Psalms 9:3 — Word Study
WLCבְּשׁוּב־ אוֹיְבַ֥י אָח֑וֹר יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ וְ֝יֹאבְד֗וּ מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃
BSAto rejoicesâmach to rejoiceʻâlats to singzâmar nameshêm highʻelyôwn
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בְּשׁוּב־ | when turn | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| אוֹיְבַ֥י | enemies my | Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common, suffix |
| אָח֑וֹר | backwards | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ | they stumble | Verb, Niphal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| וְ֝יֹאבְד֗וּ | and they may perish | Conjunction, verb qal third person masculine plural |
| מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃ | from before you | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | When my enemies retreat, they stumble and perish before You. |
| KJV | When mine enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at thy presence. |
| ASV | When mine enemies turn back, They stumble and perish at thy presence. |
| YLT | In mine enemies turning backward, they stumble and perish from Thy face. |
| WEB | When my enemies turn back, they stumble and perish in your presence. |
| BBE | When my haters are turned back, they will be broken and overcome before you. |
The translations agree on the meaning and structure of the verse.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with two subordinate clauses, emphasizing the cause and effect of the enemies' retreat.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbזָמַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 9:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Psalm of Praise and Justicegenerated
Psalms 9:3 expresses the psalmist's confidence in God's protection and justice. The enemies, who oppose him, will be defeated when they turn back, illustrating the power of God's presence. This theme of divine intervention against adversaries is common in the psalms, as seen in Psalm 68:1-2 and Psalm 76:7.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 68:1–2 | God arises. His enemies are scattered, and those who hate Him flee His presence. |
| 2 | Psalm 76:7 | You alone are to be feared. When You are angry, who can stand before You? |
| 3 | Psalm 80:16 | Your vine has been cut down and burned; they perish at the rebuke of Your countenance. |
| 4 | Isaiah 64:3 | When You did awesome works that we did not expect, You came down, and the mountains trembled at Your presence. |
| 5 | 2 Thessalonians 1:9 | They will suffer the penalty of eternal destruction, separated from the presence of the Lord and the glory of His might, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שׁוּב, shuwbgenerated
The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to return or turn back, and it can be used in various contexts, from physical turning to spiritual repentance. The parsing as a verb in the infinitive construct indicates an action that is intended or expected.
In this verse, it highlights the moment when enemies retreat, suggesting a reversal of their advance and a return to a previous state of defeat or retreat.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the meaning of the verse.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the finite verb יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ (they stumble), which is the focal action of the verse. The structure includes a prepositional phrase indicating the condition of the action, and a noun phrase that identifies the subject.
The word order emphasizes the action of the enemies retreating and their subsequent downfall, illustrating a cause-and-effect relationship.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates the Hebrew word שׁוּב as καὶ (and), which serves as a conjunction rather than a direct translation of the action of returning. This choice indicates a focusing on the outcome of the enemies' actions rather than the action itself.
This reflects a broader interpretation of the verse, emphasizing the connection between the enemies' retreat and their downfall in God's presence.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 9:3 tells us that when the psalmist's enemies turn back, they will stumble and perish before God. This verse emphasizes God's power over adversaries, showing that they cannot stand in His presence.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Retreating indicates that the enemies are turning away from their attack, suggesting defeat and a loss of confidence before God.
The verse illustrates that God defends the psalmist, causing his enemies to stumble and perish, demonstrating His power and justice.
Stumbling signifies failure and weakness, especially in the presence of divine power, highlighting the futility of opposing God.
This verse connects with themes in other psalms where God intervenes against enemies, as seen in Psalm 68:1-2 and Psalm 76:7, reinforcing the idea of divine protection.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to trust God's protection against my enemies?
- How can I recognize when I am retreating from challenges instead of facing them with faith?
- What does it mean to me that God is present in my struggles?
- How can I encourage others who are facing opposition to rely on God's strength?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, discussing the nature of enemies and God's strength in overcoming them.
