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Isaiah 1:6 — Word Study

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WLCמִכַּף־ רֶ֤גֶל וְעַד־ רֹאשׁ֙ אֵֽין־ בּ֣וֹ מְתֹ֔ם פֶּ֥צַע וְחַבּוּרָ֖ה וּמַכָּ֣ה טְרִיָּ֑ה לֹא־ זֹ֙רוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א חֻבָּ֔שׁוּ וְלֹ֥א רֻכְּכָ֖ה בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃

BSAFrom the solekaph [bottom, base] of your footregel to the topʻad [crown, highest point] of your headrôʼsh [there is] noʼayin soundnessmᵉthôm [wholeness, completeness, health] only woundspetsaʻ [bruises, injuries] and weltschabbûwrâh [swellings, sores] and festeringṭârîy [putrifying, infected] soresmakkâh [open wounds, painful lesions] neitherlôʼ cleansedzûwr [purified, healed] norlôʼ bandagedchâbash [bound up, covered] norlôʼ soothedrâkak [mollified, comforted] with oilshemen [olive oil]

Word
Listen & take awayIsaiah 1
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 6 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ba.Sha.men) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Isaiah 1:6quick helps
In a sentenceIsaiah describes a complete lack of health in the people, detailing their wounds and the absence of healing.
Who is speakingThe prophet Isaiah, conveying God's message to His people.
Where we areA vivid depiction of the people's physical and spiritual condition in the opening of Isaiah's prophetic message.
The hard wordמְתֹם, me.Tom
Take awayThe people are suffering from deep wounds that have not been treated.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectמְתֹם verbזרה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Isaiah 1:6

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Condition of God’s Peoplegenerated

5Why do you want more beatings? Why do you keep rebelling? Your head has a massive wound, and your whole heart is afflicted.
6From the sole of your foot to the top of your head, there is no soundness— only wounds and welts and festering sores neither cleansed nor bandaged nor soothed with oil.
7Your land is desolate; your cities are burned with fire. Foreigners devour your fields before you— a desolation demolished by strangers.
8And the Daughter of Zion is abandoned like a shelter in a vineyard, like a shack in a cucumber field, like a city besieged.

Isaiah 1:6 presents a stark picture of the people's affliction, emphasizing their physical wounds and the absence of healing. This verse is part of a larger passage where Isaiah critiques the spiritual state of Israel, illustrating how their rebellion has led to suffering. The imagery of wounds and lack of treatment serves to highlight their need for restoration, akin to the themes found in Jeremiah 30:17 and Psalm 147:3.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 2:7–8So Satan went out from the presence of the LORD and infected Job with terrible boils from the soles of his feet to the crown of his head.
2Luke 16:20–21And a beggar named Lazarus lay at his gate, covered with sores
32 Chronicles 6:28–29When famine or plague comes upon the land, or blight or mildew or locusts or grasshoppers, or when their enemies besiege them in their cities, whatever plague or sickness may come,
4Psalm 77:2In the day of trouble I sought the Lord; through the night my outstretched hands did not grow weary; my soul refused to be comforted.
5Jeremiah 6:14They dress the wound of My people with very little care, saying, ‘Peace, peace,’ when there is no peace at all.

The Key Word מְתֹם, me.Tomgenerated

The noun מְתֹם (me.Tom) refers to soundness or completeness, indicating a state of being whole or healthy. In this verse, it emphasizes the absence of health, underscoring the severity of the people's condition.

The parsing as a masculine singular absolute noun indicates that it stands alone in this context, highlighting the totality of their lack of soundness from head to toe.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB uses soundness, which is consistent with the KJV and ASV, both of which also employ this term.

Where others part company with the BSB is in מְתֹם — the KJV and NWB use wholeness, while the ASV and YLT maintain soundness. This indicates a slight variation in how the state of health is interpreted in different translations.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb אֵֽין, there is not, governs the entire verse, with a series of noun phrases and prepositional phrases describing the condition of the people. The structure emphasizes the totality of their affliction, from the sole of their foot to the top of their head.

The arrangement of phrases highlights the progression from the feet to the head, underscoring the comprehensive nature of their suffering.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates מְתֹם as ὑγιείαhealth — which suggests a focus on physical well-being rather than the broader concept of soundness. This choice indicates a narrowing of the meaning, emphasizing physical health over spiritual or emotional completeness.

The use of ἀσθένεια for wounds in the LXX further reflects this focus on physical ailments, aligning with the overall theme of the people's suffering.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Isaiah 1:6 describes the people's condition, stating that from their feet to their heads, they are not healthy. They have wounds and sores that have not been treated. This verse highlights their need for healing and restoration.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that there is no soundness?

