Micah 1:10 — Word Study
WLCבְּגַת֙ אַל־ תַּגִּ֔ידוּ בָּכ֖וֹ אַל־ תִּבְכּ֑וּ בְּבֵ֣ית לְעַפְרָ֔ה עָפָ֖ר הִתְפַּלָּֽשִׁי׃
BSADo notʼal [refrain from, hold back] tell itnâgad▸ in GathGath [a major city of the Philistines, meaning winepress] ◂do not weepbâkâh [never, under no circumstances, cry, shed tears] ◂at allbâkâh▸ [in any way, to any degree] Rollpâlash■ [wallow, throw yourself] ◂in the dustʻâphâr [dry earth, clay] in Beth-leaphrahBêyth lᵉ-ʻAphrâh [house of dust, Ophrah, a place near Palestine]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בְּגַת֙ | in Gath | Preposition, noun proper |
| אַל־ | may not | Particle |
| תַּגִּ֔ידוּ | you tell | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect second person masculine plural |
| בָּכ֖וֹ | at all | Verb, Qal, infinitive absolute |
| אַל־ | may not | Particle |
| תִּבְכּ֑וּ | you weep | Verb, Qal, jussive second person masculine plural |
| בְּבֵ֣ית | in Beth | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| לְעַפְרָ֔ה | Leaphrah | Noun proper |
| עָפָ֖ר | dust | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| הִתְפַּלָּֽשִׁי׃ | roll yourself | Verb, Hithpael, imperative second person feminine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Do not tell it in Gath; do not weep at all. Roll in the dust in Beth-leaphrah. |
| KJV | ¶ Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust. |
| ASV | Tell it not in Gath, weep not at all: at Beth-le-aphrah have I rolled myself in the dust. |
| YLT | In Gath tell ye not — in Acco weep not, In Beth-Aphrah, in dust roll thyself. |
| WEB | Don’t tell it in Gath. Don’t weep at all. At Beth Ophrah I have rolled myself in the dust. |
| BBE | Give no word of it in Gath, let there be no weeping at all: at Beth-le-aphrah be rolling in the dust. |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, with no significant differences noted.
The structure consists of a main command followed by two prohibitions, creating a clear directive for the people.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbנָגַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Micah 1:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament Over Israelgenerated
Micah 1:10 is part of a section where Micah expresses sorrow over the fate of Israel due to their sins. He warns the people against sharing their grief in Gath, a Philistine city, and instead suggests a more profound act of mourning by rolling in the dust at Beth-leaphrah, a place associated with sorrow.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Samuel 1:20 | Tell it not in Gath; proclaim it not in the streets of Ashkelon, lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, and the daughters of the uncircumcised exult. |
| 2 | Amos 5:13 | Therefore, the prudent keep silent in such times, for the days are evil. |
| 3 | Amos 6:10 | And when the relative who is to burn the bodies picks them up to remove them from the house, he will call to one inside, “Is anyone else with you?” “None,” that person will answer. “Silence,” the relative will retort, “for the name of the LORD must not be invoked.” |
| 4 | Joshua 18:23 | Avvim, Parah, Ophrah, |
| 5 | Job 2:8 | And Job took a piece of broken pottery to scrape himself as he sat among the ashes. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הִתְפַּלָּשִׁי, hitpa.la.she.tigenerated
The word פָּלַשׁ (palash) means to roll, specifically in dust or ashes, often as a sign of mourning. The form here, הִתְפַּלָּשִׁי, is an imperative in the Hithpael stem, indicating a reflexive action — a command for the subject to roll themselves.
This action of rolling in dust symbolizes deep emotional pain and is tied to mourning practices in ancient Israel. It conveys a sense of despair and the need for the people to express their grief in a tangible way.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, conveying the instructions not to announce grief in Gath or to weep, but to roll in the dust at Beth-leaphrah.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb תַּגִּ֔ידוּ (you tell) governs the main clause, with two jussive verbs that express prohibitions and an imperative phrase indicating the action of rolling in dust. The structure emphasizes the commands given to the people.
