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Leviticus 24:5 — Word Study

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WLCוְלָקַחְתָּ֣ סֹ֔לֶת וְאָפִיתָ֣ אֹתָ֔הּ שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה חַלּ֑וֹת שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים יִהְיֶ֖ה הַֽחַלָּ֥ה הָאֶחָֽת׃

BSAYou are also to takelâqach [receive, get] fine flourçôleth [the best meal, pure wheat] and bakeʼâphâh [cook, make] twelveshᵉnayim loaveschallâh [cakes, buns] usinghâyâh two-tenths of an ephahshᵉnayim [a tenth part, 10%, a unit of measurement, about 4 quarts] for eachʼechâd loafchallâh [cake, one of twelve]

Word
Listen & take awayLeviticus 24
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 5 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ha.'e.Chat) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Leviticus 24:5quick helps
In a sentenceInstructions for making bread for the tabernacle are given.
Who is speakingThe LORD, providing detailed instructions to the Israelites.
Where we areIn the context of the laws regarding offerings and the tabernacle.
The hard wordחַלָּה
Take awayThe preparation of bread is a significant ritual act.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbלָקַח The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Leviticus 24:5

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Instructions for the Bread of the Presencegenerated

4He shall tend the lamps on the pure gold lampstand before the LORD continually.
5You are also to take fine flour and bake twelve loaves, using two-tenths of an ephah for each loaf,
6and set them in two rows—six per row—on the table of pure gold before the LORD.
7And you are to place pure frankincense near each row, so that it may serve as a memorial portion for the bread, an offering made by fire to the LORD.

Leviticus 24:5 outlines the specific instructions for the preparation of the twelve loaves of bread, which were to be placed on the table in the tabernacle as an offering to the LORD. This practice emphasized the importance of ritual purity and the provision of sustenance for the priests serving in the tabernacle, reflecting the community's relationship with God through their offerings.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Exodus 25:30And place the Bread of the Presence on the table before Me at all times.
2Exodus 40:23He arranged the bread on it before the LORD, just as the LORD had commanded him.
31 Kings 18:31And Elijah took twelve stones, one for each tribe of the sons of Jacob, to whom the word of the LORD had come and said, “Israel shall be your name.”
41 Samuel 21:4–5“There is no common bread on hand,” the priest replied, “but there is some consecrated bread—provided that the young men have kept themselves from women.”
5Matthew 12:4He entered the house of God, and he and his companions ate the consecrated bread, which was not lawful for them to eat, but only for the priests.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof: two tenth deals shall be in one cake.Exodus 25:30 Exodus 40:23 1 Kings 18:31 1 Samuel 21:4–5 Matthew 12:4 Acts 26:7 James 1:1

The Key Word חַלָּה, cha.Lotgenerated

The word חַלָּה (*challah*) refers to a type of bread that is often round and perforated. It is derived from a root meaning 'to pierce', indicating its unique shape. In this context, it signifies the bread that is to be offered to God, representing the sustenance provided by Him.

This noun is feminine singular and is used in the plural form in this verse, indicating the twelve loaves that were to be made. The significance of the number twelve relates to the twelve tribes of Israel, symbolizing their collective worship and dependence on God.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The verse is presented in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the term loaves for חַלָּה.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the verse is וְלָקַחְתָּ֣, and you will take, which governs the actions that follow. This verb leads into a compound sentence where various phrases describe the ingredients and the process of baking.

The structure emphasizes the sequential actions: taking the flour, baking the bread, and specifying the quantity and type of bread. This order reflects the methodical approach to the ritual.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ is rendered as λήμψεσθε, which conveys the sense of receiving or taking. This choice indicates a focus on the act of receiving the flour as a sacred duty.

The Septuagint also uses ἄρτους for חַלָּה, which translates to loaves, aligning with the Hebrew meaning while also reflecting the Greek understanding of bread as a staple food.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Leviticus 24:5 instructs the Israelites to take fine flour and bake twelve loaves of bread for the tabernacle. Each loaf is to be made using two-tenths of an ephah of flour. This bread is a part of the offerings made to God, symbolizing the people's devotion and sustenance.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What is the significance of the twelve loaves?