It means that the people are in a state of complete physical and spiritual disrepair, lacking health or wholeness.

Why does Isaiah use imagery of wounds?

Wounds symbolize the deep afflictions and sins of the people, illustrating their need for healing and repentance.

What does the absence of healing signify?

It signifies the neglect of their spiritual and physical well-being, indicating a deeper issue of rebellion against God.

How can this verse apply to us today?

It serves as a reminder of the importance of addressing our spiritual and physical health, seeking healing through repentance and faith.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I need healing or restoration?
  2. How can I be more aware of my spiritual condition and seek soundness?
  3. What steps can I take to address wounds in my life that have not been treated?
  4. How does this verse challenge me to care for my own health and the health of others?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, discussing the nature of spiritual wounds and the need for healing, as seen in the quotations from Origen and Ambrose.

Origen of AlexandriaHOMILIES ON Jeremiah 2:2 c. 185–253
And just as there are some wounds that are cured by emollients, others that are cured by oil and others that need a bandage, there are still other wounds about which it is said, “It is not emollients or oil or bandages;
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 1 →
Origen of AlexandriaHOMILIES ON Leviticus 8:5.5 c. 185–253
Isaiah teaches that there are certain wounds of the soul.… Without doubt, he is speaking about the transgressions of the people, because there are some to whom the medicine of the poultice must still be applied.
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 1 →
Ambrose of MilanLetter 2.7 c. 339–397
Let your exhortations be full of meaning.… Speech is a bandage that ties up the wounds of souls, and if anyone rejects this, he shows his despair of his own salvation.
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 1 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Isaiah 1:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

From the sole of the foot even unto the head [there is] no soundness in it,.... Every member of the body politic was afflicted in one way or another, or sadly infected with the disease of sin; see Psalms 28:3.

Read John Gill on Isaiah 1 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment.

Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 1 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; you have been all of you punished, from the highest to the lowest, from the worst to the best. They have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment; I have suffered you to lie under your maladies for a time, without applying any remedies, to try whether the length and continuance of your affliction might not work that cure which the strength of it could not do, but all in vain.

Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 1 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Isaiah 1:6 From the sole of the foot even unto the head [there is] no soundness in it; [but] wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment.Ver. 6. From the sole of the foot.] Totum est pro vulnere corpus, The whole body politic was deadly diseased, and it was our prophet’ s unhappiness to be the physician to a dying state; Tunc etenim docta plus valet arte malum. There is no soundness.] Nec sanitas in corpore, nec sanctitas in corde. Heu, heu, Domine Deus. Neither soundness in body nor soundness in heart, Alas, alas oh God, God. But wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores.] And those also such as would not be cured…

Read John Trapp on Isaiah 1 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 6. They have not been closed, c. - "It hath not been pressed," c.] The pharmaceutical art in the East consists chiefly in external applications: accordingly the prophet's images in this place are all taken from surgery. Sir John Chardin, in his note on Proverbs 3:8, "It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones," observes that "the comparison is taken from the plasters, ointments, oils, and frictions, which are made use of in the East upon the belly and stomach in most maladies. Being ignorant in the villages of the art of making decoctions and potions, and of the proper doses of such things, they generally make use of external medicines." - Harmer's Observations on…

Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 1 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

6. The state of the nation is indeed desperate; no remedial measures have yet been applied. In the simple surgery of Isaiah’s time a wound was first pressed (to extrude suppurating matter), then bandaged and softened with oil (cf. Luke 10:34).

Read Cambridge on Isaiah 1 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

From the sole of the foot ... - Or is we say, ‘from head to foot,’ that is, in every part of the body. There may be included also the idea that this extended from the lowest to the highest among the people.

Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 1 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

5, 6. Why should… more — It is doubtful whether the question in Hebrew is, “For what reason should ye,” or, “Upon what part will ye,” be stricken any more?

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 1 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

From the sole of your foot to the top of your head, there is no soundness— only wounds and welts and festering sores neither cleansed nor bandaged nor soothed with oil.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

From the sole of the foot even to the head there is no soundness in it, but wounds, welts, and open sores. They haven’t been closed, bandaged, or soothed with oil.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

From the sole of your foot to the top of your head, there is no soundness—only wounds and welts and festering sores neither cleansed nor bandaged nor soothed with oil.

NETBNew English Translation2006

From the soles of your feet to your head, there is no spot that is unharmed. There are only bruises, cuts, and open wounds. They have not been cleansed or bandaged, nor have they been treated with olive oil.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and fresh stripes: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with oil.

