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Psalms 6:10 — Word Study

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WLCיֵבֹ֤שׁוּ׀ וְיִבָּהֲל֣וּ מְ֭אֹד כָּל־ אֹיְבָ֑י יָ֝שֻׁ֗בוּ יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ רָֽגַע׃

BSAto hearshâmaʻ The LordYᵉhôvâh supplicationtᵉchinnâh The LordYᵉhôvâh prayertᵉphillâh to takelâqach

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 6
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 10 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Ra.ga') — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 6:10quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist declares that his enemies will experience shame and dismay, leading them to turn back in sudden disgrace.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, expressing his confidence in God's justice against his foes.
Where we areThis verse is part of a lament where the psalmist seeks relief from his troubles.
The hard wordיֵבֹ֤שׁוּ
Take awayThe enemies will be humiliated and will retreat in a moment of sudden shame.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbשָׁמַע The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 6:10

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Lament for Mercygenerated

7My eyes fail from grief; they grow dim because of all my foes.
8Depart from me, all you workers of iniquity, for the LORD has heard my weeping.
9The LORD has heard my cry for mercy; the LORD accepts my prayer.
10All my enemies will be ashamed and dismayed; they will turn back in sudden disgrace.

Psalm 6:10 is a part of a heartfelt lament where the psalmist expresses his distress and calls upon God for mercy. In the surrounding verses, he describes his grief and the threat posed by his enemies. The psalmist's plea highlights the emotional turmoil he faces, and he seeks assurance that justice will prevail over those who oppose him.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 5:10Declare them guilty, O God; let them fall by their own devices. Drive them out for their many transgressions, for they have rebelled against You.
2Psalm 7:6Arise, O LORD, in Your anger; rise up against the fury of my enemies. Awake, my God, and ordain judgment.
3Psalm 25:3Surely none who wait for You will be put to shame; but those who are faithless without cause will be disgraced.
4Psalm 35:26May those who gloat in my distress be ashamed and confounded; may those who exalt themselves over me be clothed in shame and reproach.
5Psalm 40:14–15May those who seek my life be ashamed and confounded; may those who wish me harm be repelled and humiliated.

The Key Word יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ, ye.Vo.shugenerated

The verb יֵבֹשׁוּ (ye.Vo.shu) is in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing or future action. It conveys the idea of being ashamed, a deep emotional response to guilt or disappointment. This word is often used in contexts where individuals face the consequences of their actions, leading to feelings of humiliation.

The root of this verb, בּוֹשׁ (buwsh), encompasses a range of meanings related to shame and disconcertion. The psalmist invokes this term to express the hope that his enemies will experience this profound emotion as a result of their actions against him.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

Translations of this verse generally agree on the meaning.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb יֵבֹשׁוּ (ye.Vo.shu) governs the main clause, indicating what the enemies will experience. The structure includes additional clauses that describe the emotional state and actions of the enemies, emphasizing the psalmist's confidence in their disgrace.

The word order emphasizes the enemies' shame and dismay, with the adverbial phrases providing intensity to their emotional response.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word יֵבֹשׁוּ is rendered as εἰσήκουσεν, which suggests a similar meaning of being ashamed. This choice indicates a consistent understanding of the emotional state of the enemies in both texts.

The translation reflects the urgency of the psalmist's plea, reinforcing the idea that the enemies will face immediate consequences for their actions.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 6:10 expresses the psalmist's hope that all his enemies will feel ashamed and disturbed, causing them to turn back in sudden disgrace. This verse is part of a lament where the psalmist seeks God's mercy and justice against those who oppose him.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean for the enemies to be ashamed?

Being ashamed indicates that the enemies will feel guilt or humiliation for their actions against the psalmist, reflecting their moral failure.

Why does the psalmist call for his enemies to be disturbed?

The psalmist desires that his enemies experience a sense of alarm or agitation, which may lead them to reconsider their actions and retreat.

What is the significance of the sudden disgrace?

The term 'sudden disgrace' emphasizes the abruptness of the enemies' downfall, highlighting the swift justice that the psalmist hopes for.

How does this verse relate to the overall theme of the psalm?

This verse encapsulates the psalmist's plea for divine intervention and justice, reflecting the broader theme of seeking mercy in times of distress.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what situations have I felt the need for justice against those who oppose me?
  2. How can I respond to my enemies in a way that reflects God's mercy?
  3. What does it mean for me to experience shame, and how can I learn from it?
  4. How can I support others who are facing opposition or distress?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers comment on this verse, discussing the psalmist's plea for his enemies to feel shame and the implications of their actions.

