Amos 5:24 — Word Study
WLCוְיִגַּ֥ל כַּמַּ֖יִם מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה כְּנַ֥חַל אֵיתָֽן׃
BSABut let justicemishpâṭ [judgment, righteous judgment] roll ongâlal▸ [flow down, run down] like a rivermayim [waters, a mighty stream] and righteousnesstsᵉdâqâh [virtue, moral integrity] like an ever-flowingʼêythân [perennial, mighty] streamnachal [brook, valley]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְיִגַּ֥ל | and it may roll on | Conjunction, verb niphal third person masculine singular |
| כַּמַּ֖יִם | like water | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| מִשְׁפָּ֑ט | justice | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וּצְדָקָ֖ה | and righteousness | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| כְּנַ֥חַל | like a wadi | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| אֵיתָֽן׃ | ever-flowing | Adj |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | But let justice roll on like a river, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream. |
| KJV | But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream. |
| ASV | But let justice roll down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream. |
| YLT | And roll on as waters doth judgment, And righteousness as a perennial stream. |
| WEB | But let justice roll on like rivers, and righteousness like a mighty stream. |
| BBE | But let the right go rolling on like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream. |
Where they part company is אֵיתָן — see How Translations Differ.
Two main clauses with similes illustrating the nature of justice and righteousness, emphasizing their continuous and abundant flow.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectמִשְׁפָּט
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Amos 5:24
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Call for Justicegenerated
Amos 5:24 emphasizes the importance of justice and righteousness, contrasting them with the empty rituals of the people. God desires a society where justice flows freely, like a river, and righteousness is ever-present, highlighting the need for genuine moral integrity among His people. This call for justice resonates with other biblical themes found in Proverbs 21:3 and Micah 6:8.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amos 5:7–14 | There are those who turn justice into wormwood and cast righteousness to the ground. |
| 2 | Job 29:12–17 | because I rescued the poor who cried out and the fatherless who had no helper. |
| 3 | Proverbs 21:3 | To do righteousness and justice is more desirable to the LORD than sacrifice. |
| 4 | Hosea 6:6 | For I desire mercy, not sacrifice, and the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings. |
| 5 | Micah 6:8 | He has shown you, O man, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God? |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מִשְׁפָּט, mish.Patgenerated
The Hebrew word מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) means justice or judgment, often reflecting God's righteous standards. It encompasses legal rights and moral decisions, emphasizing fairness and equity in human interactions.
In this verse, מִשְׁפָּט serves as the subject of God's desire, indicating that true justice should be a flowing force in society, akin to a river, rather than a stagnant concept.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has justice, which is also used in the KJV and ASV, maintaining the core meaning of מִשְׁפָּט.
Where others part company with the BSB they part company over אֵיתָן — mighty (ASV, KJV) versus perennial (YLT, LSV). The former emphasizes strength, while the latter suggests continuity.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse is structured around two main clauses, with the finite verb יִגַּ֥ל (it may roll on) governing the subjects of justice and righteousness. The prepositional phrases further describe the manner in which these qualities should manifest.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on justice and righteousness, suggesting that these concepts should be as prominent and flowing as water in a river.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יִגַּ֥ל as κυλισθήσεται, meaning 'to roll' or 'to flow', which aligns with the idea of justice flowing freely. This choice reflects a similar understanding of the text's intent.
The LXX uses δικαιοσύνη for צְדָקָה, emphasizing righteousness in a way that resonates with Greek-speaking audiences, while maintaining the original Hebrew's moral weight.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Amos 5:24 calls for justice to flow like a river and righteousness like a strong stream. God desires true justice and moral integrity from His people, rather than empty rituals.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies that justice should be abundant and continuously flowing, impacting all aspects of life and society.
God desires His people to embody justice and righteousness, reflecting His character in their actions and decisions.
Water symbolizes life and sustenance; thus, justice and righteousness should be vital and nourishing elements in society.
References such as Proverbs 21:3 and Micah 6:8 also highlight the importance of justice and ethical living.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I promote justice in my community?
- How can I ensure that my actions reflect righteousness?
- What does it mean for justice to flow like a river in practical terms?
- How can I hold myself accountable to God's standards of justice and righteousness?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers commented on this verse, emphasizing the flowing nature of justice and its implications for moral living.
