Joshua 12:4 — Word Study
WLCוּגְב֗וּל ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן מִיֶּ֖תֶר הָרְפָאִ֑ים הַיּוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶֽעִי׃
BSAAndgᵉbûwl OgʻÔwg [a powerful king, last of the giants] kingmelek of BashanBâshân one of the remnantyether [surviving descendants, excess] of the Rephaimrâphâʼ [giants, Raphaite] who livedyâshab [to dwell, remain] in AshtarothʻAshtârôwth [a place east of the Jordan, associated with a Sidonian deity] and Edreiʼedreʻîy [a chief city in Bashan, meaning 'goodly pasture']
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּגְב֗וּל | and [the] territory of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| ע֚וֹג | Og | Noun proper masculine |
| מֶ֣לֶךְ | [the] king of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| הַבָּשָׁ֔ן | Bashan | Particle, noun proper |
| מִיֶּ֖תֶר | one of [the] remnant of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| הָרְפָאִ֑ים | the Rephaites | Particle, noun gentilic masculine plural absolute |
| הַיּוֹשֵׁ֥ב | who dwelt | Particle, verb qal participle (active) masculine singular |
| בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת | in Ashtaroth | Preposition, noun proper |
| וּבְאֶדְרֶֽעִי׃ | and in Edrei | Conjunction, preposition, noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | And Og king of Bashan, one of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei. |
| KJV | ¶ And the coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei, |
| ASV | and the border of Og king of Bashan, of the remnant of the Rephaim, who dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei, |
| YLT | And the border of Og king of Bashan (of the remnant of the Rephaim), who is dwelling in Ashtaroth and in Edrei, |
| WEB | and the border of Og king of Bashan, of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived at Ashtaroth and at Edrei, |
| BBE | And the land of Og, king of Bashan, of the rest of the Rephaim, who was living at Ashtaroth and at Edrei, |
Translations consistently identify Og as the king of Bashan and one of the remnant of the Rephaim.
The structure features a main clause with two subordinate phrases that describe Og's identity and his dwelling places.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 12:4
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Kings Defeated by Israelgenerated
Joshua 12:4 describes Og, the king of Bashan, who was one of the last of the giants known as the Rephaim. This verse highlights his significance in the biblical narrative as a powerful figure defeated by the Israelites. The context emphasizes the conquests made by Moses and the Israelites in their journey to claim the Promised Land, as seen in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Numbers 21:33–35 | Then they turned and went up the road to Bashan, and Og king of Bashan and his whole army came out to meet them in battle at Edrei. |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 3:1–7 | Then we turned and went up the road to Bashan, and Og king of Bashan and his whole army came out to meet us in battle at Edrei. |
| 3 | Joshua 13:12 | the whole kingdom of Og in Bashan, who had reigned in Ashtaroth and Edrei and had remained as a remnant of the Rephaim. Moses had struck them down and dispossessed them, |
| 4 | Deuteronomy 3:11 | (For only Og king of Bashan had remained of the remnant of the Rephaim. His bed of iron, nine cubits long and four cubits wide, is still in Rabbah of the Ammonites.) |
| 5 | Deuteronomy 1:4 | This was after he had defeated Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and then at Edrei had defeated Og king of Bashan, who lived in Ashtaroth. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עוֹג, oggenerated
The name עוֹג (og) refers to a powerful king of Bashan, noted for being one of the last giants of the Rephaim. His name likely means 'long-necked', which may symbolize his stature and strength. The parsing indicates that this is a proper noun, identifying him specifically as a historical figure.
Og's mention as a remnant of the Rephaim connects him to a lineage of giants, emphasizing his formidable nature. His defeat by the Israelites is a significant event in the conquest narrative, marking the end of an era of giants in the land.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main finite verb in the verse is יּוֹשֵׁ֥ב, who dwelt, which governs the subject and the description of Og's territory. The structure indicates that the focus is on Og's identity and his dwelling places.
The sentence is constructed with a series of noun phrases that elaborate on Og's title, lineage, and location, creating a detailed description of his significance.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עוֹג as ωγ, maintaining the name of the king without alteration. This shows a direct correspondence in identifying Og as a historical figure.
The use of the term רְפָאִים is rendered as γιγάντων in the Septuagint, which means 'giants'. This choice emphasizes the stature of Og within the context of the Rephaim.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 12:4 tells us about Og, the king of Bashan, who was one of the last giants known as the Rephaim. He lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei, which were significant locations in the region. This verse highlights his power and the history of Israel's conquests.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Og was the king of Bashan and one of the last giants of the Rephaim, known for his formidable strength.
