Psalms 105:41 — Word Study
WLCפָּ֣תַח צ֭וּר וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מָ֑יִם הָ֝לְכ֗וּ בַּצִּיּ֥וֹת נָהָֽר׃
BSAHe openedpâthach■ [as the all-powerful one, split, carved, or engraved] a rocktsûwr [a boulder or refuge] and watermayim [a source of refreshment] gushed outzûwb▸ it flowedhâlak■ [like a continuous stream, wasting away or overflowing] [like] a rivernâhâr [a flood] in the deserttsîyâh [a dry and barren place, or wilderness]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| פָּ֣תַח | he opened | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| צ֭וּר | a rock | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וַיָּז֣וּבוּ | and they flowed out | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine plural |
| מָ֑יִם | waters | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| הָ֝לְכ֗וּ | they went | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| בַּצִּיּ֥וֹת | in the dry regions | Preposition, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| נָהָֽר׃ | a river | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | He opened a rock, and water gushed out; it flowed like a river in the desert. |
| KJV | He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river. |
| ASV | He opened the rock, and waters gushed out; They ran in the dry places like a river. |
| YLT | He hath opened a rock, and waters issue, They have gone on in dry places — a river. |
| WEB | He opened the rock, and waters gushed out. They ran as a river in the dry places. |
| BBE | His hand made the rock open, and the waters came streaming out; they went down through the dry places like a river. |
Where they part company is פָּ֣תַח — see How Translations Differ.
The structure consists of a main clause followed by two subordinate clauses, illustrating the action and its result.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectמַיִם
verbפָּתַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 105:41
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Provision in the Wildernessgenerated
Psalm 105:41 describes a moment when God provided for the Israelites during their journey in the wilderness. This act of opening a rock to bring forth water illustrates God's care and ability to meet the needs of His people, even in desolate places. The surrounding verses recount other miracles, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises and His people.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 78:15–16 | He split the rocks in the wilderness and gave them drink as abundant as the seas. |
| 2 | Psalm 114:8 | who turned the rock into a pool, the flint into a fountain of water! |
| 3 | Exodus 17:6 | Behold, I will stand there before you by the rock at Horeb. And when you strike the rock, water will come out of it for the people to drink.” So Moses did this in the sight of the elders of Israel. |
| 4 | Numbers 20:11 | Then Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff, so that a great amount of water gushed out, and the congregation and their livestock were able to drink. |
| 5 | Nehemiah 9:15 | In their hunger You gave them bread from heaven; in their thirst You brought them water from the rock. You told them to go in and possess the land which You had sworn to give them. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — פָּ֣תַח, Pa.tachgenerated
The verb פָּתַח (pa.tach) means 'to open' and can refer to various actions such as engraving or splitting. In this context, it emphasizes God's power to create life-giving water from a lifeless rock, showcasing His ability to provide in seemingly impossible situations.
This verb is in the Qal perfect tense, indicating a completed action performed by God. The use of this verb here reflects the miraculous nature of the event, as it is not merely a physical act of opening but a divine intervention that brings forth sustenance.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb פָּ֣תַח (he opened) governs the entire verse, with the noun צ֭וּר (a rock) as its object. The structure highlights God's action followed by the result of that action, which is the flowing of water.
The phrase וַיָּז֣וּבוּ (and they flowed out) follows, indicating the outcome of God's opening the rock, with the prepositional phrase בַּצִּיּ֥וֹת (in the dry regions) describing the setting of this miraculous event.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates פָּ֣תַח as διέρρηχεν (he split), which conveys a similar sense of breaking open. This choice emphasizes the dramatic nature of the miracle.
The word צ֭וּר is rendered as πέτραν (rock), maintaining the imagery of a solid and unyielding object from which water flows.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 105:41 tells us that God opened a rock, causing water to gush out like a river in the desert. This verse highlights God's miraculous provision for His people during their time in the wilderness, showing His ability to meet their needs even in dry and barren places.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies God's miraculous power to provide for His people in desperate situations, transforming a lifeless rock into a source of life-giving water.
