2 Samuel 3:5 — Word Study
WLCוְהַשִּׁשִּׁ֣י יִתְרְעָ֔ם לְעֶגְלָ֖ה אֵ֣שֶׁת דָּוִ֑ד אֵ֛לֶּה יֻלְּד֥וּ לְדָוִ֖ד בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃ פ
BSAand his sixthshishshîy was IthreamYithrᵉʻâm by David’sDâvid [the king of Judah, youngest son of Jesse] wifeʼishshâh EglahʻEglâh [one of David's wives, mother of Ithream] ◂These [sons]ʼêl-leh [specific] were bornyâlad■ [to beget, brought forth] to DavidDâvid in HebronChebrôwn [a place in Palestine, a city of refuge]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהַשִּׁשִּׁ֣י | and [was] the sixth | Conjunction, particle |
| יִתְרְעָ֔ם | Ithream | Noun proper masculine |
| לְעֶגְלָ֖ה | of Eglah | Preposition, noun proper feminine |
| אֵ֣שֶׁת | [the] wife of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| דָּוִ֑ד | David | Noun proper masculine |
| אֵ֛לֶּה | these | Particle |
| יֻלְּד֥וּ | they were born | Verb, Pual, perfect third person common plural |
| לְדָוִ֖ד | to David | Preposition, noun proper masculine |
| בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃ פ | in Hebron | Preposition, noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | and his sixth was Ithream, by David’s wife Eglah. These sons were born to David in Hebron. |
| KJV | And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron. |
| ASV | and the sixth, Ithream, of Eglah, David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron. |
| YLT | and the sixth [is] Ithream, of Eglah wife of David; these have been born to David in Hebron. |
| WEB | and the sixth, Ithream, of Eglah, David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron. |
| BBE | And the sixth, Ithream, whose mother was David's wife Eglah. These were the sons of David, whose birth took place in Hebron. |
The translations agree in presenting Ithream as the sixth son of David — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of two main clauses, with additional phrases providing context about Ithream's mother and the location of David's sons' births.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאֵלֶּה
verbיָלַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Samuel 3:5
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Sons of Davidgenerated
2 Samuel 3:5 provides a list of David's sons born to him in Hebron, emphasizing the lineage of the future king of Israel. This verse is part of a broader narrative that illustrates the complexity of David's family and the political dynamics of his reign, particularly during the conflict between the houses of Saul and David. The mention of each son signifies their place in the royal line and the importance of lineage in the biblical narrative.
Cross References
The Key Word — יִתְרְעָם, yit.re.'Amgenerated
The name יִתְרְעָם (Yitrea'm) refers to Ithream, the sixth son of King David, born to Eglah. The name is significant as it connects Ithream to the royal lineage of Judah and highlights his place among David's other sons, such as Absalom and Solomon.
Ithream's mention in this verse serves to underscore the importance of familial relationships in the context of David's kingship. The use of his name alongside the names of his brothers reflects the biblical emphasis on lineage and inheritance.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb governing the verse is יֻלְּד֥וּ, they were born, which connects the subject אֵ֛לֶּה (these) to the predicate describing their birth. The structure emphasizes the order of David's sons, with the prepositional phrase בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן (in Hebron) indicating the location.
The sentence is straightforward, with the subject followed by the verb and additional details about the sons' lineage and their mother.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יִתְרְעָם as ιεθερααμ, which mirrors the Hebrew name closely. This choice indicates a direct correspondence in the names, preserving the identity of David's son across translations.
The use of the same name in both texts shows a consistency in the recognition of Ithream's role within David's family.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Samuel 3:5 tells us that David had six sons, with Ithream being the sixth, born to his wife Eglah in Hebron. This verse highlights the importance of David's family and lineage during his reign as king.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Ithream was the sixth son of King David, born to Eglah, and is mentioned in the context of David's family.
The order of David's sons highlights their lineage and the importance of birth order in establishing rights to inheritance and leadership.
Eglah's name means 'heifer' in Hebrew, reflecting the common practice of naming in biblical times.
Hebron is significant as it was a city of refuge and the location where David reigned before becoming king over all Israel.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does understanding David's lineage help us grasp the significance of his reign?
- What role do names play in the biblical narrative, especially in the context of family?
