Nehemiah 12:25 — Word Study
WLCמַתַּנְיָ֧ה וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה עֹבַדְיָ֥ה מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם טַלְמ֣וֹן עַקּ֑וּב שֹׁמְרִ֤ים שֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙ מִשְׁמָ֔ר בַּאֲסֻפֵּ֖י הַשְּׁעָרִֽים׃
BSAMattaniahMattanyâh [a gift of Jehovah] BakbukiahBaqbuqyâh ObadiahʻÔbadyâh [a servant of the Lord] MeshullamMᵉshullâm TalmonṬalmôwn [an oppressor] [and] AkkubʻAqqûwb [were] gatekeepersshôwʻêr [porters, door-keepers] who guardedshâmar [keeping watch, to protect] the storeroomsʼâçuph [store-houses, collections] at the gatesshaʻar [thresholds, entrances]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מַתַּנְיָ֧ה | Mattaniah | Noun proper masculine |
| וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה | and Bakbukiah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| עֹבַדְיָ֥ה | Obadiah | Noun proper masculine |
| מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם | Meshullam | Noun proper masculine |
| טַלְמ֣וֹן | Talmon | Noun proper masculine |
| עַקּ֑וּב | Akkub | Noun proper masculine |
| שֹׁמְרִ֤ים | keeping | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural |
| שֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙ | [were] gatekeepers | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| מִשְׁמָ֔ר | guard | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בַּאֲסֻפֵּ֖י | at [the] storerooms of | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| הַשְּׁעָרִֽים׃ | the gates | Particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub were gatekeepers who guarded the storerooms at the gates. |
| KJV | Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the ward at the thresholds of the gates. |
| ASV | Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the watch at the store-houses of the gates. |
| YLT | Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, [are] gatekeepers, keeping charge in the gatherings of the gates. |
| WEB | Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub were gatekeepers keeping the watch at the storehouses of the gates. |
| BBE | Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were door-keepers keeping the watch at the store-houses of the doors. |
Where they part company is מִשְׁמָ֔ר — see How Translations Differ.
The structure is straightforward, with a main clause followed by a prepositional phrase that provides additional information about the gatekeepers' responsibilities.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbשֹׁועֵר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Nehemiah 12:25
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Gatekeepers of Jerusalemgenerated
Nehemiah 12:25 describes the roles of several key Levites who served as gatekeepers in Jerusalem. These individuals were entrusted with the important task of guarding the storerooms at the gates, ensuring that the resources of the community were protected. This passage highlights the organization and dedication of the Levites during the restoration period following the Babylonian exile, as they worked to re-establish worship and community life in Jerusalem.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nehemiah 12:8–9 | The Levites were Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, and Mattaniah, who, with his associates, led the songs of thanksgiving. |
| 2 | Nehemiah 11:17–19 | Mattaniah son of Mica, the son of Zabdi, the son of Asaph, who led in thanksgiving and prayer; Bakbukiah, second among his associates; and Abda son of Shammua, the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun. |
| 3 | 1 Chronicles 9:14–17 | From the Levites: Shemaiah son of Hasshub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, a descendant of Merari; |
| 4 | 1 Chronicles 23:32 | So the Levites were to carry out the responsibilities for the Tent of Meeting and the Holy Place, and, under their brothers the descendants of Aaron, the service of the house of the LORD. |
| 5 | 1 Chronicles 26:12 | These divisions of the gatekeepers, through their chief men, had duties for ministering in the house of the LORD, just as their brothers did. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שֹׁמְרִ֤ים, sho.me.Rimgenerated
The word שֹׁמְרִים (*sho'merim*) is a participle form of the root שָׁמַר (*shamar*), which means to keep, guard, or observe. In this context, it refers to those who actively protect and oversee the storerooms, emphasizing their role in maintaining safety and order.