The comparison emphasizes the abundance and life-giving nature of the water that flowed from the rock, illustrating God's generous provision.
This verse demonstrates God's faithfulness to His promises, as He provided for His people in the wilderness, fulfilling His commitment to care for them.
We learn that God is capable of providing for our needs in unexpected ways, even in the most challenging circumstances.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced God's provision in my life?
- How can I trust God to meet my needs, especially in difficult times?
- What does this miracle teach me about God's character?
- How can I share the story of God's provision with others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early Church Fathers often referenced this verse to illustrate God's miraculous provision. Here is a quotation from Augustine of Hippo, who reflects on this act of divine sustenance.
"He opened the rock of stone, and the waters flowed out: so that rivers ran in the dry places" [Psalms 105:41]. This fact too is understood as soon as read.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 105 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 105:41 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHe opened the rock, and the waters gushed out,.... That is, God opened the rock, who before is said to spread the cloud, and bring the quails, for it was a miraculous affair; or Moses, by divine
Read John Gill on Psalms 105 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHe opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 105 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey flowed in channels which God provided for them, and followed the Israelite’ s in their march, as is noted, . Hence they complained no more of want of water till they came to Kadesh, Numbers 20, which was many years after this time.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 105 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 105:41 He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places [like] a river.Ver. 41. He opened the rock] Set it abroach, giving them pluviam escatilem, et petram aquatilem, as Tertullian hath it. They ran in the dry places] Per deserta Sinis et Tzinis, saith Junius. See 1 Corinthians 10:4.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 105 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(41) Rock.—The Hebrew tsûr refers us to the miracle at Horeb.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 105 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 41. He opened the rock, and the waters rushed out] See Clarke on Exodus 17:6, to which I can now add, that a piece of this rock, broken off by the hand of my nephew, E. S. A. Clarke, in the course of the present year [1822,] now lies before me. It is fine granite; and so well distinguished as a granite, that the feldt-spar, the mica, and the quartz, of which granite is composed, appear very distinctly. It is worthy of remark, that, as granite is supposed, in the most accredited systems of geology, to be the very basis of the earth, the original rock, and all other substances to be superimpositions upon it, and as the decompositions of the feldt-spar produce pure vegetable earth, this…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 105 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges41. the rock] In Rephidim, Exodus 17:1 ff. A different word (‘cliff’) is used in Numbers 20:8 ff. The language is borrowed from Psalms 78:15-16; Psalms 78:20 : cp. Isaiah 41:18; Isaiah 48:21.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 105 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHe opened the rock ... - See the notes at Psalms 78:15. “They ran in the dry places like a river.” Or, “a river.” They flowed along in the desert - a river of waters. See the notes at 1 Corinthians 10:4.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 105 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
He opened a rock, and water gushed out; it flowed like a river in the desert.
He opened the rock, and waters gushed out. They ran as a river in the dry places.
He opened a rock, and water gushed out; it flowed like a river in the desert.
He opened up a rock and water flowed out; a river ran through dry regions.
Tyndale line
He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river.
He opened the rock, and waters gushed out; They ran in the dry places like a river.
He opened the rock, and waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river.
He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river.
He opened the rocke, and the waters flowed out, and ranne in the drye places like a riuer.
Strictly literal
He opened the rock, and waters gushed forth; they ran in the dry places [like] a river.
He hath opened a rock, and waters issue, They have gone on in dry places — a river.
He has opened a rock, and waters flow, || They have gone on in dry places—a river.
He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out: they ran in the dry places like a river.
He split the rock, and waters gushed from it; they flowed in the wilderness like a river.
From the Latin
And he delivered them into the hands of the nations: and they that hated them had dominion over them.
Simplified
He split the rock open, and water gushed out—a river flowing through the desert.
His hand made the rock open, and the waters came streaming out; they went down through the dry places like a river.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads, "He opened a rock, and water gushed out; it flowed like a river in the desert," which is supported by the Septuagint, as all seven words match in a word-by-word correspondence. The Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q87 and 11Q5) also contain similar phrases, with some words partially restored or supplied by editors, but they agree with the overall meaning and structure of the Masoretic Text. Thus, the core message of the verse remains consistent across these ancient witnesses.