The Hebrew word order places the commands at the forefront, highlighting their importance as directives for the people in their time of mourning.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates תַּגִּ֔ידוּ as μεγαλύνεσθε, which suggests a broader interpretation of declaring or making known, rather than simply telling. This choice may indicate an emphasis on the public nature of the announcement.
The rendering of the Hebrew commands in the Septuagint reflects a similar urgency but may carry a slightly different nuance in the Greek context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Micah 1:10 tells the people not to share their grief in Gath or weep at all, but to roll in the dust at Beth-leaphrah. This reflects a deep mourning practice, showing how they should express their sorrow.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Micah is instructing the people not to announce their calamity in Gath, a Philistine city, to avoid giving their enemies a reason to rejoice.
Rolling in the dust is a traditional expression of mourning, symbolizing deep sorrow and loss.
Beth-leaphrah, meaning 'house of dust,' serves as a symbolic location for mourning, emphasizing the gravity of the situation.
This verse highlights the impending judgment on Israel and the need for sincere mourning and repentance.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I express my grief in a way that is meaningful and acknowledges my pain?
- What can this verse teach me about the importance of community in times of sorrow?
- In what ways can I support others who are mourning or experiencing loss?
- How does understanding the cultural practices of mourning in ancient Israel enhance my reading of this verse?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers comment on this verse, discussing its implications for mourning and the response to calamity.
In Geth, do not announce, do not weep with tears, sprinkle yourselves with dust in the house of dust: pass by, you inhabitants of Saphir (Beautiful), confused with disgrace, she who dwells in Sennan (Exit) has not come out.Early Church Fathers on Micah 1 →
Thou that dwellest in the beautiful place: viz., in Samaria. In the Hebrew the Beautiful place is expressed by the word Sapir, which some take for the proper name of a city.-- Ibid.Early Church Fathers on Micah 1 →
Declare ye it not in Geth: Viz., amongst the Philistines, lest they rejoice at your calamity.-- Ibid.Early Church Fathers on Micah 1 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Micah 1:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleDeclare ye [it] not at Gath,.... A city of the Philistines, put for all the rest: the phrase is borrowed from 2 Samuel 1:20; where the reason is given, and holds good here as there; and the sense is,
Read John Gill on Micah 1 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryDeclare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust.
Read Robert Jamieson on Micah 1 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleDeclare ye it not at Gath; do what you can to keep your griefs to yourselves, let them not be public, that the Philistines, your bitter enemies, should know how sad it is with you and rejoice at it. Gath was a principal city of the Philistines, and though this only is mentioned the rest are understood: such phrase you have . Weep ye not at all; you that are of Israel or Judah, make no public weeping, that your cries and tears should inform your enemies in Palestine how deplorable your state is, let not your griefs be their joys. In the house of Aphrah: we render it as a proper name of some city or town; though of no great note, yet we meet with one, , in the tribe of Benjamin; a second we…
Read Matthew Poole on Micah 1 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsMicah 1:10 Declare ye [it] not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust.Ver. 10. Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all] sc. in their sight and hearing (though at home weep your fill, Micah 1:8), lest the daughters of those uncircumcised triumph, 2 Samuel 1:20; lest out of your tragedies they compose comedies, and ye become their music, while they revel in your ruins and make themselves merry in your misery. In the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust] An elegant word play in the original; q.d. dust thyself in the house of dust. Aphrah had its name from its dustiness; as Paris is called Lutetia a lute, from its dustiness, and as Hiram called…
Read John Trapp on Micah 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) Declare ye it not at Gath.—The prophet lets his lament flow after the strain of David’s elegy, “Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon.” In this passage the parallelism seems to require the name of a town where the English Version has “at all.” But the Hebrew word thus represented may, by the addition of a letter which has dropped out of the text, be rendered “in Accho,” or Ptolemais, now called Acca. The LXX. translation οἱἐνΓεθ, μὴμεγαλύνεσθεοἱἐνΑκιμ, μὴ (=οἱὲνἈΚεὶμή), accords with this reading. The parallelism is thus maintained, and the thought is completed: “Mention not the trouble in our enemies’ cities; bewail it in our own.”
