Ezekiel 41:16 — Word Study
WLCהַסִּפִּ֡ים וְהַחַלּוֹנִ֣ים הָ֠אֲטֻמוֹת וְהָאַתִּיקִ֤ים׀ סָבִיב֙ לִשְׁלָשְׁתָּ֔ם נֶ֧גֶד הַסַּ֛ף שְׂחִ֥יף עֵ֖ץ סָבִ֣יב׀ סָבִ֑יב וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ עַד־ הַֽחַלֹּנ֔וֹת וְהַֽחַלֹּנ֖וֹת מְכֻסּֽוֹת׃
BSAas well as the thresholdsçaph [door sills, gate posts] and the beveledʼâṭam windowschallôwn [narrow windows, closed windows] and the galleriesʼattûwq [ledges, porches] all aroundçâbîyb with their threeshâlôwsh [triple, thrice] levels oppositeneged the thresholdçaph [door sill, gate post] were overlaid withshâchîyph△ woodʻêts [tree, wooden plank] on all sidesçâbîyb [encompassing, surrounding] They were paneled from the groundʼerets [wainscotted, covered with wood, land, earth] toʻad the windowschallôwn [holes in the wall] and the windowschallôwn [openings, apertures] were coveredkâçâh [shut, blocked]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| הַסִּפִּ֡ים | the thresholds | Particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| וְהַחַלּוֹנִ֣ים | and the windows | Conjunction, particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| הָ֠אֲטֻמוֹת | closed | Particle, verb qal participle (passive) feminine plural |
| וְהָאַתִּיקִ֤ים׀ | and the galleries | Conjunction, particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| סָבִיב֙ | [were] all around | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| לִשְׁלָשְׁתָּ֔ם | [the] three of them | Preposition, suffix |
| נֶ֧גֶד | before | Prep |
| הַסַּ֛ף | the threshold | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| שְׂחִ֥יף | paneled of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| עֵ֖ץ | wood | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| סָבִ֣יב׀ | all around | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| סָבִ֑יב | all around | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ | and the ground | Conjunction, particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| עַד־ | to | Preposition |
| הַֽחַלֹּנ֔וֹת | the windows | Particle, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| וְהַֽחַלֹּנ֖וֹת | and the windows | Conjunction, particle, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| מְכֻסּֽוֹת׃ | [were] covered | Verb, Pual, participle (passive) feminine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | as well as the thresholds and the beveled windows and the galleries all around with their three levels opposite the threshold, were overlaid with wood on all sides. They were paneled from the ground to the windows, and the windows were covered. |
| KJV | The door posts, and the narrow windows, and the galleries round about on their three stories, over against the door, cieled with wood round about, and from the ground up to the windows, and the windows were covered; |
| ASV | the thresholds, and the closed windows, and the galleries round about on their three stories, over against the threshold, ceiled with wood round about, and from the ground up to the windows (now the windows were covered), |
| YLT | the thresholds, and the narrow windows, and the galleries round about them three, over-against the threshold, a ceiling of wood all round about, and the ground unto the windows and the covered windows, |
| WEB | the thresholds, and the closed windows, and the galleries around on their three stories, opposite the threshold, with wood ceilings all around, and from the ground up to the windows, (now the windows were covered), |
| BBE | And the sloping windows and the covered ways round all three of them were of shakiph-wood all round from the level of the earth up to the windows; |
Where they part company is in the translation of הָאֲטֻמוֹת — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by several subordinate phrases detailing the temple's features.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbכָּסָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 17 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 41:16
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Design of the Templegenerated
Ezekiel 41:16 details the architectural features of the temple, emphasizing the thresholds, windows, and galleries that enhance its grandeur. This description is part of a larger vision Ezekiel received, where he measures and describes the temple's structure, reflecting its importance in Israel's worship and relationship with God. The intricate design elements symbolize the holiness and beauty of God's dwelling place among His people.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 41:26 | There were beveled windows and palm trees on the sidewalls of the portico. The side rooms of the temple also had canopies. |
| 2 | Ezekiel 40:16–25 | The gate chambers and their side pillars had beveled windows all around the inside of the gateway. The porticos also had windows all around on the inside. Each side pillar was decorated with palm trees. |
| 3 | 1 Kings 6:4 | He also had narrow windows framed high in the temple. |
| 4 | 1 Corinthians 13:12 | Now we see but a dim reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known. |
| 5 | 1 Kings 6:15 | He lined the interior walls with cedar paneling from the floor of the temple to the ceiling, and he covered the floor with cypress boards. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הָאֲטֻמוֹת, ha'a.tu.motgenerated
The word אטם (atam) is a verb meaning to shut or close, and in this context, it describes the windows as being closed or shuttered. The passive form indicates that the windows are not just inherently closed but have been made so, suggesting a deliberate action.