This participle is masculine plural, indicating a group of individuals performing the action of guarding. The use of this form highlights the collective responsibility of the gatekeepers as they fulfill their duties at the gates of Jerusalem.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb שֹׁמְרִ֤ים, keeping, governs the subject of the sentence, which consists of the names of the gatekeepers. The structure of the sentence emphasizes their collective role in guarding the storerooms.
The noun phrase מִשְׁמָ֔ר serves as the object, indicating what they were guarding, while the prepositional phrase בַּאֲסֻפֵּ֖י specifies the location of the storerooms.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שֹׁמְרִ֤ים as πυλωροὺς, which means 'gatekeepers' or 'porters.' This choice reflects a direct connection to the role of these individuals in overseeing the entrances.
The translation maintains the focus on their protective function, aligning closely with the Hebrew meaning while adapting to the Greek audience's understanding.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Nehemiah 12:25 lists Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub as gatekeepers responsible for guarding the storerooms at the gates of Jerusalem. Their roles were essential for the security and order of the community during the restoration period.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The gatekeepers were responsible for guarding the entrances to the city and the storerooms, ensuring the safety and security of the community's resources.
The verse mentions Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub as the gatekeepers serving in Jerusalem.
The gatekeepers played a crucial role in maintaining order and security as the community rebuilt and restored worship practices after the exile.
The storerooms were places where valuable resources and offerings were stored, making their protection vital for the functioning of the temple and community.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I be a protector in my community, similar to the gatekeepers in Jerusalem?
- What responsibilities do I have in maintaining order and security in my own life?
- In what ways can I contribute to the well-being of my community, like the Levites did during the restoration?
- How does understanding the roles of the gatekeepers enhance my appreciation for the structure of worship in the Bible?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Nehemiah 12:25 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleMattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters,.... At the gates of the temple, see 1 Chronicles 9:15, keeping the ward, at the thresholds of the gates; of the temple,
Read John Gill on Nehemiah 12 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the ward at the thresholds of the gates. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Nehemiah 12 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleTo wit, of the temple, their watching-place being close by the thresholds of the gates, as it now is.
Read Matthew Poole on Nehemiah 12 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(25) At the thresholds.—At the treasuries, or store-chambers attached to the several gates of the Temple.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Nehemiah 12 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 25. The thresholds of the gates.] Some understand this of a sort of porticoes at the gates, and are puzzled about it, because they find no mention of porticoes elsewhere: but why may we not suppose these to resemble our watch-boxes or some temporary moveable shelters for those who took care of the gates? That there must have been some such conveniences, common sense dictates.
Read AdamClarke on Nehemiah 12 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges25. Mattaniah] Cf. Nehemiah 12:8, Nehemiah 11:17. Mattaniah representing Asaphites. Bakbukiah] Cf. Nehemiah 12:9, Nehemiah 11:17, representing the Hemanites, cf. 1 Chronicles 25:4. Obadiah] Probably the same as Abda of the family of Jeduthun, Nehemiah 11:17. These three names are the names of singers who were also porters, and should probably be separated from the next three, who were only porters. Meshullam] Probably the same as Shallum (1 Chronicles 9:17; Ezra 2:42). Talmon, Akkub] Cf. Nehemiah 11:19; 1 Chronicles 9:17. at the thresholds of the gates] R.V. at the storehouses of the gates. The A.V. gives the rendering which is favoured by the Vulgate ‘vestibulorum ante portas,’ and by the…
Read Cambridge on Nehemiah 12 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleIn 1 Chronicles 9:17, 1 Chronicles 9:24, 1 Chronicles 9:26, four families of porters only are mentioned; six are implied here, in Nehemiah 7:45, and in Ezra 2:42.
Read Albert Barnes on Nehemiah 12 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible25. The thresholds of the gates — Rather, treasuries, or store chambers of the gates; chambers located near the gates, and used for the storing of temple goods. Comp. 1 Chronicles 26:15, note.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Nehemiah 12 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub were gatekeepers who guarded the storerooms at the gates.
Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub were gatekeepers keeping the watch at the storehouses of the gates.
Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub were gatekeepers who guarded the storerooms at the gates.
Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub were gatekeepers who were guarding the storerooms at the gates.
Tyndale line
Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the ward at the thresholds of the gates.
Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the watch at the store-houses of the gates.
Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the ward at the storehouses of the gates.
Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the ward at the threshholds of the gates.
Mattaniah and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon and Akkub were porters keeping the warde at the thresholds of the gates.
Strictly literal
Mattaniah and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were doorkeepers keeping the ward at the storehouses of the gates.
Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, [are] gatekeepers, keeping charge in the gatherings of the gates.
Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, [are] gatekeepers, keeping watch in the gatherings of the gates.
Matthanyah, and Bakbukyah, 'Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, 'Akkub, were watching gatekeepers on the watch at the thresholds of the gates.
Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub were gatekeepers standing guard at the storerooms by the gates.
From the Latin
Mathania, and Becbecia, Obedia, and Mosollam, Telmon, Accub, were keepers of the gates and of the entrances before the gates.
Simplified
They were joined by Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, and Obadiah. Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub were gatekeepers who guarded the storehouses at the gates.
Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were door-keepers keeping the watch at the store-houses of the doors.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in this verse, with all words matched in the Hebrew and Greek texts. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of the roles of the gatekeepers in the community.
מַתַּנְיָ֧ה וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה עֹבַדְיָ֥ה מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם טַלְמ֣וֹן עַקּ֑וּב שֹׁמְרִ֤ים שֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙ מִשְׁמָ֔ר בַּאֲסֻפֵּ֖י הַשְּׁעָרִֽים׃
11 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Nehemiah 12:25
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word מַתַּנְיָ֫הוּ (*Mattanyah*) means 'gift of Jah' and refers to various individuals in the Old Testament, including the last king of Judah, Zedekiah. It is derived from the roots for 'gift' and 'Jah.' The entries highlight multiple Levites named Mattaniah, involved in temple service and significant events during the Exile and Return.
מַתַּנְיָ֫הוּ, מַתַּנְיָה n.pr.m.
last king of Judah, name changed to Zedekiah
Levite name
Levite name
name of several who took strange wives
base
H4983 מַתַּנְיָ֫הוּ, מַתַּנְיָה
4983 Mattanyah mat-tan-yaw'
or Mattanyahuw {mat-tan-yaw'-hoo}; from 4976 and 3050; gift
of Jah; Mattanjah, the name of ten Israelites:--Mattaniah.
see HEBREW for 04976
see HEBREW for 03050
מַתַּנְיָ֫הוּ (mat.tan.yah) — Mattaniah.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at 1Ch.9.15;
son of: Mica (H4316)
§ Mattaniah = "gift of Jehovah"
1) the original name of the last king of Judah before the captivity; also known as 'Zedekiah'
2) a Levite, son of Heman, whose office was to blow the horns in the temple service as appointed by David
3) a Levite of the family of Asaph
4) a Levite of the family of Asaph who assisted in the purification of the temple in the reign of Hezekiah
5) a Levite of the family of Asaph who took part in the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem; leader of the temple choir
6) a Levite, descendant of Asaph and ancestor of Jahaziel in the time of Jehoshaphat
7) another Levite in the time of Nehemiah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
mat-a-ni'-a (mattanyaha, "gift of Yah"):
(1) King Zedekiah's original name, but changed by Nebuchadnezzar when he made him king over Judah instead of his nephew Jehoiachin (2Ki 24:17).
(2) A descendant of Asaph (1Ch 9:15), leader of the temple choir (Ne 11:17; 12:8). Mentioned among the "porters," keepers of "the storehouses of the gates" (Ne 12:25), and again in Ne 12:35 as among the "priests' sons with trumpets."
(3) May be the same as (2), though in 2Ch 20:14 he is mentioned as an ancestor of that Jahaziel whose inspired words in the midst of the congregation…
Mattaniah
Gift of Jehovah. (1.) A Levite, son of Heman, the chief of the ninth class of temple singers (1 Chr. 25:4, 16).
