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Isaiah 16:9 — Word Study

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WLCעַל־ כֵּ֡ן אֶבְכֶּ֞ה בִּבְכִ֤י יַעְזֵר֙ גֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֔ה אֲרַיָּ֙וֶךְ֙ דִּמְעָתִ֔י חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן וְאֶלְעָלֵ֑ה כִּ֧י עַל־ קֵיצֵ֛ךְ וְעַל־ קְצִירֵ֖ךְ הֵידָ֥ד נָפָֽל׃

BSASoʻal I weepbâkâh [with deep sorrow, mourn] with JazerYaʻăzêyr [a city east of the Jordan] for the vinesgephen [grapevines] of SibmahSᵉbâm I drenchrâvâh [water, quench] HeshbonCheshbôwn [a city east of the Jordan] and ElealehʼElʻâlêʼ [a village of the Reubenites] with my tearsdimʻâh [drops of liquid, expression of grief] Triumphant shoutshêydâd [loud cheers, joyful acclaim] have fallen silentnâphal [ceased, stopped] overʻal your summer fruitqayits [harvest season, ripe produce] and your harvestqâtsîyr [time of gathering, crop]

Word
Listen & take awayIsaiah 16
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 9 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (na.Fal) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Isaiah 16:9quick helps
In a sentenceThe speaker expresses deep sorrow for the loss of the vineyards and the silence of joy in the land.
Who is speakingThe speaker is a lamenting figure, possibly a prophet, mourning for Jazer and the surrounding areas.
Where we areThis verse is situated in a lament for Moab, highlighting the devastation of its agricultural wealth.
The hard wordשִׂבְמָ֔ה
Take awayThe joy of harvest has ceased, and mourning has taken its place.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectהֵידָד verbבָּכָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Isaiah 16:9

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Lament for Moabgenerated

8For the fields of Heshbon have withered, along with the grapevines of Sibmah. The rulers of the nations have trampled its choicest vines, which had reached as far as Jazer and spread toward the desert. Their shoots had spread out and passed over the sea.
9So I weep with Jazer for the vines of Sibmah; I drench Heshbon and Elealeh with my tears. Triumphant shouts have fallen silent over your summer fruit and your harvest.
10Joy and gladness are removed from the orchard; no one sings or shouts in the vineyards. No one tramples the grapes in the winepresses; I have put an end to the cheering.
11Therefore my heart laments for Moab like a harp, my inmost being for Kir-heres.

Isaiah 16:9 depicts a poignant scene of mourning, where the speaker weeps for the vineyards of Sibmah and the cities of Heshbon and Elealeh. This lamentation reflects the broader desolation that has befallen Moab, as joyous celebrations have turned into silence. The surrounding verses emphasize the destruction of the land's agricultural bounty, which is a significant aspect of its identity and prosperity.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Isaiah 15:5My heart cries out over Moab; her fugitives flee as far as Zoar, as far as Eglath-shelishiyah. With weeping they ascend the slope of Luhith; they lament their destruction on the road to Horonaim.
2Jeremiah 48:32–34I will weep for you, O vine of Sibmah, more than I weep for Jazer. Your tendrils have extended to the sea; they reach even to Jazer. The destroyer has descended on your summer fruit and grape harvest.
3Isaiah 15:4Heshbon and Elealeh cry out; their voices are heard as far as Jahaz. Therefore the soldiers of Moab cry out; their souls tremble within.
4Isaiah 9:3You have enlarged the nation and increased its joy. The people rejoice before You as they rejoice at harvest time, as men rejoice in dividing the plunder.
5Judges 9:27And after they had gone out into the fields, gathered grapes from their vineyards, and trodden them, they held a festival and went into the house of their god; and as they ate and drank, they cursed Abimelech.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

O HeshbonIsaiah 15:4

The Key Word אֶבְכֶּ֞ה, 'ev.Kehgenerated

The verb בָּכָה (*bakah*) means 'to weep' and is used here in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing action of mourning. This form suggests that the speaker's grief is not a momentary feeling but a continuous expression of sorrow.

Weeping in the biblical context often signifies deep emotional distress, reflecting the gravity of the situation in Moab. The act of weeping is connected to loss and lamentation, making it a powerful expression of the speaker's emotional state.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In this study, the verse is presented in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses weep for אֶבְכֶּ֞ה and drench for אֲרַיָּ֙וֶךְ֙.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains a main clause introduced by the conjunction כֵּ֡ן (*ken*), which sets the tone for the lament. The structure is built around the speaker's emotional response, with several phrases detailing the subjects of mourning, including the vineyards and the cities.

The finite verb אֶבְכֶּ֞ה (*I weep*) governs the emotional tone, while subsequent phrases elaborate on the reasons for this grief, emphasizing the loss of joy and abundance in the land.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates אֶבְכֶּ֞ה as κλαύσομαι, which carries a similar meaning of weeping but may imply a more personal or intense lament. This choice indicates a continuity in the expression of sorrow across the translations.

The Greek rendering of שִׂבְמָ֔ה as σεβαμα suggests a direct correspondence to the Hebrew, maintaining the focus on the location and its significance.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Isaiah 16:9 shows a speaker mourning for the vineyards of Sibmah and the cities of Heshbon and Elealeh. They express sorrow through weeping, highlighting the loss of joy and the silence that has replaced the once vibrant harvest celebrations.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the speaker mean by weeping for Jazer?