פָּ֣תַח צ֭וּר וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מָ֑יִם הָ֝לְכ֗וּ בַּצִּיּ֥וֹת נָהָֽר׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[פתח] [צור] [ויזובו] מים [הלכו] [בציות] נהר
1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
[פתח] צור ויזובו [מים] [הלכו] [בציות] [נהר]
1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 105:41
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
פָּתַח (pathach) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to open' and can refer to various actions such as opening doors, loosening restraints, or engraving. It has different forms, including Qal (to open), Niphal (to be opened), and Piel (to engrave). The entries highlight its literal and figurative uses, but there is some overlap in meaning regarding its applications in opening and engraving.
פָּתַח vb. open
Qal open sack
Niph. be opened
Pi. be opened
free, i.e. ungird, camels
loosen (and remove) sack-cloth
open gates, doors
Hithp. loosen thee the fetters of thy neck
base
[פָּתַח] vb. Pi. engrave
Pu. stones engraved with the engravings of a signet.
base
H6605a פָּתַח open .open sack
. be opened
. be opened . free, i.e. ungird, camels
. loosen (and remove) sack-cloth
. open gates, doors
. loosen thee the fetters of thy neck
H6605b פָּתַח Pi. engrave
6605 pathach paw-thakh'
a primitive root; to open wide (literally or figuratively);
specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve:--appear, break
forth, draw (out), let go free, (en-)grave(-n), loose (self),
(be, be set) open(-ing), put off, ungird, unstop, have vent.
פָּתַח (pa.tach) — to open.
1) to open
1a) (Qal) to open
1b) (Niphal) to be opened, be let loose, be thrown open
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to free
1c2) to loosen
1c3) to open, open oneself
1d) (Hithpael) to loose oneself
Aramaic equivalent: pe.tach (פְּתַח "to open" H6606)
פָּתַח (pa.tach) — to engrave.
1) to carve, engrave
1a) (Piel) to engrave
1b) (Pual) to be engraved
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
צוּר (tsur) means rock or cliff, often referring to a sharp rock or boulder. It can also signify a refuge or an edge, and is used in various contexts, including references to God as a rock. The word is built from the root associated with strong, compressed formations, and it appears in different forms, such as in the phrase 'rock of God.'
צוּר n.m. rock, cliff
base
H6697 צוּר rock, cliff
6697 tsuwr tsoor
or tsur {tsoor}; from 6696; properly, a cliff (or sharp rock,
as compressed); generally, a rock or boulder; figuratively, a
refuge; also an edge (as precipitous):--edge, X (mighty) God
(one), rock, X sharp, stone, X strength, X strong. See also
1049.
see HEBREW for 06696
see HEBREW for 01049
צוּר (tsur) — Rocks (of Goats).
Combined with ya.el (יָעֵל "Wildgoats'" H3277)
This name means rock, cliff
צוּר (tsur) — rock.
1) rock, cliff
1a) rocky wall, cliff
1b) rock (with flat surface)
1c) block of stone, boulder
1d) rock (specific)
1e) rock (of God)
1f) rock (of heathen gods) n pr dei
1g) Rock
Aramaic equivalent: tur (טוּר "mountain" H2906)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
rok ((1) cela`; (2) tsur (3) challamish, "flint"; compare Arabic khalanbus, "flint"; (4) kephim (Job 30:6; Jer 4:29); compare Kephas, "Cephas" = Petros, "Peter" (Joh 1:42 the King James Version and the Revised Version margin); (5) petra):
1. Names:
Tsur and cela` are the words most often found, and there is no well-defined distinction between them. They are frequently coupled together in the parallelism which is characteristic of the Hebrew writers: e.g.
"Be thou to me a strong rock (tsur),
A house of defense to save me.
For thou art my rock (tsela) and my fortress"
(Ps 31:2,3).
"He clave rocks (tsur) in the wilderness,
And gave them drink abundantly as out of the depths.
