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Ezekiel 40:26 — Word Study

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WLCוּמַעֲל֤וֹת שִׁבְעָה֙ עֹֽלוֹתָ֔יו וְאֵֽלַמָּ֖יו לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְתִמֹרִ֣ים ל֗וֹ אֶחָ֥ד מִפּ֛וֹ וְאֶחָ֥ד מִפּ֖וֹ אֶל־ אֵילָֽיו׃

BSASevenshebaʻ stepsmaʻălâh [ascent, journey upward] led up to itʻôlâh and its porticoʼêylâm [porch, vestibule] was opposite thempânîym it had palm treestimmôr [decorative columns] onʼêl its side pillarsʼayil oneʼechâd [unique, single] on each sidepôh [this place, that location]

Word
Listen & take awayEzekiel 40
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 26 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('ei.lov) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ezekiel 40:26quick helps
In a sentenceEzekiel describes the architectural features of a temple entrance, highlighting the seven steps leading up to it.
What is emphasizedThe presence of palm trees on the side pillars adds a decorative element to the structure.
Where we areThis verse is part of a detailed vision of the temple's layout and design.
The hard wordמַעֲלָה
Take awayThe design features both functional and aesthetic elements, symbolizing elevation and beauty.
4 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Cambridge & more — read them › clause subjectתִּמֹרָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ezekiel 40:26

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Vision of the Templegenerated

25Both the gateway and its portico had windows all around, like the other windows. It was fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide.
26Seven steps led up to it, and its portico was opposite them; it had palm trees on its side pillars, one on each side.
27The inner court also had a gate facing south, and he measured the distance from gateway to gateway toward the south to be a hundred cubits.
28Next he brought me into the inner court through the south gate, and he measured the south gate; it had the same measurements as the others.

Ezekiel 40:26 describes the entrance to a temple with seven steps leading up to it, indicating a journey or ascent. The portico opposite the steps is adorned with palm trees, enhancing the beauty of the structure. This vision emphasizes the importance of the temple as a sacred space, reflecting God's presence among His people.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Ezekiel 40:6–22Then he came to the gate facing east and climbed its steps. He measured the threshold of the gate to be one rod deep.
22 Peter 3:18But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him be the glory both now and to the day of eternity. Amen.
3Ezekiel 40:16–22The gate chambers and their side pillars had beveled windows all around the inside of the gateway. The porticos also had windows all around on the inside. Each side pillar was decorated with palm trees.
4Psalm 92:12–13The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, and grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
5Song of Solomon 7:7–8

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word מַעֲלָה, u.ma.'a.Lotgenerated

The word מַעֲלָה (ma'alah) denotes a step or stair, symbolizing elevation or ascent. It can represent both a physical journey upward and a figurative rise in status or thought, as seen in the 'songs of ascent' in the Psalms. The parsing as a feminine plural noun indicates multiple steps, which aligns with the architectural context of the verse.

In this verse, the seven steps signify a significant ascent, both literally to the temple and spiritually in approaching God. The use of this term connects the physical structure to the spiritual journey of the worshippers.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

All translations agree on the rendering of שִׁבְעָה as seven, emphasizing the number's significance in the biblical context.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause is centered around the finite verb עֹֽלוֹתָ֔יו, its stairways, which governs the description of the steps leading up to the temple. The structure includes several phrases that provide additional details about the portico and the decorative elements.

The Hebrew word order emphasizes the steps first, establishing the importance of the ascent in approaching the temple, followed by the description of the portico and its adornments.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates מַעֲלָה as κλιμακτῆρες, indicating a focus on the steps as a staircase, which aligns with the physical ascent described in the Hebrew text. This choice highlights the importance of the journey to the sacred space.

The translation of שִׁבְעָה as ἑπτὰ maintains the significance of the number seven, consistent with its representation of completeness and sacredness.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ezekiel 40:26 describes the entrance to a temple with seven steps leading up to it. The portico, or porch, is opposite these steps and features palm trees on its side pillars, symbolizing beauty and significance in the design.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What do the seven steps represent?

The seven steps symbolize a journey upward, indicating a significant ascent in approaching the temple, which is a sacred space.

Why are palm trees mentioned?

Palm trees are decorative elements that enhance the beauty of the temple's architecture, symbolizing peace and victory.

