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1 Chronicles 1:50 — Word Study

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WLCוַיָּ֙מָת֙ בַּ֣עַל חָנָ֔ן וַיִּמְלֹ֤ךְ תַּחְתָּיו֙ הֲדַ֔ד וְשֵׁ֥ם עִיר֖וֹ פָּ֑עִי וְשֵׁ֨ם אִשְׁתּ֤וֹ מְהֵיטַבְאֵל֙ בַּת־ מַטְרֵ֔ד בַּ֖ת מֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃

BSAWhen Baal-hananBaʻal Chânân [the Edomite king, Baal is gracious] diedmûwth [passed away, came to an end] HadadHădad [an Edomite king] reignedmâlak [ruled, took the throne] in his placetachath [underneath, in his stead] His cityʻîyr [Pau, the capital] was namedshêm [designated, called] PauPâʻûw [a place in Edom] and his wife’sʼishshâh [woman, female partner] nameshêm was MehetabelMᵉhêyṭabʼêl [favored of God, blessed by God] daughterbath [female child, descendant] of MatredMaṭrêd [an Edomite woman] the daughterbath [offspring, descendant] of Me-zahabMêy Zâhâb [waters of gold, a wealthy man]

Word
Listen & take away1 Chronicles 1
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 50 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (za.Hav) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
1 Chronicles 1:50quick helps
In a sentenceBaal-hanan died, and Hadad took over as king.
Who is speakingThe narrative recounts the succession of kings in Edom.
Where we areThis verse is part of a genealogical account of Edomite kings.
The hard wordוַיָּ֙מָת֙
Take awayLeadership in Edom passed from one king to another.
4 commentators on this verse Trapp, Ellicott, AdamClarke, Cambridge & more — read them › clause subjectהֲדַד verbמוּת The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 1:50

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Succession of Kings in Edomgenerated

49When Shaul died, Baal-hanan son of Achbor reigned in his place.
50When Baal-hanan died, Hadad reigned in his place. His city was named Pau, and his wife’s name was Mehetabel daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab.
51Then Hadad died. Now the chiefs of Edom were Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,
52Oholibamah, Elah, Pinon,

1 Chronicles 1:50 describes the transition of power among the Edomite kings, detailing the death of Baal-hanan and the rise of Hadad. This passage highlights the continuity of leadership in Edom, as Hadad takes the throne, and it provides insights into the lineage and connections of these rulers, including their families and cities, which is essential for understanding the history of Edom.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Genesis 36:39When Baal-hanan son of Achbor died, Hadad reigned in his place. His city was named Pau, and his wife’s name was Mehetabel daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab.
2Genesis 36:39When Baal-hanan son of Achbor died, Hadad reigned in his place. His city was named Pau, and his wife’s name was Mehetabel daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word וַיָּ֙מָת֙, vai.Ya.motgenerated

The verb מוּת (mūth) means 'to die' and can refer to both natural death and execution. In this context, it indicates the end of Baal-hanan's life, marking a significant moment in the lineage of Edomite kings.

The parsing as a sequential imperfect third person masculine singular suggests that this action is part of a narrative unfolding in time, emphasizing the historical aspect of the events described.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as well as in the KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE, all of which agree on the key actions of death and succession.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb is וַיָּ֙מָת֙, he died, which governs the subsequent clause about Hadad's reign. The structure reflects a typical Hebrew narrative style, where one event leads directly to another.

The sentence construction follows a sequence of actions, with the subject of each clause clearly identified, allowing for a straightforward understanding of the succession of kings.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint uses the Greek word ἀπέθανεν for מוּת (mūth), indicating a direct translation that maintains the meaning of death. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew context, underscoring the finality of Baal-hanan's death.

The translation reflects the continuity of the narrative, as the Greek also captures the transition of power to Hadad.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

1 Chronicles 1:50 tells us that when Baal-hanan died, Hadad became king in his place. It also mentions that Hadad's city was Pau and that his wife was Mehetabel, daughter of Matred and granddaughter of Me-zahab. This verse provides a glimpse into the leadership and family connections of the Edomite kings.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the name Baal-hanan mean?

Baal-hanan means 'Baal is gracious' and refers to an Edomite king.

Who was Hadad?

Hadad was another king of Edom who reigned after Baal-hanan and is mentioned in the context of Edomite leadership.

What significance does the city Pau have?

Pau is noted as the capital city during Hadad's reign, indicating its importance in Edomite history.

Who is Mehetabel?

Mehetabel is Hadad's wife, whose name means 'favored of God,' and she is linked to the lineage of Edom.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What can we learn about leadership transitions from this verse?
  2. How do the names in this passage reflect the culture and beliefs of the Edomites?
  3. In what ways does this verse connect to the broader narrative of Edomite history?
  4. What significance do family connections hold in the context of leadership in ancient societies?

Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 1:50 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

1 Chronicles 1:50 And when Baalhanan was dead, Hadad reigned in his stead: and the name of his city [was] Pai; and his wife’ s name [was] Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab.Ver. 50. Baalhanan.] Or Hannibal.

Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 1 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(50) Baal-hanan.—Some MSS. have “ben Achbor,” as in Genesis 36:39; so in 1 Chronicles 1:51. “Alvah,” of Genesis, is more correct than our “Aliah.” The Hebrew margin reads “Alvah” (Alwah). Pai.—Many MSS. have “Pau,” the reading of Gen., which is right. Hadar (Genesis 36:39), on the other hand, is probably a mistake for Hadad. Mehetabel.—El benefiteth. Perhaps Mehetabel was an Israelite, as no other queen of Edom is mentioned. But her name is Aramean.

Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 1 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 50. Daughter of Mezahab.] This word מי זהב mey zahab, is literally the golden waters; or What is gold? The Targumist paraphrases thus: "Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, was so earnest and diligent in business that she became immensely rich; but when she was converted, she said, What is this silver, and What is this gold? That is, They are of no real worth."

Read AdamClarke on 1 Chronicles 1 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

50. Hadad] As in 1 Chronicles 1:46; in Genesis 36:39, “Hadar.” 51a. Hadad died also] R.V. And Hadad died. The words are repeated by a copyist’s error from 1 Chronicles 1:47 (R.V. “And Hadad died,” as here); they are not found in Genesis.

Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 1 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

When Baal-hanan died, Hadad reigned in his place. His city was named Pau, and his wife’s name was Mehetabel daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Baal Hanan died, and Hadad reigned in his place; and the name of his city was Pai. His wife’s name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

When Baal-hanan died, Hadad reigned in his place. His city was named Pau, and his wife’s name was Mehetabel daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab.

NETBNew English Translation2006

When Baal-Hanan died, Hadad succeeded him; the name of his city was Pai. His wife was Mehetabel, daughter of Matred, daughter of Me-Zahab.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And when Baal-hanan was dead, Hadad reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pai; and his wife’s name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And Baal-hanan died, and Hadad reigned in his stead; and the name of his city was Pai: and his wife’s name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And Baal-hanan died, and Hadad reigned in his stead; and the name of his city was Pai: and his wife’s name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And when Baal-hanan was dead, Hadad reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pai; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And Baal-hanan dyed, and Hadad reigned in his stead, and the name of his citie was Pai, and his wiues name Mehetabel the daughter of Matred the daughter of Mezahab.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And Baal-hanan died; and Hadad reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pai; and his wife's name was Mehetabel the daughter of Matred, daughter of Mezahab.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and Baal-Hanan dieth, and reign in his stead doth Hadad, and the name of his city [is] Pai, and the name of his wife [is] Mehetabel daughter of Matred, daughter of Me-Zahab; Hadad also dieth.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and Ba‘al-Hanan dies, and Hadad reigns in his stead, and the name of his city [is] Pai, and the name of his wife [is] Mehetabel daughter of Matred, daughter of Me-Zahab; Hadad also dies.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And Ba'al-chanan died, and there reigned in his stead Hadad; and the name of his city was Pa'i; and the name of his wife was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

When Baal-Hanan son of Akbor died, Hadad reigned in his place. The name of his city was Pau. His wife's name was Mehetabel daughter of Matred daughter of Me-Zahab.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

He also died, and Adad reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Phau, and his wife was called Meetabel the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezaab.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

When Baal-Hanan died, Hadad took over as king. The name of his city was Pau. The name of his wife was Mehetabel, daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-Zahab.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And at the death of Baal-hanan, Hadad became king in his place; his town was named Pai, and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbיָּ֨מָת֙he.diedוַandclauseverbיִּמְלֹ֤ךְhe.reignedprepositional phrase · prepositionalתַּחְתָּיinו֙place.of.himsubjectהֲדַ֔דHadadוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectשֵׁ֥םthe.namenoun phraseעִיר֖his.cityוֹhispredicateפָּ֑עִי[was].Paiוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectשֵׁ֨םthe.namenoun phraseאִשְׁתּ֤his.wifeוֹhisnoun phrase · predicateמְהֵיטַבְאֵל֙[was].Mehetabelnoun phraseבַּתthe.daughternoun phraseמַטְרֵ֔דof.Matrednoun phraseבַּ֖תthe.daughter

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with 13 out of 17 words matched. This consistency suggests a stable transmission of the text over time, although the Septuagint's structure may differ.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיָּ֙מָת֙ בַּ֣עַל חָנָ֔ן וַיִּמְלֹ֤ךְ תַּחְתָּיו֙ הֲדַ֔ד וְשֵׁ֥ם עִיר֖וֹ פָּ֑עִי וְשֵׁ֨ם אִשְׁתּ֤וֹ מְהֵיטַבְאֵל֙ בַּת־ מַטְרֵ֔ד בַּ֖ת מֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיָּ֙מָת֙ἀπέθανενוַיִּמְלֹ֤ךְἐβασίλευσενתַּחְתָּיו֙αὐτοῦהֲדַ֔דαδαδוְשֵׁ֥םὄνομαעִיר֖וֹαὐτοῦפָּ֑עִיφογωρוְשֵׁ֨ם’’אִשְׁתּ֤וֹ’’מְהֵיטַבְאֵל֙’’בַּת־’’מַטְרֵ֔ד’’בַּ֖ת’’