Rock
(Heb. tsur), employed as a symbol of God in the Old Testament (1 Sam. 2:2; 2 Sam. 22:3; Isa. 17:10; Ps. 28:1; 31:2,3; 89:26; 95:1); also in the New Testament (Matt. 16:18; Rom. 9:33; 1 Cor. 10:4). In Dan. 2:45 the Chaldaic form of the Hebrew word is translated “mountain.” It ought to be translated “rock,” as in Hab. 1:12 in the Revised Version. The “rock” from which the stone is cut there signifies the…
זוּב (zuwb) is a primitive root meaning to flow or gush, often used in the context of liquid discharge. It can refer to both physical flow, such as water, and metaphorically to a bodily flux or wasting away. The entries highlight its various applications, including a specific reference to issues from women.
[זוּב] vb. flow, gush
base
H2100 זוּב flow, gush
2100 zuwb zoob
a primitive root; to flow freely (as water), i.e.
(specifically) to have a (sexual) flux; figuratively, to waste
away; also to overflow:--flow, gush out, have a (running)
issue, pine away, run.
זוּב (zuv) — to flow: flowing.
: flowing
1) to flow, gush, issue, discharge
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to flow, gush
1a2) to die, pine away (fig.)
1a3) to flow (of issue from woman), have an issue, flux
1a4) flowing (participle)
זוּב (zuv) — to flow: discharge.
: bodily_discharge
1) to flow, gush, issue, discharge
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to flow, gush
1a2) to die, pine away (fig.)
1a3) to flow (of issue from woman), have an issue, flux
1a4) flowing (participle)
זוּב (zuv) — to flow: waste away.
: waste_away
1) to flow, gush, issue, discharge
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to flow, gush
1a2) to die, pine away (fig.)
1a3) to flow (of issue from woman), have an issue, flux
1a4) flowing (participle)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine pluralHc/Vqw3mp
מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.
[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
base
H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
4325 mayim mah'-yim
dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+
piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).
מַי (ma.yim) — water.
1) water, waters
1a) water
1b) water of the feet, urine
1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)
מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).
This name means water, refreshment
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
wo'-terz (mayim, plural of may, "water"; in the New Testament hudor, "water"; kindunois potamon (2Co 11:26), the King James Version "perils of waters," is in the Revised Version (British and American) "perils of rivers"): In the New Testament there is frequent reference to the water of baptism. Pilate washes his hands with water to signify his guiltlessness. Jesus tells the Samaritan woman of the living water. The Lamb shall guide the redeemed unto fountains of waters of life.
The uses of mayim are well classified in BDB, especially the figurative references, as follows: a symbol of distress, "when thou passest through the waters" (Isa 43:2); of force, "like the breach of waters" (2Sa 5:20); of that which is overwhelming, "a…
הָלַךְ (halak) means 'to go,' 'come,' or 'walk,' and covers a wide range of literal and figurative uses, including aspects of life and death. It can describe physical movement, moral conduct, and even influence on character. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances like leading or traversing.
הָלַךְ 1546 vb. go, come, walk
Qal Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך
lit.
of persons
Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations
in like manner of inanimate things
The inf. abs. is often used
as in other vbs., quite independently
to intensify meaning of finite form
most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs.
with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance
with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)
in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. adj. denoting progress, advance
twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion
quite by itself
13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.
akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.
In combination with other verbal forms
Fig.; the most common uses follow; in most the origin in a literal meaning is evident:
pass away, die
H1980 הָלַךְ go, come, walk .Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך . lit. . of persons
. Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations
. in like manner of inanimate things
. The inf. abs. is often used . as in other vbs., quite independently
. to intensify meaning of finite form
. most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs. . with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance
. with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)
. in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. + adj. denoting progress, advance
. twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion
. quite by itself
. 13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.
. akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.
. In combination with other verbal forms
1980 halak haw-lak'
akin to 3212; a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety
of applications, literally and figuratively):--(all) along,
apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant,
depart, + be eased, enter, exercise (self), + follow, forth,
forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on,
out, up and down), + greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead,
march, X more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away),
be at the point, quite, run (along), + send, speedily, spread,
still, surely, + tale-bearer, + travel(-ler), walk (abroad,
on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax,
(way-)faring man, X be weak, whirl.
see HEBREW for 03212
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: went.