The speaker is expressing deep sorrow for the loss of the vineyards and the joy that has been taken away from the land.

Why are the cities of Heshbon and Elealeh mentioned?

These cities are significant locations in the region, and their mention emphasizes the extent of the devastation affecting the area.

What is the significance of the summer fruit and harvest?

The summer fruit and harvest represent abundance and prosperity, which have now turned into mourning due to the destruction.

How does this verse connect to the overall theme of lament in Isaiah?

This verse reflects the broader theme of lament in Isaiah, where the prophet often mourns the loss of Israel's prosperity and the consequences of their actions.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I express sorrow for losses in my life or the lives of others?
  2. How can I find ways to support those who are grieving in my community?
  3. What does this passage teach me about the importance of acknowledging grief?
  4. How can I cultivate joy in my life, even amidst difficult circumstances?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentators like Jerome reference this lament to illustrate the consequences of sin and the sorrow it brings to the land and its people.

JeromeVerses 9, 10. c. 347–420
The scourges of the Lord have fallen upon the nations: they have reached even to Jazer. They have wandered in the desert: their branches have been left behind: they have crossed the sea.
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 16 →
JeromeVerse 9 c. 347–420
Over this I will weep, in lamentation for Jazer, the vineyard of Sabama: my tears will make you drunk, O Esebon and Eleale.
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 16 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Isaiah 16:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah,.... That is, bewail the one, as he had done the other, both places with the fruits about them being destroyed by the enemy; or

Read John Gill on Isaiah 16 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for the shouting for thy summer fruits and for thy harvest is fallen.

Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 16 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: so the sense is, I will bewail Sibmah as I did bewail Jazer, which, they say, was destroyed before Sibmah: or, the weeping of Jazer might be a proverbial expression; for it is used also , like that of the mourning of Hadadrimmon, , though the reason of it be now unknown, as it is in many other proverbs. The words are by others rendered, and that more agreeably to the Hebrew text, I will bewail with weeping (which is a usual Hebraism for I will bitterly bewail) Jazer, and (which particle is oft understood) the vine of Sibmah. But our translation seems to be justified by the parallel place, , where it is, O vine of Sibmah, I will…

Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 16 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Isaiah 16:9 Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for the shouting for thy summer fruits and for thy harvest is fallen.Ver. 9. Therefore I will bewail with the weeping.] Defleo fletum (Paronomasia), that is, the misery of Jazer; or, I will with weeping bewail Jazer, and the vine of Sibmah. For the shouting for thy summer fruits,] i.e., Thy joy and jollity over thy summer fruits, and over thine harvest, expressed by songs and shouts, do now fail and cease.

Read John Trapp on Isaiah 16 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(9) Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer . . .—The prophet, in his sympathy with the sufferings of Moab (see Isaiah 15:5), declares that he will weep with tears as genuine as those of Jazer itself over the desolation of its vineyards. The shouting for thy summer fruits . . .—Better, as in the margin, on thy summer-fruits, and on thy harvest a shout is fallen, i.e., not the song of the vintage gatherers and the reapers, but the cry of the enemy as they trample on the fields and vineyards. The force of the contrast is emphasised, as in Jeremiah 48:33 (“a cheer which is no cheer,” Cheyne), by the use of the same word (hedad) as that which in the next verse is employed for the song…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 16 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 9. With the weeping - "As with the weeping"] For בבכי bibechi, a MS. reads בכי bechi. In Jeremiah 48:32, it is מבכי mibbechi. The Septuagint read כבכי kibeki, as with weeping, which I follow. For thy summer fruits and for thy harvest is fallen - "And upon thy vintage the destroyer hath fallen."] ועל קצירך הידד נפל veal ketsirech heidad naphal. In these few words there are two great mistakes, which the text of Jer 48:32 rectifies. For קצירך ketsirech, it has בצירך betsirech; and for הידד heidad, שדד shoded; both which corrections the Chaldee in this place confirms. As to the first, "Hesebon and Eleale, and The flowery dale of Sibmah, clad with vines," were never celebrated for their…

Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 16 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

9–11. The poet gives vent to his sympathy for Moab. These verses are amongst the most beautiful in the poem.

Read Cambridge on Isaiah 16 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Therefore, I will bewail - So great is the desolation that I, the prophet, will lament it, though it belongs to another nation than mine own. The expression indicates that the calamity will be great (see the note at Isaiah 15:5).

Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 16 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

So I weep with Jazer for the vines of Sibmah; I drench Heshbon and Elealeh with my tears. Triumphant shouts have fallen silent over your summer fruit and your harvest.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Therefore I will weep with the weeping of Jazer for the vine of Sibmah. I will water you with my tears, Heshbon, and Elealeh: for on your summer fruits and on your harvest the battle shout has fallen.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

So I weep with Jazer for the vines of Sibmah; I drench Heshbon and Elealeh with my tears. Triumphant shouts have fallen silent over your summer fruit and your harvest.