RVARevised Version, American1894

From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and festering sores: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with oil.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

From the sole of the foot even to the head there is no soundness in it ; but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

From the sole of the foote vnto the head, there is nothing whole therein, but wounds, and swelling, and sores full of corruption: they haue not bene wrapped, nor bound vp, nor mollified with oyle.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in him; wounds, and weals, and open sores: they have not been dressed, nor bound up, nor mollified with oil.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

From the sole of the foot — unto the head, There is no soundness in it, Wound, and bruise, and fresh smiting! They have not been closed nor bound, Nor have they softened with ointment.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

From the sole of the foot—to the head, || There is no soundness in it, || Wound, and bruise, and fresh striking! They have not been closed nor bound, || Nor have they softened with ointment.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrefying sores: they have not been closed, nor bound up, nor mollified with oil.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

From the sole of the foot to the head there is no part unharmed; only wounds, and bruises, and fresh open wounds; they have not been closed, cleansed, bandaged, nor treated with oil.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

From the sole of the foot unto the top of the head, there is no soundness therein: wounds and bruises and swelling sores: they are not bound up, nor dressed, nor fomented with oil.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

You're injured from head to toe, bruised and sore, with open wounds that haven't been cleaned or bandaged or treated with olive oil.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

The body, from head to foot, is all diseased; it is a mass of open wounds, marks of blows, and broken flesh: the flow of blood has not been stopped, and no oil has been put on the wounds.

Word by word, the decisions they made

טְרִיָּ֑הte.ri.Yah fresh H2961 2 different renderings
freshASV LSV ULB YLT
putrifyingKJV NWB

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseמִfrom.[the]noun phraseכַּףsoleרֶ֤גֶלof.[the].footוְandprepositional phraseעַדtoרֹאשׁ֙[the].headpredicateאֵֽיןthere.[is].notprepositional phrase · prepositionalבּ֣inוֹitsubjectמְתֹ֔םsoundnessclausenoun phrase · subjectפֶּ֥צַעbruise[s]וְandחַבּוּרָ֖הwelt[s]וּandnoun phraseמַכָּ֣הwound[s]טְרִיָּ֑הfreshclauseclauseadverbialלֹאnotverbזֹ֨רוּ֙they.have.been.pressed.outוְandclauseadverbialלֹ֣אnotverbחֻבָּ֔שׁוּthey.have.been.bound.upוְandclauseadverbialלֹ֥אnotverbרֻכְּכָ֖הit.has.been.softenedprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּwithnoun phrase(the)שָּֽׁמֶןoil

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text (MT) of Isaiah 1:6 presents a complete and coherent verse, stating that from the sole of the foot to the head, there is no soundness, only wounds and sores that are untreated. The Dead Sea Scrolls (1Qisaa) closely align with the MT, sharing nearly identical wording, while 4Q56 and Mur3 contain partial restorations and editorial supplements but also maintain the core message. The Septuagint does not provide a full text for comparison but matches 12 of the 18 words in terms of correspondence, indicating some agreement with the MT. Overall, the primary witnesses largely agree with the MT, affirming the description of physical ailments without significant textual variation.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

מִכַּף־ רֶ֤גֶל וְעַד־ רֹאשׁ֙ אֵֽין־ בּ֣וֹ מְתֹ֔ם פֶּ֥צַע וְחַבּוּרָ֖ה וּמַכָּ֣ה טְרִיָּ֑ה לֹא־ זֹ֙רוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א חֻבָּ֔שׁוּ וְלֹ֥א רֻכְּכָ֖ה בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
מִכַּף־ἀπὸרֶ֤גֶלποδῶνוְעַד־ἕωςרֹאשׁ֙κεφαλῆςאֵֽין־οὔτεפֶּ֥צַעτραῦμαוְחַבּוּרָ֖הμώλωψוּמַכָּ֣הπληγὴטְרִיָּ֑הφλεγμαίνουσαלֹא־οὐκוְלֹ֣אοὔτεוְלֹ֥אοὔτε

12 of the 18 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaaa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

מכפ רגל ועד רואש אין ב׳ו מתם פצע וחבורה ומכה טריה לוא זרו ולוא חובשו ולוא רככה בשםן

18 words on the leather.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q56a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[מכף] [רגל] [ועד] [ראש] [אין] [ב׳ו] [מתם] [פצע] [וחברה] ומכה [טריה] [לא] [זרו] [ולא] [חבשו] [ולא] [רככה] [בשמן]

nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 17 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — Mur3a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[מכף] [רגל] [ועד] ראש אין ב׳ו [מתם] [פצע] [וחבורה] [ומכה] טריה לא זרו [ולא] [חבשו] [ולא] [רככה] בשמן

3 words on the leather — 4 partly restored, 11 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q63a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[מכף] [רגל] [ועד] [ראש] [אין] [ב׳ו] מתם פצע [וחבורה] [ומכה] [טריה] [לא] [זרו] [ולא] [חבשו]