- In what ways can we see the importance of family and lineage in our own lives?
- How does the setting of Hebron contribute to the story of David's kingship?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Samuel 3:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David's wife,.... Who also is not spoken of in any other place; only, in a like chronological account as the former, it is remarked that the mother of this only is
Read John Gill on 2 Samuel 3 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David's wife. These were born to David in Hebron. Eglah, David's wife.
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Samuel 3 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleDavid’ s wife: this is added, either because she was of obscure parentage, and was known by no other title but her relation to David; or to distinguish her from some other person of that name, who possibly might be of no good fame; or because this was his first and most proper wife, best known by her other name of Michal, who, though she had no child by David after she scoffed at him for dancing before the ark, , yet might have one before that time. And she might be named the last of these here, because she was given away from David, and married to another man, when David took the other wives; and therefore though she had been first, yet now she was become the last of them. Or this title…
Read Matthew Poole on 2 Samuel 3 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments2 Samuel 3:5 And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David’ s wife. These were born to David in Hebron. Ver. 5. Eglah David’ s wife.] His wife by a specialty: most dearly beloved. Some make her to be Michel, and her son to be Nathan: but that is not very likely. Praecipua et prima, ac prae aliis dilecta. - Lap.
Read John Trapp on 2 Samuel 3 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(2-5) And unto David.—The list of David’s sons born during his seven and a half years’ reign in Hebron rather interrupts the continuity of the narrative, but is quite in accordance with the habit of the sacred historians to insert at the beginning or at some turning point in each reign statistics about the house or family of the king. (See 1 Samuel 14:49-51; 2 Samuel 5:13; 1 Kings 3:1; 1 Kings 14:21; 1 Kings 15:2; 1 Kings 15:9, &c.) Amnon.—Written “Aminon” in 2 Samuel 13:20. His great crime and miserable end are related in 2 Samuel 13. Chileab.—Called “Daniel” in 1 Chronicles 3:1. None of the attempts to explain these as two forms of the same name have been successful. Either, therefore…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Samuel 3 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges5. Eglah David’s wife] A Jewish tradition as old as the time of Jerome (Quaest. Hebr. in libros Regum) makes Eglah (= heifer, cp. Judges 14:18) another name for Michal, who is supposed to be particularly distinguished both here and in 1 Chronicles 3:3 as David’s wife, because she was his first and best-loved. If so, her position last in the list may be accounted for because she was separated from David for a time, and only returned to him towards the close of his residence in Hebron (2 Samuel 3:13), so that Ithream was the youngest of his sons born there. Polygamy was tolerated by the Mosaic legislation as an existing custom, but discouraged as contrary to the original institution and true…
Read Cambridge on 2 Samuel 3 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
and his sixth was Ithream, by David’s wife Eglah. These sons were born to David in Hebron.
and the sixth, Ithream, of Eglah, David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron.
and his sixth was Ithream, by David’s wife Eglah. These sons were born to David in Hebron.
His sixth son was Ithream, born to David’s wife Eglah. These sons were all born to David in Hebron.
Tyndale line
And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron.
and the sixth, Ithream, of Eglah, David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron.
and the sixth, Ithream, of Eglah David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron.
And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David's wife. These were born to David in Hebron.
And the sixt, Ithream by Eglah Dauids wife: these were borne to Dauid in Hebron.
Strictly literal
and the sixth, Ithream, of Eglah David's wife. These were born to David in Hebron.
and the sixth [is] Ithream, of Eglah wife of David; these have been born to David in Hebron.
and the sixth [is] Ithream, of Eglah wife of David; these have been born to David in Hebron.
And the sixth, Yithre'am, by 'Eglah, David's wife. These were born to David in Hebron.
and the sixth, Ithream, was the son of David's wife Eglah. These sons were born to David in Hebron.
From the Latin
And the sixth Jethraam of Egla the wife of David: these were born to David in Hebron.
Simplified
Ithream (sixth), by David's wife Eglah. These were the sons born to David at Hebron.
And the sixth, Ithream, whose mother was David's wife Eglah. These were the sons of David, whose birth took place in Hebron.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all nine words matching in the Hebrew and Greek texts. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide partial restoration but affirm the essential structure and names presented in the Masoretic Text.
