1 Chronicles 1:47 — Word Study
WLCוַיָּ֖מָת הֲדָ֑ד וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו שַׂמְלָ֖ה מִמַּשְׂרֵקָֽה׃
BSAWhen HadadHădad [the Edomite king] diedmûwth▸ [passed away, came to an end] SamlahSamlâh [a king of Edom] from MasrekahMasrêqâh [vineyard of noble vines, an ancient place in Idumaea] reignedmâlak▸ [ruled as king, took the throne] in his placetachath [stead, position of authority]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיָּ֖מָת | and he died | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| הֲדָ֑ד | Hadad | Noun proper masculine |
| וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ | and he reigned | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| תַּחְתָּ֔יו | in place of him | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| שַׂמְלָ֖ה | Samlah | Noun proper masculine |
| מִמַּשְׂרֵקָֽה׃ | from Masrekah | Preposition, noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | When Hadad died, Samlah from Masrekah reigned in his place. |
| KJV | And when Hadad was dead, Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. |
| ASV | And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. |
| YLT | and Hadad dieth, and reign in his stead doth Samlah from Masrekah; |
| WEB | Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his place. |
| BBE | And at the death of Hadad, Samlah of Masrekah became king in his place. |
Where they part company is וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by two subordinate phrases that provide additional context.
1 commentators on this verse
Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
subjectהֲדַד
verbמוּת
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 1:47
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Kings of Edomgenerated
1 Chronicles 1:47 is part of a genealogy that lists the kings of Edom, showing the succession of rulers and their origins. This verse highlights the transition of power following Hadad's death, marking a significant moment in Edomite history. The context illustrates the continuity of leadership in Edom, as each king takes the place of his predecessor, reflecting the political landscape of the time.
Cross References
The Key Word — וַיָּ֖מָת, vai.Ya.motgenerated
The verb מוּת (mūth) means 'to die' and encompasses a range of meanings from natural death to execution. In this verse, it indicates the end of Hadad's reign, marking a transition in leadership.
The parsing reveals that it is in the sequential imperfect tense, indicating that this event is part of a narrative flow. The use of this verb underscores the inevitability of death as part of the succession of kings.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The sentence structure is straightforward, with two main clauses: the first clause introduces the event of Hadad's death, and the second clause describes Samlah's ascension to the throne. This structure emphasizes the succession of power.
The finite verbs וַיָּ֖מָת and וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ serve as the anchors of the clauses, with the subject הֲדָ֑ד clearly identified in the first clause. The prepositional phrase מִמַּשְׂרֵקָֽה specifies the origin of Samlah, adding context to his reign.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates וַיָּ֖מָת as ἀπέθανεν (apethanen), which also means 'he died.' This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, indicating a straightforward translation of the event.
The verb וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ is rendered as ἐβασίλευσεν (ebasileusen), meaning 'he reigned.' This reflects the continuity of leadership in the narrative, mirroring the Hebrew text's intent.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 1:47 tells us that when Hadad, the king of Edom, died, Samlah from Masrekah became the new king. This verse is part of a list of Edomite kings, showing how leadership passed from one ruler to another.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Hadad was a king of Edom, known for defeating the Midianites and for his connections to other figures in Edomite history.
Samlah's name means 'garment' and he is recognized as a king of Edom in the historical records.
Masrekah is identified as an ancient place in Idumaea, known as the 'vineyard of noble vines,' and is noted as the hometown of Samlah.
The succession of kings illustrates the continuity of leadership in Edom and provides insight into the political dynamics of the region.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about leadership from the succession of kings in Edom?
- How does the death of a leader impact a community or nation?
- In what ways do names and places in the Bible carry significance?
- What parallels can we draw between ancient kings and modern leaders?
Commentators on this verse — 1 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 1:47 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(47) Masrekah means place of Sorek vines.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
When Hadad died, Samlah from Masrekah reigned in his place.
Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his place.
When Hadad died, Samlah from Masrekah reigned in his place.
When Hadad died, Samlah from Masrekah succeeded him.
Tyndale line
And when Hadad was dead, Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead.
And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead.
And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead.
And when Hadad was dead, Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead.
So Hadad dyed, and Samlah of Mashrecah reigned in his stead.
Strictly literal
And Hadad died; and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead.
and Hadad dieth, and reign in his stead doth Samlah from Masrekah;
and Hadad dies, and Samlah from Masrekah reigns in his stead;
And Hadad died, and there reigned in his stead Samlah of Massrekah.
When Hadad died, Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his place.
From the Latin
And when Adad also was dead, Semla of Masreca reigned in his stead.
Simplified
When Hadad died, Samlah from Masrekah took over as king.
And at the death of Hadad, Samlah of Masrekah became king in his place.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of 1 Chronicles 1:47, with all six words matched in the Septuagint's translation. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of the events described.