15 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 13 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Isaiah 1:6כַּףfrom [the] from [the] soleכַּףרֶ֫גֶל[the] foot[the] footרֶ֫גֶלעַדand toand toעַדרֹאשׁ[the] head[the] headרֹאשׁאַ֫יִןthere notthere notאַ֫יִןוֹin itin itוֹמְתֹם[is] soundn[is] soundnessמְתֹםפֶּ֫צַעbruise[s]bruise[s]פֶּ֫צַעחַבּוּרָהand welt[s]and welt[s]חַבּוּרָהמַכָּהand wound[sand wound[s]מַכָּהטָרִיfreshfreshטָרִילֹאnotnotלֹאזוּרthey have bthey have been זוּרלֹאand notand notלֹאחָבַשׁthey have bthey have been חָבַשׁלֹאand notand notלֹארָכַךְit has beenit has been sofרָכַךְשֶׁ֫מֶןwith oilwith oilשֶׁ֫מֶןכָּפַףto bendto bendכָּפַףרָגַלto spyto spyרָגַלתָּמַםto finishto finishתָּמַםפָּצַעto woundto woundפָּצַעחָבַרto uniteto uniteחָבַרנָכָהto smiteto smiteנָכָהשָׁמֵןto grow fato grow fatשָׁמֵןעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדאַ֫יִןwhere?where?אַ֫יִןצוֹקdistressdistressצוֹקיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדפָּרַשׂto spreadto spreadפָּרַשׂרֶ֫גֶלfootfootרֶ֫גֶלבֹּ֫הֶןthumb/big thumb/big toeבֹּ֫הֶןיְמָנִיrightrightיְמָנִימָתַיhowhowמָתַיעֶ֫רֶבeveningeveningעֶ֫רֶב
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 1:6

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
מִכַּף־mi.kaf- from [the] sole of H3709 Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct
193× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to the palm of the hand, like in Exodus 29 where it describes the priest's hands being filled with offerings. It can also symbolize power or strength, like in Psalm 16. It's about the hand or its shape.
Amplified meaning
bottom, base
Tyndale gloss
palm
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כַּף (kaph) refers to the hollow or flat part of the hand, including the palm and the sole of the foot. It can also denote power and is used to describe various hollow objects, such as bowls or handles. The word encompasses a range of meanings related to the shape and function of hands and feet, as well as items that are hand-shaped.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כַּף 192 n.f. hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, hand

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3709 כַּף hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, hand

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3709 kaph kaf

from 3721; the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an

animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling,

the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree);

figuratively, power:--branch, + foot, hand((-ful), -dle,

(-led)), hollow, middle, palm, paw, power, sole, spoon.

see HEBREW for 03721

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כַּף (kaph) — palm.

: palm/hand

1) palm, hand, sole, palm of the hand, hollow or flat of the hand

1a) palm, hollow or flat of the hand

1b) power

1c) sole (of the foot)

1d) hollow, objects, bending objects, bent objects

1d1) of thigh-joint

1d2) pan, vessel (as hollow)

1d3) hollow (of sling)

1d4) hand-shaped branches or fronds (of palm trees)

1d5) handles (as bent)

כַּף (kaph) — palm: sole.

: sole/paw

1) palm, hand, sole, palm of the hand, hollow or flat of the hand

1a) palm, hollow or flat of the hand

1b) power

1c) sole (of the foot)

1d) hollow, objects, bending objects, bent objects

1d1) of thigh-joint

1d2) pan, vessel (as hollow)

1d3) hollow (of sling)

1d4) hand-shaped branches or fronds (of palm trees)

1d5) handles (as bent)

כַּף (kaph) — palm: dish.

: dish/socket

1) palm, hand, sole, palm of the hand, hollow or flat of the hand

1a) palm, hollow or flat of the hand

1b) power

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct
HR/Ncfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
רֶ֤גֶלRe.gel [the] foot H7272 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
247× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word also means a foot, like when God says he will tread on the wicked in Malachi 4:3. It's used to describe human and animal feet, as well as the base of objects like tables or idols.
Tyndale gloss
foot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֶ֫גֶל (regel) means 'foot' and can refer to a foot or leg in various contexts, including anthropomorphic references to God and other beings. It also implies steps or paces. The word is derived from a root meaning related to walking, and it appears in multiple forms, such as feet and paces.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֶ֫גֶל 247 n.f. foot

foot

three times (feet, paces)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7272 רֶ֫גֶל foot . foot

. three times (feet, paces)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7272 regel reh'-gel

from 7270; a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a

step; by euphem. the pudenda:--X be able to endure, X

according as, X after, X coming, X follow,

((broken-))foot((-ed, -stool)), X great toe, X haunt, X

journey, leg, + piss, + possession, time.

see HEBREW for 07270

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֶ֫גֶל (re.gel) — foot.

