Psalms 75:5 — Word Study
WLCאַל־ תָּרִ֣ימוּ לַמָּר֣וֹם קַרְנְכֶ֑ם תְּדַבְּר֖וּ בְצַוָּ֣אר עָתָֽק׃
BSADo notʼal [let not be, do not allow] lift uprûwm▸ your hornqeren [a horn; a hill or peak]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אַל־ | may not | Particle |
| תָּרִ֣ימוּ | you lift up | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect second person masculine plural |
| לַמָּר֣וֹם | to the height | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| קַרְנְכֶ֑ם | horn your | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| תְּדַבְּר֖וּ | may you speak | Verb, Piel, imperfect second person masculine plural |
| בְצַוָּ֣אר | with a neck | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| עָתָֽק׃ | arrogance |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Do not lift up your horn against heaven or speak with an outstretched neck.’” |
| KJV | Lift not up your horn on high: speak not with a stiff neck. |
| ASV | Lift not up your horn on high; Speak not with a stiff neck. |
| YLT | Raise not up on high your horn, (Ye speak with a stiff neck.) |
| WEB | Don’t lift up your horn on high. Don’t speak with a stiff neck.” |
| BBE | Let not your horn be lifted up: let no more words of pride come from your outstretched necks. |
Where they part company is not applicable, as the translations agree on the key elements of the verse.
The verse contains two main clauses connected by 'or,' with additional phrases providing context for each action.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbלְ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 75:5
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Warning Against Pridegenerated
Psalms 75:5 is part of a larger passage where the psalmist speaks to the proud and wicked, reminding them that their exaltation does not come from their own strength but from God. The verses surrounding this one emphasize God's role in judgment and the importance of humility. The psalmist's message resonates with themes found throughout the Old Testament, where pride is consistently cautioned against.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 32:9 | The LORD also said to Moses, “I have seen this people, and they are indeed a stiff-necked people. |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 31:27 | For I know how rebellious and stiff-necked you are. If you are already rebelling against the LORD while I am still alive, how much more will you rebel after my death! |
| 3 | 2 Chronicles 30:8 | Now do not stiffen your necks as your fathers did. Submit to the LORD and come to His sanctuary, which He has consecrated forever. Serve the LORD your God, so that His fierce anger will turn away from you. |
| 4 | Isaiah 48:4 | For I knew that you are stubborn; your neck is iron and your forehead is bronze. |
| 5 | Ezekiel 2:4 | They are obstinate and stubborn children. I am sending you to them, and you are to say to them, ‘This is what the Lord GOD says.’ |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — תָּרִ֣ימוּ, ta.Ri.mugenerated
The verb תָּרִ֣ימוּ (ta.Ri.mu) is a Hiphil imperfect form, meaning 'you lift up.' This verb encompasses both the physical act of lifting and the figurative sense of exalting oneself in pride. The parsing indicates it is directed towards a second person masculine plural, addressing a group.
In this context, the call to not lift up one's 'horn' signifies a warning against arrogance and self-exaltation, particularly in relation to God. The psalmist uses this verb to emphasize the futility of pride in the face of divine authority.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs תָּרִ֣ימוּ (you lift up) and תְּדַבְּר֖וּ (may you speak) govern the main clauses, with prepositional phrases describing the actions. The structure emphasizes the actions being directed against God and highlights the attitude of arrogance.
The Hebrew word order places the negative particle אַל (al) at the beginning, underscoring the prohibition and setting the tone for the admonition that follows.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew תָּרִ֣ימוּ is rendered as ὑψοῦτε, which means 'to exalt.' This choice narrows the focus to the act of exalting oneself, aligning with the original Hebrew meaning but emphasizing the action of raising up.
The Septuagint's rendering suggests a clear interpretation of the prideful act being condemned, maintaining the original's warning against arrogance.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 75:5 warns against pride and arrogance. The psalmist tells the proud not to lift up their horn against heaven or to speak with an outstretched neck, which symbolizes haughtiness. This verse emphasizes humility before God and the futility of self-exaltation.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Lifting up your horn symbolizes pride and self-exaltation, often in defiance of God's authority.
An outstretched neck represents arrogance and haughtiness, suggesting a proud attitude towards God.