These things, he said, I will assuredly do “when my enemies are turned back.” But who is such an enemy unless it is death, the enemy of life about which it is said,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 9 →
Now, notice how he proclaims God’s strength: “They will lose heart and perish before your face.” Once more, on hearing “face,” do not form an impression of anything bodily.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 9 →
"They will be weakened, and perish from Your face" [Psalms 9:3]. Who will be weakened and perish,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 9 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 9:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWhen mine enemies are turned back,.... As the Philistines were, when Goliath their champion was dead; and as the men that came to apprehend Christ, David's antitype, went backwards and fell to the
Read John Gill on Psalms 9 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWhen mine enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at thy presence. They shall fall ... at thy presence. The mere glance of God is enough to destroy every enemy.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 9 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleWhen they are discomfited and put to flight, they shall not save themselves by flight, and reserve themselves to do further mischief, but shall stumble as it were at gall-traps by thee laid in their way, and shall be pursued, and overtaken, and cut off, upon thy appearance against them. One angry look of thine is able to confound and destroy them. Heb. from thy face, because thou didst march in the head of our armies, and against them. They could not stand before thee. So he ascribes the honour of his victories to God only, and to his presence and assistance.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 9 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 9:3 When mine enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at thy presence.Ver. 3. When mine enemies] This, Tremellius maketh to be the form of praise which the psalmist professeth that he will sing to God, and rendereth it thus, That mine enemies returning back are fallen, &c. And perish at thy presence] The victory is of God, and to him alone to be ascribed. The Romans in their triumphs presented a palm to Jupiter. The Grecians also thankfully ascribed to Jupiter their deliverance from the Persians, wrought by Themistocles, and there hence called him ελευθεριος, that is, deliverer.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 9 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) When.—Literally, in the turning of mine enemies back, which may be either when they turned, or because they turned, or possibly with both ideas combined. The older versions have when. Psalms 9:2-3 form one sentence, “I will be glad and rejoice in thee . . . when mine enemies are turned back, (when) they fall and perish at thy presence.” Fall.—Better, stumble through weakness. So the LXX., “are weak.”
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 9 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. When mine enemies are turned back] It is a sure sign of a nearly approaching complete conquest over sin, when, by resistance to its influences, it begins to lose its power. That is the time to follow on to know the Lord.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 9 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges1–4. The Psalmist’s purpose to praise Jehovah for the recent manifestation of His righteous judgement in the defeat of His enemies. Each of the four lines in Psalms 9:1-2 begins with Aleph, the first letter of the alphabet.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 9 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWhen mine enemies are turned back - Who these enemies were, the psalmist does not say.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 9 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
When my enemies retreat, they stumble and perish before You.
When my enemies turn back, they stumble and perish in your presence.
When my enemies retreat, they stumble and perish before You.
When my enemies turn back, they trip and are defeated before you.
Tyndale line
When mine enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at thy presence.
When mine enemies turn back, They stumble and perish at thy presence.
When mine enemies turn back, they stumble and perish at thy presence.
When my enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at thy presence.
For that mine enemies are turned backe: they shall fall, and perish at thy presence.
Strictly literal
When mine enemies turned back, they stumbled and perished at thy presence:
In mine enemies turning backward, they stumble and perish from Thy face.
In my enemies turning backward, || They stumble and perish from Your face.
(9:4) When my enemies are turned backward, [when] they fall and perish at thy presence.
When my enemies turn back, they stumble and perish before you.
From the Latin
I will be glad and rejoice in thee: I will sing to thy name, O thou most high.
Simplified
Those who hate me retreat; they fall back and die when you confront them.
When my haters are turned back, they will be broken and overcome before you.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents the verse as it is traditionally known, while the Septuagint matches all six words of the Hebrew text in meaning, though the order differs. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some variation, with one word partially restored and others supplied by an editor, indicating some damage or loss in those manuscripts.
בְּשׁוּב־ אוֹיְבַ֥י אָח֑וֹר יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ וְ֝יֹאבְד֗וּ מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[אשמחה] [ואעלצה] ב׳כה אזמרה [שמ׳כה] עליון
1 word on the leather — 2 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.
עליון
1 word of the verse is on this fragment. The rest of the verse is not on it.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 9:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to turn back or return, covering a wide range of contexts including physical, spiritual, and relational. It can denote returning to a previous state, repenting, or even apostatizing. The entries describe various forms and uses, including bringing back, restoring, and refreshing. Notably, it can also imply a change in course of action.