1) foot

1a) foot, leg

1b) of God (anthropomorphic)

1c) of seraphim, cherubim, idols, animals, table

1d) according to the pace of (with prep)

1e) three times (feet, paces)

Aramaic equivalent: re.gal (רְגַל "foot" H7271)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

foot (reghel, qarcol (only twice in parallel passages: 2Sa 22:37 = Ps 18:36, where it probably means ankle); pous): The dusty roads of Palestine and other eastern lands make a much greater care of the feet necessary than we are accustomed to bestow upon them. The absence of socks or stockings, the use of sandals and low shoes rather than boots and, to an even greater degree, the frequent habit of walking barefoot make it necessary to wash the feet repeatedly every day. This is always done when entering the house, especially the better upper rooms which are usually carpeted. It is a common dictate of good manners to perform this duty to a visitor, either personally or through a servant; at least water for washing has to be presented (

The expressions in De 32:35, "their foot shall slide in due time," and in the traveler’s song, Ps 121:3, "he will not suffer thy foot to be moved," Ps 66:9 Jer 13:16, have reference to the dangerous character of the narrow roads or paths of the East, over rocks and beside precipices where a sliding foot was often fatal. See also Isa 8:14 Lu 2:34. Nakedness of feet was a sign of mourning. God says to Ezekiel, "Make no mourning for the dead, and put on thy shoes upon thy feet," Eze 24:17. It was likewise a mark of…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Washing the feet of the disciples by Jesus Joh 13:4-6

→ By disciples 1Ti 5:10

→ See ABLUTIONS

→ See PURIFICATIONS

→ For footwear, see SHOE

→ FIGURATIVE Mt 18:8

from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
וְעַד־ve.'ad- and to H5704 Conjunction · preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Amplified meaning
crown, highest point
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · preposition
HC/R
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
רֹאשׁ֙roSh [the] head H7218 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
600× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means chief or prince, and is used to describe leaders in the Bible, such as in the book of 1 Samuel. It signifies a position of authority and importance.
Tyndale gloss
head
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֹאשׁ (ro'sh) means 'head' and encompasses various meanings related to position and rank. It can refer to the head of a person or animal, the top of a mountain, or a chief in various contexts, such as a city or nation. The word also signifies beginnings and sums, appearing in phrases related to enumeration. Additionally, it serves as a proper noun for 'Rosh,' a title for a chief or prince.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֹאשׁ 599 n.m.

(c. 230 t.) head, of human being

head, of animals

top (88 t.)

height, of stars

head = chief (man)

= chief (city)

chief nation

= chief (place, position)

= chief priest

= head of a family

head = front, leader's place

of time, beginning, of night watch

of things, river-heads

chief, choicest, best, of spices

head = division of army, company, band

= sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

other phr.

base

רֹאשׁ n.pr.gent. Rôsh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7218a רֹאשׁ . . (c. 230 t.) head, of human being

. head, of animals

. . top (88 t.)

. height, of stars

. . head = chief (man)

. = chief (city)

. chief nation

. = chief (place, position)

. = chief priest

. = head of a family

. . head = front, leader's place

. of time, beginning, of night watch

. of things, river-heads

. chief, choicest, best, of spices

. head = division of army, company, band

. = sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

. other phr.

H7218b רֹאשׁ n. pr. gent. Rôsh

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7218 ro'sh roshe

from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as

most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many

applications, of place, time, rank, itc.):--band, beginning,

captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company,

end, X every (man), excellent, first, forefront, ((be-))head,

height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), X lead, X poor,

principal, ruler, sum, top.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head.

: head

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — prince.

Rosh, a tite for a chief or prince

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: leader.

: leader

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: top.

: top/best

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hed (ro'-sh, Aramaic re'sh, and in special sense gulgoleth, literally, "skull," "cut-off head" (1Ch 10:10), whence Golgotha (Mt 27:33; Mr 15:22; Joh 19:17); mera'ashah, literally, "head-rest," "pillow," "bolster" (1Ki 19:6); qodhqodh, literally, crown of the head (De 28:35; 33:16,20; 2Sa 14:25; Isa 3:17; Jer 48:45); barzel, "the head of an axe" (De…

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- The uppermost and chief member of the body

