Ruth 2:1 — Word Study
WLCוּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י מוֹדַ֣ע לְאִישָׁ֗הּ אִ֚ישׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת אֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ וּשְׁמ֖וֹ בֹּֽעַז׃
BSANow NaomiNoʻŏmîy [a woman of faith] had a relativeyâdaʻ [kinsman, family member] on her husband’s sideʼîysh a prominentgibbôwr [mighty, influential] manʼîysh of noble characterchayil [strong, virtuous] from the clanmishpâchâh [family, tribe] of ElimelechʼĔlîymelek [my God is king] whose nameshêm [identity, reputation] [was] BoazBôʻaz [strength, support]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י | and [belonged] to Naomi | Conjunction, preposition, noun proper feminine |
| מוֹדַ֣ע | a relative | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לְאִישָׁ֗הּ | of husband her | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| אִ֚ישׁ | a man | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| גִּבּ֣וֹר | mighty of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| חַ֔יִל | wealth | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת | from [the] clan of | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| אֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ | Elimelech | Noun proper masculine |
| וּשְׁמ֖וֹ | and name his | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| בֹּֽעַז׃ | [was] Boaz | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Now Naomi had a relative on her husband’s side, a prominent man of noble character from the clan of Elimelech, whose name was Boaz. |
| KJV | And Naomi had a kinsman of her husband’s, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech; and his name was Boaz. |
| ASV | And Naomi had a kinsman of her husband’s, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech, and his name was Boaz. |
| YLT | And Naomi hath an acquaintance of her husband's, a man mighty in wealth, of the family of Elimelech, and his name [is] Boaz. |
| WEB | Naomi had a relative of her husband’s, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech, and his name was Boaz. |
| BBE | And Naomi had a relation of her husband, a man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech; and his name was Boaz. |
Where they part company is גִּבּוֹר — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause with several descriptive phrases that provide additional information about Boaz.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ruth 2:1
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Naomi's Relative Boazgenerated
Ruth 2:1 introduces Boaz, a kinsman of Naomi, emphasizing the importance of family ties in the narrative. This verse sets the stage for the unfolding relationship between Ruth and Boaz, which is central to the story of redemption in the Book of Ruth. The context highlights the social and familial structures of ancient Israel, where kinship played a crucial role in community life.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ruth 3:2–12 | Now is not Boaz, with whose servant girls you have been working, a relative of ours? In fact, tonight he is winnowing barley on the threshing floor. |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 8:17–18 | You might say in your heart, “The power and strength of my hands have made this wealth for me.” |
| 3 | Job 1:3 | and he owned 7,000 sheep, 3,000 camels, 500 yoke of oxen, 500 female donkeys, and a very large number of servants. Job was the greatest man of all the people of the East. |
| 4 | Job 31:25 | if I have rejoiced in my great wealth because my hand had gained so much, |
| 5 | Ruth 4:21 | Salmon was the father of Boaz, Boaz was the father of Obed, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — גִּבּוֹר, gi.Borgenerated
The word גִּבּוֹר (gi.Bor) means 'mighty' and often refers to a strong or valiant man, such as a warrior. It is derived from a root that implies strength and valor, covering meanings related to physical prowess and moral integrity.
In this verse, Boaz is described as a 'mighty man of noble character,' indicating not only his physical strength but also his moral standing in the community. This duality of strength and virtue is significant in the narrative, as it sets the tone for Boaz's role as a protector and redeemer.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has prominent and noble, which align with the descriptions of Boaz's character.
Where translations differ is in the rendering of גִּבּוֹר. The KJV, ASV, and others use mighty, while the FBV opts for influential. This reflects a slight variation in emphasis on Boaz's character and status within the community.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the verb הָיָה, had, with several phrases providing details about Naomi's relative. The structure emphasizes Boaz's notable attributes through a series of descriptive phrases.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on Boaz as the subject of the description, highlighting his significance as a prominent figure in Naomi's life and the unfolding story.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates גִּבּוֹר as δυνατὸς (dunatos), which means 'powerful' or 'mighty.' This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning but may suggest a broader interpretation of Boaz's capabilities and influence.