13 of the 17 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

1 Chronicles 1:50מוּתand he diedand he diedמוּתבַ֫עַלBaal-Baal-בַ֫עַלבַ֫עַלHananHananבַ֫עַלמָלַךְand he reigand he reignedמָלַךְתַּחַתin place ofin place of himתַּחַתהֲדַדHadadHadadהֲדַדשֵׁםand [the] nand [the] name שֵׁםעִירcity hiscity hisעִירפָּ֑עוּ[was] Pai[was] Paiפָּ֑עוּשֵׁםand [the] nand [the] name שֵׁםאִשָּׁהwife hiswife hisאִשָּׁהמְהֵיטַבְאֵל[was] Mehet[was] Mehetabelמְהֵיטַבְאֵלבַּת[the] daugh[the] daughter בַּתמַטְרֵדMatredMatredמַטְרֵדבַּת[the] daugh[the] daughter בַּתמֵיMe-Me-מֵימֵיZahabZahabמֵיבַּעַלmastermasterבַּעַלשׂוּםto set: mato set: makeשׂוּםבָּנָהto buildto buildבָּנָהמַיWater (GatWater (Gate)מַיעוּרto rouseto rouseעוּרפָּעָהto groanto groanפָּעָהיָטַבbe goodbe goodיָטַבטָרַדto pursueto pursueטָרַדתּוֹחַתּוֹחַהֲדַדHadadHadadהֲדַדאִישׁmanmanאִישׁאֱנוֹשׁhumanhumanאֱנוֹשׁמַטְרֵדMatredMatredמַטְרֵדגְּדֵרִיGederiteGederiteגְּדֵרִיקָרָאto call: cto call: call tקָרָאיָדָהto give thto give thanksיָדָהצִיּוֹןZionZionצִיּוֹןאֵםmothermotherאֵם
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 1:50

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
וַיָּ֙מָת֙vai.Ya.mot and he died H4191 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
840× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to die, either literally or as a punishment, and is used in books like Genesis and Exodus. It can also mean to perish or be killed. This concept is seen in the story of Adam and Eve, where death enters the world as a result of sin.
Amplified meaning
passed away, came to an end
Tyndale gloss
to die
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוּת (mūth) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to die' or 'to kill.' It encompasses a range of meanings from dying naturally to being executed as a penalty. The word can refer to both humans and animals, and it includes various forms such as causing death or being killed. There is a distinction in usage based on the subject, whether it is a person or God inflicting death.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוּת vb. die

Qal

die, of natural or other causes

die as a penalty = be put to death

Po‛lel. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)

Hiph.

abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man

subj. God, by inflicting penalty

of animals killing men

bring to a premature death

Hoph. be killed, put to death

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4191 מוּת die .. die, of natural or other causes

. die as a penalty = be put to death

. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)

. . abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man

. subj. God, by inflicting penalty

. of animals killing men

. bring to a premature death

. be killed, put to death

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4191 muwth mooth

a primitive root: to die (literally or figuratively);

causatively, to kill:--X at all, X crying, (be) dead (body,

man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to,

be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), X must needs,

slay, X surely, X very suddenly, X in (no) wise.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוּת (mut) — to die.

1) to die, kill, have one executed

1a)(Qal)

1a1) to die

1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death

1a3) to die, perish (of a nation)

1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)

1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch

1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death

1d) (Hophal)

1d1) to be killed, be put to death

1d1a) to die prematurely

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqw3ms
and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
בַּ֣עַלBa.'al Baal- H1177 Noun proper masculine
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Baal-hanan means 'Baal is gracious', the name of an Edomite king and an Israelite officer of David, who oversaw olive and sycamore plantations, as seen in 1 Chronicles 27:28.
Amplified meaning
the Edomite king, Baal is gracious
Tyndale gloss
Baal-hanan
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַ֫עַל חָנָן (Baal Chanan) means 'Baal is gracious' and refers to a name associated with two individuals: an early king of Edom and an officer under King David. The name is derived from roots meaning 'possessor of grace.' It first appears in Genesis 36:38 and is also mentioned in 1 Chronicles 27:28.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַ֫עַל חָנָן n.pr.m. (Baal is gracious)

king of Edom

a Gederite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1177 בַ֫עַל חָנָן (Baal is gracious)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1177 Ba`al Chanan bah'-al khaw-nawn'

from 1167 and 2603; possessor of grace; Baal-Chanan, the name

of an Edomite, also of an Israelite:--Baal-hanan.

see HEBREW for 01167

see HEBREW for 02603

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּ֫עַל חָנָן (ba.al cha.nan) — Baal-hanan.

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.38;

son of: Achbor (H5907)

§ Baal-hanan = "Baal is gracious"

1) an early king of Edom

2) one of David's officers, a Gederite, who had the superintendence of his olive and sycamore plantations

בַּ֫עַל חָנָן (ba.al cha.nan) — Baal-hanan.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.27.28

§ Baal-hanan = "Baal is gracious"

1) an early king of Edom

2) one of David's officers, a Gederite, who had the superintendence of his olive and sycamore plantations