This term highlights the temple's security and sanctity, as closed windows would imply a protected space, shielding the sacred interior from outside influences. The use of this word contributes to the overall atmosphere of reverence and exclusivity surrounding the temple.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In the Berean Standard Bible, the term used is closed, which aligns with the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb מְכֻסּֽוֹת, me.khu.Sot, governs the entire sentence, describing the state of the windows and other features. The structure is complex, with multiple noun phrases detailing the elements of the temple's design.
The arrangement of the clauses emphasizes the various components of the temple, with the thresholds and windows highlighted as significant features that are overlaid with wood, indicating a rich and elaborate construction.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint uses the term δικτυωταί to translate the concept of closed windows, which suggests a focus on the function of the windows rather than their physical state. This choice indicates an interpretation that emphasizes the windows' purpose in the architectural design.
The Greek term conveys a sense of enclosure and security, aligning with the overall theme of the temple as a sacred and protected space.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 41:16 describes the temple's features, including the thresholds, windows, and galleries. The windows are noted as being closed, which emphasizes the temple's security and sanctity. This passage is part of a larger vision where Ezekiel details the temple's architecture, reflecting its importance in worship.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The closed windows signify the temple's sanctity and protection, creating a space that is secure and set apart for worship.
Ezekiel's description is unique in its detail, providing specific measurements and features that emphasize the temple's grandeur, similar to descriptions found in 1 Kings.
The thresholds symbolize boundaries, marking the transition between the sacred space of the temple and the outside world.
The architectural detail underscores the significance of the temple as God's dwelling place among His people, reflecting His holiness and the reverence due in worship.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What do the features of the temple tell us about the importance of sacred spaces in our lives?
- How can we apply the concept of boundaries in our own spiritual practices?
- In what ways does the description of the temple inspire us to create a space for worship?
- How does understanding the temple's design enhance our appreciation of God's presence among His people?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 41:16 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe door posts and the narrow windows,.... Of the inner temple or holy of holies; for this is what is last mentioned; of the door posts of it, see Ezekiel 41:3, in the holy of holies, both in Moses's
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 41 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe door posts, and the narrow windows, and the galleries round about on their three stories, over against the door, cieled with wood round about, and from the ground up to the windows, and the
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 41 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleWhat are here recounted were all measured by the angel, and with the same reed or measure. The door posts: see ,49. It is likely he means the door posts of every gate, or porch in every court. Windows: see . Galleries: see ,15. Three stories; see ,7; or parts, or buildings; temple, separate place, and on the court walls. The door; the singular for the plural number; the doors, which were ceiled with wood, were measured; this ceiling was with choicest wood. From the ground up to the windows; the height of these windows were taken too. Were covered; had lids or curtains to cover them, and lattices too, say some.
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 41 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 41:16 The door posts, and the narrow windows, and the galleries round about on their three stories, over against the door, cieled with wood round about, and from the ground up to the windows, and the windows [were] covered; Ver. 16. And the narrow windows … and the windows were covered.] Here Jerome cries out, "Oh the depth of the wisdom and knowledge of God!" Here be windows, but narrow and covered, which shows that we see not yet, nor can see, into heavenly things but obscurely and obliquely. How little a thing doth man understand of God. The holy place was without windows, only there burned lights perpetually; but in the most holy place there was no light at all.