JeromeBRIEF COMMENTARY ON Psalms 6 c. 347–420
He prays not against his enemies but in their behalf so that they may be changed and may blush with shame at their sins; and they may blush not briefly but forcibly; not with delay but immediately.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 6 →
John ChrysostomCOMMENTARY ON THE Psalms 6:6 c. 347–407
It is as if we saw someone about to fall down a cliff and stopped him with the words, “Fellow, where are you heading? A cliff lies in front of you,” just so does this author demand that the evil people reverse their course.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 6 →
Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 6 354–430
"Let all mine enemies be ashamed and vexed" [Psalms 6:10]. He said above, "depart from me all you:" which can take place, as it has been explained,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 6 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 6:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Let all mine enemies be ashamed,.... Or "they shall be ashamed" (k); and so the following clauses may be rendered, and be considered as prophecies of what would be; though if this be considered as an

Read John Gill on Psalms 6 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Let all mine enemies be ashamed and sore vexed: let them return and be ashamed suddenly. Let all ... - or, 'All mine enemies shall be ashamed, etc.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 6 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Ashamed of their vain hopes and confidence of conquering and destroying me. Or, they shall be ashamed, because of their great and unexpected disappointment. Let them return, to wit, from their wicked ways, from their hostile and malicious practices against me, and let them come and submit to me, from whom they have revolted. Or, let them turn back, as it is expressed, ; let them be put to flight. Or, let them be converted, i.e. repent of their sins, and return to their obedience to me. Although it seems more probable, both from the foregoing and following words, that this turning or returning is rather penal than penitential. Or, they shall turn or return. Or this verb may be taken…

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 6 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 6:10 Let all mine enemies be ashamed and sore vexed: let them return [and] be ashamed suddenly.Ver. 10. Let all mine enemies be ashamed] When they see all their hopes of my death and downfall disappointed. Let them return] Retrocedant et in terrain cadant, saith the Arabic interpreter, Let them go backward, and fall to the earth. Some make this a prayer, some a prophecy; it comes all to one. And be ashamed suddenly] Let them be doubly ashamed, or deboshed, and that in a moment. These sudden and still revenges are very terrible. God usually premonisheth before he punisheth, but not always. Now as blessings, the more unexpected the more welcome; so judgments, the more sudden the more…

Read John Trapp on Psalms 6 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(10) Let all mine enemies.—Better rendered either by the present or future. The Psalmist with the eye of faith sees the answer to his prayer. Return—i.e., retire discomfited and in failure. “My enemies shall all be blank, and dasht With much confusion: then grow red with shame; They shall return in haste the way they came, And in a moment shall be quite abashed.”— Milton’s trans.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 6 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 10. Ashamed and sore vexed] May they as deeply deplore their transgressions as I have done mine! May they return; may they be suddenly converted! The original will bear this meaning, and it is the most congenial to Christian principles. ANALYSIS OF TEE SIXTH PSALM The parts of this Psalm are TWO, in general: - I. A petition to God for himself, contained in the first seven verses. II. The account of his restoration, contained in the three last. I. The petition consists of two parts: 1. Deprecation of evil; 2. Petition for good. 1. He prays to God to avert his wrath: "O Lord, rebuke me not," c. 2. He entreats to be partaker of God's favour: "Have mercy upon me," c. 1. To his BODY: "Heal…

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 6 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

10. It is better to render the verbs as future: All mine enemies shall be ashamed and sore vexed; They shall turn back, they shall be ashamed in a moment. The ‘dismay’, which he had felt to be a token of divine displeasure (Psalms 6:2-3), is now retorted upon those who took a malicious delight in his misfortunes. When God returns to His servant, his assailants are repulsed in sudden and ignominious defeat. Cp. Psalms 35:4; Psalms 35:26, Psalms 56:9, Psalms 83:17.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 6 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Let all mine enemies be ashamed - Be so brought to see their folly that they shall be ashamed of their conduct.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 6 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

All my enemies will be ashamed and dismayed; they will turn back in sudden disgrace.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

May all my enemies be ashamed and dismayed. They shall turn back, they shall be disgraced suddenly.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

All my enemies will be ashamed and dismayed; they will turn back in sudden disgrace.

NETBNew English Translation2006

May all my enemies be humiliated and absolutely terrified! May they turn back and be suddenly humiliated!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Let all mine enemies be ashamed and sore vexed: let them return and be ashamed suddenly.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

All mine enemies shall be put to shame and sore troubled: They shall turn back, they shall be put to shame suddenly.

