Isaiah 34:14 — Word Study
WLCוּפָגְשׁ֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־ אִיִּ֔ים וְשָׂעִ֖יר עַל־ רֵעֵ֣הוּ יִקְרָ֑א אַךְ־ שָׁם֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעָה לִּילִ֔ית וּמָצְאָ֥ה לָ֖הּ מָנֽוֹחַ׃
BSAThe desert creaturestsîyîy [wild beasts of the desert] will meetpâgash [encounter, come together] with hyenasʼîy [wild beasts of the island, Iim] ◂and one wild goatsâʻîyr [satyr, hairy one] will callqârâʼ▸ [cry out, bleat] toʻal anotherrêaʻ [its fellow, companion] Thereshâm [in that place, then] the night creaturelîylîyth△ [Lilith, night-monster] will settlerâgaʻ■ [rest, find rest] and findmâtsâʼ [discover, attain] place of reposemânôwach [resting place, quiet dwelling]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּפָגְשׁ֤וּ | and they will meet | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| צִיִּים֙ | desert-dwellers | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| אִיִּ֔ים | hyenas | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| וְשָׂעִ֖יר | and goat | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| עַל־ | to | Preposition |
| רֵעֵ֣הוּ | companion its | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| יִקְרָ֑א | it will call | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| אַךְ־ | surely | Adverb |
| שָׁם֙ | there | Adverb |
| הִרְגִּ֣יעָה | it will rest | Verb, Hiphil, perfect third person feminine singular |
| לִּילִ֔ית | [the] night-creature | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וּמָצְאָ֥ה | and it will find | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person feminine singular |
| לָ֖הּ | for itself | Preposition, suffix |
| מָנֽוֹחַ׃ | a resting place | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The desert creatures will meet with hyenas, and one wild goat will call to another. There the night creature will settle and find her place of repose. |
| KJV | The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest. |
| ASV | And the wild beasts of the desert shall meet with the wolves, and the wild goat shall cry to his fellow; yea, the night-monster shall settle there, and shall find her a place of rest. |
| YLT | And met have Ziim with Aiim, And the goat for its companion calleth, Only there rested hath the night-owl, And hath found for herself a place of rest. |
| WEB | The wild animals of the desert will meet with the wolves, and the wild goat will cry to his fellow. Yes, the night creature shall settle there, and shall find herself a place of rest. |
| BBE | And the beasts of the waste places will come together with the jackals, and the evil spirits will be crying to one another, even the night-spirit will come and make her resting-place there. |
The translations agree on the rendering of פָּגַשׁ as 'will meet' — see How Translations Differ.
The structure of the verse includes a main clause followed by several subordinate phrases that describe the actions of the creatures.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectצִי
verbפָּגַשׁ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 15 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 34:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Desolation of Edomgenerated
Isaiah 34:14 describes a vivid scene where desert creatures gather in a desolate land, highlighting the stark reality of a once-thriving place now inhabited by wild beasts. This passage illustrates the transformation of Edom into a haunt for creatures, emphasizing the consequences of divine judgment. The imagery evokes a sense of abandonment and the eerie presence of night creatures, as seen in the context of surrounding verses that detail the desolation and ruin of the land.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 13:21 | But desert creatures will lie down there, and howling creatures will fill her houses. Ostriches will dwell there, and wild goats will leap about. |
| 2 | Isaiah 13:22 | Hyenas will howl in her fortresses and jackals in her luxurious palaces. Babylon’s time is at hand, and her days will not be prolonged. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — פָּגַשׁ, u.fa.ge.Shugenerated
The verb פָּגַשׁ (pagash) means to meet or encounter, often implying a chance or intentional gathering. It is used here to describe the interaction between desert-dwelling creatures and hyenas, suggesting a moment of convergence in a barren landscape.
The parsing indicates it is in the Qal form as a sequential perfect verb, which conveys a completed action: the creatures have met. This reflects the harsh reality of survival in a desolate environment, where such encounters are significant.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb פָּגְשׁ֤וּ (they will meet) governs the main action of the verse, with several noun phrases and clauses hanging off it. The structure emphasizes the gathering of creatures in a desolate setting.
The sentence presents a series of subjects and actions, creating a vivid tableau of life in a barren landscape. The order highlights the meeting of different creatures and their interactions, leading to the description of the night creature settling.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates פָּגַשׁ as συναντήσουσιν, indicating a meeting or encounter, similar to the Hebrew. This choice reinforces the concept of creatures coming together in a desolate landscape.