(2.) A Levite who assisted in purifying the temple at the reformation under Hezekiah (2 Chr. 29:13).
(3.) The original name of Zedekiah (q.v.), the last of the kings of Judah (2 Kings 24:17). He was the third son of Josiah, who fell at Megiddo. He succeeded his nephew Jehoiakin.
(gift of Jehovah). The original name of Zedekiah king of Judah, which was changed when Nebuchadnezzar placed him on the throne. (2 Kings 24:17) A Levite singer of the sons of Asaph. (1 Chronicles 9:15) He was leader of the temple choir after its restoration, (Nehemiah 11:17; 12:8) in the time of Nehemiah, and took part in the musical service which accompanied the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem. (Nehemiah 12:25,35) A descendant of Asaph, and ancestor of Jahaziel the Levite, in the reign of Jehoshaphat. (2 Chronicles 20:14) One of the sons of Elam. (Ezra 10:26)…
gift, or hope, of the Lord
בַּקְבֻּקְיָה (Bakbukiah) refers to a Levite mentioned in the context of the Exile and Return, specifically in Nehemiah 11:17. The name is derived from roots meaning 'emptying' or 'wasting' and is associated with Jehovah. The entries consistently identify Bakbukiah as an Israelite, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
בַּקְבֻּקְיָה n.pr.m. a Levite
base
H1229 בַּקְבֻּקְיָה
1229 Baqbukyah bak-book-yaw'
from 1228 and 3050; emptying (i.e. wasting) of Jah;
Bakbukjah, an Israelite:--Bakbukiah.
see HEBREW for 01228
see HEBREW for 03050
בַּקְבֻּקְיָה (baq.buq.yah) — Bakbukiah.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Neh.11.17
§ Bakbukiah = "wasting of Jehovah"
a Levite in the time of Nehemiah
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
(wasting of Jehovah), a Levite in the time of Nehemiah. (Nehemiah 11:17; 12:9) (B.C. before 536.)
→ A Levite Ne 11:17; 12:9,25
עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ (Obadyah) means 'servant of Jehovah' and refers to various individuals in the Old Testament, including the fourth of the twelve minor prophets. The entries note that he was a chief in Ahab's household, a Levite overseer, and a descendant of David, among others. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding the identity and roles of Obadiah.
עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ, עֹבַדְיָה n.pr.m. (servant of Yah)
:
chief of Ahab’s household
father of one of the chiefs of Zebulun
a Levite overseer in time of Josiah
:
the prophet
a descendant of David
chief of tribe of Issachar
a Benjamite
a Levite
a Gadite chief
a prince in time of Jehoshaphat
priestly companion of Ezra
a doorkeeper
base
H5662 עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ, עֹבַדְיָה
5662 `Obadyah o-bad-yaw'
or mObadyahuw {o-bad-yaw'-hoo}; active participle of 5647 and
3050; serving Jah; Obadjah, the name of thirteen
Israelites:--Obadiah.
see HEBREW for 05647
see HEBREW for 03050
עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ (o.vad.yah) — Obadiah.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.18.3
§ Obadiah = "servant of Jehovah"
1) the 4th of the 12 minor prophets; nothing personal is known of him but it is probable that he was contemporary with Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel
1a) the prophetic book by him; prophesies against Edom
2) father of Ishmaiah, one of the chiefs of Zebulun in the time of David
3) a Merarite Levite overseer of the work of restoring the temple in the time of king Josiah of Judah
4) chief of the household of king Ahab of Israel; an devout worshipper of Jehovah who at risk to his own life hid over 100 prophets during the persecution of Jezebel
5) a descendant of David
6) a chief of the tribe of Issachar
7) a Benjamite, one of the 6 sons of Azel and a descendant of king Saul
8) a Levite, son of Shemaiah and a descendant of Jeduthun
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
o-ba-di'-a (`obhadhyah, more fully `obhadhyahu, "servant of Yahweh"):
(1) The steward or prime minister of Ahab, who did his best to protect the prophets of Yahweh against Jezebel's persecution. He met Elijah on his return from Zarephath, and bore to Ahab the news of Elijah's reappearance (1Ki 18:3-16).