Read Charles John Ellicott on Micah 1 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. Declare ye it not at Gath] Do not let this prediction be known among the Philistines, else they will glory over you. House of Aphrah] Or, Beth-aphrah. This place is mentioned Joshua 18:23, as in the tribe of Benjamin. There is a paronomasia, or play on words, here: בבית לעפרה עפר bebeith leaphrah aphar, "Roll thyself in the dust in the house of dust."
Read AdamClarke on Micah 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. Declare ye it not …] ‘May we at least be spared the sight of the malicious joy of our envious neighbours!’ Here begins a series of paronomasias, which however are far from indicating a playful mood in the prophet. Most of them refer to Judζan towns in the prophet’s own neighbourhood. He could not possibly jest about the fate of his friends! No; he is in sober earnest, and sees (like Isaiah in Isaiah 10:30) a pre-ordained correspondence between names and fortunes (comp. the familiar phrase ‘his name shall be called’ = ‘he shall be’). It is not always easy to catch his allusions, nor to reproduce them when caught. Some idea of the general effect is given by M. Reuss in the following…
Read Cambridge on Micah 1 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleTell it not in Gath - Gath had probably now ceased to be; at least, to be of any account .
Read Albert Barnes on Micah 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Do not tell it in Gath; do not weep at all. Roll in the dust in Beth-leaphrah.
Don’t tell it in Gath. Don’t weep at all. At Beth Ophrah I have rolled myself in the dust.
Do not tell it in Gath; do not weep at all. Roll in the dust in Beth-leaphrah.
Don’t spread the news in Gath! Don’t shed even a single tear! In Beth Leaphrah sit in the dust!
Tyndale line
¶ Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust.
Tell it not in Gath, weep not at all: at Beth-le-aphrah have I rolled myself in the dust.
Tell it not in Gath, weep not at all: at Beth-le-Aphrah have I rolled myself in the dust.
Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust.
Declare ye it not at Gath, neither weepe ye: for the house of Aphrah roule thy selfe in the dust.
Strictly literal
Tell it not in Gath, weep not at all; at Beth-le-aphrah roll thyself in the dust.
In Gath tell ye not — in Acco weep not, In Beth-Aphrah, in dust roll thyself.
In Gath do not tell—in Acco do not weep, || In Beth-Aphrah, roll yourself in dust.
Tell it not at Gath, weep ye not loudly [there]: in Bethle'aphrah roll thyself in the dust.
Do not tell about it in Gath; do not weep at all. At Beth Leaphrah I roll myself in the dust.
From the Latin
Declare ye it not in Geth, weep ye not with tears: in the house of Dust sprinkle yourselves with dust.
Simplified
Don't mention it in Gath; don't weep at all. People of Beth-le-aphrah, roll in the dust.
Give no word of it in Gath, let there be no weeping at all: at Beth-le-aphrah be rolling in the dust.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show significant agreement in the content of the verse, though the Septuagint's wording differs in structure. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain partial matches and some restored words, indicating that the core message has been preserved across these texts.
בְּגַת֙ אַל־ תַּגִּ֔ידוּ בָּכ֖וֹ אַל־ תִּבְכּ֑וּ בְּבֵ֣ית לְעַפְרָ֔ה עָפָ֖ר הִתְפַּלָּֽשִׁי׃
6 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
בגת [אל] [תגידו] [בכו] [אל] תבכו [בבית] [לעפרה] עפר התפלשי
3 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Micah 1:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
גַּת (gat) refers to a Philistine city, meaning 'winepress.' It is noted as one of the five chief cities of the Philistines and is recognized as the native city of Goliath. The entries consistently identify it as a proper noun related to a specific location.
גַּת n.pr.loc. (wine-press)—Philistine city
base
H1661 גַּת
1661 Gath gath
the same as 1660; Gath, a Philistine city:--Gath.
see HEBREW for 01660
גַּת (gat) — Gath.