RVARevised Version, American1894

All mine enemies shall be ashamed and sore vexed: they shall turn back, they shall be ashamed suddenly.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Let all my enemies be ashamed and greatly disquieted: let them return and be suddenly ashamed.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

All mine enemies shall be confounded and sore vexed: they shall be turned backe, and put to shame suddenly.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

All mine enemies shall be ashamed and tremble exceedingly; they will turn, they will be ashamed suddenly.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Ashamed and troubled greatly are all mine enemies, They turn back — ashamed [in] a moment!

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

All my enemies are greatly ashamed and troubled, || They turn back—ashamed [in] a moment!

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(6:11) Ashamed and greatly terrified shall become all my enemies; they will turn round, and be made ashamed in a moment.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

All my enemies will be ashamed and greatly troubled. They will turn back and be suddenly humiliated.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The Lord hath heard my supplication: the Lord hath received my prayer.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

All who hate me will be shamefully defeated and terrified; they will run away in disgrace.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Let all those who are against me be shamed and deeply troubled; let them be turned back and suddenly put to shame.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverb phrase · verbיֵבֹ֤שׁוּthey.will.be.ashamedוְandיִבָּהֲל֣וּthey.will.be.disturbedadverbialמְ֭אֹדexceedinglynoun phrase · subjectכָּלallnoun phraseאֹיְבָ֑enemiesיmyclauseverbיָ֝שֻׁ֗בוּthey.will.turn.backclauseverbיֵבֹ֥שׁוּthey.will.be.ashamedadverbialרָֽגַעa.moment

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with six of the eight words matched. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of the psalmist's message across these ancient witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ׀ וְיִבָּהֲל֣וּ מְ֭אֹד כָּל־ אֹיְבָ֑י יָ֝שֻׁ֗בוּ יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ רָֽגַע׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ׀εἰσήκουσενוְיִבָּהֲל֣וּκύριοςמְ֭אֹדμουכָּל־κύριοςאֹיְבָ֑יμουיָ֝שֻׁ֗בוּπροσεδέχατο

6 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 6:10בּוֹשׁmay they bemay they be ashבּוֹשׁבָּהַלand they maand they may beבָּהַלמְאֹדexceedinglyexceedinglyמְאֹדכֹּלallallכֹּלאָיַבenemies myenemies myאָיַבשׁוּבthey will tthey will turn שׁוּבבּוֹשׁthey will bthey will be asבּוֹשׁרֶ֫גַעa momenta momentרֶ֫גַעכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלרָגַעto disturbto disturbרָגַעאוּדfirebrandfirebrandאוּדאָיַבbe hostilebe hostileאָיַבחָפֵרbe ashamedbe ashamedחָפֵרכָּלַםbe humiliabe humiliatedכָּלַםאִיcoastlandcoastlandאִיאָחַזto graspto graspאָחַזכָּבֵדheavyheavyכָּבֵדרָבָהto multiplto multiplyרָבָהעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהצַרnarrownarrowצַרשָׂנֵאto hateto hateשָׂנֵאשְׁבִיתcaptivitycaptivityשְׁבִיתחָרוֹןburning anburning angerחָרוֹןחָרַדto trembleto trembleחָרַדמְעַטlittlelittleמְעַט
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 6:10

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

may they be ashamed and they may be disturbed exceedingly all enemies my they will turn back they will be ashamed a moment
יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ׀ye.Vo.shu may they be ashamed H954 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To be ashamed is what this Hebrew word means, implying a feeling of guilt or disappointment. It is used to describe someone who is disconcerted or delayed, like in the story of Adam and Eve. Shame is a strong emotion.
Tyndale gloss
be ashamed
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בּוֹשׁ (buwsh) is a Hebrew root meaning 'to be ashamed.' It encompasses feelings of shame, disappointment, and disconcertion. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal (to feel shame), Piel (to delay in shame), and Hiphil (to put to shame). The entries indicate a range of uses, from personal feelings of shame to actions that cause shame to others.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בּוֹשׁ 109 vb. be ashamed

Qal

abs. feel shame

sq. מִן, be ashamed of, i.e. disconcerted, disappointed by reason of

with obj. I am ashamed to ask

Polel delay (in shame)

Hiph.

put to shame

put to shame

act shamefully

to be put to shame

be ashamed

Hithp. ashamed before one another

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H954 בּוֹשׁ be ashamed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

954 buwsh boosh

a primitive root; properly, to pale, i.e. by implication to

be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or

delayed:--(be, make, bring to, cause, put to, with,

a-)shamed(-d), be (put to) confounded(-fusion), become dry,

delay, be long.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בּוֹשׁ (bush) — be ashamed.