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Baal

Lord. (1.) The name appropriated to the principal male god of the Phoenicians. It is found in several places in the plural BAALIM (Judg. 2:11; 10:10; 1 Kings 18:18; Jer. 2:23; Hos. 2:17). Baal is identified with Molech (Jer. 19:5). It was known to the Israelites as Baal-peor (Num. 25:3; Deut. 4:3), was worshipped till the time of Samuel (1 Sam 7:4), and was afterwards the religion of the ten tribes in the time of Ahab (

geographical. This word occurs as the prefix or suffix to the names of several places in Palestine, some of which are as follows: BAAL a town of Simeon, named only in (1 Chronicles 4:33) which from the parallel list in (Joshua 19:8) seems to have been identical with BAALATH-BEER. BAALAH (mistress). A. Another name for KIRJATH-JEARIM, or KIRJATH BAAL, the well-known town now Kuriet el Enab . (Joshua 15:9,10; 1 Chronicles 13:6) b. A town in the south of Judah, (Joshua 15:29) which in Josh 19:3 Is called BALAH, and in the parallel list, (

Lord,

1. In the Old Testament denotes an idol of the Phoenicians, and particularly of the Tyrians, whose worship was also introduced with great solemnities among the Hebrews, and especially at Samaria, along with that of Astarte, Jud 6:25-32 2Ki 10:18,28. See ASHTORETH, plural ASH’TAROTH. The plural, Baalim, signifies images or statues of Baal, Jud 2:11 10:10. Of the extent to which the worship of this idol was domesticated among the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, we have an evidence in the proper names of persons; as, among the former, Ethbaal, Jerubbaal; and among the latter, Hannibal, Asdrubal, etc. Among the Babylonians, the same idol was worshipped under the name of BEL, which is only another form of the word Baal,

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

master; lord

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
חָנָ֔ןcha.Nan Hanan H1177 Noun proper masculine
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Baal-hanan means 'Baal is gracious', the name of an Edomite king and an Israelite officer of David, who oversaw olive and sycamore plantations, as seen in 1 Chronicles 27:28.
Tyndale gloss
Baal-hanan
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַ֫עַל חָנָן (Baal Chanan) means 'Baal is gracious' and refers to a name associated with two individuals: an early king of Edom and an officer under King David. The name is derived from roots meaning 'possessor of grace.' It first appears in Genesis 36:38 and is also mentioned in 1 Chronicles 27:28.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַ֫עַל חָנָן n.pr.m. (Baal is gracious)

king of Edom

a Gederite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1177 בַ֫עַל חָנָן (Baal is gracious)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1177 Ba`al Chanan bah'-al khaw-nawn'

from 1167 and 2603; possessor of grace; Baal-Chanan, the name

of an Edomite, also of an Israelite:--Baal-hanan.

see HEBREW for 01167

see HEBREW for 02603

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּ֫עַל חָנָן (ba.al cha.nan) — Baal-hanan.

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.38;

son of: Achbor (H5907)

§ Baal-hanan = "Baal is gracious"

1) an early king of Edom

2) one of David's officers, a Gederite, who had the superintendence of his olive and sycamore plantations

בַּ֫עַל חָנָן (ba.al cha.nan) — Baal-hanan.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.27.28

§ Baal-hanan = "Baal is gracious"

1) an early king of Edom

2) one of David's officers, a Gederite, who had the superintendence of his olive and sycamore plantations

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpm — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ha'-nan (chanan, "gracious"):

(1) A chief of the tribe of Benjamin (1Ch 8:23).

(2) The youngest son of Azel, a descendant of Saul (1Ch 8:38; 9:44).

(3) One of David's mighty men of valor (1Ch 11:43).

(4) The head of a family of the Nethinim who returned with Zerubbabel (Ezr 2:46; Ne 7:49).

(5) An assistant of Ezra in expounding the law (Ne 8:7). Possibly the same person is referred to in Ne 10:10 (11).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Hanan

Merciful. (1.) A Benjamite (1 Chr. 8:23). (2.) One of David’s heroes (1 Chr. 11:43). (3.) Jer. 35:4. (4.) A descendant of Saul (1 Chr. 8:38). (5.) One of the Nethinim (Ezra 2:46). (6.) One of the Levites who assisted Ezra (Neh. 8:7). (7.) One of the chiefs who subscribed the covenant (Neh. 10:22).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(merciful). One of the chief people of the tribe of Benjamin. (1 Chronicles 8:23) The last of the six sons of Azel, a descendant of Saul. (1 Chronicles 8:38; 9:44) (B.C. 588.) "Son of Maachah," i.e. possibly a Syrian of Aram-maachah, one of the heroes of David’s guard. (1 Chronicles 11:43) (B.C. 1046). The sons of Hanan were among the Nethinim who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (Ezra 2:46; Nehemiah 7:49) (B.C. 536). One of the Levites who assisted Ezra in his public exposition of the law. (Nehemiah 8:7) (B.C. 446.) The same person is probably mentioned in ch.…

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

full of grace

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
וַיִּמְלֹ֤ךְvai.yim.Lokh and he reigned H4427 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
348× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To advise or counsel is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which can also mean to reign or rule as a king. It is used in the Bible to describe the actions of leaders, like King Solomon, who sought wisdom to rule God's people. This word is found in the book of 1 Kings.
Amplified meaning
ruled, took the throne
Tyndale gloss
to reign
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָלַךְ (malak) is a Hebrew verb meaning to reign, become king or queen, or to counsel. It encompasses various forms, including Qal (to reign), Hiphil (to make someone king), and Niphal (to consider). The word appears in contexts related to royalty and governance, with a notable reference in Daniel 9:1 for its use in the passive form.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מָלַךְ 346 vb. denom. be, or become king, or queen, reign