What is the significance of the portico?

The portico serves as an entrance to the temple, representing a threshold between the outside world and the sacred space within.

How does this verse fit into the overall vision of the temple?

This verse is part of Ezekiel's detailed description of the temple's layout, emphasizing its grandeur and the importance of approaching God in worship.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What significance do the seven steps hold in your own spiritual journey?
  2. How can the imagery of palm trees inspire your understanding of beauty in worship?
  3. In what ways do you see architectural elements in your life that symbolize spiritual truths?
  4. How does the concept of ascent relate to your relationship with God?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Gregory the Dialogist comments on the significance of the seven steps and the palm trees, interpreting their meaning in relation to the temple's design.

Gregory the DialogistHomilies on Ezekiel, Book 2, Homily 7 c. 540–604
"And there were seven steps to go up to it, and the arches thereof were before them: and it had palm trees, one on this side, and another on that side, upon the posts thereof." What is the meaning of this,
Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 40 →

Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 40:26 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And there were seven steps to go up to it,.... To the south gate, as there were to the east and north gates, Ezekiel 40:6: and the arches thereof were before them; [See comments on Ezekiel 40:22]:

Read John Gill on Ezekiel 40 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And the gate of the outward court that looked toward the north, he measured the length thereof, and the breadth thereof. The different approaches corresponded in plan.

Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 40 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Seven steps: see . To go up to it; the floor or square court. Before them: see . One on this side, and another on that side; on the right and on the left-hand posts, each post had one palm tree.

Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 40 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

26. arches … before them] the porch thereof was to the inside, cf. Ezekiel 40:22. The palm trees belong exclusively to the “posts,” i.e. the jambs of the egress from the porch into the court.

Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 40 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Seven steps led up to it, and its portico was opposite them; it had palm trees on its side pillars, one on each side.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

There were seven steps to go up to it, and its arches were before them. It had palm trees, one on this side, and another on that side, on its posts.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Seven steps led up to it, and its portico was opposite them; it had palm trees on its side pillars, one on each side.

NETBNew English Translation2006

There were seven steps going up to it; its porches were in front of them. It had decorative palm trees on its jambs, one on either side.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And there were seven steps to go up to it, and the arches thereof were before them: and it had palm trees, one on this side, and another on that side, upon the posts thereof.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And there were seven steps to go up to it, and the arches thereof were before them; and it had palm-trees, one on this side, and another on that side, upon the posts thereof.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And there were seven steps to go up to it, and the arches thereof were before them: and it had palm trees, one on this side, and another on that side, upon the posts thereof.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And there were seven steps to go up to it, and its arches were before them: and it had palm-trees, one on this side, and another on that side, upon its posts.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And there were seuen steps to go vp to it, and the arches thereof were before them: and it had palme trees, one on this side, and another on that side vpon the post thereof.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And there were seven steps to go up to it; and its projections were before them; and it had palm-trees, one on this side and one on that side, upon its posts.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and seven steps [are] its ascent, and its arches [are] before them, and palm-trees [are] to it, one on this side, and one on that side, at its posts;

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and seven steps [are] its ascent, and its arches [are] before them, and palm-trees [are] in it, one on this side and one on that side, on its posts;

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And by seven steps was the ascent to it, and to its porches which were before them; and it had palm-shaped capitals, one on this side, and another on that side, upon its door-posts.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

There were seven steps up to the gate and its portico, and there were carvings of palm trees on the walls on either side.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And there were seven steps to go up to it: and a porch before the doors thereof: and there were graven palm trees, one on this side, and another on that side in the front thereof.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

It had seven steps leading up to it, and its porch faced them. It had one post on each side with palm tree designs on them.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And there were seven steps up to it, and its covered way went inside: and it had palm-trees, one on this side and one on that, on its uprights.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וּand.[were]clausenoun phrase · predicateמַעֲל֤וֹתstepsשִׁבְעָה֙sevennoun phrase · subjectעֹֽלוֹתָ֔יstairwaysוitsוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectאֵֽלַמָּ֖יporchesוitsprepositional phrase · predicateלִ[were]noun phraseפְנֵיbeforeהֶ֑םthemוְandclauseclausesubjectתִמֹרִ֣יםpalm.treesprepositional phrase · predicateל֗toוֹitclauseclausesubjectאֶחָ֥דoneprepositional phrase · predicateמִfromפּ֛וֹhereוְandclausesubjectאֶחָ֥דoneprepositional phrase · predicateמִfromפּ֖וֹhereprepositional phrase · prepositionalאֶל[were].tonoun phraseאֵילָֽיpillarsוits