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 41 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(16) The door posts.—This is the same word as in Ezekiel 40:6-7, &c., and means thresholds. The various particulars mentioned—the thresholds, the windows, and the galleries—are all to be taken in connection with the “he measured” of Ezekiel 41:15, and are details of the three buildings there spoken of, yet they did not all of them necessarily belong to each building. Narrow windows.—Rather, closed windows. (See Note on Ezekiel 40:16.) On their three stories.—“Stories” is not in the original, and introduces a wrong idea. He measured the three buildings (Ezekiel 41:15), and various details about their three (constructions) (Ezekiel 41:16). Over against the door, cieled with wood round…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 41 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges16. over against the door] the threshold. It looks as if some words had fallen out of the text here. LXX. reads: and the house and the adjoining parts were wainscotted with wood round about (and the floor). The present Heb. text, even if read, and over against the threshold was a wainscotting of wood, is too short to give the necessary sense—“over against the threshold” would be rather obscure as an expression for the whole interior of the house. The words “over against the threshold” can hardly be regarded as a definition of the locality of the “galleries,” as if these were borders or gangs (dado) going round the foot of the walls (Sm.). Ezekiel 41:16 b seq. The ornamentation of the…
Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 41 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleGalleries - The upper story of the side-chambers was probably built in the form of an open gallery.
Read Albert Barnes on Ezekiel 41 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleTHE EXACT OF THE TEMPLE ARE GIVEN AND ITS , WHICH WERE LIKE THOSE IN SOLOMON’S TEMPLE (1 Kings 6:29), Ezekiel 41:16-26.16.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 41 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
as well as the thresholds and the beveled windows and the galleries all around with their three levels opposite the threshold, were overlaid with wood on all sides. They were paneled from the ground to the windows, and the windows were covered.
the thresholds, and the closed windows, and the galleries around on their three stories, opposite the threshold, with wood ceilings all around, and from the ground up to the windows, (now the windows were covered),
as well as the thresholds and the beveled windows and the galleries all around with their three levels opposite the threshold, were overlaid with wood on all sides. They were paneled from the ground to the windows, and the windows were covered.
as well as the thresholds, narrow windows and galleries all around on three sides facing the threshold were paneled with wood all around, from the ground up to the windows (now the windows were covered),
Tyndale line
The door posts, and the narrow windows, and the galleries round about on their three stories, over against the door, cieled with wood round about, and from the ground up to the windows, and the windows were covered;
the thresholds, and the closed windows, and the galleries round about on their three stories, over against the threshold, ceiled with wood round about, and from the ground up to the windows (now the windows were covered),
the thresholds, and the closed windows, and the galleries round about on their three stories, over against the threshold, cieled with wood round about, and from the ground up to the windows; now the windows were covered;
The door posts, and the narrow windows, and the galleries around on their three stories, over against the door, ceiled with wood around, and from the ground up to the windows, and the windows were covered;
The postes and the narowe windowes, and the chambers round about, on three sides ouer against the postes, sieled with cedar wood rounde about, and from the ground vp to the windowes, and the windowes were sieled.
Strictly literal
The thresholds, and the closed windows, and the galleries round about the three of them (opposite the thresholds it was wainscoted with wood round about, and from the ground up to the windows, and the windows were covered),
the thresholds, and the narrow windows, and the galleries round about them three, over-against the threshold, a ceiling of wood all round about, and the ground unto the windows and the covered windows,
the thresholds, and the narrow windows, and the galleries around the three of them, opposite the threshold, [were] paneled with wood all around—and the ground to the windows, and the windows were covered,
The thresholds, and the narrow windows, and the corner-pillars were round about on their three sides: opposite the threshold there was a wainscoting of wood all round about, and so from the ground up to the windows; and the windows were covered.
the inner walls and the windows, including the narrow windows, and the galleries all around on three levels, were all paneled in wood.
From the Latin
The thresholds, and the oblique windows, and the galleries round about on three sides, over against the threshold of every one, and floored with wood all round about: and the ground was up to the windows, and the windows were shut over the doors.
