διὰ παντός [so L WH Tr (exc. Mk. ν. 5; Lk. xxiv. 53)], or written together διαπαντός [so GT (exe. in Mt.) ; ef. W. 46 (45); Lipsius, Gram. Unters. p. 125], continually, always: Mt. xviii. 10; Mk. ν. 5; Lk. xxiv. 53; Acts ii. 25 (fr. Ps. xv. (xvi.) 8); x. 2; xxiv. 16; Ro. xi. 10 (fr. Ps. Ixviii. (Lxix.) 24); 2 Th. iii. 16; Heb. ix. 6; xiii. 15, (often in Grk. writ.). b. of the time within which a thing is done: διὰ τῆς νυκτός (1, Τ Tr WH διὰ νυκτός), by night, Acts ν. 19; xvi. 9; xvii. 10; xxiii. 31, (Palaeph. 1,10); δύ ἡμερῶν τεσσαράκοντα, repeatedly within the space of forty days, Acts i. 3;— (denying this use of the prep., C. F. A. Fritzsche in Fritzschiorum Opusce. p. 164 sq. would refer these instances to the use noted under a. [see Win., Ellic., Mey. u. s.]). 2. of time elapsed, and which has, so to say, been passed through: Gal. ii. 1 [ef. W. 380 (356)]; δὲ ἡμερῶν, (some) days having intervened, after (some) days, Mk. ii. 1; δὲ ἐτῶν πλειόνων, Acts xxiv. 17; exx. fr. Grk. auth. in Fritzsche on Mk. p. 50; [W. 380 (356); L. and S.s.v. A. IL. 2; Soph. Lex. s. v. 2; Field, Otium Norv. iii. p. 14]. III. of the Means or Instrument by which anything is effected; because what is done by means of a person or thing seems to pass as it were through the same [cf. W. 378 (354) ]. 1. of one who is the author of the action as well as its instrument, or of the efficient cause: δὲ αὐτοῦ (i. 6. τοῦ θεοῦ) τὰ πάντα Se. ἐστίν or ἐγένετο, Ro. xi. 36; also δύ οὗ, Heb. ii. 10; δι᾿ οὗ ἐκλήθητε, 1 Co.i. 9; add [Gal. iv. 7 1, T Tr WH, see below]; Heb. vii. 21 (ἡ ἰατρικὴ πᾶσα διὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τούτου, i. 6. Aeseulapius, κυβερνᾶται, Plat. symp. p. 186 6. : cf. Fritzsche on Rom. vol. i. p. 15, [and for exx. Soph. Lex. 5. ν. 17); of him to whom that is due which any one has or has done; hence i. q. by the fault of any one: δ οὗ τὸ σκάνδαλον ἔρχεται, Mt. xviii. 7; δι᾽ ἑνὸς avOp. ἡ ἁμαρτία... εἰσῆλθε, Ro. v. 13, cf. 16-19; ἠσθένει διὰ τῆς σαρκός, Ro. viii. 3; by the merit, aid, favor of any one: ἐν ζωῇ βασιλεύσουσι διά ete. Ro. v.17, cf. 18 sq.; 1 Co. xv. 21; διὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. and the like: Ro. ν. 1 sq. 11; Acts x. 43; Gal. iv. 7 [Ree., but see above]; δοξάζειν τ. θεὸν διὰ ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ. 1 Pet. iv. 11, and εὐχαριστεῖν τῷ θεῷ διὰ “Ino. Xp. Ro. i. 8; vii. 25 (where L T Tr WH txt. χάρις τῷ θεῷ); Col. iii. 17, — because the possibility both of glorifying God and of giving thanks to him is due to the kindness of Christ; καυχᾶσθαι ἐν τῷ θεῷ διὰ Ino. Xp. Ro. v.11; ἀναπαύεσθαι διά τινος, Philem. 7; οἱ πεπιστευκότες διὰ τῆς χάριτος. Acts XVili. 27; πολλῆς εἰρήνης τυγχάνοντες διὰ cov. . . διὰ τῆς σῆς προνοίας, Acts xxiv. 3 (8): ὑπερνικᾶν διὰ τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς, Ro. viii. 37; περισσεύειν διά τινος. by the increase which comes from one, Phil. i. 26; 2 Co. i. 5; ix. 12; διὰ τῆς ὑμῶν δεήσεως. Phil. i.19; add, Philem. 