שׁוּב 1056 vb. turn back, return
Qal 683;—turn back, return:
turn back
return, come or go back
esp. return unto
of dying
of revival from death
fig. of human relations:
return to leader, king
= change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
turn, i.e. resort to
return to a physical condition
abs. = change course of action
fig., specif. of spiritual relations:
turn back from God = apostatize
of י׳, turn away
turn back to God (= seek penitently)
abs. repent
turn back from evil
of י׳
of י׳, return (to shew favour)
of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
denoting repetition, etc.
trans.
Pō‛l.
bring back
fig. restore, refresh
restore, repair
lead away (enticingly)
shew turning = apostatize
Hiph. 353 cause to return, bring back
bring back into bondage
put back
= draw back
= give back, restore
= relinguish
= give in payment, requital
bring one back (from dead)
bring back heart
= refresh
H7725 שׁוּב turn back, return .—turn back, return: . turn back
. return, come or go back
. esp. return unto
. . of dying
. of revival from death
. fig. of human relations: . return to leader, king
. = change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
. turn, i.e. resort to
. return to a physical condition
. abs. = change course of action
. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: . turn back from God = apostatize
. of י׳, turn away
. turn back to God (= seek penitently)
. abs. repent
. turn back from evil
. of י׳
. of י׳, return (to shew favour)
. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
. denoting repetition, etc.
. trans.
. . bring back
. . fig. restore, refresh
. restore, repair
. lead away (enticingly)
. shew turning = apostatize
. cause to return, bring back . . bring back into bondage
. put back
. = draw back
. = give back, restore
. = relinguish
. = give in payment, requital
7725 shuwb shoob
a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or
intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily
with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to
retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise,
dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge,
make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer
(+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring
(again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back),
cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, +
continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back,
fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give
(again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see)
more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put
(again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh,
relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve,
שׁוּב (shuv) — to return: return.
: return
1) to return, turn back
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn back, return
1a1a) to turn back
1a1b) to return, come or go back
1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back
1a1d) of dying
1a1e) of human relations (fig)
1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig)
1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise
1a1f2) to turn away (of God)
1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent
1a1f4) turn back (from evil)
1a1g) of inanimate things
1a1h) in repetition
1b) (Polel)
1b1) to bring back
1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig)
1b3) to lead away (enticingly)
1b4) to show turning, apostatise
1c) (Pual) restored (participle)
1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back
1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment
1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore
1d3) to bring back, report to, answer
1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)
HR/Vqcc — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
אֹיֵב (oyeb) means 'enemy' or 'foe,' indicating hostility. It can refer to personal or national adversaries. The word is derived from the active participle of another root, אָיַב (ayab), which also conveys the sense of being hostile.
[אָיַב] 283 vb. be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)
base
H341 אָיַב be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)
341 'oyeb o-yabe'
or (fully) owyeb {o-yabe'}; active participle of 340;
hating; an adversary:--enemy, foe.
see HEBREW for 0340
אֹיֵב (o.yev) — enemy.
1) (Qal) enemy
1a) personal
1b) national
HVqrmpc/Sp1bs — Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common · suffixHVqrmpc/Sp1bs
אָחוֹר (achowr) refers to the hinder side or back part of something. It can also imply a direction, meaning backward or behind, and has temporal uses, indicating a time to come or hereafter. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to be behind' and encompasses various contexts, including physical and temporal references.
אָחוֹר 41 subst. the hinder side, back part
base
H268 אָחוֹר the hinder side, back part
268 'achowr aw-khore'
or (shortened) achor {aw-khore'}; from 299; the hinder part;
hence (adverb) behind, backward; also (as facing north) the
West:--after(-ward), back (part, -side, -ward), hereafter,
(be-)hind(-er part), time to come, without.
see HEBREW for 0299
אָחוֹר (a.chor) — back.
