Titus 2

Hendriksen

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-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 X StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size StandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsItalicUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsBoldUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueSubSuperScriptTypervsssSuperScriptUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsBoldfsUnderlineColorclBlueSubSuperScriptTypervsssSuperScriptUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsBoldfsItalicUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size-9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 �BiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabsStandardSpaceBefore SpaceAfterTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 3 3 8 0 0 CHAPTER II ) Outline of Chapter 2 ) Theme: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Apostle Paul, Writing to Titus, Gives Directions for the Promotion of the Spirit of Sanctification) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 4 3 8 0 0 In Family and Individual Life ) 2:1 10 All classes of individuals that compose the home-circle should conduct themselves in such a manner that by their life they may adorn the doctrine of God, their Savior. ) 2:11 15 Reason: to all the grace of God has appeared unto sanctification and joyful expectation of the appearing in glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ. ) 2:1 10 ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 2 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 1 But as for you, speak what is consistent with the sound doctrine: (2) (urge) aged men to be temperate, dignified, self-controlled, sound in their faith, in their love, (and) in their endurance; 3 (urge) aged women similarly (to be) reverent in demeanor, not slanderers and not enslaved to much wine, teachers of that which is excellent, 4 so that they may train the young women to be loving toward their husbands and loving toward their children, 5 self-controlled, chaste, workers at home, kind, submissive to their own husbands, in order that the word of God may not be reviled. 6 Similarly urge the young(er) men to exercise self-control in every respect, 7 showing yourself a model of noble deeds; in your teaching (showing) incorruptibility, dignity; (8) (your) speech (being) sound, incensurable, so that he that is on the opposite (side) may be put to shame, having nothing evil to report concerning us. 9 (Urge) slaves to be submissive in every respect to their own masters, to be eager to please (them), not talking back, 10 not pilfering, but evincing the utmost trustworthiness, so that in every respect they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref1 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn1” 193) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 1.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Directions for the promotion of the spirit of sanctification in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 congregational life) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 have been given. Titus has been urged to complete the organization of the various churches in the island, in order that, by means of the work of truly consecrated elders, the voice of persons who by their false doctrines and practices were defiling the churches might be silenced, and congregational life might flourish. That was the substance of chapter 1. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Now in chapter 2 Paul focuses the attention of Titus upon ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 family and individual life) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . He issues commands relative to the proper conduct of five classes of individuals: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 aged men, aged women, young married women, young men) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (Titus himself to set the example), ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 and slaves) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . The emphasis upon ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the family) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is evident especially from verses 4 and 5: so that they (the aged women) may wisely train the young women to be loving toward their husbands, loving toward their children, etc. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.1-54.5.8|AUTODETECT|” For Paul s teaching with respect to The Christian Family see also ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.1-54.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:1 8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.28|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.28|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:28) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.22-49.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.22-49.6.4|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:22 6:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.18-51.3.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.18-51.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:18 21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.1|AUTODETECT|” . On Slaves and Their Masters (considered members of the family) see also ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.5-49.6.9|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.5-49.6.9|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:5 9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.22-51.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.22-51.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:22 4:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ; Philemon.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref2 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn2” 194) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Since Titus is the man who must deliver Paul s instructions with respect to the five groups, the apostle begins by writing, ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 But as for you, speak what is consistent with the sound doctrine.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Note the word of contrast, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 But,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.11|AUTODETECT|” as for you. Cf. a similar contrast in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.11|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.10|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.5|AUTODETECT|” 4:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.13|AUTODETECT|” . The life and teaching of Titus must contrast sharply with that of the contaminated and unbelieving enemies of the faith who were doing such damage in Crete (as shown in chapter 1). Not only must these errorists be reproved sharply 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), but ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 evil must be overcome with good) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Not only must ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the elders) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 do their duty over against teachers of false religion (chapter 1), but ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Titus himself) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 must give the example! Even in his informal daily ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 conversation) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 he must speak what is consistent with sound doctrine. Note the verb speak or literally talk (��), which indicates informal vocal utterance. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Now to talk what is consistent with 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.10|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.3|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) the sound doctrine certainly means that, as the author conceives of it, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 doctrine and life must harmonize) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . This is the key to all that follows in verses 2 10. Accordingly, the position defended by some, namely, that the morality urged here is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in no sense) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 specifically Christian, is in conflict with Paul s declaration. It is true, of course, that even outside of the church some of the character-traits here mentioned for example, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 being temperate or sober, being self-controlled or sensible) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 are given in lists of moral requirements for those who occupy certain important positions in life: the Stoic philosopher, the general, etc.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref3 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn3” 195) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.7|AUTODETECT|” �� Even an unbeliever has some regard for virtue and for good outward behavior, a truth which should never be denied 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Canons of Dort,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.0|AUTODETECT|” Third and Fourth Heads of Doctrine, art. 4; note, however, the qualification at the end of that article). But when these same qualities are mentioned here in this letter 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.0|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ), they must not be lifted out of their context, nor must they be dissociated from the general teachings of Scripture. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.1|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.12|AUTODETECT|” must not be separated from ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.12|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . As soon as the question is asked, What is the source of these virtues, how are they motivated, according to what standard is their exhibition to be judged, and for what purpose are they to be used? the great contrast immediately appears. Accordingly, the qualities that are mentioned in the verses which follow are ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 specifically Christian) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 virtues in this sense, namely, that they presuppose the dynamic of God s grace working in the heart, are motivated by the example of Christ, are measured by God s holy law, and have God s glory as their goal. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 2.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The first rule has reference to aged men. ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref4 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn4” 196) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� Says Paul, ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 that aged men be temperate, dignified, self-controlled, sound in their faith, in their love, (and) in their endurance.