(2) The prophet (Ob 1:1).
See OBADIAH, BOOK OF.
Obadiah
Servant of the Lord. (1.) An Israelite who was chief in the household of King Ahab (1 Kings 18:3). Amid great spiritual degeneracy he maintained his fidelity to God, and interposed to protect The Lord’s prophets, an hundred of whom he hid at great personal risk in a cave (4, 13). Ahab seems to have held Obadiah in great honour, although he had no sympathy with his piety (5, 6, 7). The last notice of him is his bringing back tidings to Ahab that Elijah, whom he had so long sought for, was at hand (9-16). “Go,” said Elijah to him, when he met him in the way, “go tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here.”
(2.) A chief of the tribe of Issachar (1 Chr. 7:3).
(3.) A descendant of Saul (1 Chr. 8:38).
(servant of the Lord), A man whose sons are enumerated in the genealogy of the tribe of Judah. (1 Chronicles 3:21) (B.C. 470.) A descendant of Issachar and a chief man of his tribe. (1 Chronicles 7:3) (B.C. 1014.) One of the six sons of Azel, a descendant of Saul. (1 Chronicles 8:33; 9:44) (B.C. 720.) A Levite, son of Shemaiah, and descended from Jeduthun. (1 Chronicles 9:16; Nehemiah 12:25) The second of the lion-faced Gadites who joined David at Ziklag. (1 Chronicles 12:9) (B.C. 1054.) One of the Princes of Judah in the reign of Jehoshaphat. (
1. The chief officer of king Ahab’s household, who preserved the lives of one hundred prophets from the persecuting Jezebel, by concealing them in two caves and furnishing them with food, 1Ki 18:4.
2. The fourth of the minor prophets, supposed to have prophesied about 587 B. C. It cannot indeed be decided with certainty when he lived, but it is probable that he was contemporary with Jeremiah and Ezekiel, who denounced the same dreadful judgments on the Edomites, as the punishment of their pride, violence, and cruel insulting over the Jews after the destruction of their city. The prophecy, according to usher, was fulfilled about five years after the destruction of Jerusalem.
3. Eight or ten others of this name are mentioned in 1Ch 3:21 7:3 8:38 9:16,44 12:9 27:19
מְשֻׁלָּם (Mshullam) is a Hebrew name meaning 'friend.' It refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, including a grandfather of Shaphan, a son of Zerubbabel, and various Benjamites and Levites involved in rebuilding Jerusalem. The name appears in contexts related to the Divided Monarchy and post-exilic restoration, notably in 2 Kings 22:3 and Ezra 10:29.
מְשֻׁלָּם n.pr.m.
grandfather of Shaphan
son of Zerub.
in Benj.
in Gad
wall-builders
a chief
H4918 מְשֻׁלָּם
4918 Mshullam mesh-ool-lawm'
from 7999; allied; Meshullam, the name of seventeen
Israelites:--Meshullam.
see HEBREW for 07999
מְשֻׁלָּם (me.shul.lam) — Meshullam.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Ki.22.3;
father of: Azaliah (H0683)
§ Meshullam = "friend"
1) grandfather of Shaphan, the scribe
2) son of Zerubbabel
3) a Benjamite of the sons of Elpaal
4) a Benjamite, father of Sallu
5) a Benjamite who lived at Jerusalem after the captivity
6) a Benjamite
6a) perhaps the same as 3 or 4
7) a Gadite in the reign of king Jotham of Judah
8) son of Berechiah who assisted in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem
9) son of Besodeiah who assisted Jehoiada the son of Paseah in restoring the old gate of Jerusalem
10) a chief of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah
11) father of Hilkiah and high priest probably in the reign of king Amon of Judah
11a) perhaps the same as 'Shallum'
12) a priest, son of Meshillemith or Meshillemoth, son of Immer, and ancestor of Maasiai or Amashai
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Meshullam
Befriended. (1.) One of the chief Gadites in Bashan in the time of Jotham (1 Chr. 5:13).