The Greek word δαιμόνια for צִי suggests a broader interpretation of the creatures involved, possibly hinting at a supernatural element in the desolation.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 34:14 describes how desert creatures and hyenas will gather together, with a wild goat calling to its companion. In this place, a night creature will find rest, illustrating the desolation of Edom and the eerie presence of these creatures.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The term 'night creature' refers to Lilith, a figure associated with desolation and darkness, often interpreted as a female demon or a screech owl.
The meeting of desert creatures with hyenas illustrates the harsh reality of survival in a desolate environment, where different species converge in search of food or territory.
The wild goat calling to another emphasizes the social interactions among creatures, even in desolation, reflecting the instinctual behaviors present in nature.
This passage reveals that Edom has become a desolate place, inhabited only by wild creatures, highlighting the consequences of divine judgment and abandonment.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does this imagery of desert creatures suggest about the nature of desolation?
- How can we find meaning in the presence of creatures in a desolate landscape?
- In what ways do the themes of abandonment and survival resonate in our own lives?
- How does the concept of rest in a desolate place challenge our understanding of comfort and safety?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 34:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the islands,.... In Rome, and take up their abode there; of these creatures, the first of which the Targum renders monstrous
Read John Gill on Isaiah 34 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 34 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe satyr shall cry to his fellow: See Poole "". See Poole "". The screech owl also shall rest there, because there shall be no men left to disturb or affright them, .
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 34 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 34:14 The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest.Ver. 14. The wild beasts of the desert.] Heb., Ziim et jiim. See Isaiah 13:21-22, where these monstrous creatures are said to dance: whence Basil noteth, that men learned of devils to dance, and another saith that a dance is a circle, the centre whereof is the devil, the circumference all his angels. And the satyr shall cry to his fellow.] Heb., The rough or hairy one. Chald., Daemones inter se colludent, the devils shall play among themselves; Satan is a rough harsh spirit; so are…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 34 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(14) The wild beasts of the desert . . .—Better, wild cats or hyenas shall meet wolves. The nouns that follow belong, apparently, to the region of mythical zoology. The English “satyr” expresses fairly enough the idea of a “demon-brute” haunting the waste places of the palaces of Edom, while the “screech-owl” is the Lilith, the she-vampire, who appears in the legends of the Talmud as having been Adam’s first wife, who left him and was turned into a demon. With the later Jews, Lilith, as sucking the blood of children, was the bugbear of the nursery. Night-vampire would, perhaps, be the best rendering.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 34 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 14. The wild beasts of the desert] ציים tsiyim, the mountain cats. - Bochart. Wild beasts of the island] איים aiyim, the jackals. The satyr] שעיר seir, the hairy one, probably the he-goat. The screech owl] לילית lilith, the night-bird, the night-raven, nyctycorax, from ליל layil, or לילה lailah, the night.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 34 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges14. wild beasts the desert … wild beasts of the island … satyr] See on ch. Isaiah 13:21 f. the shrich owl] The Hebr. is Lîlîth, a fem. formation from Iáil “night.” Render with Cheyne: the night-hag. Lilith appears to be a creation of the Babylonian demonology. “This Lilith plays a great part in the Talmudic demonology; the cabalistic Rabbis forged a whole legend in which this spirit is said to have taken a feminine form to deceive Adam, and to have united herself to him.” (Lenormant, Chaldæan Magic, Engl. Tr. p. 38.) She is mentioned in the Bible only here. find for herself a place of rest] On the restlessness of evil spirits, cf. Matthew 12:43, “walketh through dry places, seeking rest.”
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 34 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe wild beasts of the desert - There is in the original here a paronomasia, which cannot be conveyed in a translation.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 34 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The desert creatures will meet with hyenas, and one wild goat will call to another. There the night creature will settle and find her place of repose.
The wild animals of the desert will meet with the wolves, and the wild goat will cry to his fellow. Yes, the night creature shall settle there, and shall find herself a place of rest.
The desert creatures will meet with hyenas, and one wild goat will call to another. There the night creature will settle and find her place of repose.
Wild animals and wild dogs will congregate there; wild goats will bleat to one another. Yes, nocturnal animals will rest there and make for themselves a nest.