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree, with 11 of the 13 words matched. The Septuagint's word order differs, but it conveys the same architectural elements described in the Hebrew text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וּמַעֲל֤וֹת שִׁבְעָה֙ עֹֽלוֹתָ֔יו וְאֵֽלַמָּ֖יו לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְתִמֹרִ֣ים ל֗וֹ אֶחָ֥ד מִפּ֛וֹ וְאֶחָ֥ד מִפּ֖וֹ אֶל־ אֵילָֽיו׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וּמַעֲל֤וֹתἑπτὰשִׁבְעָה֙κλιμακτῆρεςוְאֵֽלַמָּ֖יוαιλαμμωוְתִמֹרִ֣יםφοίνικεςל֗וֹαὐτῇאֶחָ֥דεἷςמִפּ֛וֹἔνθενוְאֶחָ֥דεἷςמִפּ֖וֹἔνθενאֶל־ἐπὶאֵילָֽיו׃αιλευ

11 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ezekiel 40:26מַעֲלָהand [was] sand [was] stepsמַעֲלָהשֶׁ֫בַעsevensevenשֶׁ֫בַעעֹלָהstairways istairways itsעֹלָהאֵילָםand porchesand porches itsאֵילָםפָּנֶה[were] befo[were] before tפָּנֶהתִּמֹרָהand palm trand palm treesתִּמֹרָהוֹ[belonged] [belonged] to iוֹאֶחָדoneoneאֶחָדפֹּהfrom herefrom hereפֹּהאֶחָדand oneand oneאֶחָדפֹּהfrom herefrom hereפֹּהאֶלtotoאֶלאַ֫יִלpillars itspillars itsאַ֫יִלאַ֫יִלramramאַ֫יִלחָדַדto go eithto go either waחָדַדשָׁבַעto swearto swearשָׁבַעפָּנָהCorner (GaCorner (Gate)פָּנָההוּאhe/she/ithe/she/itהוּאמַעֲלֶהascentascentמַעֲלֶהעָלָהto ascend:to ascend: riseעָלָהעָ֫וֶלinjusticeinjusticeעָ֫וֶלתָּמָרpalmpalmתָּמָראוּלstrengthstrengthאוּלכֶּ֫בֶשׂlamblambכֶּ֫בֶשׂתִּמֹרָהpalmpalmתִּמֹרָהשִׁירsongsongשִׁירפַּ֫עַםbeatbeatפַּ֫עַםשֶׁ֫לֶםpeace offepeace offeringשֶׁ֫לֶםתָּמִידcontinuallcontinuallyתָּמִידחַלּוֹןwindowwindowחַלּוֹןתָּאchamberchamberתָּא
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 40:26

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
וּמַעֲל֤וֹתu.ma.'a.Lot and [was] steps H4609 Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absolute
47× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Represents a step or journey upward, like the steps of a stair or a song of ascent, as in Psalm 120-134, which are songs the Israelites sang while traveling to Jerusalem for festivals. It symbolizes spiritual ascent.
Amplified meaning
ascent, journey upward
Tyndale gloss
thought
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַעֲלָה (ma`alah) refers to a step or stair, as well as the concept of elevation or ascent. It can denote both a physical journey to a higher place and a figurative rise in thought or status. The term is notably used in the context of 'songs of ascent' in certain Psalms, indicating a spiritual or literal elevation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מַעֲלָה] n.f. what comes up;—pl. cstr. Ez 11:5

ref

מַעֲלָה 46 n.f. step, stair

step, stair

steps (forming sun-dial)

stories of heaven

ascent

song of ascents

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4609a מַעֲלָה what comes up H4609b מַעֲלָה step, stair

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4609 ma`alah mah-al-aw'

feminine of 4608; elevation, i.e. the act (literally, a

journey to a higher place, figuratively, a thought arising),

or (concretely) the condition (literally, a step or

grade-mark, figuratively, a superiority of station);

specifically a climactic progression (in certain

Psalms):--things that come up, (high) degree, deal, go up,

stair, step, story.

see HEBREW for 04608

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַעֲלָה (ma.a.lah) — thought.

what comes up, thoughts

מַעֲלָה (ma.a.lah) — step.

