to his pain and indignation. The fact that he directed his complaint to the generation shows that he cannot have been thinking only of the nine disciples who had failed in this emergency. He was evidently deeply dissatisfied with his contemporaries: with the father, who lacked sufficient faith in Christ s healing power 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.22-41.9.24|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:22 24) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14|AUTODETECT|” ); with the scribes, who, instead of showing any pity, were in all probability gloating over the disciples impotence 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.26|AUTODETECT|” ); with the crowd in general, which is pictured in the Gospels as being generally far more concerned about itself than about others 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.26|AUTODETECT|” John 6:26) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.29|AUTODETECT|” ); and, last but not least, with the nine disciples, because of their failure to exercise their faith by putting their whole heart into persevering prayer 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.29|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:29) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 To a greater or lesser extent all were faithless, lacking in the exercise of true, warm, enduring faith, a faith operating effectively. By and large the minds and hearts of these people were perverted, that is twisted and degenerate, turned in the wrong direction, away from undivided trust in God. When Jesus adds, How long shall I be with you; how long shall I put up with you? he shows that in view of his own trust in the heavenly Father, a confidence that was faultless, and in view of his own love which was infinite and tender, it was painful for him to put up with (the exact meaning of the original) those who lacked these qualities or who failed to exercise these virtues in a sufficient degree. His ministry had lasted almost three years by now. He was longing for the end. ) By means of the heart-warming and positive command, ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 Bring him here to me,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Jesus gave the perfect example of proper behavior during annoying and distressing circumstances. In what he was about to do he revealed not only his power but also, as always his love. The result was: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 18. And Jesus rebuked the demon, and it came out of him, and from that very moment the boy was cured.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.20-41.9.27|AUTODETECT|” A detailed account of the rage of the demon in being ordered to leave the boy, of the father s prayer for increase of faith, of the boy s final spasms followed by complete physical relaxation and deathlike stillness, and of the manner in which Jesus grasped his hand and lifted him up, is found in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.20-41.9.27|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:20 27) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.43|AUTODETECT|” ; to which ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.43|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:43) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 adds a description of the effect of the cure on the multitude: And all were astonished at the majesty of God. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 A little later the Lord had entered the house (see on 9:28). ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 19. Then the disciples came to Jesus privately and said, Why could we not cast it out?) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The question was natural, for, as shown earlier, the disciples had met with success in casting out demons; so, why not this demon? ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 20. He said to them, Because of your little faith.& ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref15 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn15” 629) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� They had not sufficiently taken to heart the comfort they should have derived from the assurances which their Lord had given them (7:7 10; 10:8), and had not persisted in prayer. When the demon did not immediately leave they should not have stopped praying. On the subject of little faith see also 6:30; 8:26; 14:31; and 16:8. Continued: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 for I solemnly declare to you, if you have faith as a mustard seed, you shall say to this mountain, Move from here to there, and it shall move.& ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 For I solemnly declare see on 5:18. A mustard seed (see 13:31, 32), though at first very small, yet, because of its uninterrupted and vital contact with its nourishing environment, grows and grows until it becomes a tree so tall that the birds of the air come and lodge in its branches. Accordingly, faith as a mustard seed is the kind of trust in God which does not immediately give up in despair when its efforts do not meet with immediate success. It maintains its uninterrupted and vital contact with God and therefore continues to pray fervently, knowing that God at his own time and in his own way will bestow the blessing. Such faith links its possessor with the inexhaustible and infinite resources of God s power, wisdom, and love. It operates in harmony with God s revelation in his Word.