Being a remnant of the Rephaim indicates that Og belonged to a lineage of giants that had largely disappeared by the time of the Israelites' conquests.
Og's defeat by the Israelites is a key event in the conquest of the Promised Land, symbolizing the end of the giants' reign.
Og is associated with Ashtaroth and Edrei, both significant cities in the territory of Bashan.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from Og's story about the challenges faced by the Israelites?
- How does the mention of giants like Og shape our understanding of the biblical narrative?
- In what ways can we see remnants of past struggles in our own lives?
- What does Og's defeat teach us about faith and overcoming obstacles?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 12:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the coast of Og king of Bashan,.... The country that he reigned over, who was another king of the Amorites, smitten by Israel in the times of Moses: [which was] of the remnant of the giants; [See
Read John Gill on Joshua 12 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentarySihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is upon the bank of the river Arnon, and from the middle of the river, and from half Gilead, even unto the river Jabbok,
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 12 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleTo wit, successively; sometimes at the one, sometimes at the other city; both being his royal mansions.
Read Matthew Poole on Joshua 12 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJoshua 12:4 And the coast of Og king of Bashan, [which was] of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,Ver. 4. Which was of the remnant of giants.] Slain by the Ammonites. Raphaims, they called themselves, that is, Physicians or Preservers; but indeed they were Zamzummims, that is, boisterous and abominable. Nomen inane, crimen immane.
Read John Trapp on Joshua 12 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 4. Coast of Og king of Bashan] Concerning this person see the notes on Deuteronomy 3:11, and on Numbers 21:35, c. The remnant or the giants] Or, Rephaim. See the notes on Genesis 6:4; Genesis 14:5, and Deuteronomy 2:7; Deuteronomy 2:11.
Read AdamClarke on Joshua 12 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges4. the coast of Og] See Numbers 21:33; Numbers 21:35; Deuteronomy 3:4; Deuteronomy 3:10. at Ashtaroth] The residence of Og. It is now called Tel Ashterah, or Asherah. The Tel (hill) rises to a height of between fifty and a hundred feet from the level of the plain, in which ruins lie scattered. At the foot of the hill are ancient foundations of walls and copious springs. at Edrei] = Strength. Here, “in the Thermopylæ of his kingdom,” Og was slain. See Numbers 21:33-35; Deuteronomy 3:1-3. On a rocky promontory, 1½ miles wide, and 2½ miles long, south-west of the basaltic district of Argob, rose the city, “without water, without access save over rocks, and through defiles almost impracticable.…
Read Cambridge on Joshua 12 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible4. The coast of Og — The territory of this king, with its boundaries. Remnant of the giants — Or, of the Rephaim. A race of giants who once peopled Eastern Palestine. Genesis 14:5.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 12 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
And Og king of Bashan, one of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei.
and the border of Og king of Bashan, of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,
And Og king of Bashan, one of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei.
The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei
Tyndale line
¶ And the coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,
and the border of Og king of Bashan, of the remnant of the Rephaim, who dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,
and the border of Og king of Bashan, of the remnant of the Rephaim, who dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,
And the coast of Og king of Bashan, who was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,
They conquered also the coast of Og King of Bashan of the remnant of the gyants, which dwelt at Ashtaroth, and at Edrei,
Strictly literal
and the territory of Og the king of Bashan, of the residue of the giants, who dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,
And the border of Og king of Bashan (of the remnant of the Rephaim), who is dwelling in Ashtaroth and in Edrei,
And the border of Og king of Bashan (of the remnant of the Rephaim), who is dwelling in Ashtaroth and in Edrei,
And the territory of 'Og the king of Bashan, who was of the remnant of the Rephaim, that dwelt at 'Ashtaroth and at Edre'i,
Og, king of Bashan, one of the remnant of the Rephaim, lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei.
From the Latin
The border of Og the king of Basan, of the remnant of the Raphaims who dwelt in Astaroth, and in Edrai, and had dominion in mount Hermon, and in Salecha, and in all Basan, unto the borders
Simplified
King Og of Bashan, one of the last of the Rephaites, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei,
And the land of Og, king of Bashan, of the rest of the Rephaim, who was living at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their wording for this verse, with all nine words matched in the translation. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of Og's identity and significance.