22; Ro. i. 12; 2Co.i.4; Gal. iv. 23; 1 Pet.i.5. 2. of the instrument used to accomplish a thing, or of the instrumental cause in the stricter sense: —with gen. of pers. by the service, the intervention of, any one; with gen. of thing, by means of, with the help of, any thing; a. in passages where a subject expressly mentioned is said to do or to have done a thing by some person or by some thing: Mk. xvi. 20 (τοῦ κυρίου τὸν λόγον βεβαιοῦντος διὰ | τ. σημείων) ; Lk.i. 70; Acts i. 16; ii. 22 (τέρασι x. σημείots, ois ἐποίησε δι᾿ αὐτοῦ ὁ θεός); Vili. 20; x. 36; xv. 23 (γράψαντες διὰ χειρὸς αὐτῶν) ; Xx. 28; xxi. 19; xxviii. 25; Ro. ii. 16; iii. 31; vii. 13; [viii. 11 Rec.bez εἰς L ed. min. TWH txt.]; xv. 18; xvi. 18; 1 Co. i. 21 [cf. W. 381 (357)]; ii. 10; iv. 15; νἱ. 14; xiv.9,19[RG]; xv. 57; 2Co.i.4; iv. 14 RG; v.18, 20; ix. 13 [ef. W. 381 (357)]; χ. 9; xii. 17; Eph.i.5; ii. 16; Col. i. 20, 22; ii. 8; 1Th.iv.14; 2Th.ii.14; Tit. iii.5; Heb.i.2,3[R Gi ears veg) νῶι 9 5 26's) xt; 19.15.91: Rev. i. 1; γῆ ἐξ ὕδατος (material cause) x. δι᾿ ὕδατος συνεστῶσα τῷ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγῳ, 2 Pet. iii. 5 [W. 419 (390) cf. 217 (204)]. b. in passages in which the author or principal cause is not mentioned, but is easily understood from the nature of the case, or from the context: Ro. i. 12; 1 Co. xi. 12 [ef. W. 381 (357)]; Phil. i. 20; 1 Th. iii. 7; 2 Th. ii. 2,15; Heb. xi. 39 [cf. W. u.s., also § 50, 3]; xii. 11,15; 1 Pet. i. 7; διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων, by the mediation (intervention) of many witnesses, they being summoned for that purpose [cf. W. 378 (354); A. V. among), 2 Tim. ii. 2. Where it is evident from the religious conceptions of the Bible that God is the author or first cause: Jn. xi. 4; Acts v. 12; Eph. iii. 10; iv. 16; Col. ii. 19; 2 Tim. i. 6; Heb. x. 10; 2 Pet. iii. 6; σώζεσθαι διὰ τ. πίστεως, Eph. ii. 8; συνεγείρεσθαι διὰ τ. rior. Col. ii. 12; δικαιοῦσθαι διὰ τ. πίστ. Cal. ii. 16, cf. Ro. iii. 30; in the phrases διὰ τοῦ Ἴησ. Χριστοῦ, and the like: Jn.i. 17; iii. 17; Acts xiii. 38; Ro.i.5; v. 9; 1 Co. xv. 57; 1Jn.iv.9; Phil. i. 11; διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, 1 Co. xv. 2; Eph. iii. 6; διὰ λόγου θεοῦ, 1 Pet. i. 23, ef. 3: διὰ νόμου, Ro. iii. 27; iv. 13; δύ ἀποκαλύψεως "Inc. Xp. Gal. | 1.12, ef. 15 sq.; διὰ τοῦ (ἁγίου) πνεύματος, Ro. v. 5; 1 Co. xii. 8; Eph. iii. 16; πιστεύειν διά τινος (see πιστεύω, 1b. y.), Jn. i. 7; 1 Co. iii. 5; σημεῖον γέγονε δι᾿ αὐτῶν, Acts iv. 16; ὁ λόγος δι᾿ ἀγγέλων λαληθείς. Heb. ii. 2, ef. Gal. iii. 19; ὁ νόμος διὰ Μωῦσέως ἐδόθη. Jn. i. 173; in passages in which something is said to have been spoken through the O. T. prophets, or some one of them [ef. Lghift. Fresh Revision ete. p. 121 sq.1: Mt. ii. 5,17 LT Tr WH, 23; [iii. 3 LT Tr WH); iv.14; viii. 17; xii. 17: xxi. 4; xxiv. 15; xxvii. 