Qal 296 be (become) king, reign

Hiph. make king, or queen, cause to reign

Hoph. Dn 9:1.

base

[מָלַךְ] vb. counsel, advise;—only Niph. Impf. i.e. I considered carefully, Ne 5:7.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4427a מָלַךְ vb. denom. be, or become king, or queen, reign H4427b מָלַךְ counsel, advise—only Niph. Impf.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4427 malak maw-lak'

a primitive root; to reign; inceptively, to ascend the

throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by

implication) to take counsel:--consult, X indeed, be (make,

set a, set up) king, be (make) queen, (begin to, make to)

reign(-ing), rule, X surely.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָלַךְ (ma.lakh) — to reign.

1) to be or become king or queen, reign

1a) (Qal) to be or become king or queen, reign

1b) (Hiphil) to make one king or queen, cause to reign

1c) (Hophal) to be made king or queen

מָלַךְ (ma.lakh) — to advise.

1) to counsel, advise

1a) (Niphal) to consider

Aramaic equivalent: me.lakh (מְלֵךְ "counsel" H4431)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqw3ms
and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
תַּחְתָּיו֙tach.Tav in place of him H8478 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
505× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means underneath or below, often used to describe physical locations or positions. It appears in various books, including Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to indicate something is under or beneath something else. The word has several related meanings.
Amplified meaning
underneath, in his stead
Tyndale gloss
underneath: under
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תַּחַת (tachath) refers to the concept of being underneath or below. It can function as a noun meaning 'the under part,' or as an adverb and preposition indicating position or substitution, such as 'instead of' or 'for the sake of.' The word encompasses various uses, including physical placement and metaphorical meanings related to subjection or exchange.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תַּחַת n.[m.] the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8478 תַּחַת the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8478 tachath takh'-ath

from the same as 8430; the bottom (as depressed); only

adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix

underneath), in lieu of, etc.:--as, beneath, X flat,

in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead

of, under, X unto, X when...was mine, whereas, (where-)fore,

with.

see HEBREW for 08430

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: under.

: under/below

1) the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas n m

1a) the under part adv accus

1b) beneath prep

1c) under, beneath

1c1) at the foot of (idiom)

1c2) sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (fig)

1c3) of subjection or conquest

1d) what is under one, the place in which one stands

1d1) in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)

1d2) in place of, instead of (in transferred sense)

1d3) in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged)

conj

1e) instead of, instead of that

1f) in return for that, because that in compounds

1g) in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion)

1h) from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath

תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: instead.

: instead/in_place/exchange

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3ms
and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
הֲדַ֔דha.Dad Hadad H1908 Noun proper masculine
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Hadad was the name of an idol and several kings of Edom, including one who married an Egyptian woman and had a son named Genubath. The name means mighty.
Amplified meaning
an Edomite king
Tyndale gloss
Hadad
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֲדַד (Hadad) is a name associated with several kings of Edom, likely meaning 'mighty.' The entries note Hadad's role as a king who defeated the Midianites and mention his connections to other figures, such as his marriage to the sister of Tahpenes. The name appears in contexts related to Edomite history, particularly in Genesis and 1 Kings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֲדַד n.pr.m. Hadad

name of kings of Edom

an Edomite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1908 הֲדַד Hadad

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1908 Hadad had-ad'

probably of foreign origin (compare 111); Hadad, the name of

an idol, and of several kings of Edom:--Hadad.

see HEBREW for 0111

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֲדַד (ha.dad) — Hadad.

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.35;

son of: Bedad (H0911)

§ Hadad = "mighty"

1) son of Ishmael

2) a king of Edom who gained an important victory over the Midianites on the field of Moab

3) another king of Edom, with Pau for his capital

4) a member of the royal house of Edom who escaped the massacre under Joab and fled with a band of followers into Egypt; after David's death, he returned to his own country

הֲדַד (ha.dad) — Hadad.

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.39; married to Mehetabel (H4105); also called Hadar at Gen.36.39;

Also named: ha.dar (הֲדַר "Hadar" H1924)

§ Hadad = "mighty"

1) son of Ishmael

2) a king of Edom who gained an important victory over the Midianites on the field of Moab

3) another king of Edom, with Pau for his capital

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ha'-dad:

(1) (chadhadh, "sharpness"): One of the twelve sons of Ishmael (Ge 25:15, where the King James Version, following a mistake in Hebrew text, has "Hadar"; but "Hadad" is found in parallel passage 1Ch 1:30; the Revised Version (British and American) reads "Hadad" in both places).

(2) (hadhadh): A king of Edom, son of Bedad (Ge 36:35,36 parallel 1Ch 1:46,47), "who smote Midian in the field of Moab," and whose "city was Avith."

(3) Another king of Edom, written "Hadar" in Ge 36:39 by a copyist's mistake, but "Hadad" in the parallel passage 1Ch 1:50,51. His city was…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Hadad

Adod, brave(?), the name of a Syrian god. (1.) An Edomite king who defeated the Midianites (Gen. 36:35; 1 Chr. 1:46).

(2.) Another Edomite king (1 Chr. 1:50, 51), called also Hadar (Gen. 36:39; 1 Chr. 1:51).