§ Gath = "winepress"
one of the five royal or chief cities of the Philistines and the native city of Goliath
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
gath (gath; Septuagint Geth, "winepress"):
One of the five chief cities of the Philistines (Jos 13:3; 1Sa 6:17). It was a walled town (2Ch 26:6) and was not taken by Joshua, and, although many conflicts took place between the Israelites and its people, it does not seem to have been captured until the time of David (1Ch 18:1). It was rendered famous as the abode of the giant Goliath whom David slew (1Sa 17:4), and other giants of the same race (2Sa 21:18-22). It was to Gath that the Ashdodites conveyed the ark when smitten with the plague, and Gath was also smitten (
Gath
A wine-vat, one of the five royal cities of the Philistines (Josh. 13:3) on which the ark brought calamity (1 Sam. 5:8, 9; 6:17). It was famous also as being the birthplace or residence of Goliath (1 Sam. 17:4). David fled from Saul to Achish, king of Gath (1 Sam. 21:10; 27:2-4; Ps. 56), and his connection with it will account for the words in 2 Sam. 1:20. It was afterwards conquered by David (2 Sam. 8:1). It occupied a strong position on the borders of Judah and Philistia (1 Sam. 21:10;
(a wine press), one of the five royal cities of the Philistines; (Joshua 13:3; 1 Samuel 6:17) and the native place of the giant Goliath. (1 Samuel 17:4,23) It probably stood upon the conspicuous hill now called Tell-es-Safieh , upon the side of the plain of Philistia, at the foot of the mountains of Judah; 10 miles east of Ashdod, and about the same distance south by east of Ekron. It is irregular in form, and about 200 feet high. Gath occupied a strong position, (2 Chronicles 11:8) on the border of Judah and Philistia, (1 Samuel 21:10; 1 Chronicles 18:1) and from its…
A city of the Philistines, and one of their five principalities, 1Sa 5:8 6:17. It was a notable city, in the border of the Philistines nearest to Jerusalem; but its site has long been lost. It was the home of Goliath, 1Sa 17:4. Compare Jos 11:22 2Sa 21:19-22. Here David sought a refuge form Saul, 1Sa 21:10 27:2-7. It came under his power in the beginning of his reign over all Israel, 1Ch 18:1, and continued subject to his successors till the declension of the kingdom of Judah. Rehoboam rebuilt or fortified it, 2Ch…
אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.
אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
base
H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
408 'al al
a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified
negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,
nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing
(worth), rather than.
see HEBREW for 03808
אַל (al) — not.
1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)
1a) do not, let not (with a verb)
1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)
1c) not, no (with substantive)
1d) nothing (as substantive)
Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)
Part — ParticleHTn
נָגַד (nagad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to declare or tell, with implications of being conspicuous or manifesting something. It covers a range of meanings including to announce, report, and make known, often through spoken word. The entries indicate that it can also mean to expose or predict, and in the Hophil form, it refers to something being told or reported.
[נָגַד] 363 vb. be conspicuous
Hiph. declare, tell
Hoph. be told, announced, reported
base
H5046 נָגַד be conspicuous . declare, tell
. be told, announced, reported
5046 nagad naw-gad'
a primitive root; properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out
opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest;
figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one
present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain,
praise:--bewray, X certainly, certify, declare(-ing),
denounce, expound, X fully, messenger, plainly, profess,
rehearse, report, shew (forth), speak, X surely, tell, utter.
נָגַד (na.gad) — to tell.
1) to be conspicuous, tell, make known
1a) (Hiphil) to tell, declare
1a1) to tell, announce, report
1a2) to declare, make known, expound
1a3) to inform of
1a4) to publish, declare, proclaim
1a5) to avow, acknowledge, confess
1a5a) messenger (participle)
1b) (Hophal) to be told, be announced, be reported
V-Hiphil-Juss-2mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect second person masculine pluralHVhi2mp
See TALE.