NETBNew English Translation2006

So I weep along with Jazer over the vines of Sibmah. I will saturate you with my tears, Heshbon and Elealeh, for the conquering invaders shout triumphantly over your fruit and crops.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

¶ Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for the shouting for thy summer fruits and for thy harvest is fallen.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Therefore I will weep with the weeping of Jazer for the vine of Sibmah; I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for upon thy summer fruits and upon thy harvest the battle shout is fallen.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Therefore I will weep with the weeping of Jazer for the vine of Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for upon thy summer fruits and upon thy harvest the battle shout is fallen.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for the shouting for thy summer fruits and for thy harvest is fallen.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Therefore will I weepe with the weeping of Iaazer, and of the vine of Sibmah, O Heshbon: and Elealeh, I will make thee drunke with my teares, because vpon thy sommer fruits, and vpon thy haruest a showting is fallen.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Therefore I will weep with the weeping of Jaazer for the vine of Sibmah; with my tears will I water thee, Heshbon, and Elealeh, for a cry is fallen upon thy summer fruits and upon thy harvest.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Therefore I weep with the weeping of Jazer, The vine of Sibmah, I water thee [with] my tear, O Heshbon and Elealeh, For — for thy summer fruits, and for thy harvest, The shouting hath fallen.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Therefore I weep with the weeping of Jazer, || The vine of Sibmah, || I water you [with] my tear, || O Heshbon and Elealeh, || For—for your summer fruits, and for your harvest, || The shouting has fallen.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Therefore will I weep, when weeping for Ya'zer, for the vine of Sibmah: I will moisten thee richly with my tears, O Cheshbon, and El'aleh; for over [the gathering of] thy summer fruits and over thy harvest the battle-cry is fallen.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Indeed I will weep along with Jazer for the vineyard of Sibmah. I will water you with my tears, Heshbon, and Elealeh. For on your fields of summer fruits and harvest I have ended the shouts of joy.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Therefore I will lament with the weeping of Jazer the vineyard of Sabama: I will water thee with my tears, O Hesebon, and Eleale: for the voice of the treaders hath rushed in upon thy vintage, and upon thy harvest.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

So I cry with Jazer for Sibmah's vines; I soak Heshbon and Elealeh with my tears. Nobody shouts in celebration over your summer fruit and your harvest any more.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

For this cause my sorrow for the vine of Sibmah will be like the weeping for Jazer: my eyes are dropping water on you, O Heshbon and Elealeh! For they are sounding the war-cry over your summer fruits and the getting in of your grain;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

conjunction phraseprepositional phraseעַלthereforeכֵּ֡ןclauseverbאֶבְכֶּ֞הI.weepprepositional phrase · prepositionalבִּwithnoun phraseבְכִ֤יthe.weepingיַעְזֵר֙of.Jazernoun phrase · objectגֶּ֣פֶןthe.vine[s]שִׂבְמָ֔הof.Sibmahclauseclauseverbאֲרַיָּ֨וֶIobjectךְ֙water.you.abundantlynoun phrase · adverbialדִּמְעָתִ֔tear[s]יmyclausenoun phraseחֶשְׁבּ֖וֹןO.Heshbonוְandאֶלְעָלֵ֑הElealehכִּ֧י(dm)clauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseעַלonnoun phraseקֵיצֵ֛fruitךְyour.summerוְandprepositional phraseעַלonnoun phraseקְצִירֵ֖harvestךְyoursubjectהֵידָ֥דshoutingverbנָפָֽלit.has.fallen

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches 16 of the 18 words. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide partial agreements, with some words restored by editors, indicating a high degree of consistency in the core message of the verse.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

עַל־ כֵּ֡ן אֶבְכֶּ֞ה בִּבְכִ֤י יַעְזֵר֙ גֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֔ה אֲרַיָּ֙וֶךְ֙ דִּמְעָתִ֔י חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן וְאֶלְעָלֵ֑ה כִּ֧י עַל־ קֵיצֵ֛ךְ וְעַל־ קְצִירֵ֖ךְ הֵידָ֥ד נָפָֽל׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
עַל־διὰכֵּ֡ןτοῦτοאֶבְכֶּ֞הκλαύσομαιיַעְזֵר֙ιαζηρגֶּ֣פֶןἄμπελονשִׂבְמָ֔הσεβαμαאֲרַיָּ֙וֶךְ֙σουחֶשְׁבּ֖וֹןεσεβωνוְאֶלְעָלֵ֑הελεαληכִּ֧יὅτιעַל־ἐπὶקֵיצֵ֛ךְθερισμῷוְעַל־ἐπὶקְצִירֵ֖ךְσουהֵידָ֥דκαταπατήσωנָפָֽל׃πεσοῦνται

16 of the 18 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Q8a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

על כן אבכה בבכי יעזר [גפן] [שבמה] [אר׳ך] [דמעת׳י] [חשבון] [ואלעלה] [כי] [על] [קיצ׳ך] [ועל] [קציר׳ך] הידד נפל

6 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 11 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaaa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