1) the back side, the rear
1a) backwards
1b) hereafter (of time)
1c) behind
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
כָּשַׁל (kashal) means to stumble or totter, often due to weakness. It can refer to physical stumbling, as well as metaphorical weakness or failure. The verb has various forms, including causing others to stumble or making them weak. The entries suggest a range of meanings from literal stumbling to broader implications of ruin and weakness.
כָּשַׁל vb. stumble, stagger, totter
Qal
stumble at, over, something (lit. by means of)
totter
Niph.
stumble
be tottering, feeble
Pi. only apparent
Hiph.
cause to stumble
make feeble, weak
Hoph. either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such, or and let them be ones overthrown before thee
base
H3782 כָּשַׁל stumble, stagger, totter .. stumble at, over, something (lit. by means of)
. totter
. . stumble
. be tottering, feeble
. only apparent
. . cause to stumble
. make feeble, weak
. either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such, or and let them be ones overthrown before thee
3782 kashal kaw-shal'
a primitive root; to totter or waver (through weakness of the
legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter,
stumble, faint or fall:--bereave (from the margin), cast down,
be decayed, (cause to) fail, (cause, make to) fall
(down, -ing), feeble, be (the) ruin(-ed, of), (be) overthrown,
(cause to) stumble, X utterly, be weak.
כָּשַׁל (ka.shal) — to stumble.
1) to stumble, stagger, totter
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to stumble
1a2) to totter
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to stumble
1b2) to be tottering, be feeble
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to stumble, bring injury or ruin to, overthrow
1c2) to make feeble, make weak
1d) (Hophal) to be made to stumble
1e) (Piel) bereave
HVNi3mp — Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVNi3mp
אָבַד (abad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to perish or be lost. It encompasses a range of meanings, including dying, vanishing, and destruction, often in a moral or judgment context. The word appears in various forms in the Old Testament, with uses related to individuals, nations, and inanimate objects. The lexicons indicate that it can also imply causing something to perish or stray.
אָבַד vb. perish (M I אבד, As. abâtu Dl W 184 Aram אֲבַד, Syriac).—
Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָבְדוּ ψ 10:16 + (+ Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co) etc.; Impf. יֹאבַד Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; יֹאבֵ֑ד Jb 20:7 + 2t.; 3fs. תֹּאבַד Dt 22:3 + 4t.; תֹּאבֵ֑ד Jb 8:13 + 3t.; יֹאבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3t.; יֹאבֵ֑דוּ Jb 4:9 +; 3fpl. וַתֹּאבַדְנָה֙ I S 9:3; תֹּאבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נֹאבֵ֑ד Jon 1:6…
Read the full entry →H6 אָבַד perish .. perish, die, of individuals
. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory
. be lost, strayed
. . cause to perish, destroy, kill
. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with
. cause to stray, lose
. . destroy, put to death, in judgment
. fig. obj. name of kings; hope; voice of mirth etc.
6 'abad aw-bad'
a primitive root; properly, to wander away, i.e. lose
oneself; by implication to perish (causative,
destroy):--break, destroy(- uction), + not escape, fail,
lose, (cause to, make) perish, spend, X and surely, take, be
undone, X utterly, be void of, have no way to flee.
אָבַד (a.vad) — to perish.
1) perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) perish, die, be exterminated
1a2) perish, vanish (fig.)
1a3) be lost, strayed
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate
1b2) to blot out, do away with, cause to vanish, (fig.)
1b3) cause to stray, lose
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to destroy, put to death
1c1a) of divine judgment
1c2) object name of kings (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (אֲבַד "to destroy" H0007)
HC/Vqu3mp — Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine pluralHC/Vqu3mp
The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.
[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces
face, faces
presence, person
technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
face of seraphim
face of animals
face (= surface) of ground
as adv.loc. before
for other phrases
with prepositions
base
H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces
. . presence, person
. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
. face of seraphim
. face of animals
. face (= surface) of ground
. as adv. loc. before
. for other phrases
. with prepositions
6440 paniym paw-neem'
plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh
{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);
used in a great variety of applications (literally and
figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a
preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),
against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),
+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,
face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er
time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +
honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +
meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,
open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,
presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right
forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,
X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.
: before/to/front
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.
: face
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…
HR/Ncmpc/Sp2ms — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncmpc/Sp2ms