וּגְב֗וּל ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן מִיֶּ֖תֶר הָרְפָאִ֑ים הַיּוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶֽעִי׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 12:4
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
גְּבוּל (gbuwl) refers to a border or boundary, often implying a defined territory. It can denote a physical limit, such as a coast or landmark, and can also have figurative uses, like a region of darkness. The word is derived from a root meaning 'cord' and encompasses various meanings related to boundaries and territories.
גְּבוּל 240 n.m. border, boundary, territory
border, boundary
territory (enclosed within boundary)
base
H1366 גְּבוּל border, boundary, territory
1366 gbuwl gheb-ool'
or (shortened) gbul {gheb-ool'}; from 1379; properly, a cord
(as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extens. the
territory inclosed:--border, bound, coast, X great, landmark,
limit, quarter, space.
see HEBREW for 01379
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: boundary.
: boundary
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
Also means: ge.vul (גְּבוּל ": area" H1366H)
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: area.
: area
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עוֹג (Owg) refers to Og, the giant king of Bashan, known for being one of the last of the Rephaim. The name is likely derived from a root meaning 'round.' He is first mentioned in Numbers 21:33, and is characterized as a significant figure during the time of the Exodus.
עוֹג and עֹג n.pr.m. Og, giant king of Bashan
base
H5747 עוֹג and עֹג Og, giant king of Bashan
5747 `Owg ogue
probably from 5746; round; Og, a king of Bashan:--Og.
see HEBREW for 05746
עוֹג (og) — Og.
A man of Bashan living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Num.21.33
§ Og = "long-necked"
the Amorite king of Bashan and one of the last representatives of the giants of Rephaim
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(`ogh; Og): King of Bashan, whose territory, embracing 60 cities, was conquered by Moses and the Israelites immediately after the conquest of Sihon, king of the Amorites (Nu 21:33-35; De 3:1-12). The defeat took place at Edrei, one of the chief of these cities (Nu 21:33; Jos 12:4), and Og and his people were "utterly destroyed" (De 3:6). Og is described as the last of the REPHAIM (which see), or giant-race of that district, and his giant stature is borne out by what is told in De 3:11 of the dimensions of his "bedstead of iron" (`eres barzel), 9 cubits long and 4 broad…
Og
Gigantic, the king of Bashan, who was defeated by Moses in a pitched battle at Edrei, and was slain along with his sons (Deut. 1:4), and whose kingdom was given to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh (Num. 21:32-35; Deut. 3:1-13). His bedstead (or rather sarcophagus) was of iron (or ironstone), 9 cubits in length and 4 cubits in breadth. His overthrow was afterwards celebrated in song (Ps. 135:11; 136:20). (See SIHON.)
(giant , literally long-necked), an Amoritish king of Bashan, whose rule extended over sixty cities. (Joshua 13:12) He was one of the last representatives of the giant race of Rephaim, and was, with his children and his people, defeated and exterminated by the Israelites at Edrei immediately after the conquest of Sihon. (Numbers 32:33; 3:1-13) Also (1:4; 4:47; 31:4; Joshua 2:10; 9:10; 13:12,30) The belief in Og’s enormous stature is corroborated by an allusion to his iron bedstead preserved in "Rabbath of the children of Ammon." (3:11) (B.C. 1461.)
An Amoritish king of Bashan east of the Jordan, defeated and slain by the Israelites under Moses. He was a giant in stature, on e of the last of the Rephaim who had possessed that region; and his iron bedstead, fourteen feet long, was preserved after his death as a relic. Ashtaroth-carnaim and Edrei were his chief cities; but there were many other walled towns, and the land was rich in flocks and herds. It was assigned by Moses to the half-tribe of Manasseh, Nu 21:33 32:33 De 1:4 3:1-13 4:47 31:4 Jos 2:10 12:4 13:30.
The Hebrew word מֶ֫לֶךְ (*melek*) means 'king.' It is derived from a root that suggests royalty. The term appears in various contexts, including references to specific kings and locations, such as the 'King's Highway' in Numbers 20:17 and the 'King's Valley' in Genesis 14:17. The lexicons note its Aramaic equivalent and mention its use in the context of individuals like Hammelech in Jeremiah.
מֶ֫לֶךְ 2513 n.m. king
base
H4428 מֶ֫לֶךְ king
4428 melek meh'-lek
from 4427; a king:--king, royal.
see HEBREW for 04427
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.
1) king
Aramaic equivalent: me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4430)
הַמֶּלֶךְ (me.lekh) — `the king`.