The twelve loaves represent the twelve tribes of Israel, symbolizing their collective worship and relationship with God.

Why is fine flour specifically mentioned?

Fine flour is a symbol of purity and quality, indicating that offerings to God should be the best and unblemished.

What does the process of baking signify?

Baking the loaves is a ritual act that underscores the importance of preparation and dedication in worship.

How does this practice relate to modern worship?

The preparation of offerings reflects the ongoing commitment to dedicate the best to God, a principle that continues in various forms of worship today.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How can I ensure that my offerings to God are of the best quality?
  2. What does the act of baking bread symbolize in my spiritual life?
  3. In what ways can I participate in communal worship like the twelve tribes of Israel?
  4. How does understanding the significance of the bread enhance my appreciation for ritual practices?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers reference this passage to discuss the significance of the bread in relation to the New Covenant, illustrating the transition from the Old to the New.

Cyril of JerusalemCatechetical Lecture 4.5 c. 313–386
The Old Covenant had its loaves of proposition, but they, as belonging to that covenant, have come to an end. The New Covenant has its heavenly bread and cup of salvation to sanctify both body and soul.
Early Church Fathers on Leviticus 24 →
BedeOn the Tabernacle 1.7 c. 673–735
The twelve loaves on the table of the tabernacle then are the twelve apostles and all those in the church who follow their teaching.
Early Church Fathers on Leviticus 24 →
BedeOn the Tabernacle 1.7 c. 673–735
In the first place, the figure of the twelve apostles is clearly foretold here in the very number of the loaves, for when the Lord appeared in flesh he chose them to be the first of those by whose ministry he gave the food of life to all…
Early Church Fathers on Leviticus 24 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Leviticus 24:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And thou shalt take fine flour,.... Of wheat, and the finest of it: and bake twelve cakes thereof; answerable to the twelve tribes, as the Targum of Jonathan, which were typical of the spiritual

Read John Gill on Leviticus 24 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof: two tenth deals shall be in one cake. Take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes - for the showbread, as previously appointed (Exodus 25:30).

Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 24 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Thou shalt take; by the priests or Levites, whose work it was to prepare them, . Twelve cakes, representing the twelve tribes. Two tenth deals, i.e. two omers. See .

Read Matthew Poole on Leviticus 24 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Leviticus 24:5 And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof: two tenth deals shall be in one cake.Ver. 5. Twelve cakes.]

Read John Trapp on Leviticus 24 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(5) And bake twelve cakes.—The next order is about the preparation of the shewbread, and the use to be made of it. It was made in the following manner. Twenty-four seahs of wheat, which were brought as a meat offering, were beaten and ground, and after passing through twelve different sieves each finer than the other, twenty-four tenth-deals of the finest flour were obtained. The dough was kneaded outside the court, and after it was put into a golden mould of a definite size and form to impart the prescribed size and shape to each cake, was brought into the court. Here it was taken out of the first golden mould, and put into a second of the same material and form, and baked in it. As soon…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 24 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 5. Bake twelve cakes] See the whole account of the shew-bread in Clarke's notes on "Exodus 25:30"; and relative to the table on which they stood, the golden candlestick and silver trumpets carried in triumph to Rome, See Clarke on Exodus 25:31.

Read AdamClarke on Leviticus 24 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

5–9. The ordering of the shewbread Cp. Exodus 25:30; Exodus 37:10 ff.; Numbers 4:7. The ‘twelve cakes’ are not here given this name. For its origin and for parallels to the custom in other religions, see Driver, Exodus 25:30, and HDB. s.v. The undoubtedly correct rendering is presence-bread (lit. bread of the countenance [of God]), as in R.V. mg. there, i.e. bread which was placed as an offering in the presence of the Lord. Cp. the expression used of this bread in the story of 1 Samuel 21:6 [Matthew 7], ‘taken from before [from the presence of] the Lord.’ The LXX. mostly render by ἄρτοιτῆςπρθέσεως, loaves of the setting forth (or, before [God]).