1) to put to shame, be ashamed, be disconcerted, be disappointed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to feel shame

1a2) to be ashamed, disconcerted, disappointed (by reason of)

1b) (Piel) to delay (in shame)

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to put to shame

1c2) to act shamefully

1c3) to be ashamed

1d) (Hithpolel) to be ashamed before one another

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-shamd': Almost exclusively moral in significance; confusion or abashment through consciousness of guilt or of its exposure. Often including also a sense of terror or fear because of the disgrace connected with the performance of some action. Capacity for shame indicates that moral sense (conscience) is not extinct. "Ashamed" occurs 96 out of 118 times in the Old Testament. Hebrew bosh, "to feel shame" (Latin, pudere), with derivatives occurs 80 times; kalam, "to shame," including the thought of "disgrace," "reproach"; chapher, "to blush": hence shame because of frustrated plans (uniformly in the Revised Version (British and American) "confounded"); Greek aischunomai, "suffused with shame," passive only and its compounds. Uses:

(1) A few times, of actual embarrassment, as of Hazael before the steadfast look of Elisha (2Ki 8:11; see…

may they be ashamed and they may be disturbed exceedingly all enemies my they will turn back they will be ashamed a moment
וְיִבָּהֲל֣וּve.yi.ba.ha.Lu and they may be disturbed H926 Conjunction · verb niphal third person masculine plural
39× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to be alarmed or agitated, often suddenly. It's used in the Bible to describe people's reactions to frightening events, like battles or natural disasters. It can also mean to hurry or act hastily.
Tyndale gloss
to dismay
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּהַל (bahal) is a Hebrew verb that conveys a range of meanings related to disturbance and haste. It can mean to be disturbed, terrified, or anxious, as well as to act hastily or make haste. The entries indicate various grammatical forms, including Niph, Pi, Pu, and Hiph, which reflect different nuances of dismay and urgency.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[בָּהַל] vb.

Niph.

be disturbed, dismayed, terrified

be in haste, hasty

Pi.

dismay, terrify

hasten, make haste, act hastily

Pu. hastened; hastily gained

Hiph.

dismay, terrify

(late) hasten, hurry

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H926 בָּהַל . . be disturbed, dismayed, terrified

. be in haste, hasty

. . dismay, terrify

. hasten, make haste, act hastily

. hastened; hastily gained

. . dismay, terrify

. (late) hasten, hurry

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

926 bahal baw-hal'

a primitive root; to tremble inwardly (or palpitate), i.e.

(figuratively) be (causative, make) (suddenly) alarmed or

agitated; by implication to hasten anxiously:--be (make)

affrighted (afraid, amazed, dismayed, rash), (be, get, make)

haste(-n, -y, -ily), (give) speedy(-ily), thrust out, trouble,

vex.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּהַל (ba.hal) — to dismay.

1) to disturb, alarm, terrify, hurry, be disturbed, be anxious, be afraid, be hurried, be nervous

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to be disturbed, dismayed, terrified, anxious

1a2) to be in haste, be hasty

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to make haste, act hastily, be hurried, be hastened

1b2) to dismay, terrify

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to hasten

1c2) hastened, hastily gained (part.)

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to hasten, hurry, make haste

1d2) to dismay, terrify

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/VNu3mp — Conjunction · verb niphal third person masculine plural
HC/VNu3mp
may they be ashamed and they may be disturbed exceedingly all enemies my they will turn back they will be ashamed a moment
מְ֭אֹדMe.'od exceedingly H3966
300× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Meod means 'much' or 'very' and is used to emphasize something. It can mean 'exceedingly' or 'greatly' and is often used to show strong feelings or actions.
Tyndale gloss
much
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מְאֹד (m`od) refers to concepts of muchness, force, and abundance. It serves as an adverb meaning exceedingly or greatly, often used to intensify other words. The entries highlight its use in various idioms to express magnitude or degree, with a focus on might and intensity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מְאֹד n.m. muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly

force, might

in diff. idioms (298 t.) to express the idea of exceedingly, greatly, very (whether of magnitude or degree)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3966 מְאֹד muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly . force, might

