Isaiah 60:8 — Word Study
WLCמִי־ אֵ֖לֶּה כָּעָ֣ב תְּעוּפֶ֑ינָה וְכַיּוֹנִ֖ים אֶל־ אֲרֻבֹּתֵיהֶֽם׃
BSAWhomîy [whose origin is unknown] are theseʼêl-leh [coming swiftly] who flyʻûwph▸ [moving swiftly, like a thick cloud] like cloudsʻâb [dark masses of water vapor] like dovesyôwnâh [pigeons] toʼêl their sheltersʼărubbâh [windows, lattices, or dove cots, places of rest]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מִי־ | who? | Pronoun |
| אֵ֖לֶּה | [are] these | Particle |
| כָּעָ֣ב | like cloud | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| תְּעוּפֶ֑ינָה | they fly | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine plural |
| וְכַיּוֹנִ֖ים | and like doves | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| אֶל־ | to | Preposition |
| אֲרֻבֹּתֵיהֶֽם׃ | openings their | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Who are these who fly like clouds, like doves to their shelters? |
| KJV | Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows? |
| ASV | Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows? |
| YLT | Who [are] these — as a thick cloud they fly, And as doves unto their windows? |
| WEB | “Who are these who fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows? |
| BBE | Who are these coming like a cloud, like a flight of doves to their windows? |
Where they part company is in the interpretation of the action — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with two subordinate phrases that elaborate on the action of flying.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbעוּף
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 60:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Glory of Ziongenerated
Isaiah 60:8 is a part of a prophetic declaration concerning the future glory of Zion. This chapter describes how nations and peoples will come to Israel, bringing wealth and honor, symbolizing a time of restoration and divine favor. The imagery of clouds and doves emphasizes the swiftness and grace of their arrival, highlighting God's active role in gathering His people.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 60:4 | Lift up your eyes and look around: They all gather and come to you; your sons will come from afar, and your daughters will be carried on the arm. |
| 2 | Isaiah 45:22 | Turn to Me and be saved, all the ends of the earth; for I am God, and there is no other. |
| 3 | Luke 13:29 | People will come from east and west and north and south, and will recline at the table in the kingdom of God. |
| 4 | Revelation 7:9 | After this I looked and saw a multitude too large to count, from every nation and tribe and people and tongue, standing before the throne and before the Lamb. They were wearing white robes and holding palm branches in their hands. |
| 5 | Hebrews 12:1 | Therefore, since we are surrounded by such a great cloud of witnesses, let us throw off every encumbrance and the sin that so easily entangles, and let us run with endurance the race set out for us. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — תְּעוּפֶ֑ינָה, te.'u.Fei.nahgenerated
The verb עוּף (uwph) means 'to fly' and is in the imperfect tense, indicating ongoing or future action. The third person feminine plural form suggests a group of subjects, likely representing people or nations.
The use of this verb in the context of flying like clouds or doves conveys a sense of grace and speed, as well as a divine purpose behind their movement. The imagery evokes a peaceful yet powerful arrival, reinforcing the theme of divine intervention.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the verb תְּעוּפֶ֑ינָה, they fly, with several phrases providing detail: an interrogative phrase asking about the subjects, a comparative phrase likening them to clouds, and a prepositional phrase indicating their destination.
The structure emphasizes the action of flying, with the comparisons enhancing the imagery of swift movement and divine gathering.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates תְּעוּפֶ֑ינָה as πέτανται, which also means 'they fly'. This choice reflects a direct correspondence in meaning, maintaining the imagery of swift movement.
The Greek word νεφέλαι for 'clouds' suggests a similar understanding of the Hebrew term, emphasizing the visual and metaphorical connections between the two languages.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 60:8 asks about a group that arrives swiftly, comparing them to clouds and doves. This imagery highlights their grace and purpose as they come to their places of rest.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The clouds and doves symbolize swift and graceful movement, indicating a divine gathering of people or nations coming to Israel.
This question emphasizes the mystery and significance of the arriving group, drawing attention to their unknown origin and purpose.
The phrase 'to their shelters' suggests a place of safety and rest, indicating that these arrivals are coming to find refuge and belonging.
This verse is part of a prophecy about the restoration and glory of Zion, highlighting how nations will come to honor Israel and contribute to its revival.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the imagery of flying like clouds and doves mean to me personally?
- How can I recognize and welcome those who come to my community seeking refuge?
- In what ways do I see God's hand gathering people together in my life?
- What does it mean for me to find my own shelter in God, as described in this verse?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Christian writers have commented on this verse, interpreting the imagery of flying as representing the soul's spiritual journey and divine gathering.