9; Acts ii. 16; or to have been so written: Lk. xviii. 31; with the added mention of the first cause: ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου διὰ τοῦ mpod. Mt. i. 22; ii. 15, ef. Lk. i. 70; Acts i. 16; xxviii. 25; Ro. i. 2; in passages relating to the Logos: πάντα δὲ αὐτοῦ (i. 6. through the divine Logos [ef. W. 379 (355) ]}) ἐγένετο or ἐκτίσθη: Jn. i. 3; 1 Co. viii. 6 (where he is expressly distincuished from the first cause: εξ αὐτοῦ [W. 419 (391)]); Col. i. 16 [W. 1. ς.], ef. Heb. i. 2, (Philo de cherub. § 35). The instrumental cause and the principal are distinguished in 1 Co. xi. 12 (διὰ τῆς γυναικός... ἐκ τοῦ Ged); Gal. i. 1 (ἀπ᾿ ἀνθρώπων . . . δι᾿ ἀνθρώπου [ef. W. 418 (390)]). 3. with the gen. of a thing διά is used to denote the manner in which a thing is done, or the formal cause: εἶπε διὰ παραβολῆς. Lk. viii. 4; εἶπε δι᾿ épaparos, Acts xvili. 9; ἀπαγγέλλειν διὰ λόγου, by word of | mouth, Acts xv. 27; τῷ λόγῳ δι᾿ ἐπιστολῶν, 2 Co. x. 11, | ef. 2 Th. ii. 15; πίστις evepyoupern δι᾿ ἀγάπης. Gal. v. 6; κεχάρισται δι’ ἐπαγγελίας. Gal. iii. 18; δουλεύειν διὰ τῆς ἀγάπης, Gal. ν. 18; ἐπιστέλλειν διὰ βραχέων, Heb. xiii. 22; γράφειν Se ὀλίγων, 1 Pet. ν. 12, (Plat. Gorg. p. 449 b. διὰ μακρῶν λόγους ποιεῖσθαι [see ὀλίγος, fin.; ef. W. § 51, 1b.]); διὰ χάρτου καὶ μέλανος, 2 Jn. 12; διὰ μέλανος x. καλάμου, 3 Jn. 13, (Plut. Sol. 17,3). Τὸ this head I should refer also the use of διά τινος in exhortations ete., where one seeks to strengthen his exhortation by the mention of a thing or a person held sacred by those whom he is admonishing (διά equiv. to by an allusion to, by reminding you of (ef. W. 381 (857)]): Ro. xii. 1; xv. 80; 1Co.i.10; 2Co.x.1; 1 Th. iv. 2 [yet cf. W.379 (355) note]; 2 Th. 111. 12 RG. B. with the AccusaTIvE [W. 398 (372) sq.]. 1. of Place; through; often so in the Grk. poets, once in the N. T. ace. to LT Tr WH viz. Lk. xvii. 11 διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας, for RG διὰ μέσου Sap. [but see μέσος, 2]. II. of the Ground or Reason on account of which anything is or is not done; by reason of, because of (Germ. aus Grund). 1. of the reason for whicha thing is done, or of the efficient reason, when for greater perspicuity it may be rendered by [ef. Kuhner 8 434 Anm.]; a. with ace. of the thing: δι ἥν, viz. τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμέραν (prop. by reason of which day i. 6. because it will come [οἵ. W. 400 (373)]), 2 Pet. iii. 12; διὰ τ. λόγον (prop. by reason of the word i. e. because the word has cleansing power), Jn. xv. 3; διὰ τὸ θέλημά σου (Vule. propter voluntatem tuam i. e. because thou didst will it), Rev. iv. 11; add, Rev. xii. 11; xiii. 14, (ἀναβιώσκεται διὰ τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς φύσιν, Plato, symp. p. 203 e.); ef. Grimm on 2 Mace. iii. 1. ὍὌ. with ace. of the person, by whose will, agency, favor, fault, anything is or is done: διὰ τὸν πατέρα... . dv ἐμέ (prop. because the father lives... because I live [ef. W. 399 (373) ]), Jn. vi. 57; διὰ τὸν ὑποτάξαντα, by the will of him who subjected it, opp. to οὐχ ἑκοῦσα, Ro. viii. 20 [ef. Win. 399 (373) note]; μὴ εἴπῃς ὅτι διὰ κύριον ἀπέστην. Sir. xv. 11; so too in the Grk. writ. of every age; ef. Kriiger § 68, 23; Grimm on 2 Mace. vi. 25. Much oftener 2. of the reason or cause on account of which anything is or is done, or ought to be done; on account of, because of; a. in the phrases διὰ τοῦτο for this cause; for this reason; therefore; on this account; since this is so: Mt. vi. 25; xii. 27, 31; xiii. 13, ete.; ΜΕ. vi. 14; xi. 24; Lk. xi. 49; xiv. 20; Jn. vi. 65; ix. 23; Acts ii. 26; Ro. i. 26; iv. 16; v.12; xiii.6; xv. 9; 1 Co. iv. 17; xi. 10, 30; 2 Co. iv. 1; Eph. i. 15; v. 17; vi. 13; Col.i.9; 1 Th. ii. 13; iii. 5,7; 2 Th. ii. 11; 2 Tim. ii. 10; Heb. i. 9; ii. 1; 1 Jn. iv. 5; 3'Jdn. 10; Rev. vii. 15; xii. 12; xviii. 8. foll. by ὅτε, for this cause... because, therefore ... because: Jn. vy. 16, 18; viii. 47; x. 17; xii. 18, 39; 1 Jn. iii. 1; ef. Tholuck ed.7 on Jn. x. 17, [he questions, at least for x. 17 and xii. 39, the canon of Meyer (on xii. 39), Luthardt (on x. 17), al., that in this phrase in Jn. the τοῦτο always looks backwards]. in the opposite order (when the words that precede with ὅτι are to be emphasized): Jn. xv. 19. It indicates the end and purpose, being foll. either by ἵνα, 2 Co. xiii. 10; 1 Tim. i. 16; Philem. 15, (in the opp. order, Jn. i. 31); or by ὅπως, Heb. ix. 15. διὰ τί [so L Tr WH] and written together διατί [so GT; ef. W.45; Lipsius, Gram. Unters. p- 126], why? wherefore? Mt. ix. 11, 14; xiii. 10; xvii. 19; Mk. ii. 18; Lk. v. 30; Jn. vii.45; Acts v. 3; Ro. ix. 32; 1 Co. vi. 7; Rev. xvii. 7. δι᾿ ἣν αἰτίαν, see αἰτία, 1. τίς ἡ αἰτία, δι ἥν, Acts x. 21; xxiii. 28; διὰ ταύτην τὴν αἰτίαν, Acts XXVili. 20; διὰ ταῦτα, Eph. v.6,ete. b. used, with theace. of any noun, of the mental affection by which one is impelled to some act [Eng. for; ef. W. 399 (372)]: διὰ φθόνον, because prompted by envy, for envy, Mt. xxvii. 18; Mk. xv. 10; διὰ τὸν φόβον τινός, Jn. vii. 13; xix. 38; xx. 19; Rev. xviii. 10,15; διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην, Eph. ii. 4. of any other cause on account of which one is said to do or to have done something, —as in Mt. xiv. 3,9; xv. 3, 6; Jn. iv. 39, 41 sq.; xii. 11; xiv. 11; Acts xxviii. 2; Ro. iii. 25 (διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν τῶν mpoyey- ἅμαρτημ. because of the pretermission ete., i. e. because he had left the sins unpunished); Ro. vi. 19; xv. 15; 2 Co. ix. 14; Gal. iv. 13 (δι ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκός, on account of an infirmity of the flesh, i. 6. detained among you by sickness; cf. Wieseler {or Bp. Lghtft.] ad loc.) ;— or to suffer or have suffered something, Mt. xxiv. 9; xxvii. 