And judgment will be revealed like water, and justice like a strong torrent. LXX: And it will roll like water, and justice like an impassable torrent.Early Church Fathers on Amos 5 →
And judgment shall roll down as water, and righteousness as an impassable torrent. The righteous verdict against them will be like an impassable torrent, that is, dragging away what falls into it and sparing nothing.Early Church Fathers on Amos 5 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Amos 5:24 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBut let judgments run down as waters,.... Or "roll" (o); in abundance, with great rapidity, bearing down all before them, which nothing can resist; signifying the plenty of justice done in the land,
Read John Gill on Amos 5 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBut let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream. But let judgment - justice. Run down - literally, roll, i:e., flow abundantly (Isaiah 48:18).
Read Robert Jamieson on Amos 5 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBut, Heb. And judgment: some interpret this of penal judgment, by God threatened against these hypocrites; but it is better understood of justice to be administered by rulers, whose office it was to determine between party and party. Run down as waters; freely, constantly, speedily, and for common benefit of all, as waters run. Righteousness; equity, relieving justice, the want of which hath been notorious among you. As a mighty stream, which bears down all that opposeth it: be hindered by none from doing every one right; do this, and you may yet be accepted.
Read Matthew Poole on Amos 5 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsAmos 5:24 But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream.Ver. 24. But let judgment run down] Heb. roll down freely, plentifully, and plainly, ut devolutus monte praecipiti torrens, as the great billows of the sea, or as waves rolling over rocks, so let judgment and equity be constantly and vigorously administered and executed. And righteousness as a mighty stream] That comes with a force, and bears down all before it. Fiat iustitia, runt orbis, Let justice be done whatever come of it. The sun might as soon be turned out of his course as Fabricius out of the track of truth and justice, saith the historian. How much better might this have been said of Job, Moses…
Read John Trapp on Amos 5 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(24) Mighty stream.—Or rather perennial stream.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Amos 5 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 24. Let judgment run down] Let the execution of justice be everywhere like the showers that fall upon the land to render it fertile; and let righteousness in heart and life be like a mighty river, or the Jordan, that shall wind its course through the whole nation, and carry every abomination into the Dead Sea. Let justice and righteousness prevail everywhere, and sweep their contraries out of the land.
Read AdamClarke on Amos 5 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges24. Justice, between man and man, is what Jehovah demands: no ceremonial, however punctiliously observed, is a substitute in Jehovah’s eyes for moral duties. The argument is exactly that of Isaiah 1, where Jehovah rejects similarly the entire body of ritual observances, celebrated at the Temple of Jerusalem, on account of the moral shortcomings of the worshippers; and where the exhortation is similarly to observe the elementary duties of civic morality—“Put away the evil of your doings from before my eyes: seek judgement, set right the oppressor, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow” (Isaiah 1:10-17). run down] roll on; R.V. roll down: let justice, which has hitherto been too often…
Read Cambridge on Amos 5 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleBut - (And) let judgment run down (Literally, “roll” English margin) “like water.” The duties of either table include both; since there is no true love for man without the love of God, nor any real
Read Albert Barnes on Amos 5 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
But let justice roll on like a river, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.
But let justice roll on like rivers, and righteousness like a mighty stream.
But let justice roll on like a river, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.
Justice must flow like torrents of water, righteous actions like a stream that never dries up.
Tyndale line
But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream.
But let justice roll down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream.
But let judgment roll down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream.
But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream.
And let iudgement runne downe as waters, and righteousnesse as a mightie riuer.
Strictly literal
but let judgment roll down as waters, and righteousness as an ever-flowing stream.
And roll on as waters doth judgment, And righteousness as a perennial stream.
And judgment rolls on as waters, || And righteousness as a perennial stream.
But let justice roll along like water, and righteousness like a mighty stream.
Instead, let justice flow like water, and righteousness like a constantly flowing stream.
From the Latin
But judgment shall be revealed as water, and justice as a mighty torrent.
Simplified
Rather let justice flow like a river, and doing right like an ever-flowing stream.
But let the right go rolling on like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their wording for this verse, with all six words matched. This consistency suggests a strong preservation of the original message across these texts.