Simplified
as well as the thresholds and the narrow windows and the surrounding open halls with their three levels up to and including the threshold, were covered with wood on every side. This extended from the ground up to and including the windows.
And the sloping windows and the covered ways round all three of them were of shakiph-wood all round from the level of the earth up to the windows;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show a high degree of agreement, with 11 out of 17 words matched. The Septuagint's wording reflects its own structure and interpretation, but the core elements of the description remain consistent across both texts.
הַסִּפִּ֡ים וְהַחַלּוֹנִ֣ים הָ֠אֲטֻמוֹת וְהָאַתִּיקִ֤ים׀ סָבִיב֙ לִשְׁלָשְׁתָּ֔ם נֶ֧גֶד הַסַּ֛ף שְׂחִ֥יף עֵ֖ץ סָבִ֣יב׀ סָבִ֑יב וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ עַד־ הַֽחַלֹּנ֔וֹת וְהַֽחַלֹּנ֖וֹת מְכֻסּֽוֹת׃
11 of the 17 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 41:16
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
סַף (saph) refers to both a basin or goblet and a threshold or sill. It is derived from a root meaning to contain, indicating its use for holding liquids or marking a boundary. The entries highlight its dual meanings, with Brown-Driver-Briggs and Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon both emphasizing its applications in physical structures and vessels.
סַף n.m. basin, goblet
base
סַף 24 n.m. threshhold, sill
base
H5592a סַף basin, goblet H5592b סַף threshhold, sill
5592 caph saf
from 5605, in its original sense of containing; a vestibule
(as a limit); also a dish (for holding blood or
wine):--bason, bowl, cup, door (post), gate, post, threshold.
see HEBREW for 05605
סַף (saph) — basin.
1) a spreading out, basin, goblet, bowl
1a) basin, goblet
סַף (saph) — threshold.
1) threshold, sill
1a) threshold, sill, door-keeper
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHTd/Ncmpa
חַלּוֹן (challown) means 'window' in Hebrew, referring to an opening or perforation in a wall. The term is noted as both masculine and feminine in gender. It emphasizes the concept of a window as a means of light and air entering a space.
חַלּוֹן n.m. and f. window
base
H2474 חַלּוֹן window
2474 challown khal-lone'
a window (as perforated):--window.
חַלּוֹן (chal.lon) — window.
window (piercing of the wall)
Conj | Art | N-cp — Conjunction · particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Td/Ncmpa
אטם (atam) is a Hebrew verb meaning to shut or close. It can refer to shutting lips or ears, and in a figurative sense, it describes the wicked stopping their ears. The root conveys a sense of narrowing or stopping, with various usages in the Old Testament.
[אטם] vb. shut, shut up
Qal shut, stop
Hiph. of adder, stopping ears, sim. of wicked.
base
H331 אטם shut, shut up
331 'atam aw-tam'
a primitive root; to close (the lips or ears); by analology
to contract (a window by bevelled jambs):--narrow, shut,
stop.
אָטַם (a.tam) — to shutter.
1) to shut, shut up, close
1a) (Qal) to shut, stop (of lips)
1b) (Hiphil) of the wicked stopping their ears (fig.)
Art | V-Qal-Inf-c — Particle · verb qal participle (passive) feminine pluralHTd/Vqsfpa
אתוק (attuwq) refers to a gallery or porch, as noted in various lexicons. It is derived from the Hebrew root meaning to decrease, indicating a ledge or offset in a building. The term is closely related to אַתִּיק (at.tiq), which also means gallery or porch, showing a connection in usage. Both terms are mentioned in Ezekiel 41:15.
[אתוק] n.m. gallery, porch Ez 41:15
base
אַתִּיק n.m. id. [a.gp.ag]
base
H862a אתוק gallery, porch H862b אַתִּיק id.