Consequently, its prayers are not motivated by sinful desires, and it does not tempt God. It is therefore able to remove mountains. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0

This must not be understood literally but figuratively, in harmony with: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

a.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

Christ s very frequent use of figurative language, a striking example of which was given in the preceding chapter (16:6 12), and another in the present (17:12, 13); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

b.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=38.4.7|AUTODETECT|”

the well-known figure of speech found in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=38.4.7|AUTODETECT|”

Zech. 4:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

, What are you, O great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you shall become a plain, referring to the mountain of difficulties that would disappear; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

c.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.17.20|AUTODETECT|”

the words which immediately follow here in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.17.20|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 17:20) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 and nothing shall be impossible to you.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.13|AUTODETECT|” No task assigned by the Lord is going to be impossible to perform when the person who receives the mandate is and remains in trustful contact with God. No burden will then be too heavy to bear. With God all things are possible (19:26). I can do all things through him who infuses strength into me says Paul 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The words, But this kind never comes out except by prayer and fasting, cf. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 verse 21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.29|AUTODETECT|” in A.V., are lacking in the best manuscripts and were probably inserted from ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.29|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:29) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 17:22, 23 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Second Prediction of the Passion and the Resurrection) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.30-41.9.32|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.30-41.9.32|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:30 32) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.43-42.9.45|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.43-42.9.45|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:43b 45) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 22 Now while they were moving about together in Galilee Jesus said to them, The Son of man is about to be delivered into the hands of men, 23 and they shall kill him, and on the third day he shall be raised up. And they were deeply distressed. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 22, 23a. Now while they were moving about together in Galilee Jesus said to them, The Son of man is about to be delivered into the hands of men.& ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 This is the second prediction of the Passion. For all three see p. 9. It has been shown that the transfiguration and the cure of the epileptic boy probably occurred in Galilee. Here, in verse 22, we are told that the second announcement concerning Christ s impending suffering was made while Jesus and The Twelve were moving about together��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref16 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn16”

630. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� in Galilee. From this it is also clear that The Ministry of the Retirement or Withdrawal, during which Jesus spent much time away from the crowds and with his disciples, instructing them, is still continuing: they Jesus and The Twelve were moving about ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 together;) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.30|AUTODETECT|” hence, not in public; or, as the parallel passage, ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.30|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:30) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , puts it, He would not have anyone know it. ) 6 3 3 8 0 0 This second announcement adds certain details to the one found in 16:21: ) a. Here (contrast 16:21) the emphasis is not on the necessity but on the certainty of the coming passion. ) b. The humiliation to which the impending bitter experience will subject Jesus is here emphasized: he who is the glorious Son of man (see on 8:20) is going to be delivered into the hands of men; that is, he, the exalted One, will be given or handed over from one to another, as if he were a mere thing or toy. He will be delivered into the hands of the persons mentioned in the first prediction: elders, priests, and scribes: the Sanhedrin, and by them to Pilate. Note contrast between Son of man and & men, mere men, viewed as wicked, corrupt. Continued: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 and they shall kill him.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Nothing was going to prevent these wicked men from doing away with their enemy. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Here, as in 16:21, the resurrection on the third day is also mentioned: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 23b. and on the third day he shall be raised up.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.32|AUTODETECT|” See on 16:21. As before, so also now, the disciples do not know what to make of this prediction. They understood neither the necessity and certainty of the passion nor the announcement of the resurrection on the third day. Cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.32|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:32) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 a: But they did not understand the saying. Their total reaction to the second prediction, taken in its entirety (17:22, 23a) was: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 And they were deeply distressed.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.32|AUTODETECT|” Since they did not know what was meant by being raised up, this part of the prediction was not able to turn their sorrow into joy. They were very, very sad. Besides, as ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.32|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:32) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.45|AUTODETECT|” b adds, They were afraid to ask him. See also ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.45|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:45) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 17:24 27 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Payment of the Temple Tax) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 24 And when they had come to Capernaum the collectors of the double-drachma tax came to Peter and said, Doesn t your teacher pay the double-drachmas? 25 He said, Yes, he does. And when he [Peter] came into the house Jesus spoke first to him, saying, What do you think, Simon? The kings of the earth, from whom do they collect toll or tax, from their sons or from foreigners? 26 When he answered, From foreigners, Jesus said to him, Then the sons are exempt. 27 But that we may not ensnare them, go to the sea and throw in a hook; then take the first fish that comes up, open its mouth and you will find a stater. Take that and give it to them for me and for yourself. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0