Read Cambridge on Leviticus 24 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

5. Twelve cakes — The number of the tribes of Israel. Two tenth deals — See Leviticus 23:13. According to the lowest estimate, that of the rabbins, there would be ten and a half gallons required for the twelve loaves.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Leviticus 24 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

You are also to take fine flour and bake twelve loaves, using two-tenths of an ephah for each loaf,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“You shall take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes of it: two tenths of an ephah shall be in one cake.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

You are also to take fine flour and bake twelve loaves, using two-tenths of an ephah for each loaf,

NETBNew English Translation2006

“You must take choice wheat flour and bake twelve loaves; there must be two tenths of an ephah of flour in each loaf,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

¶ And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof: two tenth deals shall be in one cake.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof: two tenth parts of an ephah shall be in one cake.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof: two tenth parts of an ephah shall be in one cake.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes of it: two tenth-parts shall be in one cake.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Also thou shalt take fine floure, and bake twelue cakes thereof: two tenth deales shalbe in one cake.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And thou shalt take fine wheaten flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof; each cake shall be of two tenths.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

'And thou hast taken flour, and hast baked twelve cakes with it, two tenth deals are in the one cake,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And you have taken flour, and have baked twelve cakes with it, two-tenth parts are in one cake,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake thereof twelve cakes: of two tenth parts shall each one cake be.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

You must take fine flour and bake twelve loaves with it. There must be two-tenths of an ephah in each loaf.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Thou shalt take also fine hour, and shalt bake twelve leaves thereof, two tenths shall be in every loaf:

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Using the best flour bake twelve loaves, with two-tenths of an ephah of flour per loaf.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And take the best meal and make twelve cakes of it, a fifth part of an ephah in every cake.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseverbלָקַחְתָּ֣you.will.takeobjectסֹ֔לֶתfine.flourוְandclauseverbאָפִיתָ֣you.will.bakenoun phrase · objectאֹתָ֔הּitnoun phrase · second objectnumeral phraseשְׁתֵּ֥יםtwo.plusעֶשְׂרֵ֖הtenחַלּ֑וֹתcakesclausenoun phrase · objectשְׁנֵי֙twoעֶשְׂרֹנִ֔יםtenthsverbיִהְיֶ֖הit.will.benoun phrase · subjectהַֽthenoun phraseחַלָּ֥הcakenumeral phraseהָ(the)אֶחָֽתone

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text is supported by the Samaritan Pentateuch, which agrees word for word. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but align closely with the Masoretic Text overall, indicating a consistent tradition in this instruction.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ סֹ֔לֶת וְאָפִיתָ֣ אֹתָ֔הּ שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה חַלּ֑וֹת שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים יִהְיֶ֖ה הַֽחַלָּ֥ה הָאֶחָֽת׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְלָקַחְתָּ֣λήμψεσθεסֹ֔לֶתσεμίδαλινוְאָפִיתָ֣ποιήσετεאֹתָ֔הּαὐτὴνעֶשְׂרֵ֖הδώδεκαחַלּ֑וֹתἄρτουςשְׁנֵי֙δύοעֶשְׂרֹנִ֔יםδεκάτωνיִהְיֶ֖הἔσταιהַֽחַלָּ֥הἄρτοςהָאֶחָֽת׃εἷς

11 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

ולקחת סלת ואפית אתה שׁתים עשׂרה חלות שׁני עשׂרנים יהיה החלה האחת

Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q24a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[ולקחת] [סלת] [ואפית] את׳ה שתים [עשרה] [חלות] [שני] עשרונים יהיה [החלה] [האחת]

1 word on the leather — 3 partly restored, 8 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Leviticus 24:5לָקַחand you wiland you will taלָקַחסֹ֫לֶתfine flourfine flourסֹ֫לֶתאָפָהand you wiland you will baאָפָהאֵתthe object the object markאֵתשְׁנַ֫יִםtwo [plus]two [plus]שְׁנַ֫יִםעָשָׂרtentenעָשָׂרחַלָּהround perforound perforateחַלָּהשְׁנַ֫יִםtwotwoשְׁנַ֫יִםעִשָּׂרוֹןtenthstenthsעִשָּׂרוֹןהָיָהit will beit will beהָיָהחַלָּהthe round pthe round perfoחַלָּהאֶחָדoneoneאֶחָדחָלַלto boreto boreחָלַלעֶשֶׂרtentenעֶשֶׂראוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתשֵׁנִיsecondsecondשֵׁנִיחָדַדto go eithto go either waחָדַדהָוָאto fallto fallהָוָאאַ֫יִלramramאַ֫יִלבָּלַלto mixto mixבָּלַלעָשָׂרtentenעָשָׂרמַצָּהunleavenedunleavened breaמַצָּהמוּסָרdisciplinedisciplineמוּסָראִשָּׁהwomanwomanאִשָּׁהעִשָּׂרוֹןtenthtenthעִשָּׂרוֹןמַשְׁקֶהcupbearercupbearerמַשְׁקֶהתַּנּוּרovenovenתַּנּוּרמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁשְׁמֹנֶהeighteightשְׁמֹנֶהחֹ֫דֶשׁmonthmonthחֹ֫דֶשׁ
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 24:5