וְהַשִּׁשִּׁ֣י יִתְרְעָ֔ם לְעֶגְלָ֖ה אֵ֣שֶׁת דָּוִ֑ד אֵ֛לֶּה יֻלְּד֥וּ לְדָוִ֖ד בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃ פ
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
והששי יתרעם לעגלה [אשת] [דויד] [אלה] יולדו לדויד [בחברון]
3 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 4 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Samuel 3:5
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שִׁשִּׁי (shishshiy) means 'sixth' and can refer to both an ordinal number and a fractional part. It is derived from the root word for 'six' and has masculine and feminine forms. The entries consistently emphasize its use as a numerical designation.
שִׁשִּׁי m. 22 שִׁשִּׁית f. 6 adj.num.ordin. sixth
base
H8345 שִׁשִּׁי, שִׁשִּׁית sixth
8345 shishshiy shish-shee'
from 8337; sixth, ord. or (feminine) fractional:--sixth
(part).
see HEBREW for 08337
שִׁשִּׁי (shish.shi) — sixth.
1) sixth
1a) sixth (ordinal number)
1b) sixth (as fraction)
Conj | Art | Adj — Conjunction · particleHC/Td/Aomsa
יִתְרְעָם (Yithr`am) refers to Ithream, the sixth son of King David and Eglah, noted in the context of the United Monarchy. The name suggests a meaning related to 'profit of the people.' The entries indicate that Ithream is a historical figure from the tribe of Judah, but do not provide additional details about his life or significance.
יִתְרְעָם n.m. 6th son of David
base
H3507 יִתְרְעָם
3507 Yithr`am yith-reh-awm'
from 3499 and 5971; excellence of people; Jithream, a son of
David:--Ithream.
see HEBREW for 03499
see HEBREW for 05971
יִתְרְעָם (yit.re.am) — Ithream.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.3.5;
son of: David (H1732) and Eglah (H5698);
half-brother of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N)
§ Ithream = "profit of the people"
a son of David by his wife Eglah; the 6th son and born in Hebron
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(abundance of people), son of David, born to him in Hebron, and distinctly specified as the sixth, and as the child of Eglah, David’s wife. (2 Samuel 3:5; 1 Chronicles 3:3)
excellence of the people
עֶגְלָה (Eglah) refers to a woman mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically as one of David's wives and the mother of Ithream. The name translates to "a heifer." It appears in 2 Samuel 3:5, where her role in the narrative is established.
עֶגְלָה n.pr.f. wife of David;—2 S 3:5
base
H5698 עֶגְלָה
5698 `Eglah eg-law'
the same as 5697; Eglah, a wife of David:--Eglah.
see HEBREW for 05697
עֶגְלָה (eg.lah) — Eglah.
A woman living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.3.5; married to David (H1732);
mother of: Ithream (H3507)
§ Eglah = "a heifer"
a wife of David and mother of Ithream
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper feminineHR/Npf
Eglah
A heifer, one of David’s wives, and mother of Ithream (2 Sam. 3:5; 1 Chr. 3:3). According to a Jewish tradition she was Michal.
(a heifer), one of David’s wives during his reign in Hebron. (2 Samuel 3:5; 1 Chronicles 3:3) (B.C. 1055.)
heifer; chariot; round
אִשָּׁה (ishshah) means 'woman,' 'wife,' or 'female.' It can refer to a woman in general, a wife in relation to a man, or the female of animals. The term also has distributive and reciprocal uses, indicating 'each woman' from her neighbor. The word is derived from the masculine forms אִישׁ (ish) and אִישָׁה (ishah), indicating a broad range of meanings.
אִשָּׁה 773 n.f. woman, wife, female
woman
Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
Female of animals
With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
base
H802 אִשָּׁה woman, wife, female . woman
. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
. Female of animals
. With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
802 'ishshah ish-shaw'
feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym
{naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as
582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none,
one, + together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.
see HEBREW for 0376
see HEBREW for 0582
see HEBREW for 0582
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman.
: woman
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: wife.
: wife/widow
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: another.