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The greybeards should have the same moral characteristics as the elders and the deacons. Titus must ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 urge) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (here in verse 2 the verb of verse 6 is probably implied) them to be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 temperate) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 sober,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” that is, moderate with respect to the use of wine (see verse 3) and in all their tastes and habits 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). They must also be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 dignified,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.5|AUTODETECT|” that is grave, venerable, serious, respectable 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.5|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 self-controlled) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 sensible,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.8|AUTODETECT|” that is, men of mature judgment and proper restraint 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 sound) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (see on verse 1; especially footnote 193); not ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 morbid) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.1|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 14:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ), but healthy and even health-imparting: spreading health, moral and spiritual, in every direction 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.10|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.3|AUTODETECT|” 6:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.13|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.3|AUTODETECT|” 4:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 This soundness must be shown with respect to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 faith, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 love, and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 endurance. Here the article is perhaps best rendered by the possessive ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 their) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 & ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 their) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 & ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 their) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.14|AUTODETECT|” . Their faith, in order to be sound, must be neither luke-warm nor mixed with error 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.12|AUTODETECT|” ). Their love must not deteriorate into sentimentality nor must it be permitted to wax cold 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.12|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). And their endurance must not be replaced by either faint-heartedness on the one hand or obstinacy on the other. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 In their attitude ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 toward God) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 let the aged men show ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 soundness in their faith) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Let them rely wholly on him and his revealed truth. In their attitude ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 toward the neighbor) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 let them evince ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 soundness in their love) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . And in their attitude ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 toward bitter trials) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 let them reveal ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 soundness in their endurance) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 stedfastness) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref5 10 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn5” N.T.C.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 on I and II Thessalonians, pp. 136 137 footnote 108 ; 155, 156; and pp. 197, 198). ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 3.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 To the four requirements for aged men four somewhat similar requirements for aged women are now added: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 (urge) aged women similarly (to be) reverent in demeanor, not slanderers and not enslaved to much wine, teachers of that which is excellent.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 In their entire bearing 7 1 -1 9 0 0 dress,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.9|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) as well as in their deportment, aged women must be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 reverent,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.6|AUTODETECT|” conducting themselves as if they were servants in God s temple, for such, indeed, they are! Cf. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . The theme-song of these aged women (as well as of all members of the Christian family) must ever be: ) 6 18 3 8 0 0 Fill thou my life, O Lord my God, ) In every part with praise, ) That my whole being may proclaim ) Thy being and thy ways. ) Not for the lip of praise alone, ) Nor e en the praising heart, ) I ask, but for a life made up ) Of praise in every part. ) Praise in the common words I speak, ) Life s common looks and tones, ) In intercourse at hearth or board ) With my beloved ones, ) Enduring wrong, reproach, or loss, ) With sweet and stedfast will, ) Loving and blessing those who hate, ) Returning good for ill. ) (Horatius Bonar, 1866) ) Note how not ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 slanderers ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.11|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.11|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 not enslaved by much wine ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 are combined. Wine-drinking and malicious gossip often go together. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 wine-drinking) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.8|AUTODETECT|” see the remarks on ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.8|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.23|AUTODETECT|” and on ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.23|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:23) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 .) Aged women, then, must be temperate, just like aged men. They must not become ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 enslaved to) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.18|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.18|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:18) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.19|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ) much wine. On the contrary, by their godly example they must be teachers of that which is excellent 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.1|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 4 and 5.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Such teaching by way of example has as one of its purposes the training of the younger married women. Hence, Paul continues: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 so that they may train the young women to be:) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 a. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 loving toward their husbands) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 8 1 -1 9 0 0 husband-lovers) and) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 b. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 loving toward their children) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 8 1 -1 9 0 0 children-lovers),) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 c. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 self-controlled,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 d. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 chaste,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 e. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 workers at home,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 f. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 kind,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 g. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 submissive to their own husbands.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 One understands immediately that no one not even Titus is better able to train a young woman than an experienced, older woman. Note the emphasis on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 love) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . The Christian young woman must be trained ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to love) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 her husband and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to love) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 her children. Was it not ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 love) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” that saved her? See ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . This love, coming from heaven, being shed abroad in the heart, must flow out toward others; and certainly among those others a young woman s own husband and her own children should occupy a very prominent place. Moreover, the Christian virtue of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 self-control) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.8|AUTODETECT|” that same virtue which is demanded not only of overseers 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) but also of aged men in general (verse 2 above), and which is implied in what is demanded of aged women (verse 3 above) is a most necessary requirement for any practical Christian wife and mother. Such younger women must scrupulously avoid any immorality in thought, word, and action. Their attention, moreover, must be concentrated on their own families. Hence, not only must they be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 chaste) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 but also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 workers at home) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.10|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.10|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.13|AUTODETECT|” and especially on ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.13|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The two virtues quite obviously are related. Now, while performing their tasks in the family, these young women must take care that the constant strain of domestic duties does not make them irritable or cruel. They must pray for grace to remain ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 kind,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and this not only to husbands and children but also to slaves.