'the king' or a name, Hammelech in KJV of Jer.36.26; 38.6- a man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;
father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";
§ A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;
father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
King's (Highway) (Num.20.17)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
Another name of she.lach (שֶׁ֫לַח "Shelah" H7975A)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — Milcom.
Another name of mo.lekh (מֹ֫לֶךְ "Molech" H4432)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
בָּשָׁן (Bashan) refers to a fertile region east of the Jordan River, first noted as the kingdom of Og. It extends from the Jabboḳ stream to Mount Hermon, and is associated with smooth and fruitful land, significant for the half-tribe of Manasseh.
בָּשָׁן 60 n.pr.terr.m. (smooth (& fertile) land) Bashan, first mentioned as kingdom of Og, E. of Jordan, stretching from stream Jabboḳ (thus including northern Gilead) northward to Hermon, between Gennesaret (W) and mts of Hauran (E)
base
H1316 בָּשָׁן Bashan, first mentioned as kingdom of Og, E. of Jordan, stretching from stream Jabboḳ (thus including northern Gilead) northward to Hermon, between Gennesaret (W) and mts of Hauran (E)
1316 Bashan baw-shawn'
of uncertain derivation; Bashan (often with the article), a
region East of the Jordan:--Bashan.
בָּשָׁן (ba.shan) — Bashan.
§ Bashan = "fruitful"
a district east of the Jordan known for its fertility which was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh
Art | N-proper — Particle · noun properHTd/Npl
ba'-shan (ha-bashan, "the Bashan"; Basan): This name is probably the same in meaning as the cognate Arabic bathneh, "soft, fertile land," or bathaniyeh (batanaea), "this land sown with wheat" ("wheatland").
1. Boundaries:
It often occurs with the article, "the Bashan," to describe the kingdom of Og, the most northerly part of the land East of the Jordan. It stretched from the border of Gilead in the South to the slopes of Hermen in the North. Hermon itself is never definitely included in Bashan, although Og is said to have ruled in that mountain (Jos 12:5; 13:11). In De 3:10 Salecah and Edrei seem to indicate the East and West limits respectively. This would agree with Jos 12:5; 13:11, which seem to make Geshur and Maacath the…
Bashan
Light soil, first mentioned in Gen. 14:5, where it is said that Chedorlaomer and his confederates “smote the Rephaim in Ashteroth,” where Og the king of Bashan had his residence. At the time of Israel’s entrance into the Promised Land, Og came out against them, but was utterly routed (Num. 21:33-35; Deut. 3:1-7). This country extended from Gilead in the south to Hermon in the north, and from the Jordan on the west to Salcah on the east. Along with the half of Gilead it was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh (Josh. 13:29-31). Golan, one of its cities, became a “city of refuge” (Josh. 21:27). Argob, in Bashan, was…
(fruitful), a district on the east of Jordan. It is sometimes spoken of as the "land of Bashan," (1 Chronicles 5:11) and comp. Numb 21:33; 32:33 And sometimes as "all Bashan." (3:10,13; Joshua 12:5; 13:12,30) It was taken by the children of Israel after their conquest of the land of Sihon from Arnon to Jabbok. The limits of Bashan are very strictly defined. It extended from the "border of Gilead" on the south to Mount Hermon on the north, (3:3,10,14; Joshua 12:5; 1 Chronicles 5:23) and from the Arabah or Jordan valley on the west to Salchah (Sulkhad) and the border of the Geshurites and the Maachathites on the east. (Joshua…
Fat, fruitful, Nu 21:33, a rich hilly district lying east of the Jordan, and between the mountains of Hermon on the north, and those of Gilead and Ammon on the south. The country takes its name from its soft and sandy soil. It is celebrated in Scripture for its rich pasturage: "Rams, of the breed of Bashan," De 32:14; "Rams, bulls, goats, all of them fatlings of Bashan," Eze 39:18. The oaks of Bashan are mentioned in connection with the cedars of Lebanon, Isa 2:13. Modern travelers describe the country as still abounding with verdant and fertile meadows, valleys traversed by refreshing streams, hills crowned with forests, and pastures offering an abundance to the flocks…
The Hebrew word יֶ֫תֶר (*yether*) encompasses meanings related to remainder, excess, and excellence, as well as a small cord. It is derived from a root meaning 'to remain' and can refer to both a surplus or remnant and a physical string. The entries consistently highlight its dual meanings without significant disagreement.