The LXX captures the essence of Boaz's character as a strong figure, reinforcing the importance of his role within the narrative.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ruth 2:1 tells us that Naomi had a relative named Boaz, who was a prominent and noble man from the clan of Elimelech. This introduction is important as it sets the stage for Boaz's role in the story, highlighting his strength and character.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Boaz was a relative of Naomi and a prominent man from the clan of Elimelech, known for his noble character.
The name Boaz means 'strength' or 'support' and symbolizes his role as a protector in the story.
Kinship is crucial in the Book of Ruth as it emphasizes family ties and the responsibilities of relatives, particularly in the context of redemption.
Boaz embodies qualities of strength, nobility, and virtue, making him a significant figure in the narrative.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do family ties influence the decisions we make in our lives?
- What qualities do I admire in strong leaders or role models?
- In what ways can I support and protect those in my community, like Boaz did for Ruth?
- How can I embody the virtues of strength and nobility in my daily life?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ruth 2:1 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Naomi had a kinsman of her husband's,.... That was her kinsman by her husband's side, who now lived at Bethlehem; and yet it does not appear that Naomi made any application to him for assistance
Read John Gill on Ruth 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Naomi had a kinsman of her husband's, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech; and his name was Boaz. No JFB commentary on this verse.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ruth 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsRth 2:1 And Naomi had a kinsman of her husband’ s, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech; and his name [was] Boaz. Ver. 1. And Naomi had a kinsman of her husband’ s.] Lyra saith Elimelech and Salmon - other Hebrews say Elimelech and Naasson - were brethren. Some, more probably, hold that Elimelech was the son of Salmon’ s brother, and so his son the kinsman of Boaz once removed; for there was one nearer. A mighty man of wealth.] Rich, and yet religious - a rare bird. And his name was Boaz,] i.e., Strength, or fortitude. He was strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might. The rich man’ s wealth is his strong city. But good Boaz had learned better than to trust in uncertain…
Read John Trapp on Ruth 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(1) Boaz.—It has been already said that if there are any gaps in the genealogy, these are most probably to be referred to its earlier portion. According to the line, however, given in Rth 4:18 seq., Boaz is grandson of the Nahshon who was prince of the tribe of Judah during the wanderings in the desert and son of Salmon and Rahab of Jericho. It may be noted that the difficulty of date may be lessened by supposing that in the last two generations we have children of their fathers’ old age.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ruth 2 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleCHAPTER II Ruth goes to glean in the field of Boaz, 1-3. Boaz finds her, and inquires who she is, 4-7. He speaks kindly to her, gives her permission to follow his reapers, and orders them to use her well, 8-16. She returns in the evening to Naomi, and tells her of her fare; from whom she receives encouragement and advice, 17-23. NOTES ON CHAP. II Verse 1. A mighty man of wealth] We have already seen that some suppose Boaz to have been one of the judges of Israel; he was no doubt a man of considerable property.
Read AdamClarke on Ruth 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and CollegesCh. 2. The generosity of Boaz: his first meeting with Ruth 1. a kinsman] Strictly the word does not mean more than familiar friend 2 Kings 10:11, Proverbs 7:4. a mighty man of wealth] a wealthy man, 1 Samuel 9:1, 2 Kings 15:20; sometimes the phrase means a valiant man (marg.) Judges 6:12; Judges 11:1; in Rth 3:11 the word for wealth has a moral sense. Boaz] Cf. 1 Kings 7:21. The derivation of the name is uncertain: possibly, ‘in him is strength’ (for Ruth). More probably the name is traditional, and a contraction of Ba‘al-‘az i.e. ‘B. is strong’; cf. in Phoenician Bomilcar for Ba‘al-melḳ ?arth, Salambo for Ṣ ?alm-ba‘al etc.