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref6 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn6” 197) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.28|AUTODETECT|” �� Moreover, lest Christian women should begin to think that their equality in spiritual standing before God and the great liberty which has now become their portion as believers 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.28|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:28) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ) entitles them to forget about God s creation-ordinance regarding the relation to their husbands 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.16|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 3:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.11-54.2.15|AUTODETECT|” ), Paul, inspired by the Holy Spirit, adds that they must be submissive to their own husbands 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.11-54.2.15|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:11 15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.2|AUTODETECT|” , and cf. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.4|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 7:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.14.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.14.34|AUTODETECT|” 14:34) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.14.35|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.14.35|AUTODETECT|” 35) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.22-49.5.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.22-49.5.24|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:22 24) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.33|AUTODETECT|” 33) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:18) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.1-60.3.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.1-60.3.6|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:1 6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.24.67|AUTODETECT|” ). Surely, in the light of ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.24.67|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 24:67) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.22-49.5.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.22-49.5.33|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:22 33) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.19|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.7|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , when the husband too is a believer, this is not a burden. And when he is not, then as unto the Lord makes the burden bearable. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 A purpose-clause, in all probability qualifying not only the last requirement but all seven, is now added: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 in order that the word of God may not be reviled.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.1|AUTODETECT|” See on ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.24|AUTODETECT|” . This is characteristically Pauline language; cf. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:24) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.52.5|AUTODETECT|” . He, in turn, borrowed it from the Old Testament 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.52.5|AUTODETECT|” Is. 52:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Wrong conduct on the part of the young married women would easily lead to slanderous remarks with respect to the gospel. Not only do ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the Greeks) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 judge a doctrine by its practical effect upon everyday life (Chrysostom), but so does the world in general. If young mothers, professing to be Christians, should manifest lack of love for their husbands and for their children, lack of self-control, of purity, domesticity, kindness, and submissiveness, they would cause the message of salvation to be evil spoken of by outsiders. It must be borne in mind, moreover, that when Paul says in order that the word of God ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 may not be reviled, ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 he means, in order that the word of God ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 may be honored. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 This, too, as noted earlier, is a typically Pauline way of speaking (see pp. 14, 15). ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 6.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The admonition which must be passed along to the young(er) men of the various congregations is brief, but in its very brevity it is all-inclusive: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 Similarly urge the young(er) men��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref7 11 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn7” 198) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 �� to exercise self-control in every respect.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The fact that this admonition is very brief makes it all the more probable that the phrase in every respect belongs here and must not be construed with verse 7. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 In every respect,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 therefore, whether the attention is focused upon morals or upon doctrine, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 young men) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.3|AUTODETECT|” must place themselves under the discipline of the gospel, and must guard themselves against being led astray either by the evil promptings of their own sinful nature or by the opinions and customs which prevail in the pagan world round about them. Let them never place their own conclusions, feelings, or ambitions above the will of God 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 12:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.5|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.5|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 10:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ). Let them learn to master themselves. The verb translated to exercise self-control is from the same stem as the adjective rendered self-controlled. Hence, young men are here urged to exercise the same virtue which is demanded of the overseer 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.2|AUTODETECT|” ), of aged men 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), of the young women (verse 4), and, by implication, of aged women (verse 3). ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 7 and 8.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Since Titus, though not as young as Timothy (see p. 38), must probably still be reckoned among the young(er) men, it is logical that Paul urges him to be an example for the group mentioned in the preceding verse. Says Paul: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 showing yourself a model of noble deeds; in your teaching (showing) incorruptibility, dignity; (your) speech (being) sound, incensurable.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 A similar admonition was addressed to Timothy. He also had been admonished to be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the believers model) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (in speech, in conduct, in love, in faith, in purity). The word ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 model,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” too, is exactly the same; hence, see on ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.9|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.9|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.17|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Note the beautiful co-ordination: Titus must a. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 admonish) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the young(er) men (verse 6), and b. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 give them a good example) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (verses 7 and 8). ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Precept and example must go hand in hand.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Precept alone will never do, for often ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Example) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 draws where ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Precept) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 fails. ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref8 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn8” 199) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� The young(er) men of the various congregations entrusted to the care of Titus must be able to see in their leader what ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 noble deeds) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 really are. Note the constant emphasis in the Pastorals on these ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 noble deeds) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 good works) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . May this not be considered a reaction, on the part of Paul, to the misrepresentation and abuse of his doctrine of salvation by grace ? ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 In his teaching, Titus must show ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 incorruptibility) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . He must give such clear and courageous instruction in the well-balanced truth of the gospel that it is evident to all that he has not been and cannot be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 infected) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 with the lies and distortions of the adversaries. Moreover, his attitude and the manner in which he presents his teaching must be that of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 dignity) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 seriousness) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Not only must his more formal teaching be characterized by purity of contents and gravity of method, but his entire ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 speech) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 7 1 -1 9 0 0 word) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 whenever and wherever it is spoken), whether it is uttered in the form of a sermon, a lesson, a message of consolation, or even an ordinary daily conversation, must be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 sound) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 incensurable,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” that is, not open to just rebuke 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Now the intended result or purpose of such conduct is: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 so that) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 8 1 -1 9 0 0 in order that) he that is on the opposite (side) may be put to shame, having nothing evil to report concerning us.