Isa 1:6; 2Ki 6:31

- All the other members necessary to

1Co 12:21

- The body supported and supplied by

Eph 4:16

- Put for the whole person

Ge 49:26; Pr 10:6

- Put for the life

Da 1:10; 1Sa 28:2

- PARTS OF MENTIONED

. The skull

2Ki 9:35; Mt 27:33

. The crown

from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
אֵֽין־'ein- there not H369 Noun common · masculine singular construct
789× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means nothing or not, often used to indicate the absence of something, as in Genesis 1:2 where the earth was without form. It emphasizes the idea of something lacking or non-existent.
Tyndale gloss
nothing
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַ֫יִן (ayin) primarily means 'nothing' or 'nought' and serves as a negative particle indicating absence or negation, such as 'is not' or 'there is not.' It can also express lack of possession or existence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be non-existent, and it appears frequently in various grammatical constructions.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought

to nothing, as nothing

cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not

אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not

in circumst. clauses

with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …

with prefixes

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H369 אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought . to nothing, as nothing

. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not

. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not

. in circumst. clauses

. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …

. with prefixes

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

369 'ayin ah'-yin

as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not

exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative

particle:--else, except, fail, (father-)less, be gone,

in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any,

thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable),

well-nigh, without. Compare 370.

see HEBREW for 0370

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַ֫יִן (a.yin) — nothing.

1) nothing, not, nought n

1a) nothing, nought neg

1b) not

1c) to have not (of possession) adv

1d) without w/prep

1e) for lack of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
בּ֣וֹbo in it H9033 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

וֹ (o) — him.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3ms
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
מְתֹ֔םme.Tom [is] soundness H4974 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means 'soundness' or 'completeness', describing something that is whole or healthy, like in Proverbs when talking about a sound mind.
Amplified meaning
wholeness, completeness, health
Tyndale gloss
soundness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מְתֹם (methom) refers to soundness or wholesomeness, indicating a state of being complete or entire. It is derived from the root word associated with completeness and is used in contexts that emphasize integrity or wholeness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מְתֹם n.[m.] soundness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4974 מְתֹם soundness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4974 mthom meth-ohm'

from 8552; wholesomeness; also (adverb) completely:--men (by

reading 4962), soundness.

see HEBREW for 08552

see HEBREW for 04962

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מְתֹם (me.tom) — soundness.

soundness, entirety, entire

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
פֶּ֥צַעPe.tza' bruise[s] H6482 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a wound or bruise, often referring to physical harm. It appears in various KJV translations as wound or wounding. In biblical context, it describes an injury or hurt.
Amplified meaning
bruises, injuries
Tyndale gloss
wound
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פֶּ֫צַע (petsah) refers to a bruise or wound. It is derived from the root word for 'wound' and is consistently used in this context across the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֶּ֫צַע n.m. bruise, wound

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6482 פֶּ֫צַע bruise, wound

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6482 petsa` peh'-tsah

from 6481; a wound:--wound(-ing).

see HEBREW for 06481

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֶּ֫צַע (pe.tsa) — wound.

bruise, wound

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
וְחַבּוּרָ֖הve.cha.bu.Rah and welt[s] H2250 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A wound or bruise is a hurtful mark on the body, like the stripes on Jesus' back after He was beaten. The prophet Isaiah describes the wounds of the Messiah in his writings.
Amplified meaning
swellings, sores
Tyndale gloss
wound
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חַבּוּרָה (chabbuwrah) refers to a stripe, blow, or wound, typically indicating a mark left by injury, such as a bruise. It is derived from a root meaning 'to bind' and covers concepts of hurt or injury. The term is noted in various contexts, but no specific verse is mentioned in the entries.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חַבּוּרָה, [חַבֻּרָה, חַבֻרָה] n.f. stripe, blow

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2250 חַבּוּרָה, חַבֻּרָה, חַבֻרָה stripe, blow

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2250 chabbuwrah khab-boo-raw'

or chabburah {khab-boo-raw'}; or chaburah {khab-oo-raw'};

from 2266; properly, bound (with stripes), i.e. a weal (or

black-and-blue mark itself):--blueness, bruise, hurt, stripe,

wound.

see HEBREW for 02266

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חַבּוּרָה (chab.bu.rah) — wound.

bruise, stripe, wound, blow

Aramaic equivalent: cha.vu.lah (חֲבוּלָא "crime" H2248)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Ncfsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
וּמַכָּ֣הu.ma.Kah and wound[s] H4347 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
48× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A wound or blow, also referring to carnage, pestilence, or defeat. It can describe physical harm, like a beating, or widespread suffering, like a plague.
Amplified meaning
open wounds, painful lesions
Tyndale gloss
wound
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַכָּה (makkah) refers to a blow or wound, encompassing meanings such as slaughter and pestilence. It is derived from a root meaning to strike and can imply defeat or conquest. The term appears in contexts like 2 Chronicles 2:10, where it relates to a physical blow, and can also refer to figurative concepts like carnage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מַכָּה n.f. blow, wound, slaughter

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4347 מַכָּה blow, wound, slaughter

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4347 makkah mak-kaw'

or (masculine) makkeh {muk-keh'}; (plural only) from 5221; a

blow (in 2 Chronicles 2:10, of the flail); by implication, a

wound; figuratively, carnage, also pestilence:--beaten, blow,

plague, slaughter, smote, X sore, stripe, stroke,

wound((-ed)).

see HEBREW for 05221

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַכָּה (mak.kah) — wound.