וְיִגַּ֥ל כַּמַּ֖יִם מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה כְּנַ֥חַל אֵיתָֽן׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Amos 5:24
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
גָּלַל (galal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to roll, with various nuances including rolling away, rolling down, and rolling together. It appears in different forms, such as Qal (to roll), Niph (to roll up), and Hiphil (to roll away). The word conveys both literal and figurative actions, and its Aramaic equivalent is גְּלָל (H1560).
[גָּלַל] vb. roll, roll away
Qal roll a stone
Niph. roll, roll up or along
Pilp. and I will roll thee down from the rocks
Pō‛al garment rolled (dabbed, rolled over and over) in blood.
Hithpo. roll oneself over and over
Hithpalp. cf. Hithpo.
Hiph. roll away stone from upon mouth of well
base
H1556 [גָּלַל] roll, roll away
1556 galal gaw-lal'
a primitive root; to roll (literally or
figuratively):--commit, remove, roll (away, down, together),
run down, seek occasion, trust, wallow.
גָּלַל (ga.lal) — to roll.
1) to roll, roll away, roll down, roll together
1a) (Qal) to roll
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to roll up
1b2) to flow down
1c) (Pilpel) to roll
1d) (Poal) to be rolled
1e) (Hithpoel) to roll oneself
1f) (Hithpalpel) to roll oneself
1g) (Hiphil) to roll away
Aramaic equivalent: ge.lal (גְּלָל "great" H1560)
Conj | V-Niphal-Imperf-3ms — Conjunction · verb niphal third person masculine singularHC/VNu3ms
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.
[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
base
H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
4325 mayim mah'-yim
dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+
piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).
מַי (ma.yim) — water.
1) water, waters
1a) water
1b) water of the feet, urine
1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)
מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).
This name means water, refreshment
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
wo'-ter (mayim; hudor):
(1) The Greek philosophers believed water to be the original substance and that all things were made from it. The Koran states, "From water we have made all things." In the story of the creation (Ge 1:2) water plays an elemental part.
(2) Because of the scarcity of water in Palestine it is especially appreciated by the people there. They love to go and sit by a stream of running water. Men long for a taste of the water of their native village (1Ch 11:17). A town or village is known throughout the country for the quality of its water, which is described by many adjectives, such as "light," "heavy," etc.
(3) The rainfall is the only source of supply of water for Palestine. The moisture is carried up from the sea in clouds and falls on the hills as rain or snow.…
See CISTERN and WELLS.
In Isa 35:7, the Hebrew word for "parched ground" that shall become a pool of water, is the same with the Arabic term for the mirage, a peculiar optical illusion by which travelers in hot and dry deserts think they see broad lakes and flowing waters; they seem to discern the very ripple of the waves, and the swaying of tail trees on the margin in the cool breeze; green hills and houses and city ramparts rise before the astonished sight, recede as the traveler advances, and at length melt away in the hot haze. Not so the blessings of the gospel; they are no alluring mockery, but real waters of everlasting life, Isa 55:1 Joh 4:14 Re 22:1. Compare
→ Creation of Ps 148:4,5
→ Covered the whole earth Ge 1:9
→ Daily allowance of Eze 4:11
→ City waterworks 2Ki 20:20
→ Vision of, by Ezekiel Eze 47:1-5
→ Of separation Nu 19:2-22
The Hebrew word מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) primarily means judgment or justice and encompasses various aspects such as legal rights, ordinances, and decisions. It is derived from a root meaning to pronounce a verdict, covering both human and divine law. The entries highlight its application in legal contexts, including the act of deciding cases and the attributes of justice and rectitude.
מִשְׁפָּט 422 n.m. judgment
judgment
justice, right, rectitude
ordinance
decision
one's (legal) right, privilege, due
proper, fitting, measure
custom, manner
what manner of
plan
base
H4941 מִשְׁפָּט judgment . judgment
. justice, right, rectitude
. ordinance
. decision
. one's (legal) right, privilege, due
. . proper, fitting, measure
. custom, manner
. what manner of
. plan
4941 mishpat mish-pawt'
from 8199; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable)
pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree
(human or (participant's) divine law, individual or
collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the
crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a
participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or
even a style:--+ adversary, ceremony, charge, X crime,
custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due,
fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly),
(manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order,
ordinance, right, sentence, usest, X worthy, + wrong.
see HEBREW for 08199
מִשְׁפָּט (mish.pat) — justice: judgement.