862 'attuwq at-tooke'
or mattiyq {at-teek'}; from 5423 in the sense of decreasing;
a ledge or offset in a building:--gallery.
see HEBREW for 05423
אַתּוּק (at.tuq) — gallery.
gallery, porch
Another spelling of at.tiq (אַתִּיק "gallery" H0862B)
אַתִּיק (at.tiq) — gallery.
gallery, porch
Also means: at.tuq (אַתּוּק "gallery" H0862A)
Conj | Art | N-mp — Conjunction · particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Td/Ncmpa
→ In the temple of Ezekiel's vision Eze 42:3
סָבִיב (cabiyb) primarily means 'around' and is used as a noun, adverb, and preposition. It denotes a circle, neighbors, or the surrounding area, often implying a sense of being on every side or in a circuit. The entries consistently emphasize its usage in contexts of proximity and encirclement.
סָבִיב 336 subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
base
H5439 סָבִיב subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
5439 cabiyb saw-beeb'
or (feminine) cbiybah {seb-ee-baw'}; from 5437; (as noun) a
circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with
or without preposition) around:--(place, round) about,
circuit, compass, on every side.
see HEBREW for 05437
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around.
: around/border
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: side.
: side
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: whole.
: whole
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: neighours.
: neighours
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
N-cs — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
The Hebrew word שָׁלֹשׁ (*shalosh*) means 'three' or 'triad.' It can also refer to the ordinal 'third' and is used in various contexts, including multiplication as 'thrice.' The entries consistently define it as a primitive number without significant disagreement.
שָׁלֹשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלֹשָׁה 430 n.m. et f. a three, triad
base
H7969 שָׁלֹשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלֹשָׁה a three, triad
7969 shalowsh shaw-loshe'
or shalosh {shaw-loshe'}; masculine shlowshah {shel-o-shaw'};
or shloshah {shel-o-shaw'}; a primitive number; three;
occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multipl.) thrice:--+ fork,
+ often(-times), third, thir(-teen, -teenth), three, + thrice.
Compare 7991.
see HEBREW for 07991
שָׁלֹשׁ (sha.losh) — three.
1) three, triad
1a) 3, 300, third
Aramaic equivalent: te.lat (תְּלָת "three" H8532)
Prep | Adj | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Acfsc/Sp3mp
נֶ֫גֶד (neged) refers to something that is conspicuous or in front, functioning as both a noun and an adverb. It denotes a position opposite or before someone, often used to indicate presence or visibility. The word can imply a counterpart or mate, and it appears in contexts emphasizing sight or proximity.
נֶ֫גֶד 151 subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to
base
H5048 נֶ֫גֶד subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to
5048 neged neh'-ghed
from 5046; a front, i.e. part opposite; specifically a
counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with
preposition) over against or before:--about, (over) against,
X aloof, X far (off), X from, over, presence, X other side,
sight, X to view.
see HEBREW for 05046
נֶ֫גֶד (ne.ged) — before.
subst
1) what is conspicuous, what is in front of
adv
2) in front of, straight forward, before, in sight of
3) in front of oneself, straightforward
4) before your face, in your view or purpose
with prep
5) what is in front of, corresponding to
6) in front of, before
7) in the sight or presence of
8) parallel to
9) over, for
10) in front, opposite
11) at a distance
prep
12) from the front of, away from
13) from before the eyes of, opposite to, at a distance from
14) from before, in front of
15) as far as the front of
Aramaic equivalent: ne.ged (נֶ֫גֶד "before" H5049)
Prep — PrepHAcmsc
be-for': The translation of a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. "Haran died before (the English Revised Version "in the presence of," literally "before the face of") his father Terah" (Ge 11:28). To be "before" God is to enjoy His favor (Ps 31:22). "The Syrians before" (Isa 9:12 the Revised Version, margin "on the east," as "behind," owing to the position of Canaan, relative to Syria, implies the west).
סַף (saph) refers to both a basin or goblet and a threshold or sill. It is derived from a root meaning to contain, indicating its use for holding liquids or marking a boundary. The entries highlight its dual meanings, with Brown-Driver-Briggs and Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon both emphasizing its applications in physical structures and vessels.