1) blow, wound, slaughter

1a) blow, stripe

1b) beating, scourging

1c) wound

1d) slaughter

1e) defeat, conquest

1f) plague

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Ncfsa
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
טְרִיָּ֑הte.ri.Yah fresh H2961 Adj
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word describes something as fresh or new, like a recently made product. It can also mean dripping with liquid, emphasizing its recent creation. The KJV translates it as new or putrefying.
Amplified meaning
putrifying, infected
Tyndale gloss
fresh
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טָרִי (tariy) means 'fresh' and is derived from an unused root that suggests a state of being moist or dripping. The term encompasses meanings related to freshness and newness, and it appears in contexts that imply something recently made or putrefying.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[טָרִי] adj. fresh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2961 טָרִי fresh

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2961 tariy taw-ree'

from an unused root apparently meaning to be moist; properly,

dripping; hence, fresh (i.e. recently made such):--new,

putrefying.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טָרִי (ta.ri) — fresh.

fresh, new

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAafsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

Adj.:

The translation of hadhash, "new," "fresh" (Job 29:20, "My glory is fresh in me"); of leshadh, "sap," "moisture" (Nu 11:8, of the manna, "as the taste of fresh oil," the Revised Version, margin "cakes baked with oil"); of ra`anan, "to be fresh and green" (Ps 92:10, "fresh oil"); of glukus, "sweet" (Jas 3:12, "salt water and fresh," the Revised Version (British and American) "sweet"). Fresher is the translation of rutaphash, "to become fresh" (Job 33:25; "His flesh shall be fresher than a child's").

from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
לֹא־lo'- not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
זֹ֙רוּ֙zo.ru they have been pressed out H2115 Verb · Pual · perfect third person common plural
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to press or crush something, like when the Israelites were oppressed by the Egyptians in Exodus 1. It can also mean to close up or squeeze, like when a wound is closed, as described in the story of the wounded man in Luke 10.
Amplified meaning
purified, healed
Tyndale gloss
to crush
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זוּר (zuwr) is a primitive root meaning to press down and out, or to crush. It encompasses actions like pressing, squeezing, and tightening, and can also refer to closing up, such as a wound. The entries consistently highlight its physical connotations without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[זוּר] vb. press down and out

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2115 זוּר press down and out

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2115 zuwr zoor

a primitive root (compare 6695); to press together,

&Š tighten:--close, rush, thrust together.

see HEBREW for 06695

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זוּר (zur) — to crush.

1) (Qal) to press, squeeze, crush, press down and out

1a) to close up (of a wound)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Q-Perf-3cp — Verb · Pual · perfect third person common plural
HVPp3cp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
וְלֹ֣אve.Lo' and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
חֻבָּ֔שׁוּchu.Ba.shu they have been bound up H2280 Verb · Pual · perfect third person common plural
33× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to tie or bind something firmly, like a turban or a saddle. It is also used figuratively to mean stopping or ruling something. In 1 Kings 20:12, it describes the binding of a wound.
Amplified meaning
bound up, covered
Tyndale gloss
to saddle/tie
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָבַשׁ (chabash) is a Hebrew verb meaning to bind, tie, or saddle. It covers a range of actions from physically binding something up to metaphorically governing or restraining. The word appears in various forms, including Qal (to bind) and Piel (to restrain). The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to binding and governance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[חָבַשׁ] vb. bind, bind on, bind up

Qal

bind, bind on

bind up

Pi. bind, restrain

Pu. be bound up

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2280 חָבַשׁ bind, bind on, bind up

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2280 chabash khaw-bash'

a primitive root; to wrap firmly (especially a turban,

compress, or saddle); figuratively, to stop, to rule:--bind

(up), gird about, govern, healer, put, saddle, wrap about.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָבַשׁ (cha.vash) — to saddle/tie.