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.39|AUTODETECT|” As to the expression on the opposite (side) or of the opposite (party) the ellipse is obscure , note that it was the centurion who stood over against or facing Jesus on the cross 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.39|AUTODETECT|” Mark 15:39) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). We read of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 contrary) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.24|AUTODETECT|” winds 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.24|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 14:24) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.48|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.48|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:48) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.4|AUTODETECT|” Acts 27:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). In the passage under discussion the ��-compound is used in a metaphorical sense; opposition here amounts to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 hostility) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.9|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.9|AUTODETECT|” Acts 26:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.17|AUTODETECT|” 28:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.15|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The one on the opposite (side) is the spiritual ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 adversary) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.14|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.14|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.25|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:25) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.10-56.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ). The reference is especially to any one of the Cretan errorists described in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.10-56.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:10 16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.14|AUTODETECT|” Now when the opponent begins to notice that his shrewd little plan of spreading malicious gossip about Titus or of preferring formal charges against him miscarries, because the irreproachable conduct of Paul s representative completely disproves the insinuations and accusations that were aimed against him, this enemy of the truth will be put to shame 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.14|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.14|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He will look foolish, having nothing ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 evil) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.10|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) to report concerning & here we expect that the next word will be you (Titus), but it actually is us, for the antagonism is directed not against Titus as a separate individual but against him as a disciple of Christ; hence, really against Christ himself and all his messengers. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 9 and 10.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 To the family belonged also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 slaves) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.1|AUTODETECT|” . In his first epistle to Timothy the apostle distinguishes between slaves who had believing masters and those who did not 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Here in Titus no such distinction is made. The command is to be transmitted to all slaves who hear the gospel; no doubt especially to all ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 believing) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 slaves. Says Paul, ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 (Urge) slaves to be submissive in every respect to their own masters, to be eager to please (them), not talking back) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 8 1 -1 9 0 0 not rebellious), not pilfering, but evincing the utmost trustworthiness.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.1|AUTODETECT|” For a discussion of the slavery-question in Paul s day see on ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.9|AUTODETECT|” . Had all masters and slaves everywhere taken to heart the inspired words of Paul anent slavery, this institution would have perished from the earth without blood-baths. A superficial glance at the passage now under discussion might cause one to think that their author is hardly fair to the slave, neglecting to point out the equality of slave and master before God, and apparently condoning the sins of the master. But this inference would be erroneous, for it overlooks two important facts: a. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 contains only ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 part) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.8|AUTODETECT|” of Paul s teaching with respect to the master-slave relationship 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.25|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:25) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.1|AUTODETECT|” 4:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); and b. even here in the Titus-passage the immediately following context (note particularly verse 11) stresses the full equality of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 all) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 believers, bond and free, from the aspect of God s redeeming grace. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The verb of verse 6 is again implied; hence, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Urge) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 admonish) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 slaves. The three points with respect to which slaves must be admonished are: ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 (1) ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 D) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 eportment. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.22|AUTODETECT|” The slave must comply with the wishes of his master, and this in every respect 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.22|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.24|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.24|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:24) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.19|AUTODETECT|” ). From morning until evening and in every category of work the slave must be submissive to his master. It is hardly necessary to add that this phrase in every respect must not be taken in the absolute sense, as if the apostle meant to say that even then when the master demanded of the slave that he tell a lie or commit thievery, adultery, or murder, the latter must obey. The purpose-clause at the close of verse 10 implies a restriction, for surely by agreeing to sin the slave would never be able to adorn the doctrine of God our Savior. And see also ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.19|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.29|AUTODETECT|” 5:29) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.21|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 .��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref9 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn9” 200) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 (2) ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 D) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 isposition ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 External compliance with the will of the master is not enough, however. Growling and grumbling underneath are also forbidden. The sullen disposition has never yet won a soul for Christ. Slaves, accordingly must be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 eager to please, well-pleasing) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . This adjective is typically Pauline: elsewhere the apostle uses it no less than ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 seven) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 times, while in all the rest of the New Testament it occurs only ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 once) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.13.21|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.13.21|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 13:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). And even if we add to this one occurrence the number of times Hebrews employs the cognate verb and adverb (fairness requires that we make this addition!), the frequency-ratio is still 7 5 (or if the reference in Titus is included 8 5) in favor of Paul. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The negative aspect of being well-pleasing is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 not talking back) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.34|AUTODETECT|” . This ��-compound occurs nine times in the New Testament: ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.34|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:34) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.27|AUTODETECT|” 20:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.12|AUTODETECT|” John 19:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.45|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.45|AUTODETECT|” Acts 13:45) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.19|AUTODETECT|” 28:19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.22|AUTODETECT|” 28:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.9|AUTODETECT|” 2:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.16|AUTODETECT|” . The cognate noun occurs in four passages: ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.16|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.7|AUTODETECT|” 7:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.3|AUTODETECT|” 12:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Jude 11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Although the basic meaning is that of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 talking back,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 it often conveys the overtone of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 active disobedience, resistance, rebellion, strife) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.21|AUTODETECT|” . See, for example, ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Jude 11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . It probably has that coloring here also. Thus interpreted, the two expressions make a fitting pair: well-pleasing and not rebellious in disposition. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 (3) ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 D) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ependability. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 When the master s back was turned, petty larceny was often committed. Such pilfering or purloining, whereby the slave secretly ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 holds back) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.2|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.2|AUTODETECT|” Acts 5:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 withdraws) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (sets apart for himself) a portion of that which belongs to his master, must not be excused by saying, The master owes me much more than this, for he has taken away my freedom and he is robbing me of my strength and talents, all without adequate compensation. The slave must show the utmost ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 trustworthiness ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.12|AUTODETECT|” b; cf. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Now the reason for the demand that slaves display a submissive deportment, an ingratiating disposition, and utmost dependability is this: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 so that in every respect they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 A sanctified life, which brings into clear perspective all the fruits of transforming grace obedience, cheerfulness, integrity, etc. scintillating like so many precious jewels, is an ornament to the doctrine of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 God our Savior ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.1|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), the Christian faith. It should cause masters to exclaim, If the Christian religion does this even for slaves, it must be wonderful! ) 6 3 3 8 0 0 2:11 15 ) 11 For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all men, 12 training us in order that, having renounced ungodliness and those worldly passions, we in the here and now may live lives of self-mastery and fairness and devotion, 13 while we are waiting for the blessed hope, the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Christ Jesus, 14 who gave himself for us in order to redeem us from all lawlessness and to purify for himself a people, his very own, with a zest for noble deeds. ) 15 These things keep on telling (them) and urging (upon them) and reproving with all authority. Let no one slight you. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 11 14.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The grace of God considered as the reason why every member of The Christian Family can and should live a Christian life,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 this is the theme of one of the richest passages of Holy Writ. Note the four main thoughts: ) -60 3 2 0 2 0

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T.BorderStyle rvtbColorT.BorderVSpacingT.BorderHSpacingT.VisibleBorders.Bottom T.CellPaddingT.CellBorderStyle rvtbColorT.CellVSpacing�T.CellHSpacing�CTDc.BestWidthc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data 3/-8 1 3 2 6 1 3 8 0 0 3. verse 13) TDc.BestWidthc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data WS-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 The Grace of God in Christ is) TDc.BestWidthc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data KG-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 the Effective Preparer.) TDc.BestWidthc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data -8 1 3 2 6 1 3 8 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 We aged men, aged women, young women, young men, slaves, etc. should live a Christian life because through the power of God s grace ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 we are waiting for the blessed hope, the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Christ Jesus.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The grace of God trains us in order that we may ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 live) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 consecrated lives, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 while we are waiting for) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref10 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn10” 201) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� the blessed hope. The ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 waiting for) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 patient looking forward to) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 modifies the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 living,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 of which it is an attendant circumstance or further explication. It is the blessed hope for which believers are waiting. This is metonymy for ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the realization of that hope) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.5|AUTODETECT|” (that is, the realization of our earnest yearning, confident expectation, and patient waiting). We find a similar metonymy in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.5|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.18|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.18|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:18) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 This hope is called ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 blessed) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . It imparts bliss, happiness, delight, and glory. The adjective ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 blessed) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is used in connection with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 God) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.11|AUTODETECT|” in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.11|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.15|AUTODETECT|” 6:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ; see on these passages. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Now, even ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the possession) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 of the hopeful spirit and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the exercise) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 of hope is blessed, because of hope s: ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.1|AUTODETECT|” (1) immovable foundation 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.5|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.4|AUTODETECT|” 15:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.20|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:20) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.19|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.3|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.13|AUTODETECT|” (2) glorious Author 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.13|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 15:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.16|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.16|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.2|AUTODETECT|” (3) wonderful object 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.7|AUTODETECT|” 3:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.2|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.27|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.3|AUTODETECT|” (4) precious effects 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.3|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ; boldness of speech, ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.12|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 3:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; and purification of life, ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.3|AUTODETECT|” I John 3:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.13|AUTODETECT|” (5) and everlasting character 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.13|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 13:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Then surely ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the realization) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.3|AUTODETECT|” of this hope will be blessed, indeed! Read ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 12:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34-40.25.40|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34-40.25.40|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:34 40) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.20|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:20) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.51|AUTODETECT|” b; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.51|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:51) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.52|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.52|AUTODETECT|” 52) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.13-52.4.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.13-52.4.18|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 4:13 18) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14-66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14-66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 14:14 16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.6-66.19.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.6-66.19.9|AUTODETECT|” 19:6 9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . In fact, the certainty of the realization imparts strength to the hope, and results in the graces mentioned under (4) above. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Now the realization of the blessed hope is the appearing in glory. ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref11 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn11” 202) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� Note the two appearings. There had been ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). There is going to be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 another) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.8|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.8|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.14|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.14|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It will be the appearing of & well, of whom? Throughout the history of interpretation that question has divided grammarians and commentators. Are we waiting for the appearing in glory of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Person or of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 two Persons?) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Those who endorse the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one-Person) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 view favor the rendering: ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 of our great God and Savior Christ Jesus. (Another reading has Jesus Christ, but that makes no difference in connection with the point at issue.) Now if that view be correct, those who accept Scripture s infallibility have in this passage an additional prooftext for the deity of Christ; and even those who do not accept Scripture s infallibility but who do accept the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one-Person) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 rendering must admit that at least the author of the Pastorals (perhaps erroneously, according to them) held Jesus to be one in essence with God the Father. The ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one-Person) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 rendering is favored by the ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref12 10 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn12” A.R.V.