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ve.la.kach.Ta and you will take H3947 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine singular
966× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to take or get something, and it is used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to take a wife, to take possession of something, or to receive a gift. For example, in Genesis 2:22, God takes a rib from Adam to create Eve.
Amplified meaning
receive, get
Tyndale gloss
to take: take
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word לָקַח (*laqach*) means 'to take' and encompasses a wide range of actions, including to receive, seize, capture, and carry away. It can refer to taking something in hand, taking a wife, or even taking vengeance. The verb has various forms indicating different nuances, such as being taken away or captured.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לָקַח 965 vb. take

Qal

take, take in hand

take and carry along with oneself

take from, or out of

take, carry away

take away from, so as to deprive of

esp. take away life

take to or for a person

take up, upon = put upon

= fetch

take = lead, conduct (with or without contact)

take = capture, seize

take = carry off

in phr. take vengeance

Niph.

be captured, of ark

be taken away, removed

be taken, brought unto

Pu.

be taken from, out of

= be stolen from

be taken captive

be taken away, removed

Hoph.

be taken, brought unto

be taken out of

be taken away from

Hithp. lit. fire taking hold of itself, of lightning

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3947 לָקַח take .. take, take in hand

. take and carry along with oneself

. . take from, or out of

. take, carry away

. take away from, so as to deprive of

. esp. take away life

. take to or for a person

. take up, upon = put upon

. = fetch

. take = lead, conduct (with or without contact)

. take = capture, seize

. take = carry off

. in phr. take vengeance

. . be captured, of ark

. be taken away, removed

. be taken, brought unto

. . be taken from, out of

. = be stolen from

. be taken captive

. be taken away, removed

. . be taken, brought unto

. be taken out of

. be taken away from

. lit. fire taking hold of itself, of lightning

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3947 laqach law-kakh'

a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of

applications):--accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch,

get, infold, X many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve,

seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לָקַח (la.qach) — to take: take.

: take

1) to take, get, fetch, lay hold of, seize, receive, acquire, buy, bring, marry, take a wife, snatch, take away

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to take, take in the hand

1a2) to take and carry along

1a3) to take from, take out of, take, carry away, take away

1a4) to take to or for a person, procure, get, take possession of, select, choose, take in marriage, receive, accept

1a5) to take up or upon, put upon

1a6) to fetch

1a7) to take, lead, conduct

1a8) to take, capture, seize

1a9) to take, carry off 1a10) to take (vengeance)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be captured

1b2) to be taken away, be removed

1b3) to be taken, brought unto

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to be taken from or out of

1c2) to be stolen from

1c3) to be taken captive

1c4) to be taken away, be removed

1d) (Hophal)

1d1) to be taken unto, be brought unto

1d2) to be taken out of

1d3) to be taken away

1e) (Hithpael)

1e1) to take hold of oneself

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-2ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine singular
Hc/Vqq2ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

tak: Most of the very numerous examples of this word are still in good use and only a few call for special attention. "To take" in the sense of "capture" is still common, but when a person or living animal is in point, modern English usually adds "prisoner" or "captive." English Versions of the Bible not infrequently has this addition (Ge 14:14, etc.), but more commonly "take" is used without it (Jos 10:39; Job 5:13; Sirach 23:21; Joh 7:30, etc.). An occasional obscurity is thus caused, as in Ge 27:3, "take me venison" for "hunt venison for me." "To take advice" (2Ch…

and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
סֹ֔לֶתSo.let fine flour H5560 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
53× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to fine flour, often used in baking and as an offering. It is translated as 'fine flour' or 'meal' in the KJV Bible, and is mentioned in various books, including Leviticus.
Amplified meaning
the best meal, pure wheat
Tyndale gloss
fine flour
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סֹ֫לֶת (solet) refers to fine flour, derived from a root meaning to strip, suggesting a process of refinement. The term is consistently defined across entries, emphasizing its use in contexts related to meal or flour in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סֹ֫לֶת 53 n.f. fine flour