. in diff. idiomns (298 t.) to express the idea of exceedingly, greatly, very (whether of magnitude or degree)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3966 m`od meh-ode'

from the same as 181; properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or

without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly,

speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or

superlative; especially when repeated):--diligently,

especially, exceeding(-ly), far, fast, good, great(-ly), X

louder and louder, might(-ily, -y), (so) much, quickly, (so)

sore, utterly, very (+ much, sore), well.

see HEBREW for 0181

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מְאֹד (me.od) — much.

adv

1) exceedingly, much

subst

2) might, force, abundance

n m

3) muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly

3a) force, might

3b) exceedingly, greatly, very (idioms showing magnitude or degree)

3b1) exceedingly

3b2) up to abundance, to a great degree, exceedingly

3b3) with muchness, muchness

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HAcmsa
HAcmsa
may they be ashamed and they may be disturbed exceedingly all enemies my they will turn back they will be ashamed a moment
כָּל־kol- all H3605 Noun common · masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
may they be ashamed and they may be disturbed exceedingly all enemies my they will turn back they will be ashamed a moment
אֹיְבָ֑י'o.ye.Vai enemies my H341 Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common · suffix
283× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means enemy or adversary, referring to someone who hates or opposes another person or nation. It is used to describe personal or national enemies in the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
enemy
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֹיֵב (oyeb) means 'enemy' or 'foe,' indicating hostility. It can refer to personal or national adversaries. The word is derived from the active participle of another root, אָיַב (ayab), which also conveys the sense of being hostile.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[אָיַב] 283 vb. be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H341 אָיַב be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

341 'oyeb o-yabe'

or (fully) owyeb {o-yabe'}; active participle of 340;

hating; an adversary:--enemy, foe.

see HEBREW for 0340

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֹיֵב (o.yev) — enemy.

1) (Qal) enemy

1a) personal

1b) national

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqrmpc/Sp1bs — Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common · suffix
HVqrmpc/Sp1bs
may they be ashamed and they may be disturbed exceedingly all enemies my they will turn back they will be ashamed a moment
יָ֝שֻׁ֗בוּya.Shu.vu they will turn back H7725 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
1,057× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to return or turn back, and can be used literally or figuratively. It is often used to describe someone returning to God or repenting from sin, as seen in the book of Psalms and the prophets.
Tyndale gloss
to return: return
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to turn back or return, covering a wide range of contexts including physical, spiritual, and relational. It can denote returning to a previous state, repenting, or even apostatizing. The entries describe various forms and uses, including bringing back, restoring, and refreshing. Notably, it can also imply a change in course of action.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שׁוּב 1056 vb. turn back, return

Qal 683;—turn back, return:

turn back

return, come or go back

esp. return unto

of dying

of revival from death

fig. of human relations:

return to leader, king

= change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)

turn, i.e. resort to

return to a physical condition

abs. = change course of action

fig., specif. of spiritual relations:

turn back from God = apostatize

of י׳, turn away

turn back to God (= seek penitently)

abs. repent

turn back from evil

of י׳

of י׳, return (to shew favour)

of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):

denoting repetition, etc.

trans.

Pō‛l.

bring back

fig. restore, refresh

restore, repair

lead away (enticingly)

shew turning = apostatize

Hiph. 353 cause to return, bring back

bring back into bondage

put back

= draw back

= give back, restore

= relinguish

= give in payment, requital

bring one back (from dead)

bring back heart

= refresh

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7725 שׁוּב turn back, return .—turn back, return: . turn back

. return, come or go back

. esp. return unto

. . of dying

. of revival from death

. fig. of human relations: . return to leader, king

. = change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)

. turn, i.e. resort to

. return to a physical condition

. abs. = change course of action

. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: . turn back from God = apostatize

. of י׳, turn away

. turn back to God (= seek penitently)

. abs. repent

. turn back from evil

. of י׳

. of י׳, return (to shew favour)

. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):

. denoting repetition, etc.

. trans.

. . bring back

. . fig. restore, refresh

. restore, repair

. lead away (enticingly)

. shew turning = apostatize

. cause to return, bring back . . bring back into bondage

. put back

. = draw back

. = give back, restore

. = relinguish

. = give in payment, requital

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7725 shuwb shoob

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or

intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily

with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to

retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise,

dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge,

make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer

(+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring

(again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back),

cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, +

continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back,

fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give

(again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see)

more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put

(again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh,

relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve,

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שׁוּב (shuv) — to return: return.