Tyndale line
The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest.
And the wild beasts of the desert shall meet with the wolves, and the wild goat shall cry to his fellow; yea, the night-monster shall settle there, and shall find her a place of rest.
And the wild beasts of the desert shall meet with the wolves, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; yea, the night-monster shall settle there, and shall find her a place of rest.
The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the isle, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech-owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest.
There shall meete also Ziim and Iim, and the Satyre shall cry to his fellow, and the shricheowle shall rest there, and shall finde for her selfe a quiet dwelling.
Strictly literal
And there shall the beasts of the desert meet with the jackals, and the wild goat shall cry to his fellow; the lilith also shall settle there, and find for herself a place of rest.
And met have Ziim with Aiim, And the goat for its companion calleth, Only there rested hath the night-owl, And hath found for herself a place of rest.
And desert-dwellers have met with howlers, || And the goat calls for its companion, || Surely the night-owl has rested there, || And has found a place of rest for herself.
And the martens shall meet with the jackals, and one goat shall call to his fellow; only the screech-owl shall rest there, and find for herself a place of repose.
The wild animals and the hyenas will meet there, and the wild goats will cry to one another. Nocturnal animals will settle there and find for themselves a place of rest.
From the Latin
And demons and monsters shall meet, and the hairy ones shall cry out one to another, there hath the lamia lain down, and found rest for herself.
Simplified
It will be a meeting place for desert animals and hyenas, and wild goats will call to each other there. Night animals will settle there and find a place to rest.
And the beasts of the waste places will come together with the jackals, and the evil spirits will be crying to one another, even the night-spirit will come and make her resting-place there.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text (MT) of Isaiah 34:14 reads: 'וּפָגְשׁ֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־ אִיִּ֔ים וְשָׂעִ֖יר עַל־ רֵעֵ֣הוּ יִקְרָ֑א אַךְ־ שָׁם֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעָה לִּילִ֔ית וּמָצְאָ֥ה לָ֖הּ מָנֽוֹחַ׃' The Dead Sea Scrolls (1Qisaa) closely align with the MT, containing 15 words that match in meaning and structure, with minor orthographic differences. The Septuagint, while not providing a direct translation here, shares a significant correspondence with the MT, matching 12 of the 15 words in a word-by-word analysis, indicating a strong agreement in content despite variations in word order and articles. Overall, the MT, Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Septuagint show a high degree of consistency in this verse, affirming the depiction of desert creatures and their interactions.
וּפָגְשׁ֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־ אִיִּ֔ים וְשָׂעִ֖יר עַל־ רֵעֵ֣הוּ יִקְרָ֑א אַךְ־ שָׁם֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעָה לִּילִ֔ית וּמָצְאָ֥ה לָ֖הּ מָנֽוֹחַ׃
12 of the 15 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ופגשו ציים את אייאמים ושעיר על רע׳הו יקרא אכ שמ׳ה ירגיעו ליליות ומצאו ל׳המה מנוח
15 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 34:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
פָּגַשׁ (pagash) is a Hebrew verb meaning to meet or encounter. It can describe various forms of meeting, whether by chance or intention, and includes nuances of coming together or joining. The entries indicate its use in different grammatical forms, such as Qal (to meet) and Niphal (to meet each other).
[פָּגַשׁ] vb. meet, encounter
Qal meet
Niph. meet together, each other
Pi. intens. they keep encountering darkness in the daytime.
base
H6298 [פָּגַשׁ] meet, encounter
6298 pagash paw-gash'
a primitive root; to come in contact with, whether by
accident or violence; figuratively, to concur:--meet (with,
together).
פָּגַשׁ (pa.gash) — to meet.
1) to meet, join, encounter
1a) (Qal) to meet, encounter
1b) (Niphal) to meet together, meet each other
1c) (Piel) to meet, encounter
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/Vqq3cp
met, adjective (yashar; axios): Various words are employed to express meetness, the sense of what is proper, worthy, or fit. We have yashar, "straight," "upright," "right" (2Ki 10:3, "meetest"; Jer 26:14, the Revised Version (British and American) "right"); yashar (Jer 27:5, the Revised Version (British and American) "right"); yosher (Pr 11:24, the Revised Version margin "what is justly due"); 'arikh, Aramaic "meet" (Ezr 4:14); bene, "sons of" (De 3:18, the King James Version "meet for the war," margin "Hebrew sons of power," the Revised Version (British and…
צִי (tsiyiy) refers to a wild beast, specifically a desert-dweller or a creature that cries or yelps. The term is linked to nomadic or wilderness habitats, but the exact identity of the beast is not clearly defined. It is derived from a related word, צִי (tsiy), which emphasizes its connection to the desert.