ארזי׳ך דמעת׳י חשבון ואלעלה כיא לעל קיצ׳ך ועל קציר׳ך הידד נפל

11 words of the verse are on this fragment. The rest of the verse is not on it.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Isaiah 16:9עַלthere-there-עַלכֵּן-fore-foreכֵּןבָּכָהI weepI weepבָּכָהבְּכִיwith [the] with [the] weepבְּכִייַעְזֵרJazerJazerיַעְזֵרגֶּ֫פֶן[the] vine[[the] vine[s] oגֶּ֫פֶןשְׂבָםSibmahSibmahשְׂבָםרָוָהI water abuI water abundanרָוָהדִּמְעָהtear[s] mytear[s] myדִּמְעָהחֶשְׁבּוֹןO HeshbonO Heshbonחֶשְׁבּוֹןאֶלְעָלֵאand Elealehand Elealehאֶלְעָלֵאכִּיforforכִּיעַלononעַלקַ֫יִץsummer fruisummer fruit yoקַ֫יִץעַלand onand onעַלקָצִירharvest youharvest yourקָצִירהֵידָדshoutingshoutingהֵידָדנָפַלit has fallit has fallenנָפַלעַלheightheightעַלבָּכָהto weepto weepבָּכָהכּוּןto establito establish: pכּוּןעָזַרto helpto helpעָזַרבֹּ֫שֶׂםspicespiceבֹּ֫שֶׂםאֵלgodgodאֵלקַ֫יִץto summerto summerקַ֫יִץקָצֵרbe shortbe shortקָצֵרדֶּ֫מַע[ ] (weepi[ ] (weeping, tדֶּ֫מַעחֶשְׁבּוֹןexplanatioexplanationחֶשְׁבּוֹןפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַלכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאבְּכִיweepingweepingבְּכִיכֹּהthusthusכֹּהאָדוֹןLordLordאָדוֹןלוּחִיתLuhithLuhithלוּחִיתמִסְפֵּדmourningmourningמִסְפֵּד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 16:9

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
עַל־'al- there- H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
כֵּ֡ןken -fore H3651 Adverb
771× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means 'so' or 'thus', often used to show agreement or confirmation, like in the book of Genesis. It can also mean 'rightly' or 'justly', as in doing something the correct way. It appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
Tyndale gloss
right
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word כֵּן (*ken*) is built from the root meaning 'set upright.' It functions as an adjective meaning 'right,' 'veritable,' or 'honest,' and as an adverb meaning 'so,' 'therefore,' or 'thus.' It appears in various contexts, often indicating manner or relation, and is used in phrases like 'forasmuch as.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest

right

veritable, true

pl. concr. honest (men)

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

כֵּן adv. so

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3651a כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest H3651b כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as H3651c כֵּן so

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3651 ken kane

from 3559; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as

adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction)

rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and

relation; often with other particles):--+ after that

(this, -ward, -wards), as ... as, + (for-)asmuch as yet, + be

(for which) cause, + following, howbeit, in (the) like

(manner, -wise), X the more, right, (even) so, state,

straightway, such (thing), surely, + there (where)-fore, this,

thus, true, well, X you.

see HEBREW for 03559

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֵּן (ken) — right.

adv

adj

1) right, just, honest, true, veritable

1a) right, just, honest

1b) correct

1c) true, veritable

[כִּי עַל] כֵּן ([ki al] ken) — as.

adv

forasmuch as, since

כֵּן (ken) — so.

adv

1) so, therefore, thus

1a) thus, so

1b) just so

1c) therefore

1d) so...as (paired with adv)

1e) then

1f) forasmuch as (in phrase)

1g) (with prep)

1g1) therefore, this being so (specific)

1g2) hitherto

1g3) therefore, on this ground (general)

1g4) afterwards

1g5) in such case

Aramaic equivalent: ken (כֵּן "thus" H3652)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HD — Adverb
HD
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
אֶבְכֶּ֞ה'ev.Keh I weep H1058 Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
114× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To weep means to cry or shed tears, often in grief or sadness. In the Bible, weeping is a common expression of emotion, as seen in the stories of David and Jeremiah, who both wept bitterly in times of sorrow and repentance.
Amplified meaning
with deep sorrow, mourn
Tyndale gloss
to weep
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּכָה (bakah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to weep or bewail. It encompasses various forms of weeping, including expressions of grief, humiliation, or joy, and can denote lamentation or crying bitterly. The entries highlight its use in both the Qal and Piel stems, indicating different nuances of weeping.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּכָה 114 vb. weep, bewail

Qal

weep

weep bitterly

weep upon

bewail

in sense of burden, annoy with weeping

of penitent weeping

Pi. lament; bewail

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1058 בָּכָה weep, bewail

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1058 bakah baw-kaw'

a primitive root; to weep; generally to bemoan:--X at all,

bewail, complain, make lamentation, X more, mourn, X sore, X

with tears, weep.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּכָה (ba.khah) — to weep.

1) to weep, bewail, cry, shed tears

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to weep (in grief, humiliation, or joy)

1a2) to weep bitterly (with cognate acc.)

1a3) to weep upon (embrace and weep)

1a4) to bewail

1b) (Piel) participle

1b1) lamenting

1b2) bewailing

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-1cs — Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
HVqi1cs
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
בִּבְכִ֤יbiv.Khi with [the] weeping of H1065 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means weeping or crying, and is used to describe a strong emotional response, such as overflowing tears or continual sorrow. It is often used in the Bible to describe a time of mourning.
Tyndale gloss
weeping
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word בְּכִי (*bkiy*) means 'weeping' and is derived from a root that suggests a sense of dripping or overflowing. It covers the concept of continual weeping or sorrow. The entries consistently define it as a noun related to the act of weeping.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בְּכִי n.m. weeping

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1065 בְּכִי weeping

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1065 Bkiy bek-ee'

from 1058; a weeping; by analogy, a dripping:--overflowing,

X sore, (continual) weeping, wept.