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5560 סֹ֫לֶת fine flour

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5560 coleth so'-leth

from an unused root meaning to strip; flour (as chipped

off):--(fine) flour, meal.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סֹ֫לֶת (so.let) — fine flour.

fine flour

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

flour.

See BREAD; FOOD.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Flour

Grain reduced to the form of meal is spoken of in the time of Abraham (Gen. 18:6). As baking was a daily necessity, grain was also ground daily at the mills (Jer. 25:10). The flour mingled with water was kneaded in kneading-troughs, and sometimes leaven (Ex. 12:34) was added and sometimes omitted (Gen. 19:3). The dough was then formed into thin cakes nine or ten inches in diameter and baked in the oven.

Fine flour was offered by the poor as a sin-offering (Lev. 5:11-13), and also in connection with other sacrifices (Num. 15:3-12; 28:7-29).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[BREAD]

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See BARLEY

→ See BREAD

→ See OFFERING

→ See WHEAT

and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
וְאָפִיתָ֣ve.'a.fi.Ta and you will bake H644 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine singular
25× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to bake or cook, like making bread. It's used in descriptions of food and meals, like in Leviticus and Ezekiel, and refers to the work of a baker.
Amplified meaning
cook, make
Tyndale gloss
to bake
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָפָה (aphah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to bake.' It is a primitive root that specifically refers to cooking, particularly baking. The entries indicate its use in various forms, such as a noun for 'baker' and a passive form meaning 'to be baked.' There are no noted disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H644 אָפָה bake

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

644 'aphah aw-faw'

a primitive root; to cook, especially to bake:--bake(-r,

(-meats)).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָפָה (a.phah) — to bake.

1) to bake

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to bake

1a2) (subst) baker

1b) (Niphal) to be baked, baked

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-2ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine singular
Hc/Vqq2ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Bake

The duty of preparing bread was usually, in ancient times, committed to the females or the slaves of the family (Gen. 18:6; Lev. 26:26; 1 Sam. 8:13); but at a later period we find a class of public bakers mentioned (Hos. 7:4, 6; Jer. 37:21).

The bread was generally in the form of long or round cakes (Ex. 29:23; 1 Sam. 2:36), of a thinness that rendered them easily broken (Isa. 58:7; Matt. 14:19; 26:26…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

Reference to baking is found in (Leviticus 26:26; 1 Samuel 8:13; 2 Samuel 13:8; Jeremiah 7:18; 37:21; Hosea 7:4-7)

and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
אֹתָ֔הּ'o.Tah the object marker it H853 Particle · suffix
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo/Sp3fs — Particle · suffix
HTo/Sp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
שְׁתֵּ֥יםshe.Teim two [plus] H8147 Adj
769× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for the number two appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing pairs and dualities. It can also mean double or twice. In the Bible, it is often used to describe things that come in twos, like two witnesses or two tablets.
Tyndale gloss
two
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim

dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also

(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +

twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.

see HEBREW for 08145

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.

1) two

1a) two (the cardinal number)

1a1) two, both, double, twice

1b) second (the ordinal number)

1c) in combination with other numbers

1d) both (a dual number)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAcfda
and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה'es.Reh ten H6240
339× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In Hebrew, this word means ten, and is used to form numbers like eleven or thirteen, as seen in Genesis 31:41. It is always used in combination with other numbers.
Tyndale gloss
ten
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָשָׂר (asar) means 'ten' and is used exclusively in combination with other numbers to form the teen numbers (11-19), both as cardinal and ordinal forms. The entries indicate that it is derived from another Hebrew root, but do not elaborate on its etymology.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6240 עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6240 `asar aw-sawr'

for 6235; ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also

(ordinal) -teenth:--(eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-,

six-, thir-)teen(-th), + eleven(-th), + sixscore thousand, +

twelve(-th).

see HEBREW for 06235

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָשָׂר (a.sar) — ten.