Read Cambridge on Ruth 2 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleA kinsman - More literally “an acquaintance”; here (and in the feminine, Rth 3:2) denoting the person with whom one is intimately acquainted, one’s near relation. The next kinsman of Rth 2:20, etc.
Read Albert Barnes on Ruth 2 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible1. A kinsman of her husband’s — An acquaintance and friend, and also a relative. But the Hebrew word is not the same as that rendered kinsman in Rth 2:20 and Rth 3:9; Rth 3:12-13.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ruth 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Now Naomi had a relative on her husband’s side, a prominent man of noble character from the clan of Elimelech, whose name was Boaz.
Naomi had a relative of her husband’s, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech, and his name was Boaz.
Now Naomi had a relative on her husband’s side, a prominent man of noble character from the clan of Elimelech, whose name was Boaz.
Now Naomi had a relative on her husband’s side of the family named Boaz. He was a wealthy, prominent man from the clan of Elimelech.
Tyndale line
And Naomi had a kinsman of her husband’s, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech; and his name was Boaz.
And Naomi had a kinsman of her husband’s, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech, and his name was Boaz.
And Naomi had a kinsman of her husband’s, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech; and his name was Boaz.
And Naomi had a kinsman of her husband's, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech; and his name was Boaz.
Then Naomis husband had a kinsman, one of great power of the familie of Elimelech, and his name was Boaz.
Strictly literal
And Naomi had a relation of her husband's, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech, and his name was Boaz.
And Naomi hath an acquaintance of her husband's, a man mighty in wealth, of the family of Elimelech, and his name [is] Boaz.
And Naomi has an acquaintance of her husband’s, a man mighty in wealth, of the family of Elimelech, and his name [is] Boaz.
And Na'omi had a kinsman of her husband's, a mighty, valiant man, of the family of Elimelech, whose name was Bo'az.
Now Naomi had a relative of her husband, a worthy man of the clan of Elimelech, whose name was Boaz.
From the Latin
Now her husband Elimelech had a kinsman, a powerful man, and very rich, whose name was Booz.
Simplified
Now Naomi had a relative on her husband's side whose name was Boaz. He was a rich and influential man from the family of Elimelech.
And Naomi had a relation of her husband, a man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech; and his name was Boaz.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in this verse, with 9 of the 10 words matched. The differences in word order and articles reflect the distinct syntactical choices of the Greek translators, but the core content remains consistent.
וּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י מוֹדַ֣ע לְאִישָׁ֗הּ אִ֚ישׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת אֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ וּשְׁמ֖וֹ בֹּֽעַז׃
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ruth 2:1
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
נָעֳמִי (No`omiy) refers to Naomi, the mother-in-law of Ruth. The name is derived from a root meaning 'pleasant.' Naomi is a significant figure in the Book of Ruth, where she is described as the wife of Elimelech and mother of Mahlon and Chilion. She is also known as Mara, meaning 'bitter,' in Ruth 1:20.
נָעֳמִי n.pr.f. mother-in-law of Ruth
base
H5281 נָעֳמִי mother-in-law of Ruth
5281 No`omiy no-om-ee'
from 5278; pleasant; Noomi, an Israelitess:--Naomi.
see HEBREW for 05278
נׇעֳמִי (no.o.mi) — Naomi.