see HEBREW for 01058

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בְּכִי (be.khi) — weeping.

a weeping, weeping

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmsc — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
יַעְזֵר֙ya'.Zer Jazer H3270 Noun proper
13× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Jazer was a city east of the Jordan River, in the territory of Gad, and was originally an Amorite city. The name Jazer means helped and it is mentioned in the Bible as a Levitical city.
Amplified meaning
a city east of the Jordan
Tyndale gloss
(Sea of) Jazer
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יַעְזֵר (Ya`azeyr) refers to Jazer or Jaazer, a location east of the Jordan River, associated with the tribe of Gad. The name is derived from a root meaning 'helpful.' It is noted as a Levitical city and was originally an Amorite city, though its exact site remains uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יַעְזֵר and יַעְזֵיר n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3270 יַעְזֵר and יַעְזֵיר E. of Jordan

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3270 Ya`azeyr yah-az-ayr'

or Yazer {yah-zare'}; from 5826; helpful; Jaazer or Jazer, a

place East of the Jordan:--Jaazer, Jazer.

see HEBREW for 05826

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יַעְזֵר (ya.a.zer) — Jazer.

§ Jazer or Jaazer = "helped"

a Levitical city east of the Jordan, in Gilead in the territory of Gad, formerly an Amorite city; site uncertain

יַעְזֵר (ya.a.zer) — (Sea of) Jazer.

§ Jazer or Jaazer = "helped"

a Levitical city east of the Jordan, in Gilead in the territory of Gad, formerly an Amorite city; site uncertain

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ja'-zer (ya`zer or ya`zeyr; Septuagint Iazen in Codex Alexandrinus; Iazer): In some cases, e.g. Nu 21:32, the King James Version reads "Jaazer." This was a city of the Amorites East of the Jordan taken, along with its towns, by Moses, and occupied by the tribe of Gad (Nu 21:32; 32:35). The country was very fertile, and its spacious pasture-lands attracted the flock-masters of Gad (Nu 32:1), the southern border of whose territory it marked (Jos 13:25). It was assigned to the Merarite Levites (Jos 21:39; 1Ch 6:81). The place was reached by Joab when taking the census…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(Jehovah helps). [JAAZER, OR JAZER]

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Or JAAZER, Nu 21:32, a city of the Amorites, in Gilead; afterwards a Levitical city in Gad. It lay some fifteen miles north of Heshbon, near a small stream, Nu 1:1-36:13 32:1 Jos 21:39 1Ch 26:31 Jer 48:32.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

assistance; helper

there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
גֶּ֣פֶןGe.fen [the] vine[s] of H1612 Noun common · both singular construct
55× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for vine, often referring to Israel or prosperity, appears in the Bible as a symbol of God's people. It is also used to describe a grapevine. In the Bible, vines are often associated with abundance and fruitfulness.
Amplified meaning
grapevines
Tyndale gloss
vine
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גֶּ֫פֶן (gephen) means 'vine' and is derived from a root suggesting bending, reflecting the twining nature of vines. It encompasses literal uses, such as the grapevine, as well as metaphorical applications related to prosperity and even the fading of stars at divine judgment.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גֶּ֫פֶן n.f. vine

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1612 גֶּ֫פֶן vine

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1612 gephen gheh'-fen

from an unused root meaning to bend; a vine (as twining),

especially the grape:--vine, tree.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גֶּ֫פֶן (ge.phen) — vine.

1) vine, vine tree

1a) of Israel (fig.)

1b) of stars fading at Jehovah's judgment (metaph.)

1c) of prosperity

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs — Noun common · both singular construct
HNcbsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
שִׂבְמָ֔הsiv.Mah Sibmah H7643 Noun proper
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Sibmah was a town in Moab, east of the Jordan River, known for its fragrance and allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad.
Tyndale gloss
Sibmah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׂבָם (se.vam) refers to a location in Moab, possibly meaning 'fragrance.' It is identified as a town allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad, located near Heshbon. The entries indicate variations in spelling, such as Sibmah and Shebam, but all refer to the same place.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׂבָם n.pr.loc. in Moab (Reuben), near Heshbon

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7643 שְׂבָם in Moab (Reuben), near Heshbon

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7643 Sbam seb-awm'

or (feminine) Sibmah {sib-maw'}; probably from 1313; spice;

Sebam or Sibmah, a place in Moab:--Shebam, Shibmah, Sibmah.

see HEBREW for 01313

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׂבָם (se.vam) — Sebam.

§ Shebam or Shibmah or Sibmah = "fragrance"

one of the towns in the pastoral district on the east of the Jordan in Moab; allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad

שְׂבָם (se.vam) — Sibmah.

§ Shebam or Shibmah or Sibmah = "fragrance"

one of the towns in the pastoral district on the east of the Jordan in Moab; allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sib'-ma.