19; Lk. xxiii. 19, 25; Acts xxi. 85; 2Co. iv. 11; Col. iii. 6; 1 Pet. iii. 14; Rev. i. 9; vi. 9; —or to have obtained something, Heb. ii. 9; v.14; 1 Jn. ii. 12 ;—or to be or to become something, Ro. viii. 10; xi. 28; Eph. iv. 18; Heb. v. 12 [W. 399 (373)]; vii. 18. of the im peding cause, where by reason of some person or thing something is said to have been impossible: Mt. xiii. 58; xvii. 20; Mk. ii.4; Lk. v. 19; viii. 19; Acts xxi. 34; Heb. iii. 19; iv. 6. διά with the ace. of a pers. is often i. q. for the benefit of, [Eng. for the sake of |}: Mk. ii. 27; Jn. xi. 42; xii. 30; 1 Co. xi. 9; Heb. 1. 14; vi. 7; διὰ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς, Mt. xxiv. 22; Mk. xiii. 20; 2 Tim. ii. 10; διὰ Χριστόν for Christ’s sake, to promote his cause, 1 Co. iv. 10; δύ ὑμᾶς, Jn. xii. 30; 2 Co. iv. 15; viii. 9; Phil. i. 24; 1 Th. 1. 5. Sed twa, because of the example set by one: 2 Co. ii. 10; Ro. ii. 24; 2 Pet. 11. 2; διὰ τὸν Χριστόν for Christ, to become a partner of Christ, Phil. iii. 7 (equiv. to ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω;, vs. 8). 6. διὰ τό, because that, for that, is placed before the inf., — either standing alone, as Lk. ix. 7; Heb. vii. 23 ;— or having a subject ace. expressed, as Mt. xxiv. 12; Mk. v. 4; Lk. ii. 4; xix.11; Acts iv. 2; xii. 20; xviii. 2; xxvii. 4, 9; xxviii. 18; Phil. i. 7; Heb. vii. 24; x. 2; Jas. iv. 2; — or with its subject acc. evident from the context, as Mt. xiii. 6; Mk. iv. 6; Lk. xi. 8; xviii.5; xxiii.8; Acts viii. 11; xviii. 3. C. In Composition διά indicates 1. a passing through space or time, through, (διαβαίνω, διέρχομαι, διῦλίζω, ete.) ; hence 2. continuity of time (διαμένω, διατελέω, διατηρέω). and completeness of action (διακαθαρίζω, διαζώννυμι). 3. distribution (διαδίδωμι, διαγγέλλω, διαφημίζω). 4. separation (διαλύω, διαιρέω). 5. rivalry and endeavor (διαπίνω, διακατελέγχομαι; οἵ. Herm. ad Vig. p. 854; [Winer, as below, p. 6]). 6. transition from one state to another (διαλλάσσω; διορθόω). (Cf. Winer, De verb. comp. ete. Pt. v.; Walckenaer on Hat. 5, 18; Cattier. Gazophyl. ed. Abresch, Cant. 1810, p. 39; A. Rieder, Ueb. d. mit mehr als ein. priip. zusammeng. verba im N. T. p.17 sq.] No one of the N. T. writers makes more freq. use of verbs compounded with διά than Luke, [see the list in Winer, τι. s. p. 3 note; on their constr. W. § 52, 4, 8]. Sia-Batvw: 2 aor. διέβην, inf. διαβῆναι, ptep. διαβάς ; as in Grk. writ. fr. Hom. down; (Plin. pertranseo) ; to pass through, cross over; a. transitively : τὴν θάλασσαν ὡς διὰ ξηρᾶς, Heb. xi. 29. _b. intrans.: πρός twa, Lk. xvi. 26; εἰς with ace. of place, Acts xvi. 9; (for 72,1 S. xiii. 7).