A woman living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.1.2; married to Elimelech (H0458);
mother of: Mahlon (H4248) and Chilion (H3630); also called Mara at Rut.1.20;
Also named: ma.ra (מָרָא "Mara" H4755)
§ Naomi = "my delight"
wife of Elimelech, mother of Mahlon and Chilion, and mother-in-law of Ruth and Orpah
Conj | Prep | N-proper — Conjunction · preposition · noun proper feminineHC/R/Npf
na'-o-mi, na-o'-mi, na-o'-mi (no`omi, probably equals "pleasantness"; Septuagint. Codex Vaticanus Noemein; Codex Alexandrinus Noemmei(n)): Wife of Elimelech and mother-in-law of Ru (Ru 1:2-4:17). She went with her husband to the land of Moab, and after his death returned to Bethlehem. When greeted on her return, she told the women of the town to call her, not no`omi ("pleasantness"), but marah ("bitterness"), "for," she said, "the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me." She advised Ru in her dealings with Boaz, and afterward nursed their child.ith Anaitis (equalsAnahita), the Asian Artemis. She was the Venus, but sometimes the Diana, of the Romans. There are many variants of the name: Anaea (Strabo xvi.738), Aneitis (Plut. Artax. xxvii), Tanais (Clement of Alexandria, loc. cit.), also Tanath, sometimes in Phoenician inscriptions…
Naomi
The lovable; my delight, the wife of Elimelech, and mother of Mahlon and Chilion, and mother-in-law of Ruth (1:2, 20, 21; 2:1). Elimelech and his wife left the district of Bethlehem-Judah, and found a new home in the uplands of Moab. In course of time he died, as also his two sons Mahlon and Chilion, who had married women of Moab, and three widows were left mourning the loss of their husbands. Naomi longs to return now to her own land, to Bethlehem. One of her widowed daughters-in-law, Ruth, accompanies her, and is at length married to Boaz (q.v.).
or Nao’mi (my delight), the wife of Elimelech and mother-in-law of Ruth. (Ruth 1:2) etc.; Ruth 2:1 etc.; Ruth 3:1; 4:3 etc. (B.C. 1363.) The name is derived from a root signifying sweetness or pleasantness. Naomi left Judea with her husband and two sons, in a time of famine and went to the land of Moab. Here her husband and sons died; and on her return to Bethlehem she wished to be known as Mara, bitterness , instead of Naomi, sweetness.
Wife of Elimelech, and mother-in-law of Ruth. See RUTH.
מוֹדַע (mowda) refers to a kinsman or relative. It is derived from the root meaning 'to know' and emphasizes a familial connection. The entries consistently define it in relation to kinship, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
מוֹדַע, מֹדָע n.m. kinsman
base
H4129 מוֹדַע, מֹדָע kinsman
4129 mowda` mo-dah'
or rather modao {mo-daw'}; from 3045; an
acquaintance:--kinswoman.
see HEBREW for 03045
מוֹדַע (mo.da) — kinsman.
kinsman, relative
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
The Hebrew word אִישׁ (iysh) means 'man' and can refer to an individual male, a husband, or a human being in general. It encompasses various meanings, including champion and great man, and can also imply 'whosoever' or 'each.' The word is built from a root suggesting existence and is used throughout the Old Testament.
אִישׁ 2166 n.m. man (= vir)
base
H376 אִישׁ man (= vir)
376 'iysh eesh
contracted for 582 (or perhaps rather from an unused root
meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male
person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and
in such cases frequently not expressed in
translation):--also, another, any (man), a certain, +
champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-,
husband-)man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree),
him (that is), husband, man(-kind), + none, one, people,
person, + steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy.
Compare 802.
see HEBREW for 0582
see HEBREW for 0802
אִישׁ (ish) — man.
: man
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
אִישׁ (ish) — man: husband.
: husband
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
אִישׁ (ish) — man: anyone.
: anyone/someone
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp3fs
The Hebrew word אִישׁ (iysh) means 'man' and can refer to an individual male, a husband, or a human being in general. It encompasses various meanings, including champion and great man, and can also imply 'whosoever' or 'each.' The word is built from a root suggesting existence and is used throughout the Old Testament.