: went/go[away]
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
1c2) to walk about
1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: come.
: come[nearer]
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
1c2) to walk about
1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: walk.
: walk/move
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
צִיָּה (tsiyah) refers to dryness or drought, stemming from a root that means to parch. It encompasses concepts of aridity, barren land, and wilderness. The term is used in contexts related to desolate or dry places.
צִיָּה n.f. dryness, drought
base
H6723 צִיָּה dryness, drought
6723 tsiyah tsee-yaw'
from an unused root meaning to parch; aridity; concretely, a
desert:--barren, drought, dry (land, place), solitary place,
wilderness.
צִיָּה (tsiy.yah) — dryness.
dryness, drought, desert
Prep | N-fp — Preposition · noun common feminine plural absoluteHRd/Ncfpa
נָהָר (nahar) means 'stream' or 'river' and can refer to various water bodies, including the Nile and Euphrates. It also has a figurative sense of prosperity. The word is derived from a root meaning related to flowing water and has an Aramaic equivalent, נְהַר (ne.har).
נָהָר 120 n.m. stream, river
base
H5104 נָהָר stream, river
5104 nahar naw-hawr'
from 5102; a stream (including the sea; expec. the Nile,
Euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity:--flood, river.
see HEBREW for 05102
נָהָר (na.har) — River.
This name means stream, river
Another name of pe.rat (פְּרָת "Euphrates" H6578)
נָהָר (na.har) — river.
1) stream, river
1a) stream, river
1b) (underground) streams
Aramaic equivalent: ne.har (נְהַר "river" H5103H)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
riv'-er:
(1) The usual word is nahar (Aramaic nehar (Ezr 4:10, etc.)), used of the rivers of Eden (Ge 2:10-14), often of the Euphrates (Ge 15:18, etc.), of Abana and Pharpar (2Ki 5:12), the river of Gozan (2Ki 17:6), the river Chebar (Eze 1:1), the rivers (canals?) of Babylon (Ps 137:1), the rivers of Ethiopia (Isa 18:1; Ze 3:10). Compare nahr, the common Arabic word for "river."
River
(1.) Heb. ‘aphik, properly the channel or ravine that holds water (2 Sam. 22:16), translated “brook,” “river,” “stream,” but not necessarily a perennial stream (Ezek. 6:3; 31:12; 32:6; 34:13).
(2.) Heb. nahal, in winter a “torrent,” in summer a “wady” or valley (Gen. 32:23; Deut. 2:24; 3:16; Isa. 30:28; Lam. 2:18; Ezek. 47:9).
These winter torrents sometimes come down with great suddenness and with desolating force. A distinguished traveller thus describes his experience in this matter…
In the sense in which we employ the word viz. for a perennial stream of considerable size, a river is a much rarer object in the East than in the West. With the exception of the Jordan and the Litany, the streams of the holy land are either entirely dried up in the summer months converted into hot lanes of glaring stones, or else reduced to very small streamlets, deeply sunk in a narrow bed, and concealed from view by a dense growth of shrubs. The perennial river is called nahar by the Hebrews. With the definite article, "the river," it signifies invariably the Euphrates. (Genesis 31:21; Exodus 23:31; Numbers 24:6; 2 Samuel 10:16) etc. It is never applied to the fleeting…
This word answers in our Bible to various Hebrew terms, of which the principal are the following:
1. Yeor, an Egyptian word signifying river. It is always applied to the Nile and its various canals, except in Job 28:10 Da 12:5,6,7 2. Nahar, applied, like our word river, to constantly flowing streams, such as the Euphrates. In our version this word is sometimes rendered "flood," Jos 24:2,3, etc.
3. Nahal, a torrent-bed, or valley through which water flows in the rainy season only, Nu 34:5, etc; frequently rendered "brook," Nu 13:28 Job 6:15, etc. Such streams are to the…