(2.) Grandfather of Shaphan, “the scribe,” in the reign of Josiah (2 Kings 22:3).
(3.) A priest, father of Hilkiah (1 Chr. 9:11; Neh. 11:11), in the reign of Ammon; called Shallum in 1 Chr. 6:12.
(4.) A Levite of the family of Kohath (2 Chr. 34:12), in the reign of Josiah.
(5.) 1 Chr. 8:17.
(6.) 1 Chr. 3:19.
(friend). Ancestor of Shaphan the scribe. (2 Kings 22:3) The son of Zerubbabel. (1 Chronicles 3:19) A Gadite in the reign of Jotham king of Judah. (1 Chronicles 5:13) A Benjamite, of the sons of Elpaal. (1 Chronicles 8:17) A Benjamite, father of Sallu. (1 Chronicles 9:7; Nehemiah 11:7) A Benjamite who lived at Jerusalem after the captivity. (1 Chronicles 9:8) The same as Shallum, who was high priest probably in the reign of Amon, and father of Hilkiah. (1 Chronicles…
peaceable; perfect; their parables
טַלְמוֹן (Talmon) refers to a name associated with a Levite doorkeeper in the temple. The word is linked to the meaning 'oppressor' and is derived from a root that implies oppression. Talmon's descendants returned from exile and served in their hereditary role during the times of Nehemiah and Ezra, as noted in 1 Chronicles 9:17.
טַלְמֹן, once טַלְמוֹן n.pr.m. name of porters
base
H2929 טַלְמֹן, טַלְמוֹן
2929 Talmown tal-mone'
from the same as 2728; oppressive; Talmon, a temple
doorkeeper:--Talmon.
see HEBREW for 02728
טַלְמוֹן (tal.mon) — Talmon.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at 1Ch.9.17
§ Talmon = "oppressor"
1) the head of a family of doorkeepers in the temple; some of his descendants returned from exile with Zerubbabel and were employed in their hereditary office in the days of Nehemiah and Ezra
1a) possibly two other doorkeepers in the time of Nehemiah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Talmon
Oppressed. (1.) A Levite porter (1 Chr. 9:17; Neh. 11:19).
(2.) One whose descendants returned with Zerubbabel to Jerusalem (Ezra 2:42; Neh. 7:45); probably the same as (1).
(oppressor), the head of a family of door-keepers in the temple, "the porters for the camps of the sons: of Levi." (1 Chronicles 9:17; Nehemiah 11:19) (B.C. 1013.) Some of his descendants returned with Zerubbabel, (Ezra 2:43; Nehemiah 7:45) and were employed in their hereditary office in the days of Nehemiah and Ezra. (Nehemiah 12:25)
עַקּוּב (Aqquwb) refers to a name meaning "insidious" and is associated with several individuals in the Old Testament, particularly during the Exile and Return period. The entries highlight Akkub as a descendant of David, a head of families returning from exile, and a Levite gatekeeper, with mentions in 1 Chronicles, Ezra, and Nehemiah.
עַקּוּב n.pr.m.
descendant of David
heads of post-exilic families
Levites
base
H6126 עַקּוּב
6126 `Aqquwb ak-koob'
from 6117; insidious; Akkub, the name of five
Israelites:--Akkub.
see HEBREW for 06117
עַקּוּב (aq.quv) — Akkub.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.24;
son of: Elioenai (H0454B);
brother of: Hodaviah (H1938), Eliashib (H0475), Pelaiah (H6411B), Johanan (H3110I), Delaiah (H1806) and Anani (H6054)
§ Akkub = "insidious"
1) son of Elioenai and descendant of David through Zerubbabel
2) a head of a family returning from exile
3) head of a family of temple slaves returning from exile
4) a Levite gatekeeper
5) a Levite who helped Ezra expound the law to the people
6) a Levite gatekeeper after the return from exile
עַקּוּב (aq.quv) — Akkub.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at 1Ch.9.17
§ Akkub = "insidious"
1) son of Elioenai and descendant of David through Zerubbabel
2) a head of a family returning from exile
3) head of a family of temple slaves returning from exile
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Akkub
(another form of Jacob). (1.) The head of one of the families of Nethinim (Ezra 2:45).