The verse warns against pride and encourages humility, reminding us that true exaltation comes from God.
This verse aligns with many other biblical passages that caution against pride and emphasize the importance of humility before God.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I seen pride manifest in my own life, and how can I combat it?
- How can I practice humility in my daily interactions with others?
- What are some examples from Scripture that illustrate the consequences of arrogance?
- How can I remind myself to rely on God for my worth rather than seeking to exalt myself?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers, such as Augustine, referenced this verse to discuss pride and humility in relation to God's authority.
"Be not therefore lifted up: speak not iniquity against God" [Psalms 75:5]....What says He in another Psalm? "These things you have done," having enumerated certain sins.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 75 →
If you say that, you will not be singing to no purpose, “I said, Lord, have mercy on me; heal my soul, for I have sinned against you.” If God is blamed for the evil that you do and you take credit for the good,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 75 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 75:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleLift not up your horn on high,.... Or "against the most High" (q); as the little horn, or the beast with ten horns, antichrist, does, whose look is more stout than his fellows, and opens his mouth in
Read John Gill on Psalms 75 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryI said unto the fools, Deal not foolishly: and to the wicked, Lift not up the horn: -In reliance on God's promise (Psalms 75:2-3), Israel warns the haughty foe no more to lift up the neck in pride,
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 75 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleLift not up your horn on high; a metaphor from untamed and stiff-necked oxen, which will not bow their heads to receive the yoke, but lift up their heads and horns to avoid it. Or, against the High, i.e. against God, who is mentioned under this same title, , though there it be rendered Most High. Speak not, to wit, against me and my government. With a stiff neck; with pride and contempt of my person, and with rebellion against God’ s will declared concerning my advancement, of which you are not ignorant. See ,18.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 75 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 75:5 Lift not up your horn on high: speak [not with] a stiff neck.Ver. 5. Lift not up your horn on high] Against the high God; so Tremellius rendereth it. Speak not with a stiff neck] Some render it, with an old neck; let old things pass, and now speak with a new and humble throat. Hard words and stout speeches, uttered from a mind vehemently moved out of its place (as the word here used importeth), shall be one day dearly answered for, Judges 1:15.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 75 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(5) Lift not up your horn.—The “horn” is a symbol of honour (Psalms 112:9); of strength (Micah 4:13; Deuteronomy 33:17). The figure is taken from horned animals. (See 1 Samuel 2:1; 1 Samuel 2:10.) With a stiff neck.—Better, with the neck proudly or wantonly raised.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 75 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 5. Speak not with a stiff neck.] Mr. Bruce has observed that the Abyssinian kings have a horn on their diadem; and that the keeping it erect, or in a projecting form, makes them appear as if they had a stiff neck; and refers to this passage for the antiquity of the usage, and the appearance also.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 75 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges5. speak not with a stiff neck] Better, as R.V. marg., Speak not insolently with a haughty neck. Cp. 1 Samuel 2:3; and for neck = haughty neck, see Job 15:26. Not should not have been italicised in A.V. A single negative governs both clauses in the Heb. though our idiom requires its repetition. There is an interesting various reading in the LXX, “Speak not unrighteousness against God.” They read in their text the word for Rock, which differs by only one consonant from the word for neck (φεΰψ—φεψ); and it is noteworthy that this title of God occurs in Isaiah 30:29. Cp. Habakkuk 1:12.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 75 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleLift not up your horn on high - In a proud, self-confident, arrogant manner. Speak not with a stiff neck - With arrogance and pride; in a haughty, imperious manner.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 75 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Do not lift up your horn against heaven or speak with an outstretched neck.’”
Don’t lift up your horn on high. Don’t speak with a stiff neck.”
Do not lift up your horn against heaven or speak with an outstretched neck.’”
Do not be so certain you have won! Do not speak with your head held so high!
Tyndale line
Lift not up your horn on high: speak not with a stiff neck.
Lift not up your horn on high; Speak not with a stiff neck.
Lift not up your horn on high; speak not with a stiff neck.
Lift not up your horn on high: speak not with a stiff neck.
Lift not vp your horne on high, neither speake with a stiffe necke.