(3.) One of “the king’s seed in Edom.” He fled into Egypt, where he married the sister of Pharaoh’s wife (1 Kings 11:14-22). He became one of Solomon’s adversaries.

Hadad, sharp, (a different name in Hebrew from the preceding), one of the sons of Ishmael (1 Chr. 1:30). Called also Hadar (

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(mighty), originally the indigenous appellation of the sun among the Syrians, and thence transferred to the king as the highest of earthly authorities. The title appears to have been an official one, like Pharaoh. It is found occasionally in the altered form Hadar. (Genesis 25:15; 36:39) compared with 1Chr 1:30,50 Son of Ishmael. (Genesis 25:15; 1 Chronicles 1:30) A king of Edom who gained an important victory over the Midianites on the field of Moab. (Genesis 36:35; 1 Chronicles 1:46) Also a king of Edom, with Pau for his capital. (

1. An Idumean prince, who defeated the Midianites in the plains of Moab, Ge 36:35 1Ch 1:16.

2. A second prince of Edom, mentioned in 1Ch 1:51.

3. Another Edomite of the royal family, who fled to Egypt while young, upon David’s conquest of Edom, 2Sa 8:14; was well received, and married the queen’s sister. After the death of David and Joab, he returned to Edom and made an ineffectual effort to throw off the yoke of Solomon, 1Ki 11:14-22 2Ch 8:17.

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
וְשֵׁ֥םve.Shem and [the] name of H8034 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
864× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, a name represents a person's identity, honor, and character, like God's name symbolizing His power and authority. It appears in Genesis and other books, often referring to God's name or a person's reputation. This concept is central to understanding biblical identity.
Amplified meaning
designated, called
Tyndale gloss
name
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֵׁם (shem) means 'name' and encompasses various meanings such as reputation, fame, and glory. It can refer to the designation of God and is often associated with memorials or monuments. The word is built from a primitive root and highlights individuality and honor. There is a mention of its use in relation to false gods, which is forbidden.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֵׁם 864 n.m. name (√ unknown)

of river, beasts, city, i.e. exact designation of it

usu. of pers.

= reputation

esp. as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, esp. in his sons

name, as designation of God

of false gods, use forbidden

= memorial, monument

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8034 שֵׁם name (√ unknown)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8034 shem shame

a primitive word (perhaps rather from 7760 through the idea

of definite and conspicuous position; compare 8064); an

appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by

implication honor, authority, character:--+ base,

(in-)fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report.

see HEBREW for 07760

see HEBREW for 08064

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֵׁם (shem) — name.

1) name

1a) name

1b) reputation, fame, glory

1c) the Name (as designation of God)

1d) memorial, monument

Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
עִיר֖וֹi.Ro city his H5892 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
1,090× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to a city or town, often a place with a wall or a watchman. It is used to describe a settlement or encampment, like the city of Ai, which is mentioned in the book of Joshua. The word is used to identify specific locations in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
Pau, the capital
Tyndale gloss
excitement
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage

base

עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town

city, town, abode of men

of fortress in a city

appar. fortified place, of any size

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men

. of fortress in a city

. appar. fortified place, of any size

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5892 `iyr eer

or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)

{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a

watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or

post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.

see HEBREW for 05782

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עִיר (ir) — excitement.

1) excitement, anguish

1a) of terror

עִיר (ir) — city.

1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)

1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)

1a) city, town

עִיר (ir) — City (of On).

Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)

This name means city, town

Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)

עִיר (ir) — Ir-.

#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;

son of: Tehinnah (H8468)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
פָּ֑עִיPa.'i [was] Pai H6464 Noun proper
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Pau is a place in Edom, mentioned in the Bible as the capital of king Hadar. Its site is uncertain, but it is referred to as Pau or Pai. The name means 'bleating' in Hebrew.
Amplified meaning
a place in Edom
Tyndale gloss
Pau
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּ֑עוּ (Pa`uw) refers to a location in Edom, possibly associated with the meaning 'bleating.' It is identified as the capital of King Hadar of Edom, though its exact site is uncertain. The word is derived from a root meaning 'screaming,' and is linked to the Hebrew word for 'screaming' found in H6463.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פָּ֑עוּ, פָּ֑עִי n.pr.loc. in Edom

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6464 פָּ֑עוּ, פָּ֑עִי in Edom

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6464 Pa`uw paw-oo'

or Pamiy {paw-ee'}; from 6463; screaming; Pau or Pai, a place

in Edom:--Pai, Pau.

see HEBREW for 06463

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּ֑עוּ (pa.u) — Pau.

§ Pai or Pau = "bleating"

the capital of king Hadar of Edom; site uncertain

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

pa'-i (pa`i; Phogor): The royal city of Hadad or Hadar, king of Edom (1Ch 1:50). The name is given as "Pau" (pa`u) in Ge 36:39. There is no indication of its position. It is not identified.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(blessing). [PAU]

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

Pau, howling; sighing

Nave's Topical Bible

→ A city in Edom 1Ch 1:50

→ Called PAU in Ge 36:39

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
וְשֵׁ֨םve.Shem and [the] name of H8034 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
864× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, a name represents a person's identity, honor, and character, like God's name symbolizing His power and authority. It appears in Genesis and other books, often referring to God's name or a person's reputation. This concept is central to understanding biblical identity.
Tyndale gloss
name
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֵׁם (shem) means 'name' and encompasses various meanings such as reputation, fame, and glory. It can refer to the designation of God and is often associated with memorials or monuments. The word is built from a primitive root and highlights individuality and honor. There is a mention of its use in relation to false gods, which is forbidden.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֵׁם 864 n.m. name (√ unknown)

of river, beasts, city, i.e. exact designation of it

usu. of pers.