סַף n.m. basin, goblet
base
סַף 24 n.m. threshhold, sill
base
H5592a סַף basin, goblet H5592b סַף threshhold, sill
5592 caph saf
from 5605, in its original sense of containing; a vestibule
(as a limit); also a dish (for holding blood or
wine):--bason, bowl, cup, door (post), gate, post, threshold.
see HEBREW for 05605
סַף (saph) — basin.
1) a spreading out, basin, goblet, bowl
1a) basin, goblet
סַף (saph) — threshold.
1) threshold, sill
1a) threshold, sill, door-keeper
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
thresh'-old.
See HOUSE, II, 1, (7).
Threshold
(1.) Heb. miphtan, probably a projecting beam at a higher point than the threshold proper (1 Sam. 5:4,5; Ezek. 9:3; 10:4,18; 46:2; 47:1); also rendered “door” and “door-post.”
(2.) ‘Asuppim, pl. (Neh. 12:25), rendered correctly “storehouses” in the Revised Version. In 1 Chr. 26:15, 17 the Authorized Version retains the word as a proper name, while in the Revised Version it is translated “storehouses.”
Of the two words so rendered is the Authorized Version, one,miphthan, ,seems to mean sometimes a projecting beam or corbel. (Ezekiel 9:3; 10:4,18)
The Hebrew word שָׁחִיף (*shachiyph*) refers to something that is paneled or wainscotted with wood. It is described as a board that is thin and chipped. The meaning is considered doubtful in some contexts, particularly in Ezekiel 41:16, where it is typically translated as 'panelled'.
[שָׁחִיף] adj. (?), doubtful;—cstr. Ez 41:16 usually panelled, wainscotted, with wood
ref
H7824 שָׁחִיף
7824 shachiyph shaw-kheef'
from the same as 7828; a board (as chipped thin):--cieled
with.
see HEBREW for 07828
שָׁחִיף (sha.chiph) — paneled.
adj
1) panelled or wainscotted with wood
1a) meaning doubtful
n
2) a wainscot of wood
2a) meaning doubtful
Adj — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֵץ (ets) refers to a tree or wood, encompassing various forms such as timber, sticks, and planks. It can denote both singular and plural trees, as well as specific uses like gallows and firewood. The word is derived from a root meaning firmness, indicating its solid nature.
עֵץ 329 n.m. tree, trees, wood
(c. 150 t.)
a standing tree
coll. trees
(c. 175 t.; c. 120 t. pl., to denote pieces [or articles] of wood)
base
H6086 עֵץ tree, trees, wood . (c. 150 t.) . a standing tree
. coll. trees
. (c. 175 t.; c. 120 t. pl., to denote pieces [or articles] of wood)
6086 `ets ates
from 6095; a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural
sticks):--+ carpenter, gallows, helve, + pine, plank, staff,
stalk, stick, stock, timber, tree, wood.
see HEBREW for 06095
עֵץ (ets) — tree: wood.
: wood
1) tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalk, stick, gallows
1a) tree, trees
1b) wood, pieces of wood, gallows, firewood, cedar-wood, woody flax
עֵץ (ets) — tree.
: tree
1) tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalk, stick, gallows
1a) tree, trees
1b) wood, pieces of wood, gallows, firewood, cedar-wood, woody flax
עֵץ (ets) — tree: stick.
: stick/log
1) tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalk, stick, gallows
1a) tree, trees
1b) wood, pieces of wood, gallows, firewood, cedar-wood, woody flax
עֵץ (ets) — tree: stake.
: stake/shaft
1) tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalk, stick, gallows
1a) tree, trees
1b) wood, pieces of wood, gallows, firewood, cedar-wood, woody flax
עֵץ (ets) — tree: carpenter.
: carpenter/wood(worker)
1) tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalk, stick, gallows
1a) tree, trees
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
wood.
See BOTANY; FOREST; TREES.
Wood
See FOREST.
[FOREST]
סָבִיב (cabiyb) primarily means 'around' and is used as a noun, adverb, and preposition. It denotes a circle, neighbors, or the surrounding area, often implying a sense of being on every side or in a circuit. The entries consistently emphasize its usage in contexts of proximity and encirclement.