וַיָּ֖מָת הֲדָ֑ד וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו שַׂמְלָ֖ה מִמַּשְׂרֵקָֽה׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 1:47
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מוּת (mūth) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to die' or 'to kill.' It encompasses a range of meanings from dying naturally to being executed as a penalty. The word can refer to both humans and animals, and it includes various forms such as causing death or being killed. There is a distinction in usage based on the subject, whether it is a person or God inflicting death.
מוּת vb. die
Qal
die, of natural or other causes
die as a penalty = be put to death
Po‛lel. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
Hiph.
abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
subj. God, by inflicting penalty
of animals killing men
bring to a premature death
Hoph. be killed, put to death
base
H4191 מוּת die .. die, of natural or other causes
. die as a penalty = be put to death
. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
. . abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
. subj. God, by inflicting penalty
. of animals killing men
. bring to a premature death
. be killed, put to death
4191 muwth mooth
a primitive root: to die (literally or figuratively);
causatively, to kill:--X at all, X crying, (be) dead (body,
man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to,
be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), X must needs,
slay, X surely, X very suddenly, X in (no) wise.
מוּת (mut) — to die.
1) to die, kill, have one executed
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to die
1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death
1a3) to die, perish (of a nation)
1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)
1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch
1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be killed, be put to death
1d1a) to die prematurely
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
הֲדַד (Hadad) is a name associated with several kings of Edom, likely meaning 'mighty.' The entries note Hadad's role as a king who defeated the Midianites and mention his connections to other figures, such as his marriage to the sister of Tahpenes. The name appears in contexts related to Edomite history, particularly in Genesis and 1 Kings.
הֲדַד n.pr.m. Hadad
name of kings of Edom
an Edomite
base
H1908 הֲדַד Hadad
1908 Hadad had-ad'
probably of foreign origin (compare 111); Hadad, the name of
an idol, and of several kings of Edom:--Hadad.
see HEBREW for 0111
הֲדַד (ha.dad) — Hadad.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.35;
son of: Bedad (H0911)
§ Hadad = "mighty"
1) son of Ishmael
2) a king of Edom who gained an important victory over the Midianites on the field of Moab
3) another king of Edom, with Pau for his capital
4) a member of the royal house of Edom who escaped the massacre under Joab and fled with a band of followers into Egypt; after David's death, he returned to his own country
הֲדַד (ha.dad) — Hadad.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.39; married to Mehetabel (H4105); also called Hadar at Gen.36.39;
Also named: ha.dar (הֲדַר "Hadar" H1924)
§ Hadad = "mighty"
1) son of Ishmael
2) a king of Edom who gained an important victory over the Midianites on the field of Moab
3) another king of Edom, with Pau for his capital
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
ha'-dad:
(1) (chadhadh, "sharpness"): One of the twelve sons of Ishmael (Ge 25:15, where the King James Version, following a mistake in Hebrew text, has "Hadar"; but "Hadad" is found in parallel passage 1Ch 1:30; the Revised Version (British and American) reads "Hadad" in both places).
(2) (hadhadh): A king of Edom, son of Bedad (Ge 36:35,36 parallel 1Ch 1:46,47), "who smote Midian in the field of Moab," and whose "city was Avith."
Hadad
Adod, brave(?), the name of a Syrian god. (1.) An Edomite king who defeated the Midianites (Gen. 36:35; 1 Chr. 1:46).
(2.) Another Edomite king (1 Chr. 1:50, 51), called also Hadar (Gen. 36:39; 1 Chr. 1:51).
(3.) One of “the king’s seed in Edom.” He fled into Egypt, where he married the sister of Pharaoh’s wife (1 Kings 11:14-22). He became one of Solomon’s adversaries.
Hadad, sharp, (a different name in Hebrew from the preceding), one of the sons of Ishmael (1 Chr. 1:30). Called also Hadar (
(mighty), originally the indigenous appellation of the sun among the Syrians, and thence transferred to the king as the highest of earthly authorities. The title appears to have been an official one, like Pharaoh. It is found occasionally in the altered form Hadar. (Genesis 25:15; 36:39) compared with 1Chr 1:30,50 Son of Ishmael. (Genesis 25:15; 1 Chronicles 1:30) A king of Edom who gained an important victory over the Midianites on the field of Moab. (Genesis 36:35; 1 Chronicles 1:46) Also a king of Edom, with Pau for his capital. (
1. An Idumean prince, who defeated the Midianites in the plains of Moab, Ge 36:35 1Ch 1:16.
2. A second prince of Edom, mentioned in 1Ch 1:51.
3. Another Edomite of the royal family, who fled to Egypt while young, upon David’s conquest of Edom, 2Sa 8:14; was well received, and married the queen’s sister. After the death of David and Joab, he returned to Edom and made an ineffectual effort to throw off the yoke of Solomon, 1Ki 11:14-22 2Ch 8:17.