בָּכָה (bakah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to weep or bewail. It encompasses various forms of weeping, including expressions of grief, humiliation, or joy, and can denote lamentation or crying bitterly. The entries highlight its use in both the Qal and Piel stems, indicating different nuances of weeping.
בָּכָה 114 vb. weep, bewail
Qal
weep
weep bitterly
weep upon
bewail
in sense of burden, annoy with weeping
of penitent weeping
Pi. lament; bewail
base
H1058 בָּכָה weep, bewail
1058 bakah baw-kaw'
a primitive root; to weep; generally to bemoan:--X at all,
bewail, complain, make lamentation, X more, mourn, X sore, X
with tears, weep.
בָּכָה (ba.khah) — to weep.
1) to weep, bewail, cry, shed tears
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to weep (in grief, humiliation, or joy)
1a2) to weep bitterly (with cognate acc.)
1a3) to weep upon (embrace and weep)
1a4) to bewail
1b) (Piel) participle
1b1) lamenting
1b2) bewailing
V-Qal-Ptc — Verb · Qal · infinitive absoluteHVqaa
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.
אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
base
H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
408 'al al
a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified
negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,
nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing
(worth), rather than.
see HEBREW for 03808
אַל (al) — not.
1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)
1a) do not, let not (with a verb)
1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)
1c) not, no (with substantive)
1d) nothing (as substantive)
Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)
HTn — ParticleHTn
בָּכָה (bakah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to weep or bewail. It encompasses various forms of weeping, including expressions of grief, humiliation, or joy, and can denote lamentation or crying bitterly. The entries highlight its use in both the Qal and Piel stems, indicating different nuances of weeping.
בָּכָה 114 vb. weep, bewail
Qal
weep
weep bitterly
weep upon
bewail
in sense of burden, annoy with weeping
of penitent weeping
Pi. lament; bewail
base
H1058 בָּכָה weep, bewail
1058 bakah baw-kaw'
a primitive root; to weep; generally to bemoan:--X at all,
bewail, complain, make lamentation, X more, mourn, X sore, X
with tears, weep.
בָּכָה (ba.khah) — to weep.
1) to weep, bewail, cry, shed tears
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to weep (in grief, humiliation, or joy)
1a2) to weep bitterly (with cognate acc.)
1a3) to weep upon (embrace and weep)
1a4) to bewail
1b) (Piel) participle
1b1) lamenting
1b2) bewailing
V-Qal-Juss-2mp — Verb · Qal · jussive second person masculine pluralHVqj2mp
בֵּית לְעַפְרָה (Beyth l-`Aphrah) means 'house of Aphrah' or 'house of dust.' It is identified as a location in Philistine territory, though its exact site is unknown. The term is composed of the word for 'house' (בַּיִת, bayith) and a form related to dust (עָפָר, `aphar). The only verse reference noted is Micah 1:10.
בֵּית לְעַפְרָה n.pr.loc. appar. in Philistine territory Mi 1:10; site unknown, & txt. dub.
done
H1036 בֵּית לְעַפְרָה
1036 Beyth l-`Aphrah bayth le-af-raw'
from 1004 and the feminine of 6083 (with preposition
interposed); house to (i.e. of) dust; Beth-le-Aphrah, a place
in Palestine:--house of Aphrah.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 06083
בֵּית לְעַפְרָה (bet le.aph.rah) — Beth-le-aphrah.
Bethel-aphrah = "house belonging to Aphrah" or "house to (i.e. of) dust"
a Philistine city
Another name of oph.rah (עׇפְרָה "Ophrah" H6084G)
N-proper — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
Beth
Occurs frequently as the appellation for a house, or dwelling-place, in such compounds as the words immediately following:
the most general word for a house or habitation. It has the special meaning of a temple or house of worship Beth is more frequently employed in compound names of places than any other word.
House, forms a part of many compounds names of places, and sometimes means the place or dwelling; and at others the temple. This word becomes Beit in modern Arabic.