: judgement/punishment
1) judgment, justice, ordinance
1a) judgment
1a1) act of deciding a case
1a2) place, court, seat of judgment
1a3) process, procedure, litigation (before judges)
1a4) case, cause (presented for judgment)
1a5) sentence, decision (of judgment)
1a6) execution (of judgment)
1a7) time (of judgment)
1b) justice, right, rectitude (attributes of God or man)
1c) ordinance
1d) decision (in law)
1e) right, privilege, due (legal)
1f) proper, fitting, measure, fitness, custom, manner, plan
מִשְׁפָּט (mish.pat) — justice.
: justice/right/righteousness
1) judgment, justice, ordinance
1a) judgment
1a1) act of deciding a case
1a2) place, court, seat of judgment
1a3) process, procedure, litigation (before judges)
1a4) case, cause (presented for judgment)
1a5) sentence, decision (of judgment)
1a6) execution (of judgment)
1a7) time (of judgment)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
jus'-tis (tsedhaqah; tsedheq; dikaiosune): The original Hebrew and Greek words are the same as those rendered "righteousness." This is the common rendering, and in about half the cases where we have "just" and "justice" in the King James Version, the American Standard Revised Version has changed to "righteous" and "righteousness." It must be constantly borne in mind that the two ideas are essentially the same.
See RIGHTEOUSNESS.
1. Human Justice:
Justice had primarily to do with conduct in relation to others, especially with regard to the rights of others. It is applied to business, where just weights and measures are demanded (Le 19:35,36; De 25:13-16; Am 8:5; Pr 11:1; 16:11…
Justice
Is rendering to every one that which is his due. It has been distinguished from equity in this respect, that while justice means merely the doing what positive law demands, equity means the doing of what is fair and right in every separate case.
A principle of righteousness and equity, controlling our conduct, and securing a due regard to all the rights of others-their persons, property, character, and interests. It has to do, not with pecuniary transactions alone, but with all our intercourse with society. It forms a chief element of the character approved in God’s word; and a truly just man has but to "love mercy, and walk humbly with God," to fulfil all righteousness. Justice in magistrates, rulers, and judges, must be fearless and impartial, and all its decisions such as will bear revision before the court of heaven, De 1:16,17 2Sa 23:3 2Ch 19:6-10. Judgement is peculiarly the prerogative of God, and every earthly tribunal lies under the shadow of the "great white…
→ General scriptures concerning Ex 23:1-3,6-8; Le 19:13-15; De 16:18-20; 25:1-4; Ezr 7:26; Ps 72:1,2; 82:2-4; Pr 17:15,26; 18:5,17; 20:8; 22:27; 24:23; 28:21; 29:26; Ec 3:16,17; 5:8; 7:7; Isa 1:17; 56:1; 59:14,15; Jer 22:1-4; La 3:35,36; Am 5:7,11,12;
צְדָקָה (tsdaqah) means 'righteousness' and encompasses various aspects such as justice, truthfulness, and ethical rightness. It can refer to God's attribute of sovereignty, righteousness in governance, and even justification or salvation. The term also implies righteous acts and has an Aramaic equivalent, צִדְקָה (tsid.qah).
צְדָקָה 157 n.f. righteousness
righteousness, in government
God's attribute as sovereign
righteousness, in a case or cause
righteousness = truthfulness
righteousness, as ethically right
righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.
pl. righteous acts
base
H6666 צְדָקָה righteousness . righteousness, in government
. God's attribute as sovereign
. righteousness, in a case or cause
. righteousness = truthfulness
. righteousness, as ethically right
. righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.
. pl. righteous acts
6666 tsdaqah tsed-aw-kaw'
from 6663; rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude),
objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively
(prosperity):--justice, moderately, right(-eous)
(act, -ly, -ness).
see HEBREW for 06663
צְדָקָה (tse.da.qah) — righteousness.