See SEBAM.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Sibmah

Coolness; fragrance, a town in Reuben, in the territory of Moab, on the east of Jordan (Josh. 13:19); called also Shebam and Shibmah (Num. 32:3, 38). It was famous for its vines (Isa. 16:9; Jer. 48:32). It has been identified with the ruin of Sumieh, where there are rock-cut wine-presses. This fact explains the words of the prophets referred to above. It was about 5 miles east of Heshbon.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[SHEBAM]

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A city of Reuben, Nu 32:28; Jos 13:19; Isa 16:8,9, speaks of the vines of Sibmah, which were cut down by the enemies of the Moabites; for that people had taken the city of Sibmah, Jer 48:32, and other cities of Reuben, after this tribe had been carried into captivity by Tiglath-pileser, 2Ki 15:29; 1Ch 5:26. Jerome says that between Hesbon and Sibmah there was hardly the distance of five hundred paces.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
אֲרַיָּ֙וֶךְ֙'a.rai.Ya.vekh I water abundantly you H7301 Verb piel imperfect first person common singular · suffix
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To quench means to satisfy a strong desire or thirst, like drinking water to fill an empty stomach, and is used in the Bible to describe physical and spiritual satisfaction. It can also mean to be drunk or intoxicated.
Amplified meaning
water, quench
Tyndale gloss
to quench
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָוָה (ravah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to saturate or quench thirst, often applied to drinking one's fill. It includes various forms such as being intoxicated or abundantly watering something. The entries indicate that it can express both the act of satisfying thirst and the causative action of drenching or saturating.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָוָה] vb. be saturated, drink one's fill

Qal we will take our fill of love

Pi.

intens. be intoxicated, drunk

causat. drench, water abundantly

Hiph. saturate, water

Hoph. Impf.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7301 רָוָה be saturated, drink one's fill .we will take our fill of love

. . intens. be intoxicated, drunk

. causat. drench, water abundantly

. saturate, water

. Impf.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7301 ravah raw-vaw'

a primitive root; to slake the thirst (occasionally of other

appetites):--bathe, make drunk, (take the) fill, satiate,

(abundantly) satisfy, soak, water (abundantly).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָוָה (ra.vah) — to quench.

1) to be satiated or saturated, have or drink one's fill

1a) (Qal) to take one's fill

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to be drunk, be intoxicated

1b2) to drench, water abundantly, saturate

1c) (Hiphil) to saturate, water, cause to drink

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Imperf-1cs | Suff — Verb piel imperfect first person common singular · suffix
HVpi1cs/Sp2fs
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
דִּמְעָתִ֔יdim.'a.Ti tear[s] my H1832 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
23× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Tears are drops of liquid that fall from the eyes as a result of crying or weeping. This word is used in the Bible to describe times of sadness or sorrow.
Amplified meaning
drops of liquid, expression of grief
Tyndale gloss
tears
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דִּמְעָה (dim`ah) refers to 'tears' and is primarily used in a poetic context, with frequent occurrences in the book of Jeremiah and contemporary literature. It is a feminine noun derived from the root word for 'weeping' (דִּמְעָה is noted as a collective term for tears). The entries consistently emphasize its poetic nature.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דִּמְעָה n.f. coll. tears (chiefly poet. and late; freq. in Je. and contemp.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1832 דִּמְעָה coll. tears (chiefly poet. and late; freq. in Je. and contemp.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1832 dim`ah dim-aw'

feminine of 1831; weeping:--tears.

see HEBREW for 01831

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דִּמְעָה (dim.ah) — tears.

tears

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp1bs
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹןchesh.Bon O Heshbon H2809 Noun proper
38× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Heshbon was a city east of the Jordan River, serving as the capital of the Amorites under King Sihon, and later becoming part of the tribes of Reuben and Gad.
Amplified meaning
a city east of the Jordan
Tyndale gloss
Heshbon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֶשְׁבּוֹן (Cheshbown) refers to a city associated with Sihon, the king of the Amorites. It is described as a stronghold and is located east of the Jordan River, marking the boundary between the tribes of Reuben and Gad. The name suggests a connection to the concept of strength.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֶשְׁבּוֹן n.pr.loc. of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2809 חֶשְׁבּוֹן of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2809 Cheshbown khesh-bone'

the same as 2808; Cheshbon, a place East of the

Jordan:--Heshbon.

see HEBREW for 02808

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֶשְׁבּוֹן (chesh.bon) — Heshbon.

§ Heshbon = "stronghold"

the capital city of Sihon, king of the Amorites, located on the western border of the high plain and on the border line between the tribes of Reuben and Gad

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hesh'-bon (cheshbon; Hesebon): The royal city of Sihon king of the Amorites, taken and occupied by the Israelites under Moses (Nu 21:25 f, etc.). It lay on the southern border of Gad (Jos 13:26), and was one of the cities fortified by Reuben (Nu 32:37). It is reckoned among the cities of Gad given to the Merarite Levites (Jos 21:39). In later literature (Isa 15:4; 16:8 f; Jer 48:2,34,45; 49:3) it is referred to as a city of Moab. It passed again into Jewish hands, and is mentioned by Josephus (Ant., XIII, xv, 4) as among their possessions in the country of Moab…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Heshbon