24. And when they had come to Capernaum the collectors of the double-drachma tax came to Peter and said, Doesn t your teacher pay the double-drachmas?) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Jesus and The Twelve had been absent from Capernaum for a long time, traveling from place to place away from the large Jewish crowds, as has been shown. They had visited the neighborhood of Tyre and Sidon and the district of Caesarea Philippi. Three of the disciples had been with Jesus on the Mount of Transfiguration. And even after the descent from that elevation, the party had not immediately re-entered Capernaum. But now they were back in the place where Jesus had his headquarters and where Peter also lived. So, the tax-collectors arrive! ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.30.12-2.30.14|AUTODETECT|” However, the story told by Matthew by him alone has nothing to do with taxes exacted by Rome. It concerns redemption money, the ransom price a ransom for his soul which every Israelite, twenty years and over, was by the Lord ordered to pay, and which was used for the maintenance of the sanctuary 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.30.12-2.30.14|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 30:12 14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.38.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.38.26|AUTODETECT|” 38:26) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.24.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.24.6|AUTODETECT|” II Chron. 24:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.24.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.24.9|AUTODETECT|”

9. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ; cf. Josephus ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Antiquities) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 XVIII.312; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Jewish War) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 VII.213). It amounted to half a shekel, equal in value to the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 didrachma) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 double-drachma) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . The drachma, a Greek silver coin, was about equal in value to a Roman denar(ius). It amounted to a workman s average daily wage. Consequently the double-drachma was the amount a man would generally earn for two day s work. Since this temple tax was paid in Jewish coin the money-changers profited by making a small charge for exchanging foreign money for Jewish. ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 Now it was this double-drachma or half shekel which neither Jesus nor Peter had as yet paid, perhaps due to absence from Capernaum. So the collectors approach Peter. Why did they not go directly to Jesus? It may have been because they did not wish to embarrass the Master. They may have approached Peter, instead of one of the other disciples, because they regarded him as the leader of The Twelve, or simply because they knew that he at least would be able to answer their question. Speaking to Peter they call Jesus your teacher, the teacher recognized as such by The Twelve, and by many others besides.

There was nothing strange about that title used with respect to Jesus (see also 8:19; 9:11). The Lord certainly deserved it in every way. ) Doesn t your teacher pay the double-drachma? We have no right to assume that any adverse criticism was intended. These tax-collectors probably knew that on many questions such as fasting, sabbath-observance, handling food with hands that had not been ceremonially rinsed, etc. Jesus and the Pharisees disagreed. The collectors probably did not distinguish sharply, as Jesus did, between things commanded in the law and human regulations superimposed upon the law.