Strictly literal
Lift not up your horn on high; speak not arrogantly with a [stiff] neck.
Raise not up on high your horn, (Ye speak with a stiff neck.)
Do not raise up your horn on high || (You speak with a stiff neck).
(75:6) Lift not up on high your horn, speak not with a stiffly erect neck.
Do not lift up your horn to the heights; do not speak with an insolent neck.”
From the Latin
Thou enlightenest wonderfully from the everlasting hills.
Simplified
No, don't be proud and arrogant, insulting heaven.”
Let not your horn be lifted up: let no more words of pride come from your outstretched necks.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of אַל־ תָּרִ֣ימוּ לַמָּר֣וֹם קַרְנְכֶ֑ם תְּדַבְּר֖וּ בְצַוָּ֣אר עָתָֽק׃. The Septuagint matches the Hebrew word-for-word, indicating no significant variations in this verse.
אַל־ תָּרִ֣ימוּ לַמָּר֣וֹם קַרְנְכֶ֑ם תְּדַבְּר֖וּ בְצַוָּ֣אר עָתָֽק׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 75:5
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.
אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
base
H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
408 'al al
a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified
negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,
nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing
(worth), rather than.
see HEBREW for 03808
אַל (al) — not.
1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)
1a) do not, let not (with a verb)
1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)
1c) not, no (with substantive)
1d) nothing (as substantive)
Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)
Part — ParticleHTn
רוּם (ruwm) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be high or exalted, covering a range of actions such as rising, lifting, and promoting. It can refer to physical elevation, like raising an ark or setting up a throne, as well as figurative exaltation, particularly in relation to God. The word also has a related form, רָמַם (ramam), which means to be wormy.
רוּם vb. be high, exalted, rise
Qal
be high, lit. rock (in fig.)
esp. of י׳
be raised, uplifted
be lifted, rise, of ark
Pō‛lēl
raise, rear, children
cause tree to grow
lift up
exalt, extol, acc. י׳
Pō‛lal be lift up
Hiph.
raise, rear, c. acc., hand
raise poor
lift up voice
(take into one's hand and) lift, take up, stone
set up, erect, stone
set on high, throne
lift up, exalt, c. acc. pers.
lift up and take away, remove
lift off and present, contribute, offer
Hoph. be taken off from; be abolished
Hithpō‛l. and he shall exalt and magnify himself above, etc.; I will raise myself
base
[רָמַם] vb. denom. be wormy;—Ex 16:20
ref
H7311a רוּם be high, exalted, rise .. . be high, lit. rock (in fig.)
. esp. of י׳
. be raised, uplifted
. be lifted, rise, of ark
.. . raise, rear, children
. cause tree to grow
. lift up
. exalt, extol, acc. י׳
.be lift up
. . . . raise, rear, c. acc., hand
. raise poor
. lift up voice
. (take into one's hand and) lift, take up, stone
. set up, erect, stone
. set on high, throne
. lift up, exalt, c. acc. pers.
. lift up and take away, remove
. lift off and present, contribute, offer
. be taken off from; be abolished
. and he shall exalt and magnify himself above, etc.; I will raise myself
H7311b רָמַם vb. denom. be wormy
7311 ruwm room
a primitive root; to be high actively, to rise or raise (in
various applications, literally or figuratively):--bring up,
exalt (self), extol, give, go up, haughty, heave (up), (be,
lift up on, make on, set up on, too) high(-er, one), hold up,
levy, lift(-er) up, (be) lofty, (X a-)loud, mount up, offer
(up), + presumptuously, (be) promote(-ion), proud, set up,
tall(-er), take (away, off, up), breed worms.
רוּם (rum) — to exalt.
1) to rise, rise up, be high, be lofty, be exalted
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be high, be set on high
1a2) to be raised, be uplifted, be exalted
1a3) to be lifted, rise
1b) (Polel)
1b1) to raise or rear (children), cause to grow up
1b2) to lift up, raise, exalt
1b3) to exalt, extol
1c) (Polal) to be lifted up
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to raise, lift, lift up, take up, set up, erect, exalt, set on high
1d2) to lift up (and take away), remove
1d3) to lift off and present, contribute, offer, contribute
1e) (Hophal) to be taken off, be abolished
1f) (Hithpolel) to exalt oneself, magnify oneself
Aramaic equivalent: rum (רוּם "to rise" H7313)
רָמַם (ra.mam) — be rotten.