מָלַךְ (malak) is a Hebrew verb meaning to reign, become king or queen, or to counsel. It encompasses various forms, including Qal (to reign), Hiphil (to make someone king), and Niphal (to consider). The word appears in contexts related to royalty and governance, with a notable reference in Daniel 9:1 for its use in the passive form.
H4427a מָלַךְ vb. denom. be, or become king, or queen, reign H4427b מָלַךְ counsel, advise—only Niph. Impf.
4427 malak maw-lak'
a primitive root; to reign; inceptively, to ascend the
throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by
implication) to take counsel:--consult, X indeed, be (make,
set a, set up) king, be (make) queen, (begin to, make to)
reign(-ing), rule, X surely.
מָלַךְ (ma.lakh) — to reign.
1) to be or become king or queen, reign
1a) (Qal) to be or become king or queen, reign
1b) (Hiphil) to make one king or queen, cause to reign
1c) (Hophal) to be made king or queen
מָלַךְ (ma.lakh) — to advise.
1) to counsel, advise
1a) (Niphal) to consider
Aramaic equivalent: me.lakh (מְלֵךְ "counsel" H4431)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
תַּחַת (tachath) refers to the concept of being underneath or below. It can function as a noun meaning 'the under part,' or as an adverb and preposition indicating position or substitution, such as 'instead of' or 'for the sake of.' The word encompasses various uses, including physical placement and metaphorical meanings related to subjection or exchange.
תַּחַת n.[m.] the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
base
H8478 תַּחַת the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
8478 tachath takh'-ath
from the same as 8430; the bottom (as depressed); only
adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix
underneath), in lieu of, etc.:--as, beneath, X flat,
in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead
of, under, X unto, X when...was mine, whereas, (where-)fore,
with.
see HEBREW for 08430
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: under.
: under/below
1) the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas n m
1a) the under part adv accus
1b) beneath prep
1c) under, beneath
1c1) at the foot of (idiom)
1c2) sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (fig)
1c3) of subjection or conquest
1d) what is under one, the place in which one stands
1d1) in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)
1d2) in place of, instead of (in transferred sense)
1d3) in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged)
conj
1e) instead of, instead of that
1f) in return for that, because that in compounds
1g) in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion)
1h) from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: instead.
: instead/in_place/exchange
Prep | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
שַׂמְלָה (Samlah) refers to a figure from Edom, specifically a king mentioned in the context of the lineage of Edomite rulers. The name is linked to the Hebrew word for 'garment,' but the entries primarily focus on Samlah as a proper name without extensive detail on its meaning or significance.
שַׂמְלָה n.pr.m. kg. of Edom
base
H8072 שַׂמְלָה kg. of Edom
8072 Samlah sam-law'
probably for the same as 8071; Samlah, an Edomite:--Samlah.
see HEBREW for 08071
שַׂמְלָה (sam.lah) — Samlah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.36
§ Samlah = "garment"
a king of Moab and successor of Hadad or Hadar
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
sam'-la (samlah; Salama): One of the kings of Edom, of the city of Masrekah. He reigned before the Israelites had kings (Ge 36:36,37; 1Ch 1:47,48). The fact that the city is mentioned in connection with the name of the king suggests that Edom was a confederacy at this time and the chief city was the metropolis of the whole country.
(garment), (Genesis 36:36,37; 1 Chronicles 1:47,48) one of the kings of Edom, successor to Hadad or Hadar.
his raiment; his left hand; his astonishment
מַשְׂרֵקָה (Masreqah) refers to a location in Edom, specifically identified as a vineyard. It is noted as the native place of Samlah, an ancient Edomite king. The term is derived from a form related to another Hebrew word for vineyard, indicating its agricultural significance.
מַשְׂרֵקָה n.pr.loc. in Edom
base
H4957 מַשְׂרֵקָה in Edom
4957 Masreqah mas-ray-kaw'
a form for 7796 used denominatively; vineyard; Masrekah, a
place in Idumaea:--Masrekah.
see HEBREW for 07796
מַשְׂרֵקָה (mas.re.qah) — Masrekah.
§ Masrekah = "vineyard of noble vines"
an ancient place, the native spot of Samlah, one of the old kings of the Edomites
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
mas'-re-ka, mas-re'-ka (masreqah; Masekka): A place mentioned in the list of ancient rulers of Edom (Ge 36:31), "before there reigned any king over the children of Israel." Masrekah was the royal city of Samlah, son of Hadad (Ge 36:36; 1Ch 1:47). The name may mean "place of choice vines," but there is nothing to show in what locality it must be sought.
Masrekah
Vineyard of noble vines, a place in Idumea, the native place of Samlah, one of the Edomitish kings (Gen. 36:36; 1 Chr. 1:47).
whistling; hissing