= reputation

esp. as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, esp. in his sons

name, as designation of God

of false gods, use forbidden

= memorial, monument

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8034 שֵׁם name (√ unknown)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8034 shem shame

a primitive word (perhaps rather from 7760 through the idea

of definite and conspicuous position; compare 8064); an

appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by

implication honor, authority, character:--+ base,

(in-)fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report.

see HEBREW for 07760

see HEBREW for 08064

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֵׁם (shem) — name.

1) name

1a) name

1b) reputation, fame, glory

1c) the Name (as designation of God)

1d) memorial, monument

Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
אִשְׁתּ֤וֹ'ish.To wife his H802 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
781× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for woman, used to describe a female person, wife, or animal, appears in many biblical passages, including Genesis and Exodus, and is often translated as woman, wife, or female.
Amplified meaning
woman, female partner
Tyndale gloss
woman
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אִשָּׁה (ishshah) means 'woman,' 'wife,' or 'female.' It can refer to a woman in general, a wife in relation to a man, or the female of animals. The term also has distributive and reciprocal uses, indicating 'each woman' from her neighbor. The word is derived from the masculine forms אִישׁ (ish) and אִישָׁה (ishah), indicating a broad range of meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אִשָּׁה 773 n.f. woman, wife, female

woman

Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)

Female of animals

With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H802 אִשָּׁה woman, wife, female . woman

. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)

. Female of animals

. With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

802 'ishshah ish-shaw'

feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym

{naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as

582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none,

one, + together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.

see HEBREW for 0376

see HEBREW for 0582

see HEBREW for 0582

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman.

: woman

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: wife.

: wife/widow

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: another.

: another

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
מְהֵיטַבְאֵל֙me.hei.tav.'El [was] Mehetabel H4105 Noun proper masculine
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Mehetabel means favored of God and is the name of a man and woman in the Bible, including the father of a false prophet and the wife of an Edomite king. They are mentioned in Nehemiah 6:10. Mehetabel is a significant name in the context of the Exile and Return.
Amplified meaning
favored of God, blessed by God
Tyndale gloss
Mehetabel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מְהֵיטַבְאֵל (Mehetabel) means 'favored of God' and refers to both a woman and a man in the Old Testament. The woman is an Edomite princess, married to King Hadad, while the man is noted as an ancestor of the false prophet Shemaiah. Both figures are connected to the Edomite lineage, with the woman mentioned in Genesis 36:39 and the man in Nehemiah 6:10.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מְהֵיטַבְאֵל n.pr.pers. (God benefits)

f. an Edomite princess

m. ancestor of the false prophet Shemaiah

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4105 מְהֵיטַבְאֵל (God benefits)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4105 Mheytab'el meh-hay-tab-ale'

from 3190 (augmented) and 410; bettered of God; Mehetabel,

the name of an Edomitish man and woman:--Mehetabeel,

Mehetabel.

see HEBREW for 03190

see HEBREW for 0410

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מְהֵיטַבְאֵל (me.he.tav.el) — Mehetabel.

A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.39; her mother was Matred (H4308); married to Hadad (H1908H)

§ Mehetabeel or Mehetabel = "favoured of God"

1) the ancestor of Shemaiah, the false prophet who was hired against Nehemiah by Tobiah and Sanballat

2) the daughter of Matred and wife of king Hadad of Edom

מְהֵיטַבְאֵל (me.he.tav.el) — Mehetabel.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Neh.6.10;

father of: Delaiah (H1806J)

§ Mehetabeel or Mehetabel = "favoured of God"

1) the ancestor of Shemaiah, the false prophet who was hired against Nehemiah by Tobiah and Sanballat

2) the daughter of Matred and wife of king Hadad of Edom

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Mehetabel

Wife of Hadad, one of the kings of Edom (Gen. 36:39).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(favored of God), the daughter of Matred, and wife of Hadad king of Edom. (Genesis 36:39)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

how good is God

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Wife of Hadar Ge 36:39; 1Ch 1:50

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
בַּת־bat- [the] daughter of H1323 Noun common · feminine singular construct
588× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for daughter is used to describe a female child or a woman, and can also be used figuratively. In the Bible, it is used to describe women like Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah and later of King David.
Amplified meaning
female child, descendant
Tyndale gloss
Bath (Shua)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּת (bat) means 'daughter' and encompasses a range of meanings including female child, young women, and even personifications of cities or inhabitants. It can also refer to villages in certain contexts. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and is used in various figurative senses, such as 'branch' or 'apple of the eye.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּת 587 n.f. daughter

daughter, female child

young women, women

with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

pl. = villages, after name of city

in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

ostrich

fig.

of vine = branch

as n. relat.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1323 בַּת daughter . daughter, female child

. young women, women

. with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

. pl. = villages, after name of city

. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

. ostrich

. fig.