: another
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
דָּוִד (David) refers to the second king of Israel, known as the youngest son of Jesse. The name means 'beloved' and is associated with a significant lineage, including many siblings and notable descendants like Solomon. The entries highlight his familial connections and historical context, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
דָּוִד, דָּוִיד 1066 n.pr.m. David
base
H1732 דָּוִד, דָּוִיד David
1732 David daw-veed'
rarely (fully); Daviyd {daw-veed'}; from the same as 1730;
loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse:--David.
see HEBREW for 01730
דָּוִד (da.vid) — David.
A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17;
son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I);
brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339);
father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N)
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
da'-vid (dawidh, or dawidh, "beloved"; Daueid, also in New Testament, Dauid, Dabid; see Thayer's Lexicon):
I. NAME AND GENEALOGY
II. EARLY YEARS
1. Shepherd
2. Slinger
3. Harpist
4. Poet
5. Psalmist
6. Tribesman
III. IN THE SERVICE OF SAUL
1. David First Meets Saul
2. His First Exploit
3. Envy of Saul and Flight of David
4. Jonathan and David
IV. DAVID IN EXILE
1. David as Outlaw
2. David Joins the Philistines
V. DAVID AS KING
1. Civil War
2. Conquests Abroad
3. Political Situation
4. The Ark
VI. DOMESTIC LIFE
1. His Wives and Children
2. Domestic Troubles
VII. HIS OFFICIALS
1. Prophets
2. Priests
3. Military Officers
4. Other Officials
5. Mutual Rivalry
VIII. PERSONAL CHARACTER OF DAVID
1. Chronicles
2. Psalms
3. Complex Character
4. Physical Courage
5. Moral Courage
6. Prudence
7. Strategy
8. Nobility
9. David in Relation to His Family
10. David in Relation to His Friends
11. His Success
12. His Foreign Friends
13. Nemesis
David
Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam. 17:25. As to his personal appearance, we only know that he was red-haired, with beautiful eyes and a fair face (1 Sam. 16:12; 17:42).
His early occupation was that of tending his father’s sheep on the uplands of Judah. From what we know of his after history, doubtless he frequently beguiled his time, when thus engaged, with his shepherd’s flute, while he drank in the many lessons taught him by the varied scenes spread around him. His first recorded exploits were his encounters with the wild beasts of the field. He mentions that with his own unaided hand he slew a lion and also a…
(well-beloved), the son of Jesse. His life may be divided into three portions: His youth before his introduction to the court of Saul; His relations with Saul; His reign. The early life of David contains in many important respects the antecedents of his future career. It appears that David was the youngest son, probably the youngest child, of a family of ten, and was born in Bethlehem B.C. 1085. The first time that David appears in history at once admits us to the whole family circle. The annual sacrificial feast is being held when Samuel appears, sent by God to anoint one of Jesse’s sons as they pass before him, (1 Samuel 16:6-10) Samuel sends for the youngest, David, who was "keeping the sheep," and anoints him. (1 Samuel 16:11-13) As David stood before Samuel we are enabled to…
Beloved, the youngest son of Jesse, of the tribe of Judah, born in Bethlehem B. C. 1085; one of the most remarkable men in either sacred of secular history. His life is fully recorded in 1Sa 16:1 1Ki 2:46. He was "the Lord’s anointed," chosen by God to be king of Israel instead of Saul, and consecrated to that office by the venerable prophet Samuel long before he actually came to the throne, 1Sa 16:1-13, for which God prepared him by the gift of his Spirit, and a long course of vicissitudes and dangers. In his early pastoral life he distinguished himself by his boldness, fidelity, and faith in God; and while yet a youth was summoned to court, as one expert in music, valiant, prudent in behavior, and comely in person. He…
אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.
אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these
in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
with preps.
base
H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
. with preps.
428 'el-leh ale'-leh
prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one
sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,
thus, which, who(-m).
see HEBREW for 0411
אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.
1) these
1a) used before antecedent
1b) used following antecedent
Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)
Pron — ParticleHTm
The Hebrew word יָלַד (*yalad*) means to bear, bring forth, or beget, and it encompasses various forms of childbirth and lineage declaration. It can refer to both the act of giving birth and the role of a midwife. The entries also note its use in contexts of distress and wicked behavior, as well as in reference to birthdays.