Accordingly, they may well have been of the opinion that for some reason or other Jesus did not pay the double-drachmas, the half-shekels. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 25. He said, Yes, he does.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Peter does not hesitate for a moment. He may have remembered what Jesus had said regarding the law of God (5:17, 18). Also, he may have been present on other occasions when the Lord paid the tax. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The conversation between Peter and the tax-collectors seems to have taken place on the street. Peter now proceeds on his way, intending to relate his experience to Jesus, and therefore to go to the house where the latter was staying at this time (for this house see on 9:28). He must have been hardly prepared for the surprise he received when Jesus himself opens the conversation and shows that he already knows whatever Peter was about to tell him. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 And when he [Peter] came into the house Jesus spoke first to him, saying, What do you think, Simon? The kings of the earth, from whom do they collect toll or tax, from their sons or from foreigners?) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Jesus anticipated ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref17 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn17” 631) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.33|AUTODETECT|” �� Peter, got ahead of him. That apostle received the same kind of a surprise that Cleopas and his companion were going to receive on the Sunday evening of the resurrection 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.33|AUTODETECT|” Luke 24:33) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.34|AUTODETECT|” 34) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.47|AUTODETECT|” ). In that case the eleven & were the ones who spoke first. As to Christ s penetrating knowledge see ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.47|AUTODETECT|” John 1:47) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.48|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.48|AUTODETECT|” 48) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.25|AUTODETECT|” 2:25) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.17|AUTODETECT|” 21:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.0|AUTODETECT|” . Cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.0|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 139) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 4:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 By asking Simon, From whom do they [the kings of the earth] collect toll [on goods] or tax [on their persons],��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref18 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn18” 632) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� from their sons or from foreigners? the Lord wishes to make it very clear that, strictly speaking, he is not under any obligation to pay this tax. The members of the king s family are not taxed but are maintained by the taxes paid by others. Frequently kings will not even tax their own citizens, but will gather tribute from conquered nations. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 26. When he answered, From foreigners, Jesus said to him, Then the sons are exempt.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.49|AUTODETECT|” Was not Jesus the Son of God by nature? Was not the temple his Father s house 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.49|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:49) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.16|AUTODETECT|” John 2:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.6|AUTODETECT|” )? Was he not, in fact, greater than the temple 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.6|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 12:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 )? And as to Peter? Was he not a son by adoption? Continued: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 27. But in order not to ensnare them, go to the sea and throw in a hook; then take the first fish that comes up, open its mouth and you will find a stater. Take that and give it to them for me and for yourself.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Jesus means, We must not cause others to become ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ensnared) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 in sin. ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref19 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn19” 633) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� After all, the paying of this tax was not a merely human regulation but a divinely instituted requirement. Besides, had he and Peter not paid this tax it would have been interpreted as lack of interest in, and want of esteem for, the temple; perhaps even as irreverence. That must not be. So out of the Father s vast resources Jesus is going to take what is needed to pay the temple-tax for himself and for Peter. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Simon must go to the sea. He does not have to cast any net; a mere hook will suffice. The first fish that comes up will have a ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 stater,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 that is, a ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 four-drachma) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 coin, in its mouth. That coin, amounting to a shekel, will be exactly sufficient for Jesus and Peter. They will secure freedom from debt that is, that which by the general public might be considered a debt ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in exchange for) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 that stater. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Needless to say, that is exactly what also happened. One stands in awe before this miracle. A careful reading of the entire account indicates the following with respect to Jesus Christ: his penetrating knowledge (verse 25a), consciousness of sonship (verse 25b), considerateness (verse 27a), authority even over the sea and its denizens (verse 27b), and generosity (verse 27c). ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Summary of Chapter 17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.31|AUTODETECT|” I solemnly declare to you that there are some of those that are standing here who shall not taste death until they see the Son of man coming in his royal dignity (16:28). There are interpreters who believe that by means of the transfiguration recorded in chapter 17 these words occurring at the close of chapter 16 are beginning to be fulfilled. However that may be, according to 17:1 13 six days after Peter s glorious profession of faith in Jesus as being the Messiah, the latter takes with him Peter, James, and John to a high mountain, so that after Christ s resurrection (see 17:9) the three will be able to bear witness concerning the things which they now are about to see and hear. While on this mountain Jesus is transfigured before their eyes, so that his face shines like the sun and his clothes become radiant with dazzling light. Suddenly Moses and Elijah, surrounded with heavenly brightness the one probably representing the law, the other the prophets also appear. They are speaking to Jesus concerning the departure which, in fulfilment of law and prophecy, he will accomplish at Jerusalem 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.31|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:31) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Impulsive Peter, not knowing what he is saying, suggests that he be allowed to make three shelters, one for Jesus, one for Moses, and one for Elijah. Suddenly a cloud of diffused light covers Jesus, Moses, and Elijah. As previously at baptism so now also a voice is heard, saying, This is my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased; listen to him. The frightened disciples fall on their faces, but by Christ s touch they are delivered from their fear and at his command they arise. When they raise their eyes they see no one but Jesus only. During the descent from the mount Jesus clears up the mystery concerning John the Baptist being Elijah whose coming, in fulfilment of prophecy, had preceded Christ s own. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14|AUTODETECT|” What a contrast (verses 14 20) between the glory on top of the mount and the misery, shame, and confusion below! Having descended to the valley Jesus and the three are looking at a distraught father whose demon-possessed, epileptic, only son the nine disciples, because of their lack of enduring faith and prayer, had not been able to heal. Probably gloating over this failure scribes are arguing with the nine 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). A crowd of curiosity seekers is looking on. O faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I put up with you? Jesus cries. He adds, Bring him here to me, and instantly cures the lad. The Master then explains to his disciples how it was that they had failed, adding that if they have faith like a mustard seed they will be able to carry out any task assigned to them. ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 Verses 22, 23 contain the second clear prediction concerning Christ s approaching passion and resurrection, with emphasis on the certainty and humiliating character of the coming ordeal. ) Jesus and his disciples had been away from Capernaum a tax collecting center for a long time. So the temple tax had not yet been paid. Doesn t your teacher pay the double-drachmas? It was the question put to Peter by the collector of this tax. Peter answers, Yes, he does. When Peter is at the point of telling Jesus what has happened, the latter speaks first and shows that he already knows.