1) step, stair

1a) step, stair

1b) steps (of sundial)

1c) stories (of heaven)

1d) ascent

1e) song of ascent

1e1) to the three great pilgrim feasts (Psalm titles)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absolute
HC/Ncfpa
and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
שִׁבְעָה֙shiv.'Ah seven H7651 Adj
395× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means the number seven, which was considered a special or sacred number. It can also mean seven times or a week, and is used in the Bible to describe completeness or perfection. The KJV translates it as seven or sevenfold.
Tyndale gloss
seven
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֶׁ֫בַע (sheba`) means 'seven' and is a cardinal number. It can also imply 'seven times' or refer to a week. The term appears in various contexts, including combinations like 17 or 700. Its Aramaic equivalent is שִׁבְעָה (shiv.ah), also meaning 'seven'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֶׁ֫בַע, שִׁבְעָה 394 n.m. et f. seven

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7651 שֶׁ֫בַע, שִׁבְעָה seven

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7651 sheba` sheh'-bah

or (masculine) shibrah {shib-aw'}; from 7650; a primitive

cardinal number; seven (as the sacred full one); also

(adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by

extension, an indefinite number:--(+ by) seven(-fold),-s,

(-teen, -teenth), -th, times). Compare 7658.

see HEBREW for 07650

see HEBREW for 07658

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֶׁ֫בַע (she.va) — seven.

1) seven (cardinal number)

1a) as ordinal number

1b) in combination-17, 700 etc

Aramaic equivalent: shiv.ah (שִׁבְעָה "seven" H7655)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAcbsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sev'-'-n (shebha`; hepta).

See NUMBER.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Seven

This number occurs frequently in Scripture, and in such connections as lead to the supposition that it has some typical meaning. On the seventh day God rested, and hallowed it (Gen. 2:2, 3). The division of time into weeks of seven days each accounts for many instances of the occurrence of this number. This number has been called the symbol of perfection, and also the symbol of rest. “Jacob’s seven years’ service to Laban; Pharaoh’s seven fat oxen and seven lean ones; the seven branches of the golden candlestick; the seven trumpets and the seven priests who sounded them; the seven days’ siege of Jericho; the seven churches, seven spirits, seven stars, seven seals, seven vials, and many others, sufficiently prove the importance of this sacred number” (see Lev. 25:4;

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The frequent recurrence of certain numbers in the sacred literature of the Hebrews is obvious to the most superficial reader, but seven so far surpasses the rest, both in the frequency with which it recurs and in the importance of the objects with which it is associated, that it may fairly be termed the representative symbolic number. The influence of the number seven was not restricted to the Hebrews; it prevailed among the Persians, ancient Indians, Greeks and Romans. The peculiarity of the Hebrew view consists in the special dignity of the seventh, and not simply in that of seen. The Sabbath being the seventh day suggested the adoption of seven as the coefficient, so to say, for their appointment of all sacred periods; and we thus find the 7th month ushered in by the Feast of Trumpets, and signalized by the celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles and the Great Day of Atonement; 7…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

As from the beginning this was the number of days in the week, so it often has in Scripture a sort of emphasis attached to it, and is very generally used as a round or perfect number. Clean beasts were taken into the ark by sevens, Ge 7:1-24. The years of plenty and famine in Egypt were marked by sevens, Ge 41:1-57. With the Jews, not only was there a seventh day Sabbath, but every seventh year was a Sabbath, and after every seven times seven years came a jubilee. Their great feasts of unleavened bread and of tabernacles were observed for seven days; the number of animals in many of their sacrifices was limited to seven. The golden candlestick had seven branches. Seven priests with seven trumpets went around the walls of Jericho seven days, and seven times on the seventh day. In…

and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
עֹֽלוֹתָ֔יוo.lo.tov stairways its H5930 Verb qal participle (active) feminine plural common · suffix
287× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a step or stairs, often used to describe the ascent to the altar for a burnt offering. In the Bible, it can also mean a holocaust or sacrifice, like in Leviticus.
Tyndale gloss
burnt offering
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֹלָה (olah) refers to both a whole burnt-offering and an ascent or stairway. It is derived from a feminine active participle of the root meaning to go up. The term is used in contexts related to sacrifices, particularly in the Old Testament, where it signifies offerings that ascend in smoke. The entries consistently highlight its dual meaning without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֹלָה 286 n.f. whole burnt-offering

base

[עֹלָה] n.f. ascent, stairway, Ez 40:26 Kt

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5930a עֹלָה whole burnt-offering H5930b עֹלָה ascent, stairway