Typically, under the leadership of the law (for Moses was a type of the law that was coming) Israel passes dry over that sea, while the Egyptian who crosses in its track is overwhelmed.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 60 →
For the soul has flights, as has been said, “Who are these that fly like clouds and like doves with their young?” You see, the soul has spiritual flights that, in a brief moment, circle the whole globe.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 60 →
Who are these who fly like clouds, and like doves to their windows? For the coastlands wait for me, and the ships of the sea are in the lead, to bring your sons from afar, with their silver and gold, to the name of the Lord your God,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 60 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 60:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWho are these that fly as a cloud,.... Referring to the vast number of converts before mentioned, who are compared to a "cloud" for the number of them, covering Judea as the clouds do the heavens;
Read John Gill on Isaiah 60 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWho are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows? Who (are) these (that) fly as a cloud ... ? The prophet, seeing in vision new hosts approaching quickly like a cloud of doves, asks who they are.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 60 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleIn the 4th verse he spake to them as upon some high watch tower, whereby they might behold as in a circle all the parts of the world. Now espying from all parts, he brings them in calling out with admiration, Who are these? partly with reference to the number, or partly with reference to the persons; so the Heb. What are these? they being not Jews, but strangers, and so directly intimating the Gentiles flocking into the church, that come so swiftly, and in so great flocks: the same thing still. The former metaphor of clouds imports their number as well as their speed, : thus abundance of witnesses is called a cloud of witnesses, : the scope is to note the great confluence of people that…
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 60 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 60:8 Who [are] these [that] fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows?Ver. 8. Who are these that fly as a cloud?] Which flieth more swiftly than any bird, and covereth the sky far and near. Deus bone, quam multi catervatim accurrunt! saith the Church here; wonderful! what trooping and treading upon the heels one of another is here! And as the doves to their windows.] To their columbaries, whereinto they scour and rush gregatim, et mira pernicitate, especially if they have young ones there, or else are driven by some hawk or tempest. God’ s people are free hearted; they serve the Lord with cheerfulness. Amor enim alas addit: and well might Plato descant upon the word…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 60 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8) Who are these . . .—The vision of the prophet brings before him the cloud-like sails of the ships that. are bringing back the exiles over the Mediterrauear and the Red Seas, hastening to their home like doves to their dove-cote. (Comp. Hosea 11:11.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 60 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. And as the doves to their windows - "And like doves upon the wing?"] Instead of el, to, forty-two MSS. of Kennicott's, and one of mine, have על al, upon. For ארבתיהם arubboteyhem, their windows, read אברתיהם ebrotheyhem, their wings, transposing a letter. - Houbigant. The Septuagint render it συννεοσσοις, "with their young;" they read אפרחיהם ephrocheyhem, nearer to the latter than to the present reading. - L.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 60 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8, 9. From the East the prophet turns to the West, and describes the ships of the Mediterranean “like white doves upon the wing” converging on Jerusalem. These also bring from afar the exiled sons of Zion, as well as rich treasures from the nations.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 60 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWho are these that fly as a cloud? - In multitudes so numerous, that they appear as a dense cloud.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 60 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Who are these who fly like clouds, like doves to their shelters?
“Who are these who fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows?
Who are these who fly like clouds, like doves to their shelters?
Who are these who float along like a cloud, who fly like doves to their shelters?
Tyndale line
Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows?
Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows?
Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows?
Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as doves to their windows?
Who are these that flee like a cloude, and as the doues to their windowes?
Strictly literal
Who are these that come flying as a cloud, and as doves to their dove-cotes?
Who [are] these — as a thick cloud they fly, And as doves unto their windows?
Who [are] these—they fly as a thick cloud, || And as doves to their windows?
Who are these that fly like a cloud, and like the doves, to their windows?
Who are these who fly along like a cloud, and like the doves to their shelters?
From the Latin
Who are these, that fly as clouds, and as doves to their windows?
Simplified
What are these flying like a cloud, flying like pigeons returning to their roost?
Who are these coming like a cloud, like a flight of doves to their windows?
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in wording, with 7 of the 7 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls also show consistency, with minor variations in spelling and word order. Overall, the core message remains intact across these witnesses.
מִי־ אֵ֖לֶּה כָּעָ֣ב תְּעוּפֶ֑ינָה וְכַיּוֹנִ֖ים אֶל־ אֲרֻבֹּתֵיהֶֽם׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
מיא אלה כעב תעופפנה וכיונים אל ארבותי׳המה
7 words on the leather.