[צִי] n.m. a wild beast, prop. either desert-dweller, or crier, yelper
base
H6728 [צִי] a wild beast, prop. either desert-dweller, or crier, yelper
6728 tsiyiy tsee-ee'
from the same as 6723; a desert-dweller, i.e. nomad or wild
beast:--wild beast of the desert, that dwell in (inhabiting)
the wilderness.
see HEBREW for 06723
צִי (tsiy.yi) — wild beast.
1) a wild beast, desert-dweller, crier, yelper
1a) a specific wild beast but not certainly identified
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
אִי (iy) refers to a jackal or howling beast, often used in the plural form. The term suggests a solitary wild creature, possibly linked to the sound it makes. It is noted in the context of wild beasts, but no specific Old Testament verses are mentioned.
[אִי] n.m. jackal (howler)
base
H338 [אִי] jackal (howler)
338 'iy ee
probably identical with 337 (through the idea of a doleful
sound); a howler (used only in the plural), i.e. any solitary
wild creature; --wild beast of the islands.
see HEBREW for 0337
אִי (i) — wild beast.
howling beast, jackal
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
שָׂעִר (sa`iyr) means 'hairy' and refers to a he-goat or buck, often in a sacrificial context. It can also denote a satyr or demon, suggesting a creature with goat-like features. The word is built from the root meaning 'shaggy' and appears in various contexts, including references to demonic beings.
שָׂעִר adj. hairy
base
שָׂעִיר 63 n.m. he-goat, buck (hairy one)
base
שָׂעִיר n.m. satyr, demon (with he-goat’s form, or feet)
base
H8163a שָׂעִר hairy H8163b שָׂעִיר he-goat, buck H8163c שָׂעִיר satyr, demon
8163 sa`iyr saw-eer'
or sabir {saw-eer'}; from 8175; shaggy; as noun, a he-goat;
by analogy, a faun:--devil, goat, hairy, kid, rough, satyr.
see HEBREW for 08175
שָׂעִר (sa.ir) — hairy.
adj
hairy
שָׂעִיר (sa.ir) — he-goat.
1) he-goat, buck
1a) as sacrificial animal
שָׂעִיר (sa.ir) — satyr.
satyr, may refer to a demon possessed goat like the swine of Gadara (Mt 8:30-32)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
got:
1. Names:
The common generic word for "goat" is `ez (compare Arabic `anz, "she-goat"; aix), used often for "she-goat" (Ge 15:9; Nu 15:27), also with gedhi, "kid," as gedhi `izzim, "kid of the goats" (Ge 38:17), also with sa`ir, "he-goat," as se`ir `izzim, "kid of the goats" or "he-goat," or translated simply "kids," as in 1Ki 20:27, "The children of Israel encamped before them like two little flocks of kids." Next, frequently used is sa`ir, literally, "hairy" (compare Arabic sha`r, "hair"; cher, "hedgehog"; Latin hircus, "goat"; hirtus, "hairy"; also German Haar; English "hair"), like `ez and `attudh used of goats for offerings. The goat which is sent into the…
Goat
(1.) Heb. ‘ez, the she-goat (Gen. 15:9; 30:35; 31:38). This Hebrew word is also used for the he-goat (Ex. 12:5; Lev. 4:23; Num. 28:15), and to denote a kid (Gen. 38:17, 20). Hence it may be regarded as the generic name of the animal as domesticated. It literally means “strength,” and points to the superior strength of the goat as compared with the sheep.
(2.) Heb. ‘attud, only in plural; rendered “rams” (Gen. 31:10,12); he-goats (Num. 7:17-88; Isa.…
There appear to be two or three varieties of the common goat, Hircus agagrus , at present bred in Palestine and Syria, but whether they are identical with those which were reared by the ancient Hebrews it is not possible to say. The most marked varieties are the Syrian goat(Capra mammorica, Linn.) and the Angora goat (Capra angorensis , Linn.), with fine long hair. As to the "wild goats," (1 Samuel 24:2; Job 39:1; Psalms 104:18) it is not at all improbable that some species of ibex is denoted.