(2.) A Levite who kept the gate of the temple after the return from Babylon (1 Chr. 9:17; Ezra 2:42; Neh. 7:45).
(3.) A descendant of David (1 Chr. 3:24).
(insidious). A descendant of Zerubbabel and son of Elioenai. (1 Chronicles 3:24) One of the porters or doorkeepers at the east gate of the temple. (B.C. 636-440.) One of the Nethinim, whole family returned with Zerubbabel. (Ezra 2:45) (B.C. 536.) A Levite who assisted Ezra in expounding the law to the people. (Nehemiah 8:7)
foot-print; supplanting; crookedness; lewdness
The Hebrew word שָׁמַר (*shamar*) is a primitive root meaning to keep, guard, or observe. It encompasses a wide range of actions including protecting, waiting for, and celebrating obligations like the Sabbath. The verb appears in various forms, indicating nuances such as being on guard or refraining from certain actions. It is used extensively in the Old Testament, reflecting both physical and moral vigilance.
שָׁמַר 465 vb. keep, watch, preserve
Qal 425
keep, have charge of
keep, guard, captives
hence, watch for, wait for
watch, observe
keep, retain, of storing up (food)
keep within bounds, restrain
observe, celebrate
keep sabbath
of other obligations
observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom)
sts. י׳ subj.
keep, reserve, weeks of harvest
Niph.
36be on one's guard
keep oneself, refrain, abstain
be kept, guarded
Pi. those paying regard to false vanities
Hithp. I kept myself from
base
H8104 שָׁמַר keep, watch, preserve .. . keep, have charge of
. keep, guard, captives
. hence, watch for, wait for
. watch, observe
. . keep, retain, of storing up (food)
. keep within bounds, restrain
. . observe, celebrate
. keep sabbath
. of other obligations
. observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom)
. sts. י׳ subj.
. keep, reserve, weeks of harvest
. . be on one's guard
. keep oneself, refrain, abstain
. be kept, guarded
. those paying regard to false vanities
. I kept myself from
8104 shamar shaw-mar'
a primitive root; properly, to hedge about (as with thorns),
i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.:--beward,
be circumspect, take heed (to self), keep(-er, self), mark,
look narrowly, observe, preserve, regard, reserve, save
(self), sure, (that lay) wait (for), watch(-man).
שָׁמַר (sha.mar) — to keep: obey.
: obey/observe
1) to keep, guard, observe, give heed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to keep, have charge of
1a2) to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life
1a2a) watch, watchman (participle)
1a3) to watch for, wait for
1a4) to watch, observe
1a5) to keep, retain, treasure up (in memory)
1a6) to keep (within bounds), restrain
1a7) to observe, celebrate, keep (sabbath or covenant or commands), perform (vow)
1a8) to keep, preserve, protect
1a9) to keep, reserve
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be on one's guard, take heed, take care, beware
1b2) to keep oneself, refrain, abstain
1b3) to be kept, be guarded
1c) (Piel) to keep, pay heed
1d) (Hithpael) to keep oneself from
שָׁמַר (sha.mar) — to keep: guard.
: guard
1) to keep, guard, observe, give heed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to keep, have charge of
1a2) to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life
1a2a) watch, watchman (participle)
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine pluralHVqrmpa
שֹׁעֵר (sho'er) refers to a doorkeeper or porter, derived from the active participle form of a root meaning to guard or keep. The term is consistently defined across entries as a gatekeeper, emphasizing its role in overseeing entrances.