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 margin, Weymouth, Goodspeed, Berkeley Version, ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref13 10 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn13” R.S.V.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , and many commentators: Van Oosterzee, Bouma, Lenski, Gealy, Simpson, etc. The great New Testament grammarian A. T. Robertson has given a strong defence of this view, from the standpoint of grammar, basing his arguments upon Granville Sharp s rule. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Among others, John Calvin was unwilling to choose between the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one-Person) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 two-Persons) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.26|AUTODETECT|” rendering. Yet, he emphasized that on either view the purpose of the passage is to state that when Christ appears, the greatness of the divine glory will be revealed in him 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.26|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:26) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); and that, accordingly, the passage can by no means give any comfort to the Arians in their attempt to prove that the Son is less divine than the Father. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 two-Persons) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 theory is represented, with minor variations, in the versions of Wyclif, Tyndale, Cranmer, ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref14 10 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn14” A.V.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , A.R.V. (text), Moffatt, and R.S.V. (margin). It has been supported by a long list of commentators 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Expositor s Bible) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ], E. F. Scott, etc.) and especially by the grammarian G. B. Winer. ) 6 3 3 8 0 0 The rendering then becomes: ) of the great God and the Savior Jesus Christ. ) Winer was willing to admit that his endorsement of this view was based not so much upon grammar which, as even he admitted, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 allowed) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the one-Person rendering as upon the dogmatic conviction derived from Paul s writings that this apostle cannot have called Christ ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the great God. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.5|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.5|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.6|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.15-51.1.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.15-51.1.20|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:15 20) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ; etc.) But he should have noticed that even the very context (verse 14) ascribes to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Jesus) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 functions which in the Old Testament are ascribed to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Jehovah,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 such as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 redeeming) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 purifying) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.23|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.23|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 7:23) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.130.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.130.8|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 130:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.13.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.13.14|AUTODETECT|” Hos. 13:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.37.23|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.37.23|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 37:23) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); and that the word ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Savior) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is in each of the three chapters of Titus ascribed first to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 God,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 then to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Jesus) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.3|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.10|AUTODETECT|” 2:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.4|AUTODETECT|” 3:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is therefore evidently the purpose of the author of this epistle (namely, Paul!) to show that Jesus is fully divine, just as fully as is Jehovah or as is the Father. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one-Person) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 rendering must be considered the correct one. It is supported by the following considerations: ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 (1) Unless in any specific instance there are strong reasons to the contrary, the rule holds that when the first of two nouns of the same case and connected by the conjunction ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 and) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is preceded by the article, which is not repeated before the second noun, these two nouns refer to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the same person) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . When the article is repeated before the second noun, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 two persons) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 are indicated. Examples: ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 a.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The article, preceding the first of two nouns and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 not) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 repeated before the second: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 brother your and fellow-partaker. The two nouns refer to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the same person,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.9|AUTODETECT|” John, and the expression is correctly translated, your brother and fellow-partaker 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 b. Two) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 articles, one preceding each noun: Let him be unto you as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Gentile and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.17|AUTODETECT|” tax-collector 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The two nouns refer to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 two persons) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (in this case, each representing a class). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Now, according to this rule the disputed words in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 clearly refer to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Person, namely, Christ Jesus, for when translated word for word the phrase reads: ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 great God and of Savior our Christ Jesus. The article before the first noun is not repeated before the second, and therefore the expression must be rendered: ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 of our great God and Savior Christ Jesus. ) No valid reason has ever been found which would show that the (Granville Sharp) rule does not apply in the present case.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref15 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn15” 203) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.11|AUTODETECT|” �� In fact, it is generally admitted that the words which in the original occur at the close of ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.11|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 refer to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Person, and must be rendered, our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. But if that be true, then why should not the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 essentially) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.1|AUTODETECT|” identical idiom in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.1|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” and here in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 be rendered, our God and Savior Jesus Christ ? ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 (2) Nowhere in the entire New Testament is the term ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 epiphany (appearing) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 manifestation)) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 used with respect to more than ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Person. Also, the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Person to whom it refers is always Christ 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.8|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.14|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , where the reference is to the First Coming). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” (3) The phraseology here in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 may well have been framed in reaction to the type of language that was often used by the heathen with respect to their own idol-gods, whom they regarded as saviors, and particularly to the phraseology in connection with the worship of earthly rulers. Was not Ptolemy I called Savior and God ? Were not Antiochus and Julius Cesar addressed as God Manifest ?��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref16 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn16” 204) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� Paul indicates that believers look forward to the Appearing of the One who is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 really) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 God and Savior, yes our great (exalted, glorious) God and Savior, namely, Christ Jesus. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The real point of the passage, in connection with all that has preceded, is that our joyful expectation of the appearing in glory of our great God and Savior Christ Jesus ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 effectively prepares) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.4|AUTODETECT|” us for the life with him. How does it do this? First, because the Second Coming will be so altogether glorious that believers will not want to miss out on it, but will want to be manifested with him in glory 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.4|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Secondly, because the blissful expectation fills believers with gratitude, and gratitude produces preparedness, by God s grace. ) -60 3 2 0 2 0