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5930 `olah o-law'

or mowlah {o-law'}; feminine active participle of 5927; a

step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a

holocaust (as going up in smoke):--ascent, burnt offering

(sacrifice), go up to. See also 5766.

see HEBREW for 05927

see HEBREW for 05766

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֹלָה (o.lah) — burnt offering.

whole burnt offering

Aramaic equivalent: a.lah (עֲלָת "burnt offering" H5928)

עֹלָה (o.lah) — ascent.

ascent, stairway, steps

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs | Suff — Verb qal participle (active) feminine plural common · suffix
HVqrfpc/Sp3ms
and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
וְאֵֽלַמָּ֖יוve.'e.la.mov and porches its H361 Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
15× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a porch, vestibule, or portico, a covered area supported by pillars or columns. In the Bible, it's used to describe architectural features of buildings, such as temples or palaces, like the portico of Solomon's temple.
Amplified meaning
porch, vestibule
Tyndale gloss
arches
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵילָם (eylam) refers to a structure like a porch or portico, suggesting a space supported by pillars. The term is derived from a root meaning 'pillar-space' and is associated with architectural features. It appears in contexts related to building and design.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[אֵילָם] n.m. porch

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H361 אֵילָם

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

361 'eylam ay-lawm'

or (shortened) ;elam {ay-lawm'}; or (feminine) ielammah

{ay-lam-maw'}; probably from 352; a pillar-space (or

colonnade), i.e. a pale (or portico):--arch.

see HEBREW for 0352

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵילָם (e.lam) — arches.

porch, vestibule, portico

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HC/Ncmpc/Sp3ms
and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
לִפְנֵיהֶ֑םlif.nei.Hem [were] before them H6440 Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
2,127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Tyndale gloss
face
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces

face, faces

presence, person

technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

face of seraphim

face of animals

face (= surface) of ground

as adv.loc. before

for other phrases

with prepositions

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces

. . presence, person

. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

. face of seraphim

. face of animals

. face (= surface) of ground

. as adv. loc. before

. for other phrases

. with prepositions

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6440 paniym paw-neem'

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh

{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);

used in a great variety of applications (literally and

figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a

preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),

against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),

+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,

face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er

time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +

honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +

meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,

open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,

presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right

forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,

X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.

: before/to/front

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.

: face

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cp | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HR/Ncmpc/Sp3mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
וְתִמֹרִ֣יםve.ti.mo.Rim and palm trees H8561 Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absolute
19× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to a palm tree or a decorative column shaped like a palm, often used in architecture. It symbolizes peace and victory, as seen in the tabernacle's design. Exodus describes palm trees in the wilderness.
Amplified meaning
decorative columns
Tyndale gloss
palm
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תִּמֹרָה (timmorah) refers to a palm-like pilaster or ornament, specifically a palm tree figure. It is a feminine noun and appears in plural form as תִּמֹּר (timmor). The term is derived from a root related to palm trees, and its usage is primarily architectural.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תִּמֹרָה 19 n.f. palm(-tree) figure, as ornament

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8561 תִּמֹרָה, תִּמֹּר, תִּמֹּרָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8561 timmor tim-more'

(plural o or (feminine) timmorah (singular and plural)

{tim-mo-raw'}; from the same root as 8558; (arch.) a palm-like

pilaster (i.e. umbellate):--palm tree.

see HEBREW for 08558

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תִּמֹרָה (tim.rah) — palm.

palm tree figure (as ornament)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absolute
HC/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Were frequently used as types of kings, or men of wealth and power, Ps 37:35 Isa 2:13 Da 4:10-26 Zec 11:1,2. The "tree of knowledge of good and evil" bore the forbidden fruit, by eating of which Adam fatally increased his knowledge—of good by its loss, of sin and woe by actual experience, Ge 2:9,17. The "tree of life" may have been both an assurance and a means of imparting life, a seal of eternal holiness and bliss, if man had not sinned. Compare Re 22:2.