1) justice, righteousness
1a) righteousness (in government)
1a1) of judge, ruler, king
1a2) of law
1a3) of Davidic king Messiah
1b) righteousness (of God's attribute)
1c) righteousness (in a case or cause)
1d) righteousness, truthfulness
1e) righteousness (as ethically right)
1f) righteousness (as vindicated), justification, salvation
1f1) of God
1f2) prosperity (of people)
1g) righteous acts
Aramaic equivalent: tsid.qah (צִדְקָה "righteousness" H6665)
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Ncfsa
ri'-chus-nes (tsaddiq, adjective, "righteous," or occasionally "just" tsedheq, noun, occasionally = "riahteousness," occasionally = "justice"; dikaios, adjective, dikaiosune, noun, from dike, whose first meaning seems to have been "custom"; the general use suggested conformity to a standard: righteousness, "the state of him who is such as he ought to be" (Thayer)):
1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent
2. Social Customs and Righteousness
3. Changing Conception of Character of God: Obligations of Power
4. Righteousness as Inner
5. Righteousness as Social
6. Righteousness as Expanding in Content with Growth in Ideals of Human Worth
LITERATURE
1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent:
In Christian thought the idea of righteousness contains both a permanent and a changing element. The fixed element is the will to do right; the changing factor is the conception of…
Righteousness
See JUSTIFICATION.
Rectitude, justice, holiness; an essential perfection of God’s character, Job 36:3; Isa 51:5-8; Joh 17:25; and of his administration, Ge 18:25; Ro 3:21,22; 10:3. It is the wonder of grace that as the righteous guardian of the law, he can acquit the unrighteous. "The righteousness of Christ" includes his spotless holiness, his perfect obedience the law demands; and "the righteousness of faith" is that imputed to the sinner who believes in Christ. With reference to personal character, righteousness is used both for uprightness between man and man, and for true religion,
נַ֫חַל (*nachal*) primarily refers to a torrent or stream, often associated with a valley or wadi where water flows, particularly in winter. It can also denote a shaft of a mine. Additionally, the term may relate to palm trees in certain contexts. The word appears in various forms in the Old Testament, including references in Psalms and Ezekiel.
נַ֫חַל n.m. torrent, torrent-valley, wady
base
[נַ֫חַל] n.[m.] perh. palm-tree;—only pl. abs., Nu 24:6
ref
H5158a נַ֫חַל torrent, torrent-valley, wady H5158b נַ֫חַל perh. palm-tree
5158 nachal nakh'-al
or (feminine) nachlah (Psalm 124:4) {nakh'-law}; or nachalah
(Ezekiel 47:19; 48:28) {nakh-al-aw'}; from 5157 in its
original sense; a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by
implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a
shaft (of a mine):--brook, flood, river, stream, valley.
see HEBREW for 05157
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — torrent: river.
: river/bed
1) torrent, valley, wadi, torrent-valley
1a) torrent
1b) torrent-valley, wadi (as stream bed)
1c) shaft (of mine)
Also means: na.chal (נַ֫חַל ": valley" H5158N)
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — palm-tree.
palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — (Eshcol) Valley.
Combined with esh.kol (אֶשְׁכֹּל " of Eshcol" H0812H)
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — (Shittim) Valley.
Combined with shit.tim (שִׁטִּים " of Shittim" H7851H)
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — (Sorek) Valley.
Combined with s.vo.req (שֹׂרֵק " of Sorek" H7796)
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
palm-tree
Another name of shi.chor (שִׁיחוֹר "Shihor" H7883G)
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
palm-tree
Another name of shi.chor (שִׁיחוֹר "Shihor" H7883G)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
אֵיתָן (eythan) refers to qualities of strength and permanence. It can describe something that is perpetual or ever-flowing, like a stream, and is used figuratively to denote enduring stability. The term can also refer to a chieftain, emphasizing might and strength.
אֵיתָן, אֵתָן adj. perennial, ever-flowing, fig. permanent, as subst, steady flow, permanence
base
H386 אֵיתָן, אֵתָן perennial, ever-flowing, fig. permanent, as subst, steady flow, permanence
386 'eythan ay-thawn'
or (shortened) ethan {ay-thawn'}; from an unused root
(meaning to continue); permanence; hence (concrete) permanent;
specifically a chieftain:--hard, mighty, rough, strength,
strong.
אֵיתָן (e.tan) — strong.
1) perpetual, constant, perennial, ever-flowing
1a) ever-flowing (of a stream)
1b) permanence, permanent, enduring (fig.)
Adj — AdjHAamsa