אִישׁ 2166 n.m. man (= vir)
base
H376 אִישׁ man (= vir)
376 'iysh eesh
contracted for 582 (or perhaps rather from an unused root
meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male
person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and
in such cases frequently not expressed in
translation):--also, another, any (man), a certain, +
champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-,
husband-)man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree),
him (that is), husband, man(-kind), + none, one, people,
person, + steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy.
Compare 802.
see HEBREW for 0582
see HEBREW for 0802
אִישׁ (ish) — man.
: man
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
אִישׁ (ish) — man: husband.
: husband
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
אִישׁ (ish) — man: anyone.
: anyone/someone
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
See ANTHROPOLOGY.
Man
(1.) Heb. ‘Adam, used as the proper name of the first man. The name is derived from a word meaning “to be red,” and thus the first man was called Adam because he was formed from the red earth. It is also the generic name of the human race (Gen. 1:26, 27; 5:2; 8:21; Deut. 8:3). Its equivalents are the Latin homo and the Greek anthropos (Matt. 5:13, 16). It denotes also man in opposition to woman (Gen. 3:12; Matt. 19:10).
(2.) Heb. ‘ish, like the Latin vir and Greek aner, denotes properly a man in opposition to a woman (1 Sam. 17:33;
Four Hebrew terms are rendered "man" in the Authorized Version: Adam, the name of the man created in the image of God. It appears to be derived from adam , "he or it was red or ruddy," like Edom. This was the generic term for the human race. Ish , "man," as distinguished from woman, husband. Geber , "a man," from gabar , "to be strong," generally with reference to his strength. Methim , "men," always masculine. Perhaps it may be derived from the root muth , "he died."
גִּבּוֹר (gibbor) means strong or mighty, and can refer to a powerful person, such as a warrior or chief. It is built from a root that implies strength and valor, covering meanings related to strength and bravery. The entries consistently emphasize its use to describe a strong man or mighty figure.
גִּבּוֹר 159 adj. strong, mighty
base
H1368 גִּבּוֹר strong, mighty
1368 gibbowr ghib-bore'
or (shortened) gibbor {ghib-bore'}; intensive from the same
as 1397; powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant:--
champion, chief, X excel, giant, man, mighty (man, one),
strong (man), valiant man.
see HEBREW for 01397
גִּבּוֹר (gib.bor) — mighty man.
adj
1) strong, mighty
n m
2) strong man, brave man, mighty man
Adj — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word חַ֫יִל (*chayil*) encompasses meanings related to strength, efficiency, wealth, and army. It is derived from a root meaning force and can refer to physical might, moral virtue, or resources. The entries consistently highlight its application to soldiers and military forces, with no significant disagreement noted among the lexicons.
חַ֫יִל 244 n.m. strength, efficiency, wealth, army
strength, usu. physical
ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth
wealth
force, army
base
H2428 חַ֫יִל strength, efficiency, wealth, army
2428 chayil khah'-yil
from 2342; probably a force, whether of men, means or other
resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength:--able,
activity, (+) army, band of men (soldiers), company, (great)
forces, goods, host, might, power, riches, strength, strong,
substance, train, (+)valiant(-ly), valour, virtuous(-ly), war,
worthy(-ily).
see HEBREW for 02342
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
חֵילֵךְ (che.lek) — Helech.
§ Helech = "your army"
a place near Arvad and Gammad
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength.
: strong
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army, soldiers/army
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: rich.
: rich/wealth
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: worthy.
: worthy
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
→ See RICHES
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mishpachah) refers to a clan or family, encompassing a circle of relatives and extending to tribes or peoples. It can also denote a class of persons, species of animals, or kinds of things. The entries highlight its various uses, including guilds and aristocrats, but do not present any significant disagreement.
מִשְׁפָּחָה 303 n.f. clan
clan
= guild
= species, kind
pl. = aristocrats
base
H4940 מִשְׁפָּחָה clan . clan
. = guild
. = species, kind
. pl. = aristocrats
4940 mishpachah mish-paw-khaw'
from 8192 (compare 8198); a family, i.e. circle of relatives;
figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or
sort (of things); by extens. a tribe or people:--family,
kind(-red).
see HEBREW for 08192
see HEBREW for 08198
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mish.pa.chah) — family.