(Qal) to be rotten, be wormy
V-Hiphil-Juss-2mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect second person masculine pluralHVhi2mp
מָרוֹם (marowm) means 'height' and encompasses both concrete and abstract uses, referring to elevated places, elevation, and even pride. It can describe physical heights or be used figuratively for dignity and nobility. The word is poetically used in the Old Testament, with its root linked to the concept of altitude.
מָרוֹם n.m. height (poet.)
height, elevation (concr.), elevated place
alone = height of heaven
adv. fig., = proudly
fig. of nobles
base
H4791 מָרוֹם height (poet.)
4791 marowm maw-rome'
from 7311; altitude, i.e. concretely (an elevated place),
abstractly (elevation, figuratively (elation), or adverbially
(aloft):--(far) above, dignity, haughty, height, (most, on)
high (one, place), loftily, upward.
see HEBREW for 07311
מָרוֹם (ma.rom) — height.
1) height
1a) height, elevation, elevated place
1a1) in a high place (adv)
1b) height
1c) proudly (adv)
1d) of nobles (fig.)
HRd/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
The Hebrew word קֶ֫רֶן (*qeren*) primarily means 'horn,' which can refer to a ram's horn, a musical instrument, or horn-like projections on an altar. It also has figurative meanings related to strength and can denote a flask or rays of light. The term קַרְנַ֫יִם (*qarnaim*) refers to a location conquered by Israel, likely in Bashan.
קֶ֫רֶן 75 n.f. horn
of ram
used as oil-flask
as wind instr.
(from curved shape of tusks)
fig. of pers., symbol of strength
of altar, horn-like projections at corners
hill (so in Ar., peak, isolated hill)
rays at his side(s) he had (of lightning-flashes in theoph.)
base
קַרְנַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. conquered by Isr.; prob. in Bashan
base
H7161a קֶ֫רֶן horn . . of ram
. used as oil-flask
. as wind instr.
. (from curved shape of tusks)
. fig. of pers., symbol of strength
. of altar, horn-like projections at corners
. hill (so in Ar., peak, isolated hill)
. rays at his side(s) he had (of lightning-flashes in theoph.)
H7161b קַרְנַ֫יִם conquered by Isr.; prob. in Bashan
7161 qeren keh'-ren
from 7160; a horn (as projecting); by implication, a flask,
cornet; by resembl. an elephant's tooth (i.e. ivory), a corner
(of the altar), a peak (of a mountain), a ray (of light);
figuratively, power:--X hill, horn.
see HEBREW for 07160
קֶ֫רֶן (qe.ren) — horn.
1) horn
1a) horn
1b) of strength (fig)
1c) flask (container for oil)
1d) horn (as musical instrument)
1e) horn (of horn-like projections on the altar)
1f) of rays of light
1g) hill
Aramaic equivalent: qe.ren (קֶ֫רֶן "horn" H7162)
קַרְנַ֫יִם (qar.na.im) — Karnaim.
(BDB) Karnaim, a place conquered by Israel probably in Bashan
Another name of ash.te.rot qar.na.yim (עַשְׁתְּרֹת קַרְנַיִם "Ashteroth-karnaim" H6255)
N-cs — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp2mp
דָבַר (dabar) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning 'to speak.' It encompasses a range of actions including declaring, commanding, and conversing. The root suggests a figurative use of words, with some entries noting a rare destructive sense of subduing. Various forms of the verb indicate different nuances, such as speaking with one another or making promises.
[דָבַר] 1142 vb. speak (original mng. dub.)
Qal speak
Niph. reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk
Pi. speak
Pu. in the day when she may be spoken for
Hithp. speaking this word
Hiph. either leads subject, or puts to flight, fig. for subdues
base
H1696 דָבַר speak (original mng. dub.)
1696 dabar daw-bar'
a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used
figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive
sense) to subdue:--answer, appoint, bid, command, commune,
declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse,
say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think,
use (entreaties), utter, X well, X work.
דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: speak.
: speak/tell/command
1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing
1a) (Qal) to speak
1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to speak
1c2) to promise
1d) (Pual) to be spoken
1e) (Hithpael) to speak
1f) (Hiphil) to lead away, put to flight
דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: subdue.
: subdue
1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing
1a) (Qal) to speak
1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to speak
1c2) to promise
1d) (Pual) to be spoken
1e) (Hithpael) to speak
1f) (Hiphil) to lead away, put to flight
דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: promise.
: promise/declare
1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing
1a) (Qal) to speak
1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to speak
1c2) to promise
1d) (Pual) to be spoken
1e) (Hithpael) to speak
HVpi2mp — Verb · Piel · imperfect second person masculine pluralHVpi2mp
The Hebrew word צַוָּאר (*tsavvar*) primarily means 'neck' or 'back of the neck,' and can refer to both humans and animals. It is related to the word צַוָּרוֹן (*tsavvaron*), which means 'necklace,' as noted in Song of Solomon 4:9. The term is derived from a root meaning 'binding,' suggesting a connection to burdens carried on the neck.
צַוָּאר n.m. neck, back of neck
base
[צַוָּרוֹן] n.[m.]pl. necklace;—sf. Ct 4:9.
ref
H6677a צַוָּאר neck, back of neck H6677b צַוָּרוֹן n. [m.] pl. necklace
6677 tsavva'r tsav-vawr'
or tsavvar (Nehemiah 3:5) {tsav-vawr'}; or tsavvaron (Song of
Solomon 4:9) {tsav-vaw-rone'}; or (feminine) tsavva.rah (Micah
2:3) {tsav-vaw-raw'}; intensively from 6696 in the sense of
binding; the back of the neck (as that on which burdens are
bound):--neck.
see HEBREW for 06696
צַוָּאר (tsav.var) — neck.
1) neck, back of neck
1a) neck, back of neck (of man)
1b) neck (of animals)
Aramaic equivalent: tsav.var (צַוַּאר "neck" H6676)
צַוָּרוֹן (tsav.va.ron) — necklace.
necklace
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
nek (tsawwar, tsawwa'r, tsawwaron, tsawwa'rah, Aramaic tsawwar (Da 5:7,16,29), `oreph, miphreqeth (1Sa 4:18); nostos, "back" (Baruch 2:33); occasionally the words garon (Isa 3:16; Eze 16:11), and gargeroth, plural of gargarah, literally, "throat" (Pr 1:9; 3:3,12; 6:21), are translated "neck"): The neck is compared with a tower for beauty (So 4:4; 7:4) and is decorated with necklaces and chains (Pr 1:9; 3:3,12; 6:21, Hebrew gargeroth; Eze 16:11, Hebrew garon…
Neck
Used sometimes figuratively. To “lay down the neck” (Rom. 16:4) is to hazard one’s life. Threatenings of coming judgments are represented by the prophets by their laying bands upon the people’s necks (Deut. 28:48; Isa. 10:27; Jer. 27:2). Conquerors put their feet on the necks of their enemies as a sign of their subjection (Josh. 10:24; 2 Sam. 22:41).
The phrases to "harden the neck," Pr 29:1, and to be "stiff- necked," like a headstrong brute, illustrate the willful obstinacy of sinners against the instructions and commands of God. The tyrants of ancient days sometimes put their feet on the prostrate necks of princes, in token of their subjugation, trampling them in the dust. Their mischief sometimes returned upon their own heads, Jos 10:24; Ps 18:40.
עָתָק (athaq) primarily means 'forward' or 'arrogant,' particularly in the context of speech. It is derived from a root that suggests a sense of license or impudence. The entries consistently emphasize its connotation of boldness and arrogance.
עָתָק forward, arrogant (of speech)
base
H6277 עָתָק forward, arrogant (of speech)
6277 `athaq aw-thawk'
from 6275 in the sense of license; impudent:--arrogancy,
grievous (hard) things, stiff.
see HEBREW for 06275
עָתָק (a.taq) — arrogant.
1) forward, bold, arrogant
1a) of speech
HAamsa — HAamsa