1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers)

1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HAcbsa
HAcbsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(`eser; deka).

See NUMBER.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ (Used for an indefinite number) Ge 31:7; Le 26:26; Nu 14:22; Zec 8:23

and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
חַלּ֑וֹתcha.Lot round perforated breads H2471 Noun common · feminine plural absolute
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A cake or bun was a type of food, often pierced or perforated, mentioned in the Bible as a common food item.
Amplified meaning
cakes, buns
Tyndale gloss
bun
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חַלָּה (challah) refers to a type of cake, often described as perforated or punctured. The term is derived from a root meaning 'to pierce.' It is used in the context of baked goods, specifically cakes.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חַלָּה n.f. a kind of cake (prob. as perforated)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2471 חַלָּה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2471 challah khal-law'

from 2490; a cake (as usually punctured):--cake.

see HEBREW for 02490

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חַלָּה (chal.lah) — bun.

cake, cake (if pierced) (probably perforated)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absolute
HNcfpa
and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
שְׁנֵי֙she.Nei two H8147 Adj
769× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for the number two appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing pairs and dualities. It can also mean double or twice. In the Bible, it is often used to describe things that come in twos, like two witnesses or two tablets.
Amplified meaning
a tenth part, 10%, a unit of measurement, about 4 quarts
Tyndale gloss
two
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim

dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also

(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +

twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.

see HEBREW for 08145

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.

1) two

1a) two (the cardinal number)

1a1) two, both, double, twice

1b) second (the ordinal number)

1c) in combination with other numbers

1d) both (a dual number)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAcbdc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

too.

See NUMBER.

and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים'es.ro.Nim tenths H6241 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
33× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means a tenth part, like a tithe, which is 10% of something, as described in Leviticus 27:32. It refers to a small portion of a larger whole.
Tyndale gloss
tenth
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עִשָּׂרוֹן (issarown) refers to a fractional measure, specifically a tenth part or tithe. It is derived from the root meaning to divide, and is used in contexts such as Leviticus 14:10, where it denotes a tenth of an ephah. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to a tenth.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עִשָּׂרוֹן 33 n.m. Lv 14:10 tenth part (of ephah; cf. 𝔊 δέκατον τοῦ οἰφί Nu 15:4)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6241 עִשָּׂרוֹן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6241 `issarown is-saw-rone'

or oissaron {is-saw-rone'}; from 6235; (fractional) a tenth

part:--tenth deal.

see HEBREW for 06235

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עִשָּׂרוֹן (is.sa.ron) — tenth.

tenth part, tithe

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
יִהְיֶ֖הyih.Yeh it will be H1961 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See TESTAMENT.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ THE MENTAL FACULTY

Freedom of, recognized by God Ge 4:6-10; De 5:29; 1Ki 20:42; Isa 1:18-20; 43:26; Jer 36:3,7; Joh 7:17

See BLESSINGS, CONTINGENT UPON OBEDIENCE

See CHOICE

See CONTINGENCY

→ OF GOD, THE SUPREME RULE OF DUTY Mt 6:10; 12:50; 26:39,42; Mr 3:35; 14:36; Lu 11:2; 22:42; Joh 4:34; 5:30; 6:38-40; Ac…

and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
הַֽחַלָּ֥הha.cha.Lah the round perforated bread H2471 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A cake or bun was a type of food, often pierced or perforated, mentioned in the Bible as a common food item.
Amplified meaning
cake, one of twelve
Tyndale gloss
bun
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חַלָּה (challah) refers to a type of cake, often described as perforated or punctured. The term is derived from a root meaning 'to pierce.' It is used in the context of baked goods, specifically cakes.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חַלָּה n.f. a kind of cake (prob. as perforated)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2471 חַלָּה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2471 challah khal-law'

from 2490; a cake (as usually punctured):--cake.

see HEBREW for 02490

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חַלָּה (chal.lah) — bun.

cake, cake (if pierced) (probably perforated)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

bred (lechem; artos):