יָלַד 497 vb. bear, bring forth, beget
Qal
bear, bring forth
less often beget
of both parents
Niph. be born
Pi. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
Pu. be born
Hiph.
beget (a father a child)
bear
Hoph. day of one's being born = birthday
Hithp. declared their pedigree
base
H3205 יָלַד bear, bring forth, beget .. bear, bring forth
. less often beget
. of both parents
. be born
. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
. be born
. . beget (a father a child)
. bear
. day of one's being born = birthday
. declared their pedigree
3205 yalad yaw-lad'
a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget;
medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show
lineage:--bear, beget, birth((-day)), born, (make to) bring
forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be
delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch,
labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be
the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).
יָלַד (ya.lad) — to beget.
1) to bear, bringforth, beget, gender, travail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bear, bring forth
1a1a) of child birth
1a1b) of distress (simile)
1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)
1a2) to beget
1b) (Niphal) to be born
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to cause or help to bring forth
1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife
1c3) midwife (participle)
1d) (Pual) to be born
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to beget (a child)
1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity)
1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)
1g) (Hithpael) to declare one's birth (pedigree)
V-Pual-Perf-3cp — Verb · Pual · perfect third person common pluralHVPp3cp
See BORN.
דָּוִד (David) refers to the second king of Israel, known as the youngest son of Jesse. The name means 'beloved' and is associated with a significant lineage, including many siblings and notable descendants like Solomon. The entries highlight his familial connections and historical context, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
דָּוִד, דָּוִיד 1066 n.pr.m. David
base
H1732 דָּוִד, דָּוִיד David
1732 David daw-veed'
rarely (fully); Daviyd {daw-veed'}; from the same as 1730;
loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse:--David.
see HEBREW for 01730
דָּוִד (da.vid) — David.
A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17;
son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I);
brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339);
father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N)
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper masculineHR/Npm
da'-vid (dawidh, or dawidh, "beloved"; Daueid, also in New Testament, Dauid, Dabid; see Thayer's Lexicon):
I. NAME AND GENEALOGY
II. EARLY YEARS
1. Shepherd
2. Slinger
3. Harpist
4. Poet
5. Psalmist
6. Tribesman
III. IN THE SERVICE OF SAUL
1. David First Meets Saul
2. His First Exploit
3. Envy of Saul and Flight of David
4. Jonathan and David
IV. DAVID IN EXILE
1. David as Outlaw
2. David Joins the Philistines
V. DAVID AS KING
1. Civil War
2. Conquests Abroad
3. Political Situation
4. The Ark
VI. DOMESTIC LIFE
1. His Wives and Children
2. Domestic Troubles
VII. HIS OFFICIALS
1. Prophets
2. Priests
3. Military Officers
4. Other Officials
5. Mutual Rivalry
VIII. PERSONAL CHARACTER OF DAVID
1. Chronicles
2. Psalms
3. Complex Character
4. Physical Courage
5. Moral Courage
6. Prudence
7. Strategy
8. Nobility
9. David in Relation to His Family
10. David in Relation to His Friends
11. His Success
12. His Foreign Friends
13. Nemesis
David
Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam. 17:25. As to his personal appearance, we only know that he was red-haired, with beautiful eyes and a fair face (1 Sam. 16:12; 17:42).
His early occupation was that of tending his father’s sheep on the uplands of Judah. From what we know of his after history, doubtless he frequently beguiled his time, when thus engaged, with his shepherd’s flute, while he drank in the many lessons taught him by the varied scenes spread around him. His first recorded exploits were his encounters with the wild beasts of the field. He mentions that with his own unaided hand he slew a lion and also a…
(well-beloved), the son of Jesse. His life may be divided into three portions: His youth before his introduction to the court of Saul; His relations with Saul; His reign. The early life of David contains in many important respects the antecedents of his future career. It appears that David was the youngest son, probably the youngest child, of a family of ten, and was born in Bethlehem B.C. 1085. The first time that David appears in history at once admits us to the whole family circle. The annual sacrificial feast is being held when Samuel appears, sent by God to anoint one of Jesse’s sons as they pass before him, (1 Samuel 16:6-10) Samuel sends for the youngest, David, who was "keeping the sheep," and anoints him. (1 Samuel 16:11-13) As David stood before Samuel we are enabled to…
Beloved, the youngest son of Jesse, of the tribe of Judah, born in Bethlehem B. C. 1085; one of the most remarkable men in either sacred of secular history. His life is fully recorded in 1Sa 16:1 1Ki 2:46. He was "the Lord’s anointed," chosen by God to be king of Israel instead of Saul, and consecrated to that office by the venerable prophet Samuel long before he actually came to the throne, 1Sa 16:1-13, for which God prepared him by the gift of his Spirit, and a long course of vicissitudes and dangers. In his early pastoral life he distinguished himself by his boldness, fidelity, and faith in God; and while yet a youth was summoned to court, as one expert in music, valiant, prudent in behavior, and comely in person. He…
חֶבְרוֹן (chevron) refers to Hebron, a city in southern Judah known for its association with Abraham. The term also identifies individuals, including a grandson of Levi and a descendant of Caleb. The word is built from the root meaning 'association' and encompasses both a geographical location and familial connections.