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The contemplation of this sublime thought should result in a life to his honor. Furthermore, by his sacrificial death he merited for us the work of the Holy Spirit in our hearts. Apart from that Spirit it would be impossible for us to live the sanctified life. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.130.8|AUTODETECT|” Christ gave himself for us with a twofold purpose: the first negative 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.130.8|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 130:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.23|AUTODETECT|” ), the second positive 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.23|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 7:23) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ). Negatively, he gave himself for us in order to redeem us, that is, in order to ransom us from an evil power. The ransom-price was his own precious blood 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.18|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:18) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.3|AUTODETECT|” ). And the power from which we are delivered is that of lawlessness 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.3|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), that is, indwelling disobedience to God s holy law, in whatever form that disobedience makes itself manifest 7 1 -1 9 0 0 all) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 lawlessness ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.26|AUTODETECT|” Positively, he gave himself for us in order to purify for himself a people, that is, in order by means of his blood and Spirit to purify us 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.26|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:26) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.14|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 9:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.7|AUTODETECT|” I John 1:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), so that, thus purified, we are fit to be a people, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 his very own) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.37.23|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.37.23|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 37:23) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Formerly ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Israel) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 was Jehovah s peculiar people; now ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the church) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.20|AUTODETECT|” is. And just as Israel was characterized by zeal for the law 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.20|AUTODETECT|” Acts 21:20) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ), so now Christ purifies his people with this very purpose in mind, namely, that it shall be a people for his own possession with a zest for noble deeds, deeds which proceed from faith, are done according to God s law and unto his glory 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.13|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 In summary, verses 11 14 teach us that the reason why every member of the family should live a life of self-mastery, fairness, and devotion is that the grace of God in Christ has penetrated our moral and spiritual darkness and has brought salvation to all men; that this grace is also our Great Pedagogue who leads us away from ungodliness and worldly passions and guides us along the path of holiness; that it is the Effective Preparer who causes us to look forward with eagerness to the Appearing in glory of our great God and Savior Christ Jesus; and, finally, that it is the thorough-going Purifier, so that, redeemed from all disobedience to God s law, we become Christ s peculiar treasure, filled with a zest for excellent deeds. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 15.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 As a fitting conclusion to the entire chapter (in a sense to both chapters) Paul adds: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 These things keep on telling (them) and urging (upon them) and reproving, with all authority.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Titus must never grow slack in his duty. He must continue to do what he has been doing all along. He must constantly ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 talk) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (see on verse 1) about this glorious life of sanctification as a thank-offering presented to God for his wonderful grace in Christ. He must ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 urge) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 it upon the people, doing this whenever the occasion presents itself, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 admonishing) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (see on verse 6) those who are in need of special admonition, and even ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 reproving) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.9|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) those who have merited reproof. All this he must do with all authority, the authority of Christ whom he represents. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 Let no one slight you.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Titus must conduct himself in such a manner that no one will think around him; that is, that no one will in his heart and mind by-pass, disregard or ignore Titus, thinking, Never mind what ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 he) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 has said about this or that matter. Though this command is addressed ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 directly) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 to Titus who must take it to heart, it will also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 indirectly) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 help him in the performance of his duties, namely, when it is read to the various presbyters and congregations. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Synthesis of Chapter 2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 4 3 8 0 0 See the Outline at the beginning of the chapter. ) Sanctification in mutual relationships, with emphasis on the Christian family, is the theme of this chapter. Doctrine and life must agree. Hence, Titus must urge aged men to be temperate, dignified, etc.; aged women to be reverent; young men to exercise self-control (Timothy himself being their model); and slaves to be submissive in their deportment, pleasing in disposition, and of unquestionable dependability. Moreover, he wants the older women to instruct the younger ones to love their husbands and their children, to be self-controlled, chaste, domestic, kind, and submissive to their husbands. All these various classes should be motivated by the desire that the Word of God be honored, the sound doctrine adorned, and the enemy of the truth put to shame. ) Not a single class or group of society must fail to come under the sanctifying influence of the Holy Spirit. Has not the grace of God appeared, bringing salvation to them all?

This grace is the Great Penetrator, which invaded the realm of darkness and brought light, namely, the light of knowledge, holiness, joy, and peace ; the Wise Pedagogue, training us to crucify worldly passions and to live lives of Christian devotion; the Effective Preparer, pointing to the realization of our blessed hope when our great God and Savior Christ Jesus returns in glory; and the Thorough-going Purifier, in Christ redeeming us from all lawlessness and transforming us into a people for Christ s own possession, filled with a zest for noble deeds. Titus must constantly talk about this glorious life of sanctification on the part of everybody. It should be presented to God as a thank-offering for his wonderful grace. Let Titus then see to it that no one slights him or his words. ) On the question of slavery and race-relations see also the following: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Everyday Life in Ancient Times) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , published by the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 National Geographic Magazine) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , 1953, pp. 175, 302, 303; J. C. Furnas, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Goodbye to Uncle Tom) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , New York, 1956, especially pp. 285 388; note extensive Bibliography on pp. 397 418; Frank C. J. McGurk, A Scientist s Report on Race Differences, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 U.S. News and World Report) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , Sept. 21, 1956; and the pertinent articles in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Life) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 magazine, Sept. 3, 1956. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn1 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref1” 193 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Because of its length this footnote has been placed at the end of the chapter. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn2 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref2” 194 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 For a fine summary of biblical teaching with respect to The Christian Home one may consult (in addition to various works on Ethics, Encyclopedia-articles, and special treatises) the excellent topical outlines in the Index of Thompson s ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 New Chain Reference Bible) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , pp. 62 66, article Home. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn3 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref3” 195 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 See the lists on p. 201 of Burton Scott Easton s ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Pastoral Epistles) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , New York, 1947. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn4 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref4” 196 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Titus has the sequence: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 aged men, aged women, young women, young(er) men,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.1|AUTODETECT|” a chiastic arrangement. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 has: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 old(er) man, young(er) men, old(er) women, young(er) women) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.9|AUTODETECT|” . Note that three of the words in the first list differ from the three corresponding words in the second list. Aged man 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ) cannot mean church-elder, but the word which in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” has been rendered old(er) man (��) has elsewhere in the Pastorals the meaning church-elder 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Aged woman (��) is fem. of ��, the prose form of ��, but old(er) woman is compar. adj. as subst. Finally, young woman is the adj. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 young, youthful,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.1|AUTODETECT|” with fem. ending, as subst.; but young(er) woman is the compar. of the same adj. However, as remarked in connection with ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , at times the comparative idea seems to have almost vanished. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn5 10 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref5” N.T.C. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 W. Hendriksen, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 New Testament Commentary) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn6 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref6” 197 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 It is possible to accept a different punctuation, so that instead of the rendering workers at home, kind, we would have to translate (with Bouma and others): ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 good workers) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 at home. But the former is more in keeping with the entire list of requirements. Note that none of the four preceding ones has a modifier; each is a single word: loving-toward-their-husbands (just one word), loving-toward-their-children (again only one word in the original), self-controlled, chaste. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn7 11 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref7” 198 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” What age-limit does the apostle have in mind when he refers to these young(er) men ? Is he thinking only of those under forty? 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.22|AUTODETECT|” and ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.22|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 .) But then, if by aged men those of 60 and over are indicated, there would remain a large group those of 40 60 for which he has no admonition at all. Hence, young(er) men may here indicate all those under 60; or else the age-limit separating the two classes aged and young(er) may have to be lowered somewhat, say to 50 years of age. See Irenaeus, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Against Heresies) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.56|AUTODETECT|” II. xxii, 5; also ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.56|AUTODETECT|” John 8:56) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.57|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.57|AUTODETECT|” 57) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn8 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref8” 199 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Nam parum alioqui autoritatis habebit doctrina, nisi in vita episcopi, tanquam in speculo, vis eius et maiestas eluceat. Vult ergo doctorem esse exemplar, cui se discipuli conforment (John Calvin on this passage). ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn9 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref9” 200 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I see no need, therefore, of adopting the view of Bouma and others, that �� (verse 10, the best text) is a limiting word and must be translated with respect to that which is good. More natural would seem to be the construction which gave rise to the rendering found in the A.V. and A.R.V.: showing all good fidelity. One might regard the original as an idiom for evincing the utmost trustworthiness. Cf. the original in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.14|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn10 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref10” 201 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.25|AUTODETECT|” The present participle �� is here used in a sense in which Luke often (and Paul never elsewhere) employs the word 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.25|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:25) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.38|AUTODETECT|” , ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.38|AUTODETECT|” 38) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.36|AUTODETECT|” 12:36) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.51|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.51|AUTODETECT|” 23:51) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Paul uses it in the sense of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 receiving favorably, welcoming) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.2|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.29|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:29) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.15.2|AUTODETECT|” ; thus also Luke in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.15.2|AUTODETECT|” Luke 15:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.15.2|AUTODETECT|” ). But this is no valid argument against the Pauline authorship of the Pastorals or the Lucan authorship of ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.15.2|AUTODETECT|” Luke 15:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Luke and Paul were friends. Besides, if Paul s nephew could use the word in the sense of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 waiting for) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.21|AUTODETECT|” 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 23:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.21|AUTODETECT|” ), why not Paul himself? And, if the answer to this should be, But it is Luke, and not Paul s nephew, who is responsible for the word in ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 23:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , the reply to this is once again, Luke and Paul were friends! ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn11 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref11” 202 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.16.8|AUTODETECT|” Literally the text reads the appearing of the glory. Some (for example, A.V., Berkeley Version, Goodspeed) prefer the rendering the glorious appearing. Others (for example, Lenski and White) object to this rendering. Yet, I cannot see that the objection is very formidable. If the expression the steward of the unrighteousness 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.16.8|AUTODETECT|” Luke 16:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31|AUTODETECT|” ) means the unrighteous steward, why cannot the phrase the appearing of the glory mean the glorious appearing ? But whether a person translates one way or the other, the resultant meaning is about the same, namely, the appearing in glory (as Weymouth renders the phrase and as Bouma and others interpret it). Cf. ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:31) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.26|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:26) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn12 10 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref12” A.R.V. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 American Standard Revised Version ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn13 10 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref13” R.S.V. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Revised Standard Version ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn14 10 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref14” A.V. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Authorized Version (King James) ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn15 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref15” 203 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 See Gram.N.T., pp. 785 787; also same author (A. T. Robertson), ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Minister And His Greek New Testament) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , New York, 1923, pp. 61 68. Now if it could be established that not only is �� a proper name but that in addition Paul generally refers the epiphany to two Persons, we would have something parallel to the expression of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 God our and of Lord Jesus Christ where in spite of the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 article the reference is in all probability to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 two) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Persons, and the phrase can be rendered: of our God and of the Lord Jesus Christ 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ). See N.T.C. on I and II Thessalonians, p. 164, the last paragraph, and also footnote 117 on that page. But ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” and ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 are not identical. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn16 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref16” 204 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 See E. Stauffer, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Christ and the Caesars) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , Philadelphia, 1955 7 1 -1 9 0 0 WThJ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , XVIII, Number 2 (May, 1956), pp. 171 176. And see also footnote 76. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn17 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref17” 205 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Read also A. A. Hodge, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Atonement) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , Philadelphia, 1867; and L. Berkhof, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Vicarious Atonement Through Christ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , Grand Rapids, Mich., 1936.)

New Testament Commentary (Baker)

William Hendriksen (1900–1982) was a Dutch-American Reformed theologian and professor at Calvin Theological Seminary. His New Testament Commentary series, later completed by Simon J. Kistemaker, covers the entire New Testament and is one of the most highly regarded Reformed commentary sets of the …

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New Testament

MAT MRK LUK JHN ACT ROM 1CO 2CO GAL EPH PHP COL 1TH 2TH 1TI 2TI TIT PHM HEB JAS 1PE 2PE 1JN 2JN 3JN JUD REV

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