מי אלה כעב תעפינה וכיונים על ארבתי׳הם
6 words on the leather — 1 partly restored.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 60:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מִי (mi) is an interrogative pronoun primarily used to ask about persons, meaning 'who?' or 'whose?'. It can also appear in rhetorical questions and has some idiomatic uses, such as 'who among...?' or 'whosoever'. The word is rarely applied to things, and its forms can vary in emphasis.
מִי 423 pron.interrog. who? of persons
מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied
in the gen. whose
in an indirect qu.
מִי ב׳ who among … ?
strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.
various rhetorical uses whose
מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it
once, following a verb, any one
base
H4310 מִי who? of persons . מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied
. in the gen. whose
. in an indirect qu.
. מִי ב׳ who among … ?
. strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.
. various rhetorical uses whose
. מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it
. once, following a verb, any one
4310 miy me
an interrogative pronoun of persons, as 4100 is of things,
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also
(indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction
with prefix or suffix:--any (man), X he, X him, + O that!
what, which, who(-m, -se, -soever), + would to God.
see HEBREW for 04100
מִי (mi) — who?.
who?, whose?, whom?, would that, whoever, whosoever
Part — PronounHPi
אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.
אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these
in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
with preps.
base
H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
. with preps.
428 'el-leh ale'-leh
prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one
sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,
thus, which, who(-m).
see HEBREW for 0411
אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.
1) these
1a) used before antecedent
1b) used following antecedent
Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)
Pron — ParticleHTm
עָב (‘ab) refers to a dark cloud or cloud mass, and can also mean a thicket. The word is derived from a root meaning to envelop or cover, suggesting density or darkness. It appears in contexts related to clouds and thick vegetation, as noted in 2 Chronicles 4:17.
עָב 53 n.m. dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket
base
H5645 עָב dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket
5645 `ab awb
(masculine and feminine); from 5743; properly, an envelope,
i.e. darkness (or density, 2 Chron. 4:17); specifically, a
(scud) cloud; also a copse:--clay, (thick) cloud, X thick,
thicket. Compare 5672.
see HEBREW for 05743
see HEBREW for 05672
עָב (av) — cloud.
1) darkness, cloud, thicket
1a) dark cloud
1b) cloud mass
1c) thicket (as refuge)
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
kloud (`anan, `abh; nephele, nephos):
I. Clouds in Palestine.
In the Bible few references are found of particular clouds or of clouds in connection with the phenomena of the weather conditions. The weather in Palestine is more even and has less variety than that in other lands. It is a long, narrow country with sea on the West and desert on the East. The wind coming from the West is always moist and brings clouds with it. If the temperature over the land is low enough the clouds will be condensed and rain will fall, but if the temperature is high, as in the five months of summer, there can be no rain even though clouds are seen. As a whole the winter is cloudy and the summer clear.
Cloud
The Hebrew so rendered means “a covering,” because clouds cover the sky. The word is used as a symbol of the Divine presence, as indicating the splendour of that glory which it conceals (Ex. 16:10; 33:9; Num. 11:25; 12:5; Job 22:14; Ps. 18:11). A “cloud without rain” is a proverbial saying, denoting a man who does not keep his promise (Prov. 16:15; Isa. 18:4; 25:5; Jude 1:12). A cloud is the figure of that which is transitory (Job 30:15;
The shelter given, and refreshment of rain promised, by clouds give them their peculiar prominence in Oriental imagery. When a cloud appears rain is ordinarily apprehended, and thus the "cloud without rain" becomes a proverb for the man of promise without performance. (Proverbs 16:15; Isaiah 18:4; 25:5; Jude 1:12) comp. Prov 25:14 The cloud is a figure of transitoriness, (Job 30:15; Hosea 6:4) and of whatever intercepts divine favor or human supplication. (Lamentations 2:1; 3:44) A bright cloud at times visited and rested on the mercy-seat. (
PILLAR OF, the miraculous token of the divine presence and care, Ex 14:24 16:10 Nu 12:5, which guided the Israelites in the desert; it was a means of protection and perhaps of shade by day, and gave them light by night, Ex 13:21,22 14:19,20. By it God directed their movements, Nu 9:15-23 14:14 De 1:33. See the beautiful application of the image to the future church in Isa 4:5.
עוּף (uwph) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning 'to fly,' with various nuances including hovering and fleeing. It can also imply covering or dimness, as seen in the related noun תְּעֻפָה (teʾuphah), which refers to gloom. The word appears in different forms, such as Qal and Hiphil, indicating various actions related to flight.