He also knows where the tax money for both himself and Peter can be obtained, namely, from the mouth of the very first fish which Peter, ordered to the sea, is going to catch. For the light which verses 24 27 shed on Jesus see pp. 679, 680. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

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617 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

A. B. Bruce, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

Synoptic Gospels) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

, p. 228. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

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618 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

H. N. Ridderbos, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

op. cit.,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

p. 24. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

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N.T.C. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

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619 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

This location is favored also by W. Ewing in his article ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

Transfiguration, Mount of) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

, I.S.B.E. Vol. V, p. 3006; and by E. G. Kraeling, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

op. cit.,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

p. 390. He mentions ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

Jebel Kan an) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

, north of Capernaum, as another possibility. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

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620 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

The verb �����������, generally rendered was transfigured, is the one from which our English words metamorphose and metamorphosis are derived. We are told that the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

morphe) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

element in the Greek word always denotes the essential form, and that therefore in the present case this essential form was changed. Jesus, then, underwent a metamorphosis: his human nature begins to make use of its divine attributes. The whole body of Jesus for a brief time was allowed to shine with the light and refulgence of its heavenly divinity 7 1 -1 9 0 0

op. cit.,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

pp. 632 634). Now it is true that in certain contexts ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

morphe) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

form) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

refers indeed to the inner, essential, and abiding nature of a person or thing, while ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

schema) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

fashion) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.6|AUTODETECT|”

points to his or its external, accidental, and fleeting bearing or appearance; and that especially when, as in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.6|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 2:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.8|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.8|AUTODETECT|”

8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.12.2|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.12.2|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 12:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.6|AUTODETECT|”

, these two are used side by side, we do well to mark this distinction. See N.T.C. on ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.6|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 2:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.7|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.7|AUTODETECT|”

7) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

a. This does not mean, however, that in every context a verb that is based on the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

morphe) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

stem must refer to an actual change of substance, a metamorphosis. Words have histories, become adaptable to all kinds of situations, and there is no reason whatever why in the present case this verb may not indicate ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

change of appearance) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

instead of change of nature or essence. Besides, the context his face shone like the sun, and his clothes became white as the light does not prove that a change of essence or of nature took place, though it is true that the change in outward appearance here indicated ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

may) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

have been due to glory ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

from within) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

irradiating Christ s whole being. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

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621 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

See A. B. Bruce, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

Synoptic Gospels) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

, pp. 228 230. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

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622 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

The interpretation offered by the theologian-philosopher K. Schilder ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0

Christ in his Suffering) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|”

(translated from the Dutch), Grand Rapids, 1938, pp. 26 34 is different. That author was of the opinion that Jesus had taken Satan along with him to the mountain, and that what occurred there was a temptation for the Mediator, a link in the chain of his humiliation. Jesus was enveloped with the aureole of the glamor of Moses and Elijah. He shone with light reflected from them. While Schilder s work furnishes worthwhile reading material, I believe that ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|”

II Peter 1:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.1.17|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.1.17|AUTODETECT|”