יֶ֫תֶר 94 n.m. remainder, excellence, excess
base
יֶ֫תֶר n.m. cord (prop. as hanging over or down)
base
H3499a יֶ֫תֶר remainder, excellence, excess H3499b יֶ֫תֶר cord
3499 yether yeh'-ther
from 3498; properly, an overhanging, i.e. (by implication) an
excess, superiority, remainder; also a small rope (as hanging
free):--+ abundant, cord, exceeding, excellancy(-ent), what
they leave, that hath left, plentifully, remnant, residue,
rest, string, with.
see HEBREW for 03498
יֶ֫תֶר (ye.ter) — remainder.
1) remainder, excess, rest, remnant, excellence
1a) remainder, remnant
1b) remainder, rest, other part
1c) excess
1d) abundantly (adv)
1e) abundance, affluence
1f) superiority, excellency
יֶ֫תֶר (ye.ter) — cord.
cord
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רָפָה (rapha') refers to a giant, specifically associated with the Rephaim, an ancient race of giants mentioned in the Old Testament. The term encompasses both the individual Rapha and the collective Rephaim, who are described as descendants of Rapha. The entries highlight the connection to invigorating or healing, but primarily focus on the notion of giants.
רָפָה, רָפָא as n.pr.m. Hā-Rāphā
base
רְפָאִים n.pr.gent. old race of giants
base
H7497a רָפָה, רָפָא Hā-Rāphā H7497b רְפָאִים n. pr. gent. old race of giants
7497 rapha' raw-faw'
or raphah {raw-faw'}; from 7495 in the sense of invigorating;
a giant:--giant, Rapha, Rephaim(-s). See also 1051.
see HEBREW for 07495
see HEBREW for 01051
רָפָה (ra.pah) — Rapha.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.21.16;
father of: Goliath (H1555), Ishbi-benob (H3430), Saph (H5593), Lahmi (H3902), huge_man (H4060A); also translated "giant";
Also named: re.pha.im (רְפָאִים "Raphaite" H7497H)
§ giant, Rephah
רְפָאִים (re.pha.im) — Rephaim.
1) giants, Rephaim
1a) old tribe of giants
2) People descended from Repha(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.5
Also named: zam.zom (זַמְזֻמִּים "Zamzummin" H2157)
רְפָאִים (re.pha.im) — (Valley of) Rephaim.
Combined with e.meq (עֵ֫מֶק " Valley" H6010P)
This name means giants,
רְפָאִים (re.pha.im) — Raphaite.
Descendants from Rapha, who lived at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.21.16;
father of: Goliath (H1555), Ishbi-benob (H3430), Saph (H5593), Lahmi (H3902), huge_man (H4060A); also translated "giant";
Art | N-proper — Particle · noun gentilic masculine plural absoluteHTd/Ngmpa
יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.
יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell
Qal
sit
sit, sit down
sit down
sit = be set (as a jewel)
remain, stay, tarry
with special emphasis of qualifying phr.
dwell, have one’s abode
of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited
Niph. be inhabited, of land
Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee
Hiph.
cause to sit
cause to abide
cause to dwell
cause cities to be inhabited
marry (prop. give a dwelling to)
Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land
base
H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell
3427 yashab yaw-shab'
a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as
judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to
remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)
abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease
self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)
inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),
(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),
(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),
take, tarry.
יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.
1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sit, sit down
1a2) to be set
1a3) to remain, stay
1a4) to dwell, have one's abode
1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited
1c) (Piel) to set, place
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to sit
1d2) to cause to abide, set
1d3) to cause to dwell
1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited
1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)
1e) (Hophal)
1e1) to be inhabited
1e2) to make to dwell
Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
Art | V-Qal — Particle · verb qal participle (active) masculine singularHTd/Vqrmsa
עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (Ashtarowth) refers to both a Sidonian deity associated with fertility and a location east of the Jordan River. It is the plural form of עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (Ashtaroth), which means 'star.' The entries highlight its significance in Canaanite religion and its mention as a city in Bashan.
עַשְׁתָּרוֹת E. of Jordan
base
H6252 עַשְׁתָּרוֹת E. of Jordan
6252 `Ashtarowth ash-taw-roth'
or bAshtaroth {ash-taw-roth'}; plural of 6251; Ashtaroth, the
name of a Sidonian deity, and of a place East of the
Jordan:--Asharoth, Astaroth. See also 1045, 6253, 6255.
see HEBREW for 06251
see HEBREW for 01045
see HEBREW for 06253
see HEBREW for 06255
עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (ash.ta.rot) — Ashtaroth.