Intelligence, a city ruled over by Sihon, king of the Amorites (Josh. 3:10; 13:17). It was taken by Moses (Num. 21:23-26), and became afterwards a Levitical city (Josh. 21:39) in the tribe of Reuben (Num. 32:37). After the Exile it was taken possession of by the Moabites (Isa. 15:4; Jer. 48:2, 34, 45). The ruins of this town are still seen about 20 miles east of Jordan from the north end of the Dead Sea. There are reservoirs in this district, which are probably the “fishpools” referred to in Cant. 7:4.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(stronghold), the capital city of Sihon king of the Amorites. (Numbers 21:26) It stood on the western border of the high plain --Mishor, (Joshua 13:17) --and on the boundary line between the tribes of Reuben and Gad. The ruins of Hesban , 20 miles east of the Jordan, on the parallel of the northern end of the Dead Sea mark the site, as they bear the name; of the ancient Heshbon. There are many cisterns among the ruins. Comp. (Solomon 7:4)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A celebrated city of the Amorites, twenty miles east of the mouth of the Jordan, Jos 3:10; 13:17. It was given to Reuben; but was afterwards transferred to Gad, and then to the Levites. It had been conquered from the Moabites by Sihon, and because his capital; and was taken by the Israelites a little before the death of Moses, Nu 21:25; Jos 21:39. After the ten tribes were transplanted into the country beyond the Euphrates, the Moabites recovered it, Isa 15:4; Jer 48:2,34,45. Its ruins are still called Hesban, and cover the sides of a hill seven miles north of Medeba.

there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
וְאֶלְעָלֵ֑הve.'el.'a.Leh and Elealeh H500 Conjunction · noun proper
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Elealeh was a place east of the Jordan River, a village of the Reubenites. Its name means 'God is ascending'. It is mentioned in the Bible as a location near Heshbon, and its ruins can still be found today.
Amplified meaning
a village of the Reubenites
Tyndale gloss
Elealeh
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶלְעָלֵא (*El`ale*) refers to a village in the tribe of Reuben, located near Heshbon, and is noted to be in ruins. The name is interpreted to mean 'God is ascending.' It is derived from the roots for 'God' and 'to go up,' indicating a possible significance related to ascent.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶלְעָלֵא, ∥ אֶלְעָלֵה n.pr.loc. (God doth ascend?) of village in the tribe of Reuben, near Heshbon, in ruins

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H500 אֶלְעָלֵא, ∥ אֶלְעָלֵה (God doth ascend?) of village in the tribe of Reuben, near Heshbon, in ruins

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

500 'El`ale' el-aw-lay'

or (more properly) GEl aleh {el-aw-lay'}; from 410 and 5927;

God (is) going up; Elale or Elaleh, a place east of the

Jordan:--Elealeh.

see HEBREW for 0410

see HEBREW for 05927

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶלְעָלֵא (el.a.le) — Elealeh.

§ Elealeh = "God is ascending"

a Reubenite village near Heshbon (in ruins)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper
HC/Npl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

e-le-a'-le ('el`aleh, "God has ascended"):

Lay in the country taken from Sihon and within the lot given to Reuben (Nu 32:3,17 f). "Their names being changed" seems to apply to all the towns mentioned. There is no indication of the other names. Elealeh is noticed with Heshbon in the oracles against Moab in Isa 15:4; 16:9; Jer 48:34. Eusebius (Onomasticon) locates it one Roman mile from Heshbon. It is represented today by el'Al, a mound crowned with ruins, about a mile North of Chesban.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Elealeh

God has ascended, a place in the pastoral country east of Jordan, in the tribe of Reuben (Num. 32:3, 37). It is not again mentioned till the time of Isaiah (15:4; 16:9) and Jeremiah (48:34). It is now an extensive ruin called el-A’al, about one mile north-east of Heshbon.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(the ascending of God), a place on the east of Jordan, taken possession of and rebuilt by the tribe of Reuben. (Numbers 32:3,37) By Isaiah and Jeremiah it is mentioned as a Moabite town. (Isaiah 15:4; 16:9; Jeremiah 48:34)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A town of the Amorites, near Heshbon their capital, assigned to the tribe of Reuben, Nu 32:3,37, and long afterwards threatened as a city of Moab, Isa 15:4; 16:9; Jer 48:34. Its ruins, now El- Aal, are a mile or more northeast of Heshban.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
כִּ֧יki for H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTc — Particle
HTc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.

In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
עַל־'al- on H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
קֵיצֵ֛ךְkei.Tzekh summer fruit your H7019 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
20× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for summer refers to the harvest season or the fruit of that season, and is also used to describe the dry summer months, as seen in its Aramaic equivalent.
Amplified meaning
harvest season, ripe produce
Tyndale gloss
summer
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קַ֫יִץ (qayits) refers to summer and summer-fruit, indicating both the season and its produce. It is derived from a root meaning to harvest, encompassing the idea of crops, whether grain or fruit. The word appears in contexts related to the harvest season.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קַ֫יִץ n.m. summer, summer-fruit

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7019 קַ֫יִץ summer, summer-fruit

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7019 qayits kah'-yits

from 6972; harvest (as the crop), whether the product (grain

or fruit) or the (dry) season:--summer (fruit, house).

see HEBREW for 06972

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קַ֫יִץ (qa.yits) — summer.