A well-known animal, resembling the sheep, but covered with hair instead of wool. Large flocks of them were kept by the Jews, Ge 27:9 1Sa 25:2 2Ch 17:11. They were regarded as clean for sacrifice, Ex 12:5 Le 3:12 Nu 15:27; and their milk and the young kids were much used for food, De 14:4 Jud 6:19 Pr 27:27 Lu 15:29. The common leather bottles were made…
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
רֵעַ (rea`) refers to a friend, companion, or fellow, emphasizing close associations such as brotherhood or intimacy. It can also denote a neighbor or another person in a broader sense. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to associate.'
רֵעַ 187 n.m. friend, companion, fellow
base
H7453 רֵעַ friend, companion, fellow
7453 rea` ray'-ah
or reya2 {ray'-ah}; from 7462; an associate (more or less
close):--brother, companion, fellow, friend, husband, lover,
neighbour, X (an-)other.
see HEBREW for 0reya2
see HEBREW for 07462
רֵעַ (re.a) — neighbor.
1) friend, companion, fellow, another person
1a) friend, intimate
1b) fellow, fellow-citizen, another person (weaker sense)
1c) other, another (reciprocal phrase)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word קָרָא (qara') is a primitive root meaning to call, proclaim, or read. It encompasses a range of actions including calling out, crying for help, reading aloud, and summoning. The word can also imply being called or named in various contexts. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
קָרָא 724 vb. call, proclaim, read
Qal
call, cry, utter a loud sound
call, cry
call unto some one
cry for help
proclaim
read aloud
read to oneself
summon
call = name
Niph.
reflex.
pass. be called
Pu. be called
base
H7121 קָרָא call, proclaim, read .. . call, cry, utter a loud sound
. call, cry
. . call unto some one
. cry for help
. proclaim
. . read aloud
. read to oneself
. summon
. call = name
. . reflex.
. pass. be called
. be called
7121 qara' kaw-raw'
a primitive root (rather identical with 7122 through the idea
of accosting a person met); to call out to (i.e. properly,
address by name, but used in a wide variety of
applications):--bewray (self), that are bidden, call (for,
forth, self, upon), cry (unto), (be) famous, guest, invite,
mention, (give) name, preach, (make) proclaim(- ation),
pronounce, publish, read, renowned, say.
see HEBREW for 07122
קָרָא (qa.ra) — to call: call to.
: call_to/invite/entreat
1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound
1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)
1a3) to proclaim
1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read
1a5) to summon, invite, call for, call and commission, appoint, call and endow
1a6) to call, name, give name to, call by
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to call oneself
1b2) to be called, be proclaimed, be read aloud, be summoned, be named
1c) (Pual) to be called, be named, be called out, be chosen
קָרָא (qa.ra) — to call: call by.
: call_by/name
1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound
1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)
1a3) to proclaim
1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
Call
(1.) To cry for help, hence to pray (Gen. 4:26). Thus men are said to “call upon the name of the Lord” (Acts 2:21; 7:59; 9:14; Rom. 10:12; 1 Cor. 1:2).
(2.) God calls with respect to men when he designates them to some special office (Ex. 31:2; Isa. 22:20; Acts 13:2), and when he invites them to accept his offered grace (Matt. 9:13; 11:28; 22:4).
אַךְ (ak) is an adverb meaning 'surely' or 'indeed,' often used to emphasize what follows. It can also carry a restrictive sense, translating to 'only' or 'but.' The entries indicate its use in various contexts, but do not provide specific verse references.
אַךְ 159 adv. 1. surely. 2. with a restrictive force, emphasizing what follows
base
H389 אַךְ 1. surely. 2. with a restrictive force, emphasizing what follows
389 'ak ak
akin to 403; a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by
limitation) only:--also, in any wise, at least, but,
certainly, even, howbeit, nevertheless, notwithstanding, only,
save, surely, of a surety, truly, verily, + wherefore, yet
(but).
see HEBREW for 0403
אַךְ (akh) — surely.
1) indeed, surely (emphatic)
2) howbeit, only, but, yet (restrictive)
HD — AdverbHD
שָׁם (sham) is a Hebrew adverb meaning 'there' or 'thither,' indicating a location or direction. It can also refer to a point in time, translating to 'then.' The word is derived from a relative pronoun and is used in various contexts, including movement and temporal references.