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- Originally created by God

Ge 1:11,12; 2:9

- Made for the glory of God

Ps 148:9

- DIFFERENT KINDS OF MENTIONED

. Of the wood

So 2:3

. Of the forest

Isa 10:19

. Bearing fruit

Ne 9:25; Ec 2:5; Eze 47:12

. Evergreen

Ps 37:35; Jer 17:2

. Deciduous or casting the leaves

Isa 6:13

- Of various sizes

Eze 17:24

Thompson Chain Reference topics

(1) Laws Concerning

Le 19:23; 27:30; De 16:21; 20:19

(2) Evil, Sinners Compared to

Ps 37:35; Mt 7:18; Lu 3:9; Jude 12

(3) Saints as

Nu 24:6; Ps 1:3; 52:8; 92:12; Isa 61:3; Jer 17:8; Eze 47:7; Ho 14:6

(4) Varieties Mentioned

Almond

and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
ל֗וֹlo [belonged] to it H9033 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

וֹ (o) — him.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3ms
and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
אֶחָ֥ד'e.Chad one H259 Adj
971× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means one or united, and is used to describe something that is single or unique. It is often translated as one, first, or alone. For example, in Genesis 1:5, God calls the light day and the darkness night, and separates them into one thing from another.
Amplified meaning
unique, single
Tyndale gloss
one
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֶחָד (echad) means 'one' and is derived from a numeral. It encompasses meanings such as each, every, a certain, and can serve as an indefinite article. It is also used as an ordinal to denote 'first' and appears in various combinations, including eleven. The entries consistently emphasize its numerical and qualitative aspects.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶחָד 972 adj.num. one

one

= each, every

= a certain

= indef. art.

only, & (fem.) once

one … another, one … the other

as ordinal first

in combin.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H259 אֶחָד one . one

. = each, every

. = a certain

. = indef. art.

. only, & (fem.) once

. one … another, one … the other

. as ordinal first

. in combin.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

259 'echad ekh-awd'

a numeral from 258; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an

ordinal) first:--a, alike, alone, altogether, and,

any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-)ly, each (one), +

eleven, every, few, first, + highway, a man, once, one, only,

other, some, together,

see HEBREW for 0258

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶחָד (e.chad) — one.

1) one (number)

1a) one (number)

1b) each, every

1c) a certain

1d) an (indefinite article)

1e) only, once, once for all

1f) one...another, the one...the other, one after another, one by one

1g) first

1h) eleven (in combination), eleventh (ordinal)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wun.

See NUMBER.

and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
מִפּ֛וֹmi.Po from here H6311 Preposition · adverb
82× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'here' or 'this place', and is used to indicate a specific location. It can also mean 'from here' or 'hither', showing movement or direction from a certain spot.
Amplified meaning
this place, that location
Tyndale gloss
here
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פֹּה (poh) means 'here' or 'hither' in Hebrew. It is derived from a primitive particle indicating location. The word is used to denote a specific place, as seen in Job 38:11. Various lexicons confirm its meaning, with no significant disagreement among them.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֹּה 58, and פּוֹ, also פֹּא, adv.loc. here, hither

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6311 פֹּה, and פּוֹ, also פֹּא here, hither

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6311 poh po

or po6 (Job 38:11) {po}; or pow {po}; probably from a

primitive inseparable particle "p" (of demonstrative force)

and 1931; this place (French ici), i.e. here or hence:--here,

hither, the one (other, this, that) side.

see HEBREW for 0po6

see HEBREW for 01931

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֹּה (poh) — here.

1) here, from here, hither

1a) here

1b) hither

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Adv — Preposition · adverb
HR/D
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

her, in composition:

and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
וְאֶחָ֥דve.'e.Chad and one H259 Conjunction
971× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means one or united, and is used to describe something that is single or unique. It is often translated as one, first, or alone. For example, in Genesis 1:5, God calls the light day and the darkness night, and separates them into one thing from another.
Tyndale gloss
one
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֶחָד (echad) means 'one' and is derived from a numeral. It encompasses meanings such as each, every, a certain, and can serve as an indefinite article. It is also used as an ordinal to denote 'first' and appears in various combinations, including eleven. The entries consistently emphasize its numerical and qualitative aspects.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶחָד 972 adj.num. one

one

= each, every

= a certain

= indef. art.

only, & (fem.) once

one … another, one … the other

as ordinal first

in combin.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H259 אֶחָד one . one

. = each, every

. = a certain

. = indef. art.