1) summer, summer-fruit

1a) summer

1b) summer-fruit

Aramaic equivalent: qa.yit (קַ֫יִט "summer" H7007)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp2fs
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
וְעַל־ve.'al- and on H5921 Conjunction · preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/R — Conjunction · preposition
HC/R
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
קְצִירֵ֖ךְke.tzi.Rekh harvest your H7105 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
54× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to the harvest or the time of harvest, as well as the reaper or the crop itself. It can also mean a limb or foliage of a tree, emphasizing the idea of growth and abundance. The concept of harvest is central to the biblical narrative, particularly in the book of Ruth.
Amplified meaning
time of gathering, crop
Tyndale gloss
harvest
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָצִיר (qatsiyr) refers to the act of harvesting or the harvest itself, encompassing the process, the crop, and the time of harvest. It can also denote boughs or branches of trees. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to sever,' indicating its connection to reaping.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָצִיר n.m. harvesting, harvest

process of harvesting

what is reaped, harvested, crop

time of harvest

base

קָצִיר n.m. usually coll., boughs, branches

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7105a קָצִיר harvesting, harvest H7105b קָצִיר usually coll., boughs, branches

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7105 qatsiyr kaw-tseer'

from 7114; severed, i.e. harvest (as reaped), the crop, the

time, the reaper, or figuratively; also a limb (of a tree, or

simply foliage):--bough, branch, harvest (man).

see HEBREW for 07114

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָצִיר (qa.tsir) — harvest.

1) harvest, harvesting

1a) process of harvesting

1b) crop, what is harvested or reaped

1c) time of harvest

קָצִיר (qa.tsir) — foliage.

boughs, branches

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp2fs
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
הֵידָ֥דhei.Dad shouting H1959 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'shout' describes a loud cheer or acclaim, used to express joy or triumph, like the shouts of celebration when Jerusalem's wall was rebuilt.
Amplified meaning
loud cheers, joyful acclaim
Tyndale gloss
shout
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֵידָד (heydad) refers to a shout or cheering, often associated with acclamation. It is derived from an unused root meaning to shout and encompasses various forms of shouting, including that of an opponent. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to vocal expressions of joy or challenge.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֵידָד n.m. shout, shouting, cheer

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1959 הֵידָד shout, shouting, cheer

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1959 heydad hay-dawd'

from an unused root (meaning to shout);

acclamation:--shout(-ing).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֵידָד (he.dad) — shout.

1) a shout, cheer, shouting

1a) shouting

1b) shout (of the foe)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ IN JOY AND PRAISE 1Ch 15:28; 2Ch 15:12-14; Ezr 3:11-13; Ps 5:11; 47:1; Isa 12:6; Lu 17:15; 19:37-41; Ac 3:8,9; Re 5:12-14

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
there- -fore I weep with [the] weeping of Jazer [the] vine[s] of Sibmah I water abundantly you tear[s] my O Heshbon and Elealeh for on summer fruit your and on harvest your shouting it has fallen
נָפָֽל׃na.Fal it has fallen H5307 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
435× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to fall, and it's used in many ways, like falling down, failing, or being defeated. It appears in books like Genesis and Isaiah. God's people often fell away from Him, but He always offered a way back.
Amplified meaning
ceased, stopped
Tyndale gloss
to fall: fall
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָפַל (naphal) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to fall,' encompassing a wide range of applications, including falling by accident, experiencing violent death, or going to ruin. It can also refer to prostrating oneself, attacking, or causing someone to fall. The term appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, often indicating physical or metaphorical downfall.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָפַל 433 vb. fall, lie

Qal 366

fall, by accident

Esp. of violent death

fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.

fig. = experience calamity

fall, of a city

Fall prostrate

fall = prostrate oneself before

fall upon one's neck, in embrace

Fall upon = attack

desert or fall away to, go over to

Fig., of deep sleep

Other idiomatic uses

= lie; = lie prostrate

Hiph.

cause to fall

Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction

Esp. of casting lot

Fig., let drop, cause to fail

cause deep sleep to fall

Other idioms

Hithp. throw, or prostrate oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5307 נָפַל fall, lie .. fall, by accident

. . Esp. of violent death

. fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.

. fig. = experience calamity

. fall, of a city

. . Fall prostrate

. fall = prostrate oneself before

. fall upon one's neck, in embrace

. . Fall upon = attack

. desert or fall away to, go over to

. Fig., of deep sleep

. Other idiomatic uses

. = lie; = lie prostrate

. . cause to fall

. Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction

. Esp. of casting lot

. Fig., let drop, cause to fail

. cause deep sleep to fall

. Other idioms

. throw, or prostrate oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5307 naphal naw-fal'

a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications

(intransitive or causative, literal or figurative):--be

accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide

(by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall

(away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have

(inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for 6419), lay

(along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be (X hast) lost,

lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present(-ed, -ing), (make

to) rot, slay, smite out, X surely, throw down.

see HEBREW for 06419

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: fall.

: fall/drop/fail

1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to fall

1a2) to fall (of violent death)

1a3) to fall prostrate, prostrate oneself before

1a4) to fall upon, attack, desert, fall away to, go away to, fall into the hand of

1a5) to fall short, fail, fall out, turn out, result

1a6) to settle, waste away, be offered, be inferior to

1a7) to lie, lie prostrate

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to fall, fell, throw down, knock out, lay prostrate

1b2) to overthrow

1b3) to make the lot fall, assign by lot, apportion by lot

1b4) to let drop, cause to fail (fig.)

1b5) to cause to fall

1c) (Hithpael)

1c1) to throw or prostrate oneself, throw oneself upon

1c2) to lie prostrate, prostrate oneself

1d) (Pilel) to fall

נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: deserting.

: deserting

1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to fall

1a2) to fall (of violent death)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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