Luke 10:25–42 — Two Ways to Life — « Leader information shown in this fashion »
A. The context: this follows the words of Jesus to His disciples in which He rejoices that the Father has made spiritual truth clear, not to the wise and prudent, but to babes (verse 21). The two incidents next recorded are contrasting illustrations of this truth. « There is a lawyer, skilled in the understanding of the law of Moses and the traditions; there is Mary, a young girl, a “babe” in terms of education. »
B. Parable of the Good Samaritan (only found in Luke)
1. preamble, Luke 10:25–29 (NKJV): 25 And behold, a certain lawyer stood up and tested Him, saying, “Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?” 26 He said to him, “What is written in the law? What is your reading of it?” 27 So he answered and said, “‘You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind,’ and ‘your neighbour as yourself.’” 28 And He said to him, “You have answered rightly; do this and you will live.” 29 But he, wanting to justify himself, said to Jesus, “And who is my neighbour?”
a. the lawyer’s first question, 10:25. It is important in looking at Jesus’ reply here, and other places, to carefully note what is the question that is being asked. « For example, many people wrongly interpret Matthew 24 and 25 because they fail to realize that
(A) in Matthew 24:3, the disciples ask three questions
(1) when will the temple be destroyed?
(2) what will be the signs of Jesus’ coming (parousia)?
(3) what will be the sings of the end of the age?
(B) and that Jesus answers the disciples’ questions neither in order nor individually. » Jesus probably was teaching with everyone seated; so the lawyer stood to question Him.
b. what was the purpose of the lawyer’s question?
(A) « to put to the test fully (ek-) or evaluate completely »
(B) is this necessarily bad? « — no, Deuteronomy 13:1-5 and 18:15–22 placed the responsibility on Israelites to test prophets to ensure they were not false »
c. what are the principal elements of the lawyer’s question?
(A) the result:– « eternal life; literally, life for the age to come; ie., life suitable for the promised kingdom age; it is probably only a slight exaggeration to say that for the Jew this was bound up with a kingdom in the land »
(B) the process:– « inheritance; God’s blessing of the nation of Israel, and particularly those related to the land, was based upon its keeping of the Mosaic covenant; so the word shows the scope of the lawyer’s question: the Law. Can there be inheritance without death? Yes; prodigal son, inheritance of the land of Canaan, for example. The argument in Hebrews 9:16ff is on another subject. »
(C) the means:– « doing (works); “what can I perform?” so his underlying assumptions were eternal life is law-based and that he so far had met all of the required criteria. »
d. what does Jesus choose as the authority for the answer to the question of the lawyer? « — the Law, his own field »
e. what are Jesus’ questions to the lawyer?
(A) « what is written that you recite in the shema’ daily? »
(B) « how do you understand the words your recite? »
f. the lawyer recites (as did Jesus, Matthew 22:37, Mark 12:29) from two old testament passages; what do these sum up?
(A) Deuteronomy 6:4–5? « — the first table of the law, being man’s duty to God »
(B) Leviticus 19:18? « — the second table of the law, being one’s duty to fellow man; »
g. the word neighbour: in the Greek it is not the word for the person living next door, but part of the community; in the Hebrew it is from ra’ah: meaning II, associate with (meaning I, tend, pasture, shepherd)
h. how does Jesus assess the lawyer’s answer? « — it is correct »
i. Jesus tells him to do this; what will be the result? « — eternal life, because Jesus is answering his question without deceitful »
j. Jesus could answer this way because He knew (1) what the next question would be, (2) so that the lawyer would not be able to leave with a false hope, and, (3) the lawyer’s answer was not about performance of the Law, but about having love which can only come by grace — in the same situation, we need to make sure these truths are stated
k. what was the purpose and implication of the lawyer’s second question?
(A) « to show himself either righteous or learned in the law »
(B) « to prove his keeping of the second part was complete by appropriately limiting what is a neighbour »
l. Jesus replies with the parable of the Good Samaritan; what question does it
(A) answer? « — who is my neighbour? »
(B) NOT answer? « — how am I saved; can I earn eternal life? »
2. the parable, Luke 10:30–35 (NKJV): 30 Then Jesus answered and said: “A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, who stripped him of his clothing, wounded him, and departed, leaving him half dead. 31 Now by chance a certain priest came down that road. And when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. 32 Likewise a Levite, when he arrived at the place, came and looked, and passed by on the other side. 33 But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was. And when he saw him, he had compassion. 34 So he went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring on oil and wine; and he set him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him. 35 On the next day, when he departed, he took out two denarii, gave them to the innkeeper, and said to him, ‘Take care of him; and whatever more you spend, when I come again, I will repay you.’”
a. the man was beaten and dying, already half way there
b. priests and Levites were religious professionals whose duties
(A) were « — the ministration of temple sacrifice & service »
(B) required (Leviticus 21:1–4, Numbers 8:6, 19:11-12) « — to be ceremonial clean in order to carry out their duties »
c. the the Jews, the Samaritan was
(A) « a mixed, partly Jewish race »
(B) « one practising a false, heathen religion »
d. and he showed: « compassion, mercy, love »
3. Luke 10:36-37 (NKJV): 36 “So which of these three do you think was neighbour to him who fell among the thieves?” 37 And he said, “He who showed mercy on him.” Then Jesus said to him, “Go and do likewise.”
a. then how is “neighbour” defined here? « — any fellow human who is in need of your neighbourliness, of mercy or help »
b. what is pointed out as missing in the lawyer? « — mercy »
c. is mercy a commandment of God? « — consider Micah 6:8; it is not “what the Lord suggests for you” »
4. so, can a person (other than Jesus Christ) be justified by Law?
a. Romans 3:20? « — no, it is impossible »
b. why not (also Romans 8:3)? « — because the law can only bring to light the knowledge of our sin, and man must fail in its keeping because of the impact of our fallen nature »
C. The Mary and Martho Lesson, Luke 10:38–42 (NKJV): 38 Now it happened as they went that He entered a certain village; and a certain woman named Martha welcomed Him into her house. 39 And she had a sister called Mary, who also sat at Jesus’ feet and heard His word. 40 But Martha was distracted with much serving, and she approached Him and said, “Lord, do You not care that my sister has left me to serve alone? Therefore tell her to help me.” 41 And Jesus answered and said to her, “Martha, Martha, you are worried and troubled about many things. 42 But one thing is needed, and Mary has chosen that good part {share}, which will not be taken away from her.”
1. in this context of lawyers, Jews, and Samaritans
a. where was Martha situated? « — a good Jew, even believing in Christ, but more concerned with duty and service than with spending time with Jesus himself »
b. Mary? « — a good Jew, but thirsting for more than any doctor of the law could give; thirsting for the word of the Lord »
2. what is the character of Mary’s portion? « — everlasting; Greek word is used in LXX in Deuteronomy 10:9, 12:12 »
D. what lessons should Christians learn from these two narratives?
1. « what it really means to show love to one’s neighbour »
2. « what it really means to love the Lord »