חֶבְרוֹן n.pr.loc. Hebron (association, league)
base
חֶבְרוֹן n.pr.m.
grandson of Levi
name in Caleb's family
base
H2275a חֶבְרוֹן Hebron H2275b חֶבְרוֹן . grandson of Levi
. name in Caleb's family
2275 Chebrown kheb-rone'
from 2267; seat of association; Chebron, a place in
Palestine, also the name of two Israelites:--Hebron.
see HEBREW for 02267
חֶבְרוֹן (chev.ron) — Hebron.
Hebron = "association"
a city in south Judah approx 20 south of Jerusalem and approx 20 miles (30 km) north of Beersheba and near where Abraham built an altar
חֶבְרוֹן (chev.ron) — Hebron.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Exo.6.18;
son of: Kohath (H6955);
brother of: Amram (H6019), Izhar (H3324) and Uzziel (H5816);
father of: Jeriah (H3404), Amariah (H0568I), Jahaziel (H3166I) and Jekameam (H3360)
Also named: chev.ro.ni (חֶבְרוֹנִי "Hebronite" H2276)
§ Hebron = "association"
1) the 3rd son of Kohath and grandson of Levi
2) a descendant of Caleb
חֶבְרוֹן (chev.ron) — Hebron (Valley).
Hebron = "association"
Combined with e.meq (עֵ֫מֶק " Valley" H6010K)
חֶבְרוֹן (chev.ron) — Hebron.
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
Hebron
A community; alliance. (1.) A city in the south end of the valley of Eshcol, about midway between Jerusalem and Beersheba, from which it is distant about 20 miles in a straight line. It was built “seven years before Zoan in Egypt” (Gen. 13:18; Num. 13:22). It still exists under the same name, and is one of the most ancient cities in the world. Its earlier name was Kirjath-arba (Gen. 23:2; Josh. 14:15; 15:3). But “Hebron would appear to have been the original name of the city, and it was not till after Abraham’s stay there that it received the name Kirjath-arba, who [i.e., Arba] was not the founder but the conqueror of the city, having led thither the tribe of the…
(alliance). The third son of Kohath, who was the second son of Levi. (Exodus 6:18; Numbers 3:19; 1 Chronicles 6:2,18; 23:12) He was the founder of a family of Hebronites, (Numbers 3:27; 26:58; 1 Chronicles 26:23,30,31), or Bene-Hebron. (1 Chronicles 15:9; 23:19) A city of Judah, (Joshua 15:54) situated among the mountains, (Joshua 20:7) 20 Roman miles south of Jerusalem, and the same distance north of Beersheba. Hebron is one of the most ancient cities in the…
One of the most ancient cities of Canaan, being built seven years before Tanis, the capital of Lower Egypt, Nu 13:22. It was anciently called Kirjath-arba, (see ARBA,) and Mamre, and was a favorite residence of the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Here too they were buried, Ge 14:13-24 23:2-19 35:27. Under Joshua and Caleb the Israelites conquered it from the Canaanites and Anakim, and it was afterwards made a Levitical city of refuge, Jos 14:13-15 15:13 21:11,13 Jud 1:10,20. It was David’s seat of government during the seven years when he reigned over Judah only, 2Sa 2:3 5:5. Here Absalom raised the standard of…
society; friendship