διά dia 667x

(1) gen., through, used of place or medium, Mt. 7:13; Lk. 6:1; 2 Cor. 11:33; through, of time, during, in the course of, Heb. 2:15; Acts 5:19; through, of immediate agency, causation, instrumentality, by means of, by, Jn. 1:3; Acts 3:18; of means or manner, through, by, with, Lk. 8:4; 2 Cor. 5:7; 8:8; of state or condition, in a state of, Rom. 4:11; (2) acc., used of causation which is not direct and immediate in the production of a result, on account of, because of, for the sake of, with a view to, Mk. 2:27; Jn. 1:31; rarely, through, while subject to a state of untoward circumstances, Gal. 4:13

διά (before a vowel δ’, exc. Ro 8:10, II Co 5:7, and in pr. names; Tdf., Pr., 94), prep. c. gen., acc, as in cl.;

c. gen., through; of Place, after verbs of motion or action: Mt 2:12 12:43, Mk 2:23, Lk 4:30, Jo 4:4, II Co 11:33, al.; σώζεσθαι (διας-) δ. πυρός, ὕδατος, I Co 3:15, I Pe 3:20; βλέπειν δ. ἐσόπτρου, I Co 13:12; metaph., of a state or condition: Ro 14:20, II Co 2:4 5:7, 10; δ. γράμματος, ἀκροβυστίας (Lft., Notes, 263, 279), Ro 2:27 4:11; δι’ ὑπομενῆς, Ro 8:25.

Of Time; during which: Mt 26:61, Mk 14:58, Lk 5:5; δ. παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν, He 2:15; δ. παντός (διαπαντός in Mk 5:5, Lk 24:53), always, continually, Mt 18:10, Ac 2:25 (LXX) 10:2 24:16, Ro 11:10 (LXX), II Th 3:16, He 9:6 13:15.

within which: Ac 1:3; δ. νυκτός, Ac 5:19 16:9 17:10 23:31;

after which (Field, Notes, 20; Abbott, JG, 255 f.): Mk 2:1, Ac 24:17, Ga 2:1.

Of the Means or Instrument; of the efficient cause (regarded also as the instrument): of God, Ro 11:36, I Co 1:9, Ga 4:7, He 2:10 7:21; of Christ, Ro 1:8 5:1, 17, I Co 15:21, I Pe 4:11, al.; δ. τ. ὑμῶν δεήσεως, Ro 1:12, II Co 1:4, Ga 4:23, al.;

of the agent, instrument or means; c. gen. pers., Mt 11:2, Lk 1:70, Jo 1:17, Ac 1:16, Ro 2:16, I Co 1:21, Eph 1:5, He 2:14, Re 1:1, al.; ὑπὸ τ. κυρίου δ. τ. προφήτου (δ. τ. κυρίου, I Th 4:2 (M, Th., in l.); Lft., Rev., 121 f.), Mt 1:22 2:15, Ro 1:2; δ. ἐπιστολῆς ὡς δ. ἡμῶν (Field, Notes, 202), II Th 2:2; δ. Σ. (NTD, 22), I Pe 5:12;

c. gen. rei (where often the simple dat. is used in cl.; Jannaris, Gr., 375), Jo 11:4, Ac 5:12; δ. τ. πίστεως, Ro 3:30; δ. λόγου θεοῦ, I Pe 1:23; δ. παραβολῆς, Lk 8:4; δουλεύειν δ. τ. ἀγάπης, Ga 5:13; δ. ἐπαγγελίας, Ga 3:18.

C. acc.; rarely, as c. gen., through (Hom), δ. μέσον Σαμαρίας (ICC, in l.; Bl., §42, 1; Robertson, Gr., 581), Lk 17:11.

by reason of, because of, for the sake of; c. acc pers. (M, Pr., 105), Mk 2:27, Jo 6:57 11:42, Ro 8:20;

c. acc. rei, δ. φθόνον, Mt 27:18, Mk 15:10; δ. φόβον, Jo 7:13 20:19; δ. ἀγάπην, Eph 2:4; δ. τοῦτο, freq., for this cause, therefore, Mt 6:25, Mk 6:14, Lk 11:49, Jo 6:65, al.; id. seq. ὅτι, Jo 5:16 10:17, al.; δ. τί, why, Mt 9:11, 14, Mk 2:18, Jo 7:45, al.; δ. τό, c. inf., Mk 5:4, Lk 9:7, Ja 4:2.