1) to tie, bind, bind on, bind up, saddle, restrain, bandage, govern

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to bind, bind on

1a2) to bind up

1b) (Piel) to bind, restrain

1c) (Pual) to be bound up

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Pual-Perf-3cp — Verb · Pual · perfect third person common plural
HVPp3cp
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
וְלֹ֥אve.Lo' and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
רֻכְּכָ֖הru.ke.Khah it has been softened H7401 Verb · Pual · perfect third person feminine singular
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To be tender means to be soft or weak, often describing a heart that is penitent or fearful. In the Bible, it is used to describe a person who is timid or soft-hearted. The KJV translates it as faint-hearted or soft.
Amplified meaning
mollified, comforted
Tyndale gloss
be tender
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָכַךְ (rakak) means to be tender, weak, or soft. It can describe a tender heart, timidity, or soft words, and can also imply causing someone to be weak. The entries suggest a range of meanings from emotional softness to physical gentleness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָכַךְ] vb. be tender, weak, soft

Qal

be tender, weak, of heart

be soft, of treacherous words

Pu. it has not been softened, mollified, with oil

Hiph. causat. of Qal 1 a.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7401 רָכַךְ be tender, weak, soft

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7401 rakak raw-kak'

a primitive root; to soften (intransitively or transitively),

used figuratively:--(be) faint((-hearted)), mollify, (be,

make) soft(-er), be tender.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָכַךְ (ra.khakh) — be tender.

1) to be tender, be soft, be weak

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be tender, be weak (of heart)

1a1a) to be timid, be fearful

1a1b) to be softened, be penitent

1a2) to be soft (of treacherous words)

1b) (Pual) to be softened

1c) (Hiphil) to cause to be weak

1d) (Niphal) tender

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Pual-Perf-3fs — Verb · Pual · perfect third person feminine singular
HVPp3fs
from [the] sole of [the] foot and to [the] head there not in it [is] soundness bruise[s] and welt[s] and wound[s] fresh not they have been pressed out and not they have been bound up and not it has been softened with oil
בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃ba.Sha.men with oil H8081 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
193× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for oil, often referring to olive oil, which was highly valued in ancient times. It symbolizes richness, anointing, and healing, and is used in various biblical contexts, including rituals and medicinal practices.
Amplified meaning
olive oil
Tyndale gloss
oil
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֶׁ֫מֶן (shemen) refers to fat or oil, particularly olive oil, and includes meanings related to richness and anointing. It is derived from the root word for grease and can also metaphorically describe fertile land. The entries consistently highlight its use in contexts like medicinal applications and anointing.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֶׁ֫מֶן 192 n.m. fat, oil

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8081 שֶׁ֫מֶן fat, oil

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8081 shemen sheh'-men

from 8080; grease, especially liquid (as from the olive,

often perfumed); figuratively, richness:--anointing, X fat

(things), X fruitful, oil((-ed)), ointment, olive, + pine.

see HEBREW for 08080

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֶׁ֫מֶן (she.men) — oil.

1) fat, oil

1a) fat, fatness

1b) oil, olive oil

1b1) as staple, medicament or unguent

1b2) for anointing

1c) fat (of fruitful land, valleys) (metaph)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HRd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

oil (shemen; elaion):

1. Terms

2. Production and Storage

3. Uses

(1) As a Commodity of Exchange

(2) As a Cosmetic

(3) As a Medicine

(4) As a Food

(5) As an Illuminant

(6) In Religious Rites

(a) Consecration

(b) Offerings

(c) Burials

4. Figurative Uses

Shemen, literally, "fat," corresponds to the common Arabic senin of similar meaning, although now applied to boiled butter fat.

1. Terms:

Another Hebrew word, zayith (zeth), "olive," occurs with shemen in several passages (Ex 27:20; 30:24; Le 24:2). The corresponding Arabic zeit, a contraction of zeitun, which is the name for the olive tree as well as the fruit, is now applied to oils in general, to distinguish them from solid fats. Zeit usually means olive oil, unless some qualifying name indicates another oil. A corresponding use was made of…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Oil

Only olive oil seems to have been used among the Hebrews. It was used for many purposes: for anointing the body or the hair (Ex. 29:7; 2 Sam. 14:2; Ps. 23:5; 92:10; 104:15; Luke 7:46); in some of the offerings (Ex. 29:40; Lev. 7:12; Num. 6:15; 15:4), but was excluded from the sin-offering (Lev. 5:11) and the jealousy-offering (Num. 5:15); for burning in lamps (

Was employed from the earliest periods in the east, not only for the purpose of consecration, but to anoint the head, the beard, and the whole person in daily life, Ge 28:18. See ANOINTING. It was also universally used for food, Eze 16:13. Fresh and sweet olive oil was greatly preferred to butter and animal fat as a seasoning for food, and to this day in Syria almost every kind of food is cooked with oil. It had a place also among the meat-offerings in the temple, being usually mixed with the meal of the oblation, Le 5:11 6:21. For lamps, also, pure olive oil was regarded as the best, and was used in illuminating the tabernacle. These many uses for oil made the culture of the olive-tree an extensive and lucrative business,

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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