I. DIETARY PREEMINENCE

II. MATERIALS

1. Barley

2. Wheat

3. Three Kinds of Flour

III. BREAD-MAKING

1. Grinding

2. Kneading

3. Baking

(1) Hot Stones

(2) Baking Pans

4. Ovens

(1) The Bowl-Oven

(2) The Jar-Oven

(3) The Pit-Oven

5. Forms of Baked Bread

6. Work for Women

IV. SANCTITY AND SYMBOLISM OF BREAD

1. Sanctity

2. Symbolism

LITERATURE

The art of bread-making is very ancient. It was even known to the Egyptians at a very early day (Wilkinson, Ancient Egyptians), to the Hebrews of the Exodus (Nowack, Lehrbuch der hebr. Archaologie) and, of course, to the Greeks and Romans of a later day. Bread played a large part in the vocabulary and in the life of the ancient Hebrews.

I. Dietary Preeminence.

(1) In the East bread is primary, other articles of food merely accessory; while in the West meat and other things chiefly constitute the meal, and bread is merely secondary. Accordingly "bread" in…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Bread

Among the Jews was generally made of wheat (Ex. 29:2; Judg. 6:19), though also sometimes of other grains (Gen. 14:18; Judg. 7:13). Parched grain was sometimes used for food without any other preparation (Ruth 2:14).

Bread was prepared by kneading in wooden bowls or “kneading troughs” (Gen. 18:6; Ex. 12:34; Jer. 7:18). The dough was mixed with leaven and made into thin cakes, round or oval, and then baked. The bread eaten at the Passover was always…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The preparation of bread as an article of food dates from a very early period. (Genesis 18:6) The corn or grain employed was of various sorts. The best bread was made of wheat, but "barley" and spelt were also used. (John 6:9,13; Isaiah 28:25) The process of making bread was as follows: the flour was first mixed with water or milk; it was then kneaded with the hands (in Egypt with the feet also) in a small wooden bowl or "kneading-trough" until it became dough. (Exodus 12:34,39; 2 Samuel 13:3; Jeremiah 7:18) When the kneading was completed, leaven was generally added [LEAVEN]; but when the time for preparation was short…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A word which in Scripture is often put for food in general, Ge 3:19 18:5 28:20 Ex 2:20 Le 11:3. Manna is called bread from heaven, Ex 16:4. Bread, in the proper and literal sense, usually means cakes made of wheaten flour; barely being used chiefly by the poor and for feeding horses. The wheat was ground daily, in small stone mills; the flour was made into dough in a wooden trough, and subsequently leavened, Ex 12:34 Ho 7:4. It was then made into cakes, and baked.

and you will take fine flour and you will bake the object marker it two [plus] ten round perforated breads two tenths it will be the round perforated bread one
הָאֶחָֽת׃ha.'e.Chat one H259 Particle
971× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means one or united, and is used to describe something that is single or unique. It is often translated as one, first, or alone. For example, in Genesis 1:5, God calls the light day and the darkness night, and separates them into one thing from another.
Tyndale gloss
one
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֶחָד (echad) means 'one' and is derived from a numeral. It encompasses meanings such as each, every, a certain, and can serve as an indefinite article. It is also used as an ordinal to denote 'first' and appears in various combinations, including eleven. The entries consistently emphasize its numerical and qualitative aspects.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶחָד 972 adj.num. one

one

= each, every

= a certain

= indef. art.

only, & (fem.) once

one … another, one … the other

as ordinal first

in combin.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H259 אֶחָד one . one

. = each, every

. = a certain

. = indef. art.

. only, & (fem.) once

. one … another, one … the other

. as ordinal first

. in combin.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

259 'echad ekh-awd'

a numeral from 258; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an

ordinal) first:--a, alike, alone, altogether, and,

any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-)ly, each (one), +

eleven, every, few, first, + highway, a man, once, one, only,

other, some, together,

see HEBREW for 0258

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶחָד (e.chad) — one.

1) one (number)

1a) one (number)

1b) each, every

1c) a certain

1d) an (indefinite article)

1e) only, once, once for all

1f) one...another, the one...the other, one after another, one by one

1g) first

1h) eleven (in combination), eleventh (ordinal)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | Adj — Particle
HTd/Acfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wun.

See NUMBER.

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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