עוּף vb. fly
Qal
fly, of birds
hover (protectingly)
fly away
Hiph. dost thou cause thine eyes to fly
Pō‛l.
fly about, to and fro
cause to fly to and fro, brandish
Hithpō‛l. like a bird their glory shall fly away
H5774a עוּף fly H5774b תְּעֻפָה n. f. id. [מוּעָף]
5774 `uwph oof
a primitive root; to cover (with wings or obscurity); hence
(as denominative from 5775) to fly; also (by implication of
dimness) to faint (from the darkness of swooning):--brandish,
be (wax) faint, flee away, fly (away), X set, shine forth,
weary.
see HEBREW for 05775
עוּף (uph) — to fly.
v
1) to fly, fly about, fly away
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to fly, hover
1a2) to fly away
1b) (Hiphil) to cause to fly, light upon
1c) (Polel)
1c1) to fly about or to and fro
1c2) to cause to fly to and fro, brandish
1d) (Hithpolel) to fly away
2) (Qal) to cover, be dark
תְּעֻפָה (te.u.phah) — gloom.
gloom
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine pluralHVqi3fp
(Verb; `uph petaomai, or, contracted, ptaomai):
Used in preference to "flee" when great speed is to be indicated. "To fly" is used: (1) Literally, of birds, `uph (Ge 1:20; Ps 55:6); da'ah (De 28:49), of sparks (Job 5:7); of the arrow (Ps 91:5); of the seraphim (Isa 6:2,6); of an angel (Da 9:21, ya`aph, "to be caused to fly"); of swift action or movement (Ps 18:10; Jer 48:40); of people (
Fly
Heb. zebub, (Eccl. 10:1; Isa. 7:18). This fly was so grievous a pest that the Phoenicians invoked against it the aid of their god Baal-zebub (q.v.). The prophet Isaiah (7:18) alludes to some poisonous fly which was believed to be found on the confines of Egypt, and which would be called by the Lord. Poisonous flies exist in many parts of Africa, for instance, the different kinds of tsetse.
Heb. ‘arob, the name given to the insects sent as a plague on the land of Egypt (Ex. 8:21-31; Ps. 78:45; 105:31). The LXX. render this by a word which means the “dog-fly,” the cynomuia. The Jewish commentators regarded the Hebrew word here as connected with the word ’arab, which means…
A genus of insects, of which there are a great many species. Moses declares them and most other insects to be unclean, Le 11:42. They abound in Egypt, and are annoying and vexatious in the extreme, attacking the eyelids, etc., in swarms and with the utmost pertinacity. How intolerable a plague of flies may be, is evident from the fact that whole districts in the Levant have been for a time depopulated by them, the inhabitants being unable to stand against their incessant attacks, Ex 8:24. The Philistines and Canaanites adored Beelzebub, the fly-god, probably as a patron to protect them against these tormenting insects.
In Isa 7:18, the prophet describing the armies of Egypt and Assyria, each under the symbol of one of the…
→ See FLIES
יוֹנָה (yownah) means 'dove' or 'pigeon.' It is likely derived from a root related to warmth, possibly reflecting the bird's mating behavior. The entries consistently refer to this word without significant disagreement.
יוֹנָה n.f. dove
base
H3123 יוֹנָה dove
3123 yownah yo-naw'
probably from the same as 3196; a dove (apparently from the
warmth of their mating):--dove, pigeon.
see HEBREW for 03196
יוֹנָה (yo.nah) — dove.
dove, pigeon
Conj | Prep | N-fp — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Rd/Ncmpa
Were clean according to the Mosaic ritual, and were offered in sacrifice, especially by the poor, Ge 15:9 Le 5:7 12:6-8 Lu 2:24. Several kinds of doves or pigeons frequented the Holy Land; and the immense flocks of them sometimes witnessed illustrate a passage in Isa 60:8. They are symbols of simplicity, innocence, and fidelity, Ho 7:11 Mt 10:16. The dove was the chosen harbinger of God’s returning favor after the flood, Ge 8:1-22, and was honored as an emblem of the Holy Spirit,
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Prep — PrepositionHR
אֲרֻבָּה (arubbah) refers to a lattice or window, with implications for structures like chimneys and sluices that have openings. It is derived from a passive participle form of another root, suggesting a sense of something that is open or allows passage. The term is used in contexts related to ventilation or light.
אֲרֻבָּה n.f. lattice, window, sluice
base
H699 אֲרֻבָּה lattice, window, sluice
699 'arubbah ar-oob-baw'
feminine participle passive of 693 (as if for lurking); a
lattice; (by implication) a window, dove-cot (because of the
pigeon-holes), chimney (with its apertures for smoke), sluice
(with openings for water):--chimney, window.
see HEBREW for 0693
אֲרֻבָּה (a.rub.bah) — window.
1) lattice, window, sluice
2) (CLBL) chimney (lattice opening where smoke escapes)
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3mp