בֵּית לְעַפְרָה (Beyth l-`Aphrah) means 'house of Aphrah' or 'house of dust.' It is identified as a location in Philistine territory, though its exact site is unknown. The term is composed of the word for 'house' (בַּיִת, bayith) and a form related to dust (עָפָר, `aphar). The only verse reference noted is Micah 1:10.
בֵּית לְעַפְרָה n.pr.loc. appar. in Philistine territory Mi 1:10; site unknown, & txt. dub.
done
H1036 בֵּית לְעַפְרָה
1036 Beyth l-`Aphrah bayth le-af-raw'
from 1004 and the feminine of 6083 (with preposition
interposed); house to (i.e. of) dust; Beth-le-Aphrah, a place
in Palestine:--house of Aphrah.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 06083
בֵּית לְעַפְרָה (bet le.aph.rah) — Beth-le-aphrah.
Bethel-aphrah = "house belonging to Aphrah" or "house to (i.e. of) dust"
a Philistine city
Another name of oph.rah (עׇפְרָה "Ophrah" H6084G)
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
עָפָר (aphar) refers to dry earth or dust, encompassing meanings such as powder, ashes, and rubbish. It is derived from a root meaning to be dry and is used in various contexts, including clay and mortar. The entries consistently highlight its association with loose earth and debris.
עָפָר n.m. dry earth, dust
base
H6083 עָפָר dry earth, dust
6083 `aphar aw-fawr'
from 6080; dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth,
mud:--ashes, dust, earth, ground, morter, powder, rubbish.
see HEBREW for 06080
עָפָר (a.phar) — dust.
1) dry earth, dust, powder, ashes, earth, ground, mortar, rubbish
1a) dry or loose earth
1b) debris
1c) mortar
1d) ore
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
dust (`aphar; koniortos, chous): Small particles of earth. The word has several figurative and symbolic meanings:
(1) Dust being the material out of which God is said to have formed man (Ge 2:7), it became a symbol of man's frailty (Ps 103:14, "For he knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we are dust"; compare Ge 18:27; Job 4:19, etc.), and of his mortality (Ge 3:19, "Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return"; compare Job 34:15; Ps 104:29; Ec 3:20…
Dust
Storms of sand and dust sometimes overtake Eastern travellers. They are very dreadful, many perishing under them. Jehovah threatens to bring on the land of Israel, as a punishment for forsaking him, a rain of “powder and dust” (Deut. 28:24).
To cast dust on the head was a sign of mourning (Josh. 7:6); and to sit in dust, of extreme affliction (Isa. 47:1). “Dust” is used to denote the grave (Job 7:21). “To shake off the dust from one’s feet” against another is to renounce all future intercourse with him (Matt. 10:14; Acts 13:51). To “lick the dust” is a sign of…
[MOURNING]
Jos 7:6. Dust or ashes put upon the head was a sign of mourning; sitting in the dust, a sign of affliction, La 3:29 Isa 47:1. "Dust" is also put for the grave, Ge 3:19 Job 7:21. It signifies a multitude, Ge 13:16, and a low and mean condition, 1Sa 2:8. We have two remarkable instances of casting dust recorded in Scripture, and they seem to illustrate a practice common in Asia: those who demanded justice against a criminal were accustomed to throw dust upon him, signifying that he deserved to be cast into the grave.…
פָּלַשׁ (palash) is a primitive root meaning to roll, particularly in dust or ashes, often associated with mourning practices. The Hithpael form indicates a reflexive action, suggesting a self-directed rolling, typically in an act of grief. The entries emphasize its connection to mourning rituals, but do not provide extensive examples or disagreements.
[פָּלַשׁ] vb. Hithp. act of mourning, poss. roll in (dust, etc.; weakened fr. burrow into)
base
H6428 פָּלַשׁ
6428 palash paw-lash'
a primitive root; to roll (in dust):--roll (wallow) self.
פָּלַשׁ (pa.lash) — to wallow.
1) to roll
1a) (Hithpael) to roll in ashes or dust (as an act of mourning)
V-Hithpael-Perf-1cs — Verb · Hithpael · imperative second person feminine singularHVtv2fs