17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

points in the opposite direction and that the temptation theory cannot be proved. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

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A.V. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0

Authorized Version (King James) ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

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623 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.9.9|AUTODETECT|”

The fact that in the present case �x E���� means what has been seen or what you have seen is also confirmed by the verbal forms found in the other Gospels 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.9.9|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 9:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.9.36|AUTODETECT|”

he charged them not to tell anyone what they had seen ; cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.36|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:36) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.31|AUTODETECT|” ). Besides, ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.7.31|AUTODETECT|” Acts 7:31) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , using the same noun E����, cannot mean that Moses at the burning bush merely saw a vision. On the contrary, he wondered at the sight [the spectacle, that which he saw.] L.N.T. (A. and G.), entry E����, p. 580, fails us here. L.N.T. (Th.) and H. G. Liddell and R. Scott are to be preferred in this particular instance. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn10 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref10”

624. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Other explanations: There is, first of all, that advanced by C. R. Erdman, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 op. cit.,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 p. 139, and by A. T. Robertson, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Word Pictures) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , Vol. I, p. 141. As they see it, the disciples are thinking of Elijah s appearance on the mount of transfiguration, and are saying, in, effect, How is it that Jesus arrived before Elijah did, whereas according to prophecy Elijah should have come first? Objection: this very brief appearance of the Tishbite could hardly have been regarded by these men as a fulfilment of Malachi s prophecy. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 W. C. Allen, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 op. cit.,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 p. 186, thinks that the disciples are virtually asking, Why death in view of the restorative work of a forerunner? Evaluation: This may well be part of the explanation, but does it do justice to the difficulty which, according to verse 10, confronted the three, that difficulty being one pertaining to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the sequence) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 in which according to Malachi s prophecy the two comings (Elijah s and Messiah s) had to occur? ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn11 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref11” 625 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Ancient Jewish interpreters gave a variety of interpretations to the restoration 7 1 -1 9 0 0 apokatastasis) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” ) which the literal (as they saw it) Elijah was to bring about; for example, he would promote peace in the family 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 a), would establish harmony between God and man, would restore the tribes of Israel, etc. For Jewish source material on all this see J. Jeremias, article )�(�)��� in TH.D.N.T., Vol. II, pp. 933, 934. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn12 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref12” 626 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 For a more detailed discussion see my paperback, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Israel and The Bible) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , chap. 1, Who Killed Jesus?, pp. 7 15. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn13 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref13” 627 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 See A. E. Bailey, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 op. cit.,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 pp. 240 246; C. P. Maus, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 op. cit.,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 pp. 250 252. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn14 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref14” 628 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Greek ������������. For a defense of the rendering is an epileptic instead of is a lunatic or is moon-struck see on 4:24. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn15 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref15” 629 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 On the basis of manuscript evidence this reading must be retained, instead of Because of your unbelief. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn16 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref16” 630 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.3|AUTODETECT|” Textual evidence seems to support ������������� rather than �������������. The word ������������� is the gen. pl. participle, pres. middle of �������. In the active voice the meaning is to turn together, to gather, collect 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.3|AUTODETECT|” Acts 28:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.40|AUTODETECT|” ); hence, here in the middle voice the sense is probably were moving about together. This meaning, though not entirely certain, fits the context, is also in harmony with the cognate noun ��������: a gathering, concourse 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.40|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:40) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.30|AUTODETECT|” ), and brings the passage into harmony with ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.30|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:30) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn17 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref17” 631 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The verb used is ����������, third per. sing. aor. indic. of ��������, the only occurrence of this word in the New Testament. See, however, II Clement 8:2. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn18 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref18”
625. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 The word ���� refers to indirect taxation, duty, or custom, gathered at custom-houses by �������, publicans. ) The next word, ������, was loaned from the Latin census. The names of those who were obliged to pay it were written on a roll; hence our census. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn19 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref19” 633 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The word ������������� is first per. pl. aor. subj. active of ���������� See footnote 293 on p. 303.)