שָׁם adv. there, thither
base
H8033 שָׁם there, thither
8033 sham shawm
a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, 834);
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or
thence:--in it, + thence, there (-in, + of, + out), +
thither, + whither.
see HEBREW for 0834
שָׁם (sham) — there.
1) there, thither
1a) there
1b) thither (after verbs of motion)
1c) from there, thence
1d) then (as an adverb of time)
Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)
שָׁם (sham) — (Jerusalem) Is There.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
This name means there, thither
Adv — AdverbHD
The Hebrew word רָגַע (raga`) is a primitive root that encompasses a range of meanings including to disturb, to rest, and to harden. It can refer to stirring up or causing disturbance, as well as to settling or giving rest. The entries also note a specific usage related to winking. There is a mention of its application in Job 7:5.
רָגַע vb. disturb
Qal
Hiph. denom. make a twinkilng
base
רָגַע vb. be at rest, repose
Niph. (of sword) be gathered into thy scabbard, repose, and be still.
H7280a רָגַע disturb H7280b רָגַע be at rest, repose H7280c רָגַע harden
7280 raga` raw-gah'
a primitive root; properly, to toss violently and suddenly
(the sea with waves, the skin with boils); figuratively (in a
favorable manner) to settle, i.e. quiet; specifically, to wink
(from the motion of the eye-lids):--break, divide, find ease,
be a moment, (cause, give, make to) rest, make suddenly.
רָגַע (ra.ga) — to disturb.
1) to act in an instant, stir up, disturb
1a) (Qal) to stir up, disturb
1b) (Hiphil) to make a twinkling
רָגַע (ra.ga) — to rest.
1) to rest or repose, be at rest or repose, settle, quiet, give rest
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to cause to rest (of sword, of the sea)
1a2) to wink (with prep)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to give rest to
1b2) to rest, repose
רָגַע (ra.ga) — to harden.
to harden
V-Hiphil-Perf-3fs — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person feminine singularHVhp3fs
(nuach, menuchah, "cessation from motion," "peace," "quiet," etc.; anapausis, [@katapausis): "Rest" in the above sense is of frequent occurrence, and is the translation of several words with various applications and shades of meaning, chiefly of the words given above. It is applied to God as ceasing from the work of creating on the 7th day (Ge 2:2 f) ; as having His place of rest in the midst of His people in the temple (1Ch 28:2; Ps 132:8,14); as resting in His love among His people (Ze 3:17, the Revised Version margin "Hebrew, `be silent' "). The 7th day was to be one of rest (Ex 16:23; 31:15; see SABBATH); the land also was to have its rest in the 7th year (
Rest
(1.) Gr. katapausis, equivalent to the Hebrew word noah (Heb. 4:1).
(2.) Gr. anapausis, “rest from weariness” (Matt. 11:28).
(3.) Gr. anesis, “relaxation” (2 Thess. 1:7).
(4.) Gr. sabbatismos, a Sabbath rest, a rest from all work (Heb. 4:9; R.V., “sabbath”), a rest like that of God when he had finished the work of creation.
In Ac 9:31, refers to the respite from persecution enjoyed by the Christians in Palestine, after the conversion of Saul of Tarsus, during the last two years of Caligula’s short reign, A. D. 39 and 40, when the Jews were so harassed by the attempts of the emperor to force them to worship him as a god, that they forbore to afflict the followers of Christ.
לִילִית (li.lit) refers to a female night-demon or creature, often associated with desolate places, particularly in Edom. The term may derive from Babylonian influences and is linked to the screech owl. It appears in Isaiah 34:14, highlighting its role in folklore as a haunting figure.
לִילִית n.f. Lilith (Milton Che night-hag), name of a female night-demon haunting desolate Edom; prob. borrowed fr. Bab., Is 34:14
ref
H3917 לִילִית Lilith (Milton Che night-hag), name of a female night-demon haunting desolate Edom; prob. borrowed fr. Bab.
3917 liyliyth lee-leeth'
from 3915; a night spectre:--screech owl.
see HEBREW for 03915
לִילִית (li.lit) — night-creature.