§ Ashtaroth or Astaroth = "star"
false goddesses in the Canaanite religion, usually related to fertility cult
עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (ash.ta.rot) — Ashtaroth.
§ Ashtaroth or Astaroth = "star"
a city in Bashan east of the Jordan given to Manasseh
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
Plural of Ashtoreth. See ASHTORETH.
Ashtaroth
A city of Bashan, in the kingdom of Og (Deut. 1:4; Josh. 12:4; 13:12; 9:10). It was in the half-tribe of Manasseh (Josh. 13:12), and as a Levitical city was given to the Gershonites (1 Chr. 6:71). Uzzia, one of David’s valiant men (1 Chr. 11:44), is named as of this city. It is identified with Tell Ashterah, in the Hauran, and is noticed on monuments B.C. 1700-1500. The name Beesh-terah (Josh. 21:27) is a contraction for Beth-eshterah, i.e., “the house of Ashtaroth.”
and once As’taroth (a star), a city on the east of Jordan in Bashan, in the kingdom of Og, doubtless so called from being a seat of the worship of the goddess of the same name. (1:4; Joshua 9:10; 12:4; 13:12)
Ashtoreth, flocks; sheep; riches
אֶדְרֶ֫עִי (edre`iy) refers to a chief city of Bashan, noted for its might. The name is derived from the equivalent of another Hebrew word meaning 'mighty.' It is associated with two locations in Palestine, and one interpretation suggests that Edrei means 'goodly pasture.'
אֶדְרֶ֫עִי n.pr.loc. a chief city of Bashan
base
H154 אֶדְרֶ֫עִי a chief city of Bashan
154 'edre`iy ed-reh'-ee
from the equivalent of 153; mighty; Edrei, the name of two
places in Palestine:--Edrei.
see HEBREW for 0153
אֶדְרֶ֫עִי (ed.re.i) — Edrei.
§ Edrei = "goodly pasture"
a chief city of Bashan, north of Jabbok river
Conj | Prep | N-proper — Conjunction · preposition · noun properHC/R/Npl
ed'-re-i ('edhre`i; Edra-ein):
(1) One of the cities of Og, not far from Ashtaroth, where the power of his kingdom received its deathblow from the invading Israelites (Jos 12:4; Nu 21:33 ff, etc.). It seems to mark the western limit of Bashan as against Salecah on the East (De 3:10). It was given to Machir, son of Manasseh (Jos 13:31). Eusebius, Onomasticon places it 24 Roman miles from Bostra. The most probable identification is with Der`ah, a town of between 4,000 and 5,000 inhabitants, on the southern lip of Wady Zeideh, about 29 miles as the crow flies East of the Sea of Galilee. It is the center of an exceedingly fruitful district. The accumulated rubbish in the town…
Edrei
Mighty; strength. (1.) One of the chief towns of the kingdom of Bashan (Josh. 12:4, 5). Here Og was defeated by the Israelites, and the strength of the Amorites broken (Num. 21:33-35). It subsequently belonged to Manasseh, for a short time apparently, and afterwards became the abode of banditti and outlaws (Josh. 13:31). It has been identified with the modern Edr’a, which stands on a rocky promontory on the south-west edge of the Lejah (the Argob of the Hebrews, and Trachonitis of the Greeks). The ruins of Edr’a are the most extensive in the Hauran. They are 3 miles in circumference. A number of the ancient houses still remain; the walls, roofs, and doors being all of stone. The wild region of which Edrei was the capital…
(stronghold). One of the two capital cities of Bashan, in the territory of Manasseh east of the Jordan. (Numbers 21:33; 1:4; 3:10; Joshua 12:4) In Scripture it is only mentioned in connection with the victory gained by the Israelites over the Amorites under Og their king, and the territory thus acquired. The ruins of this ancient city, still bearing the name Edr’a , stand on a rocky promontory which projects from the southwest corner of the Lejah. The ruins are nearly three miles in circumference, and have a strange, wild, look, rising up in dark, shattered masses from the midst of a wilderness of black rocks. A town of northern Palestine, allotted to the tribe of Naphtali, and situated near Kedesh. (Joshua 19:37) About two…
One of the capitals of Bashan, near which Og and his forces were destroyed, Nu 21:33-35 De 1:4 3:1-3. It afterwards fell within the limits of Manasseh, Jos 13:31. Its ruins cover a large space; it was a place of some note in the early ages of Christianity and in the era of the crusades. It is now called Draa, and lies about thirty-five miles east of the outlet of the Sea of Galilee.