סָבִיב 336 subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
base
H5439 סָבִיב subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
5439 cabiyb saw-beeb'
or (feminine) cbiybah {seb-ee-baw'}; from 5437; (as noun) a
circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with
or without preposition) around:--(place, round) about,
circuit, compass, on every side.
see HEBREW for 05437
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around.
: around/border
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: side.
: side
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: whole.
: whole
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: neighours.
: neighours
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
N-cs — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
סָבִיב (cabiyb) primarily means 'around' and is used as a noun, adverb, and preposition. It denotes a circle, neighbors, or the surrounding area, often implying a sense of being on every side or in a circuit. The entries consistently emphasize its usage in contexts of proximity and encirclement.
סָבִיב 336 subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
base
H5439 סָבִיב subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
5439 cabiyb saw-beeb'
or (feminine) cbiybah {seb-ee-baw'}; from 5437; (as noun) a
circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with
or without preposition) around:--(place, round) about,
circuit, compass, on every side.
see HEBREW for 05437
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around.
: around/border
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: side.
: side
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: whole.
: whole
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: neighours.
: neighours
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
HNcbsa — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
Conj | Art | N-cs — Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Td/Ncfsa
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Prep — PrepositionHR
חַלּוֹן (challown) means 'window' in Hebrew, referring to an opening or perforation in a wall. The term is noted as both masculine and feminine in gender. It emphasizes the concept of a window as a means of light and air entering a space.
חַלּוֹן n.m. and f. window
base
H2474 חַלּוֹן window
2474 challown khal-lone'
a window (as perforated):--window.
חַלּוֹן (chal.lon) — window.
window (piercing of the wall)
Art | N-cp — Particle · noun common feminine plural absoluteHTd/Ncfpa
חַלּוֹן (challown) means 'window' in Hebrew, referring to an opening or perforation in a wall. The term is noted as both masculine and feminine in gender. It emphasizes the concept of a window as a means of light and air entering a space.
חַלּוֹן n.m. and f. window
base
H2474 חַלּוֹן window
2474 challown khal-lone'
a window (as perforated):--window.
חַלּוֹן (chal.lon) — window.
window (piercing of the wall)
Conj | Art | N-cp — Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine plural absoluteHC/Td/Ncfpa
The Hebrew word כָּסָה (*kacah*) primarily means to cover or conceal. It encompasses a range of meanings, including to clothe, hide, or overwhelm. The entries describe various forms of the verb, such as being covered or covering oneself, and its use in contexts like protection or sin. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[כָּסָה] vb. cover
Qal
conceal
pass. (cstr.) covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of sight)
Niph. covered
Pi.
cover, clothe
cover, conceal blood
cover (with covering of protection)
cover, spread over
cover, overwhelm
cover over
Pual.
be covered
be clothed
Hithp. cover, clothe oneself
base
H3680 כָּסָה cover .. conceal
. pass. (cstr.) covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of sight)
. covered
. . cover, clothe
. cover, conceal blood
. cover (with covering of protection)
. cover, spread over
. cover, overwhelm
. cover over
. . be covered
. be clothed
. cover, clothe oneself
3680 kacah kaw-saw'
a primitive root; properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows;
by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy):--clad
self, close, clothe, conceal, cover (self), (flee to) hide,
overwhelm. Compare 3780.
see HEBREW for 03780
כָּסָה (ka.sah) — to cover.
1) to cover, conceal, hide
1a) (Qal) conceal, covered (participle)
1b) (Niphal) to be covered
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to cover, clothe
1c2) to cover, conceal
1c3) to cover (for protection)
1c4) to cover over, spread over
1c5) to cover, overwhelm
1d) (Pual)
1d1) to be covered
1d2) to be clothed
1e) (Hithpael) to cover oneself, clothe oneself
V-Pual-Inf-c — Verb · Pual · participle (passive) feminine pluralHVPsfpa