1) "Lilith", name of a female goddess known as a night demon who haunts the desolate places of Edom
1a) might be a nocturnal animal that inhabits desolate places
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
kre'-tur: The word "creature," as it occurs in the New Testament, is the translation and also the exact English equivalent of the Greek ktisis, or ktisma, from ktizo, "to create." In the Old Testament, on the other hand, it stands for words which have in the original no reference to creation, but which come from other roots. Nephesh, "living creature" (literally, "a breathing thing"), occurs in the accounts of the Creation and the Flood and at the close of the lists of clean and unclean animals in Le 11:46. Chay, "living creature" (literally, "a living thing"), occurs 13 times in Eze 1; 3 and 10 (see CREATURE, LIVING). Sherets, "moving creature" (literally, "a swarming thing," generally rendered "creeping thing," which see), occurs once in Ge 1:20. 'Ochim, "doleful creatures,"…
Creature
Denotes the whole creation in Rom. 8:39; Col. 1:15; Rev. 5:13; the whole human race in Mark 16:15; Rom. 8:19-22.
The living creatures in Ezek. 10:15, 17, are imaginary beings, symbols of the Divine attributes and operations.
מָצָא (matsa') is a Hebrew verb meaning to find or attain. It encompasses a range of actions, including discovering something lost, encountering someone, or coming upon a situation. The word can also imply being present or sufficient. Lexicons note various forms and uses, including Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, which indicate different nuances of finding and encountering.
מָצָא 452 vb. attain to, find
Qal
find
find out
= come upon, light upon
noteworthy phrases
Niph. pass. of Qal, be found
Hiph.
cause to find, attain
cause to light upon, come upon, come
cause to encounter
present unto
base
H4672 מָצָא attain to, find
4672 matsa' maw-tsaw'
a primitive root; properly, to come forth to, i.e. appear or
exist; transitively, to attain, i.e. find or acquire;
figuratively, to occur, meet or be present:--+ be able,
befall, being, catch, X certainly, (cause to) come (on, to, to
hand), deliver, be enough (cause to) find(-ing, occasion,
out), get (hold upon), X have (here), be here, hit, be left,
light (up-)on, meet (with), X occasion serve, (be) present,
ready, speed, suffice, take hold on.
מָצָא (ma.tsa) — to find.
1) to find, attain to
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to find
1a1a) to find, secure, acquire, get (thing sought)
1a1b) to find (what is lost)
1a1c) to meet, encounter
1a1d) to find (a condition)
1a1e) to learn, devise
1a2) to find out
1a2a) to find out
1a2b) to detect
1a2c) to guess
1a3) to come upon, light upon
1a3a) to happen upon, meet, fall in with
1a3b) to hit
1a3c) to befall
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be found
1b1a) to be encountered, be lighted upon, be discovered
1b1b) to appear, be recognised
1b1c) to be discovered, be detected
1b1d) to be gained, be secured
1b2) to be, be found
1b2a) to be found in
1b2b) to be in the possession of
1b2c) to be found in (a place), happen to be
1b2d) to be left (after war)
1b2e) to be present
1b2f) to prove to be
1b2g) to be found sufficient, be enough
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to find, attain
1c2) to cause to light upon, come upon, come
1c3) to cause to encounter
Conj | V-Qal-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person feminine singularHc/Vqq3fs
הָ (ha) — her.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular
HR/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3fs
מָנוֹחַ (manowach) refers to a resting place or a state of rest. It can denote a physical location where one rests or a figurative sense of tranquility and repose. The word is derived from a root meaning to settle, and its usage encompasses both concrete and abstract concepts of rest.
מָנוֹחַ n.m. resting-place, state, or condition of rest
base
H4494 מָנוֹחַ resting-place, state, or condition of rest
4494 manowach maw-no'-akh
from 5117; quiet, i.e. (concretely) a settled spot, or
(figuratively) a home:--(place of) rest.
see HEBREW for 05117
מָנוֹחַ (ma.no.ach) — resting.
1) resting place, state or condition of rest, place
1a) resting place
1b) rest, repose, condition of rest
1c) coming to rest
N-cs — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
plas: Normally for maqom, Old Testament, and topos, New Testament, but in the King James Version "place" represents a great number of Hebrew and Greek words, often used with no difference in force (e.g. 2Ch 35:10,15). the Revised Version (British and American) has made few changes, but occasionally has attempted to specialize the meaning (Ge 40:13; Job 37:8; Ac 8:32; Jas 3:11, etc.).