1) clan, family
1a) clan
1a1) family
1a2) tribe
1a3) people, nation
1b) guild
1c) species, kind
1d) aristocrats
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular constructHR/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֱלִימֶ֫לֶךְ (Eliymelek) means "God is king" and refers to a man mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically as Naomi's husband. The name is derived from the Hebrew words for God and king. He is noted in the Book of Ruth, where he is the father of Mahlon and Chilion.
אֱלִימֶ֫לֶךְ n.pr.m. (God is king) husband of Naomi
base
H458 אֱלִימֶ֫לֶךְ (God is king) husband of Naomi
458 'Eliymelek el-ee-meh'-lek
from 410 and 4428; God of (the) king; Elimelek, an
Israelite:--Elimelech.
see HEBREW for 0410
see HEBREW for 04428
אֱלִימֶ֫לֶךְ (e.li.me.lekh) — Elimelech.
A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.1.2; married to Naomi (H5281);
father of: Mahlon (H4248), Chilion (H3630)
§ Elimelech = "my God is king"
Naomi's husband
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
e-lim'-e-lek ('elimelekh, "my God is king"; Abeimelech, Alimelek):
Elimelech was a member of the tribe of Judah, a native of Bethlehem Judah, a man of wealth and probably head of a family or clan (Ru 1:2,3; 2:1,3). He lived during the period of the Judges, had a hereditary possession near Bethlehem, and is chiefly known as the husband of Naomi, the mother-in-law of Ru and ancestress of David the king. Because of a severe famine in Judea, he emigrated to the land of Moab with his wife and his sons, Mahlon and Chilion. Not long afterward he died, and his two sons married Moabite women, Ru and Orpah. Ten years in all were spent in Moab, when the two sons died, and the three widows were left. Soon afterward Naomi decided to return to Judah, and the sequel is told in the Book of Ruth.
See RUTH; NAOMI.
J. J. Reeve
Elimelech
God his king, a man of the tribe of Judah, of the family of the Hezronites, and kinsman of Boaz, who dwelt in Bethlehem in the days of the judges. In consequence of a great dearth he, with his wife Naomi and his two sons, went to dwell in the land of Moab. There he and his sons died (Ruth 1:2,3; 2:1,3; 4:3,9). Naomi afterwards returned to Palestine with her daughter Ruth.
(my God is king), a man of the tribe of Judah and of the family of the Hezronites, who dwelt in Bethlehem-Ephratah in the days of the Judges. (B.C. 1312.) In consequence of a great death in the land he went with his wife, Naomi, and his two sons, Mahlon and Chilion, to dwell in Moab, where he and his sons died without posterity. (Ruth 1:2,3) etc.
A Bethlehemite, husband of Naomi, Ru 1:2.
שֵׁם (shem) means 'name' and encompasses various meanings such as reputation, fame, and glory. It can refer to the designation of God and is often associated with memorials or monuments. The word is built from a primitive root and highlights individuality and honor. There is a mention of its use in relation to false gods, which is forbidden.
שֵׁם 864 n.m. name (√ unknown)
of river, beasts, city, i.e. exact designation of it
usu. of pers.
= reputation
esp. as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, esp. in his sons
name, as designation of God
of false gods, use forbidden
= memorial, monument
base
H8034 שֵׁם name (√ unknown)
8034 shem shame
a primitive word (perhaps rather from 7760 through the idea
of definite and conspicuous position; compare 8064); an
appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by
implication honor, authority, character:--+ base,
(in-)fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report.
see HEBREW for 07760
see HEBREW for 08064
שֵׁם (shem) — name.