. of vine = branch

. as n. relat.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1323 bath bath

from 1129 (as feminine of 1121); a daughter (used in the same

wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and

figuratively):--apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter,

X first, X old, + owl, town, village.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01121

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּת (bat) — daughter.

: daughter

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

Also means: bat (בַּת ": village" H1323H)

בַּת (bat) — daughter: village.

: village

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

בַּת (bat) — Bath (Shua).

A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.38.2;

daughter of: Shua (H7770); married to Judah (H3063);

mother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
מַטְרֵ֔דmat.Red Matred H4308 Noun proper feminine
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Matred was an Edomite woman who lived during the time of the Patriarchs, mentioned in Genesis 36:39 as the daughter of Mezahab and mother of Mehetabel. She was part of the family of King Hadar of Edom. Her name means pushing forward.
Amplified meaning
an Edomite woman
Tyndale gloss
Matred
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַטְרֵד (Matred) refers to a woman mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically as the mother-in-law of Hadar (Hadad) and the daughter of Mezahab. The name is associated with the meaning 'pushing forward.' She is noted in Genesis 36:39 as part of the lineage of Edom.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מַטְרֵד n.pr.f. mother-in-law of Hadar (Hadad)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4308 מַטְרֵד mother-in-law of Hadar (Hadad)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4308 Matred mat-rade'

from 2956; propulsive; Matred, an Edomitess:--Matred.

see HEBREW for 02956

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַטְרֵד (mat.red) — Matred.

A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.39;

daughter of: Mezahab (H4314);

mother of: Mehetabel (H4105)

§ Matred = "pushing forward"

daughter of Mezahab and mother of Mehetabel, the wife of Hadar (Hadad) of Pau, king of Edom

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper feminine
HNpf
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ma'-tred (maTredh, "expulsion"): The mother of Mehetabel, wife of Hadar, one of the kings of Edom (Ge 36:39; 1Ch 1:50, "Hadad"). The Septuagint and Peshitta designate Matred as male, i.e. as son of Mezahab instead of daughter.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(pushing forward) daughter of Mezahab and mother of Mehetabel, who was wife of Hadar or Hadad of Pau, king of Edom. (Genesis 36:39; 1 Chronicles 1:50)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

wand of government

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Mother of Mehetabel Ge 36:39; 1Ch 1:50

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
בַּ֖תbat [the] daughter of H1323 Noun common · feminine singular construct
588× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for daughter is used to describe a female child or a woman, and can also be used figuratively. In the Bible, it is used to describe women like Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah and later of King David.
Amplified meaning
offspring, descendant
Tyndale gloss
Bath (Shua)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּת (bat) means 'daughter' and encompasses a range of meanings including female child, young women, and even personifications of cities or inhabitants. It can also refer to villages in certain contexts. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and is used in various figurative senses, such as 'branch' or 'apple of the eye.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּת 587 n.f. daughter

daughter, female child

young women, women

with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

pl. = villages, after name of city

in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

ostrich

fig.

of vine = branch

as n. relat.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1323 בַּת daughter . daughter, female child

. young women, women

. with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

. pl. = villages, after name of city

. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

. ostrich

. fig.

. of vine = branch

. as n. relat.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1323 bath bath

from 1129 (as feminine of 1121); a daughter (used in the same

wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and

figuratively):--apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter,

X first, X old, + owl, town, village.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01121

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּת (bat) — daughter.

: daughter

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

Also means: bat (בַּת ": village" H1323H)

בַּת (bat) — daughter: village.

: village

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

בַּת (bat) — Bath (Shua).

A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.38.2;

daughter of: Shua (H7770); married to Judah (H3063);

mother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
מֵ֥יmei Me- H4314 Noun proper masculine
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Amplified meaning
waters of gold, a wealthy man
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֵי זָהָב n.pr.m. an Edomite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4314 מֵי זָהָב an Edomite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4314 Mey Zahab may zaw-hawb'

from 4325 and 2091, water of gold; Me-Zahab, an

Edomite:--Mezahab.

see HEBREW for 04325

see HEBREW for 02091

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֵי זָהָב (me za.hav) — Mezahab.

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.39;

father of: Matred (H4308)

§ Mezahab = "waters of gold"

father of Matred and grandfather of Mehetabel, the wife of Hadad, the last named king of Edom

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he died Baal- Hanan and he reigned in place of him Hadad and [the] name of city his [was] Pai and [the] name of wife his [was] Mehetabel [the] daughter of Matred [the] daughter of Me- Zahab
זָהָֽב׃za.Hav Zahab H4314 Noun proper masculine
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֵי זָהָב n.pr.m. an Edomite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4314 מֵי זָהָב an Edomite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4314 Mey Zahab may zaw-hawb'

from 4325 and 2091, water of gold; Me-Zahab, an

Edomite:--Mezahab.

see HEBREW for 04325

see HEBREW for 02091

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֵי זָהָב (me za.hav) — Mezahab.

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.39;

father of: Matred (H4308)

§ Mezahab = "waters of gold"

father of Matred and grandfather of Mehetabel, the wife of Hadad, the last named king of Edom

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpm — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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