. only, & (fem.) once

. one … another, one … the other

. as ordinal first

. in combin.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

259 'echad ekh-awd'

a numeral from 258; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an

ordinal) first:--a, alike, alone, altogether, and,

any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-)ly, each (one), +

eleven, every, few, first, + highway, a man, once, one, only,

other, some, together,

see HEBREW for 0258

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶחָד (e.chad) — one.

1) one (number)

1a) one (number)

1b) each, every

1c) a certain

1d) an (indefinite article)

1e) only, once, once for all

1f) one...another, the one...the other, one after another, one by one

1g) first

1h) eleven (in combination), eleventh (ordinal)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Acfsa — Conjunction
HC/Acfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wun.

See NUMBER.

and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
מִפּ֖וֹmi.Po from here H6311 Preposition · adverb
82× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'here' or 'this place', and is used to indicate a specific location. It can also mean 'from here' or 'hither', showing movement or direction from a certain spot.
Tyndale gloss
here
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פֹּה (poh) means 'here' or 'hither' in Hebrew. It is derived from a primitive particle indicating location. The word is used to denote a specific place, as seen in Job 38:11. Various lexicons confirm its meaning, with no significant disagreement among them.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֹּה 58, and פּוֹ, also פֹּא, adv.loc. here, hither

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6311 פֹּה, and פּוֹ, also פֹּא here, hither

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6311 poh po

or po6 (Job 38:11) {po}; or pow {po}; probably from a

primitive inseparable particle "p" (of demonstrative force)

and 1931; this place (French ici), i.e. here or hence:--here,

hither, the one (other, this, that) side.

see HEBREW for 0po6

see HEBREW for 01931

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֹּה (poh) — here.

1) here, from here, hither

1a) here

1b) hither

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/D — Preposition · adverb
HR/D
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

her, in composition:

and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
אֶל־'el- to H413 Preposition
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and [was] steps seven stairways its and porches its [were] before them and palm trees [belonged] to it one from here and one from here to pillars its
אֵילָֽיו׃'ei.lov pillars its H352 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
187× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A strong tree, like an oak or a ram, symbolizes strength and power, as seen in 1 Kings 7:2 where Solomon builds a house with strong pillars. It can also refer to a chief or leader, like in 1 Chronicles 12:14 where the leaders of the tribes are listed.
Tyndale gloss
ram
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַ֫יִל (ayil) encompasses several meanings, including 'ram,' 'projecting pillar or pilaster,' 'leader or chief,' and 'terebinth.' It is derived from a root meaning strength, suggesting a connection to might and support. The term appears in various contexts, reflecting its diverse applications in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַ֫יִל 156 n.m. ram (as leader of flock)

base

אַ֫יִל n.[m.] projecting pillar or pilaster

base

[אַ֫יִל ?] n.m. leader, chief

base

[אַ֫יִל ?] n.m. terebinth

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H352a אַ֫יִל ram H352b אַ֫יִל projecting pillar or pilaster H352c אַ֫יִל leader, chief H352d אַ֫יִל terebinth

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

352 'ayil ah'-yil

from the same as 193; properly, strength; hence, anything

strong; specifically a chief (politically); also a ram (from

his strength); a pilaster (as a strong support); an oak or

other strong tree:--mighty (man), lintel, oak, post, ram,

tree.

see HEBREW for 0193

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַ֫יִל (a.yil) — ram.

1) ram

1a) ram (as food)

1b) ram (as sacrifice)

1c) ram (skin dyed red, for tabernacle)

אַ֫יִל (a.yil) — pillar.

pillar, door post, jambs, pilaster

אַ֫יִל (a.yil) — leader.

strong man, leader, chief

אַ֫יִל (a.yil) — terebinth.

mighty tree, terebinth

Aramaic equivalent: i.lan (אִילָן "tree" H0363)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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