1) name
1a) name
1b) reputation, fame, glory
1c) the Name (as designation of God)
1d) memorial, monument
Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)
Conj | N-ms | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncmsc/Sp3ms
בֹּ֫עַז (Boaz) refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, known as the kinsman-redeemer of Ruth, and is also the name of a pillar in Solomon's temple. The word may imply 'quickness,' though its exact meaning is uncertain. Boaz is first mentioned in the Book of Ruth and is noted as an ancestor of David.
בֹּ֫עַז n.pr.m. (quickness?)—kinsman of Naomi, who married Ruth
name of the left hand of two pillars set up before temple
base
H1162 בֹּ֫עַז (quickness?) . kinsman of Naomi, who married Ruth
. name of the left hand of two pillars set up before temple
1162 Bo`az bo'-az
from an unused root of uncertain meaning; Boaz, the ancestor
of David; also the name of a pillar in front of the
temple:--Boaz.
בֹּ֫עַז (bo.az) — Boaz.
A man of the tribe of Judah living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.2.1;
son of: Salmon (H8007) and Rahab (H7343); married to Ruth (H7327);
father of: Obed (H5744)
Also named: Booz (Βοόζ "Boaz" G1003)
§ Boaz = "fleetness"
1) ancestor of David, kinsman-redeemer to Ruth, daughter-in-law of Naomi
2) name of the left of two brazen pillars, 18 cubits high, erected in the porch of Solomon's temple
בֹּ֫עַז (bo.az) — Boaz.
§ Boaz = "fleetness"
name of the left of two brazen pillars, 18 cubits high, erected in the porch of Solomon's temple
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
bo'-az (bo`az; Booz; "quickness" (?) Ru 2-4; 1Ch 2:11,12; Mt 1:5; Lu 3:32):
(1) A resident of Bethlehem and kinsman of Elimelech, Naomi's husband. In Ru 2:1 he is described as a gibbor chayil, a phrase which can mean either "a mighty man of valor" or else "a man of position and wealth." The latter is probably the sense in which the phrase is applied to Boaz (compare 1Sa 9:1). He had fields outside the town, and to them Ru went to glean. Boaz noticed her and extended special kindness and protection to her, bidding her remain with his female workers, and charging the men not to illtreat her, and also giving her of the reapers'…
Boaz
Alacrity. (1.) The husband of Ruth, a wealthy Bethlehemite. By the “levirate law” the duty devolved on him of marrying Ruth the Moabitess (Ruth 4:1-13). He was a kinsman of Mahlon, her first husband.
(2.) The name given (for what reason is unknown) to one of the two (the other was called Jachin) brazen pillars which Solomon erected in the court of the temple (1 Kings 7:21; 2 Chr. 3:17). These pillars were broken up and carried to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar.
(fleetness). A wealthy Bethlehemite kinsman to Elimelech the husband of Naomi. He married Ruth, and redeemed the estates of her deceased husband Mahlon. (Ruth 4:1) Boaz is mentioned in the genealogy of Christ, (Matthew 1:5) (B.C. 1250, but there is great difficulty in assigning his date.) The name of one of Solomon’s brazen pillars erected in the temple porch. [JACHIN] It stood on the left, and was eighteen cubits high. (1 Kings 7:15; 21; 2 Chronicles 3:15; Jeremiah 52:21)
Ru 2:1, a wealthy Bethlehemite, a descendant of Judah, through whom is traced the regular succession of Jewish kings, Mt 1:5. His conduct in the case of Ruth proves him to have been a man of fine spirit and of strict integrity. He admitted the claim which Ruth had upon him as a near kinsman: under the obligations of the Levitical law, he married the poor gleaner, and thus became one of the ancestors of David, and also of David’s Son and Lord. He was the father of Obed, Obed was the father of Jesse, and Jesse of David. The whole narrative is a beautiful picture of the simplicity of the age, when artificial courtesies had not usurped the place of natural and sincere expressions of love.