שֹׁעֵר 37 n.m. porter
base
H7778 שֹׁעֵר, שׁוֹעֵר
7778 show`er sho-are'
or shomer {sho-are'}: active participle of 8176 (as
denominative from 8179); a janitor:--doorkeeper, porter.
see HEBREW for 08176
see HEBREW for 08179
שֹׁעֵר (sho.er) — gatekeeper.
gatekeeper, porter
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
מִשְׁמָר (mishmar) refers to a place of confinement, such as a prison or jail, and also denotes a guard or watch. It can imply both a physical location for custody and the act of guarding or observing. The word is derived from a root meaning to guard, and it encompasses concepts of diligence and observance.
מִשְׁמָר n.[m.] place of confinement, gaol, prison; late, guard, watch, observance
base
H4929 מִשְׁמָר place of confinement, gaol, prison; late, guard, watch, observance
4929 mishmar mish-mawr'
from 8104; a guard (the man, the post or the prison); a
deposit (fig.); also (as observed) a usage (abstr.), or an
example (concr.):--diligence, guard, office, prison, ward,
watch.
see HEBREW for 08104
מִשְׁמָר (mish.mar) — custody.
1) place of confinement, prison, guard, jail, guard post, watch, observance
1a) jail, prison, guard-house
1b) guard, guard post, act of guarding
1c) observances
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
gard:
(1) sar ha-Tabbachim, "captain of the guard," literally, "slaughterers" (Ge 37:36; 39:1; 40:3,1; 41:10,12); rabh Tabbachim (2Ki 25:8,11,20; Jer 39:9, etc.); rabh tabbachayyah (Da 2:14); ratsim, "guard," the King James Version "footmen" (1Sa 22:17); sare ha-ratsim, "chief of the guard" the King James Version "captains of the guard" (1Ki 14:27); ta' ha-ratsim, "guard-chamber" (1Ki 14:28; compare Eze 40:21, etc., where "lodges" are "guardrooms"; see A.B.…
Guard
(1.) Heb. tabbah (properly a “cook,” and in a secondary sense “executioner,” because this office fell to the lot of the cook in Eastern countries), the bodyguard of the kings of Egypt (Gen. 37:36) and Babylon (2 Kings 25:8; Jer. 40:1; Dan. 2:14).
(2.) Heb. rats, properly a “courier,” one whose office was to run before the king’s chariot (2 Sam. 15:1; 1 Kings 1:5). The couriers were also military guards (1 Sam. 22:17; 2 Kings 10:25). They were…
→ See WATCHMAN
אָסֹף (asof) refers to what is gathered or stored, often indicating a collection of offerings or a storehouse. It is derived from a passive participle form and is noted in the plural. The term can also imply a threshold in a metonymic sense, as mentioned in some lexicons.
[אָסֹף] n.[m.] what is gathered, store
base
H624 אָסֹף
624 'acuph aw-soof'
passive participle of 622; collected (only in the plural),
i.e. a collection of offerings):--threshold, Asuppim.
see HEBREW for 0622
אָסֹף (a.suph) — storehouse.
1) what is gathered, store, storing, storehouse
2) (CLBL) threshold (metonomy)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural constructHR/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שַׁ֫עַר (sha'ar) means 'gate' and is derived from a root that signifies an opening. It encompasses various types of gates, including those of cities, palaces, and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like 'gate of heaven.' The entries consistently highlight its role as an entrance or threshold.
שַׁ֫עַר 373 n.m. gate
base
H8179 שַׁ֫עַר gate
8179 sha`ar shah'-ar
from 8176 in its original sense; an opening, i.e. door or
gate:--city, door, gate, port (X -er).
see HEBREW for 08176
שַׁ֫עַר (sha.ar) — gate.
: gate
1) gate
1a) gate (of entrance)
1b) gate (of space inside gate, i.e. marketplace, public meeting place)
1b1) city, town
1c) gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle)
1d) heaven
שַׁ֫עַר (sha.ar) — gate: town.
: town
1) gate
1a) gate (of entrance)
1b) gate (of space inside gate, i.e. marketplace, public meeting place)
1b1) city, town
1c) gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle)
1d) heaven
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHTd/Ncmpa