: return

1) to return, turn back

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to turn back, return

1a1a) to turn back

1a1b) to return, come or go back

1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back

1a1d) of dying

1a1e) of human relations (fig)

1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig)

1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise

1a1f2) to turn away (of God)

1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent

1a1f4) turn back (from evil)

1a1g) of inanimate things

1a1h) in repetition

1b) (Polel)

1b1) to bring back

1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig)

1b3) to lead away (enticingly)

1b4) to show turning, apostatise

1c) (Pual) restored (participle)

1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back

1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment

1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore

1d3) to bring back, report to, answer

1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
may they be ashamed and they may be disturbed exceedingly all enemies my they will turn back they will be ashamed a moment
יֵבֹ֥שׁוּye.Vo.shu they will be ashamed H954 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To be ashamed is what this Hebrew word means, implying a feeling of guilt or disappointment. It is used to describe someone who is disconcerted or delayed, like in the story of Adam and Eve. Shame is a strong emotion.
Tyndale gloss
be ashamed
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בּוֹשׁ (buwsh) is a Hebrew root meaning 'to be ashamed.' It encompasses feelings of shame, disappointment, and disconcertion. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal (to feel shame), Piel (to delay in shame), and Hiphil (to put to shame). The entries indicate a range of uses, from personal feelings of shame to actions that cause shame to others.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בּוֹשׁ 109 vb. be ashamed

Qal

abs. feel shame

sq. מִן, be ashamed of, i.e. disconcerted, disappointed by reason of

with obj. I am ashamed to ask

Polel delay (in shame)

Hiph.

put to shame

put to shame

act shamefully

to be put to shame

be ashamed

Hithp. ashamed before one another

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H954 בּוֹשׁ be ashamed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

954 buwsh boosh

a primitive root; properly, to pale, i.e. by implication to

be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or

delayed:--(be, make, bring to, cause, put to, with,

a-)shamed(-d), be (put to) confounded(-fusion), become dry,

delay, be long.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בּוֹשׁ (bush) — be ashamed.

1) to put to shame, be ashamed, be disconcerted, be disappointed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to feel shame

1a2) to be ashamed, disconcerted, disappointed (by reason of)

1b) (Piel) to delay (in shame)

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to put to shame

1c2) to act shamefully

1c3) to be ashamed

1d) (Hithpolel) to be ashamed before one another

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-shamd': Almost exclusively moral in significance; confusion or abashment through consciousness of guilt or of its exposure. Often including also a sense of terror or fear because of the disgrace connected with the performance of some action. Capacity for shame indicates that moral sense (conscience) is not extinct. "Ashamed" occurs 96 out of 118 times in the Old Testament. Hebrew bosh, "to feel shame" (Latin, pudere), with derivatives occurs 80 times; kalam, "to shame," including the thought of "disgrace," "reproach"; chapher, "to blush": hence shame because of frustrated plans (uniformly in the Revised Version (British and American) "confounded"); Greek aischunomai, "suffused with shame," passive only and its compounds. Uses:

(1) A few times, of actual embarrassment, as of Hazael before the steadfast look of Elisha (2Ki 8:11; see…

may they be ashamed and they may be disturbed exceedingly all enemies my they will turn back they will be ashamed a moment
רָֽגַע׃Ra.ga' a moment H7281 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
22× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a very short space of time, like the blink of an eye. It can be translated as a moment, instant, or suddenly.
Tyndale gloss
moment
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֶ֫גַע (rega) refers to a very brief period of time, translated as 'moment' or 'instant.' It can denote a short space of time, such as 'for a moment' or 'in a moment.' The word is derived from a root meaning 'to wink,' emphasizing its fleeting nature.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֶ֫גַע n.m. a moment

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7281 רֶ֫גַע a moment

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7281 rega` reh'-gah

from 7280. a wink (of the eyes), i.e. a very short space of

time:--instant, moment, space, suddenly.

see HEBREW for 07280

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֶ֫גַע (re.ga) — moment.

1) a moment

adv

2) for a moment, at one moment...at another moment

with prep

3) in a moment

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

mo'-ment (regha`, "a wink"; atomos, "an atom," stigme, "a point," parautika, immediately," "forthwith"): "Moment" is not used in Scripture for a division of time, but for an instant of time, as the wink or twinkling of the eye (Ex 33:5; Nu 16:21,45; La 4:6; 1Co 15:52), or for a short period of time (Job 20:5; Ps 30:5; Isa 26:20; 2Co 4:17). The division of the hour into sixty minutes was certainly known in Babylonia, and the Jews were made acquainted with it, at…

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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