In composition, through, as in διαβαίνω;

of separation, asunder, as in διασπάω;

of distribution, abroad, as in διαγγέλλω;

of transition, as διαλλάσσω;

of "perfective" action (M, Pr., 112 f., 115 f.), as διαφύγω, διακαθαρίζω.

διά (A.D. 58) ἀπεσχηκυῖαι [παρὰ τοῦ ᾿Αντ]ιφάνους διὰ χειρὸς [ἐϊξ οἴκου ὃ καὶ ἐπε[ίσθη]σαν κεφάλαιον, ‘have received from Antiphanes from hand to hand in cash the sum which they severally consented to accept ” (Edd.). Among other stereotyped phrases may be mentioned διὰ παντός, common in papyri as in Bibl. Greek in place of the obsolescent ἀεί : thus P Lond 42° (B.c. 168) (=I. p. 30, Selections Ὁ. 9) σοῦ διὰ παντὸς μνείαν ποιούμενοι, LGU IV. 1078* (A.p. 39) Σαραπίων Σαραπιάδι τῇ ἀδελφῇ πλεῖστα χαίρειν καὶ διὰ παντὸς ὑγιαίνειν. A rather different temporal use appears in διὰ νυκτός, “by night’ (Ac 519 etc.), as P Ryl II. 1381 (A.D. 34) κατέλαβα τοῦτον διὰ νυκτὸς ἡλμένον ἐξ ὑπερβατῶν els τὠιὸ τῆς οὐσίας ἐποίκιον Δρομήως λεγώμενου (7. ε. -όμενον), “ΕἼ detected him when under cover of night he had sprung into the farmstead” (Edd.): it is hard to imagine Fritzsche (see Grimm) arguing that here διὰ νυκτός must mean “‘all night long”! Equally unmistakeable is the spell in P Lond 12147 (iii/A.p.) (= I. p. 97) ἐάν τινι ἐθελήσῃς φανῆναι διὰ νυκτὸς ἐν ὀνείροις. Διὰ βίου however = ‘‘for life,” as P Lond 1178°° (a.p. 194) (=III. p. 217) ξυστάρχων διὰ βίου, Presigke 12698 (B.c. 104) ἱερεὺς διὰ βίου, and δι᾿ ἐνιαυτοῦ = ‘‘for a year”—P Strass I. 2233 (iii/a.p. zit.) παρ᾽ ἡμεῖν δὲ ἰ]δοὺ ἡ [δ] ἐνιαυτοῦ νομὴ αὐτάρκης ἐστίν. “ΕΣ einjahrige Besitz” (Ed.). For διά as in Mk 2, Ac 2417, cf. OG/S 568 (B.c. 239-8) ἐὰν δὲ καὶ συμβαίνηι τὴν ἐπιτολὴν τοῦ ἄστρου μεταβαίνειν cis ἑτέραν ἡμέραν διὰ τεσσάρων ἐτῶν, ‘‘after four years” (see note). Instrumental διά appears in διὰ γένους, as Cagnat 1V. 293*° (Pergamum, c. B.C. 127) τὸν ἀρχιερέα Kal διὰ γένους ἱερέα τοῦ [Διός ‘‘hereditary priest,” //7S xxxiv. p. 5 (no. τοῦ of Lycian inscrr.) λαβὼν τὸ χωρίον διὰ γένους. So διὰ προγόνων, Caguat IV. 2037 (see above) καὶ δι]ὰ προγόνων ὑπάρχοντα τῆς πατρίδος εὐεργέϊτην. P Ryl Il. 1351} (A.D. 34) ἦραν διὰ ὄνον χόρτου δύσμας τριάκοαν, ‘ carried off on donkeys thirty bundles of hay” (Edd.). The common use of Ac 1527, 2 Cor rol, may be freely illustrated : thus P Oxy VIT. 1066? (iii/A.D.) ἔγραψάς μοι διὰ τῆς [ἐϊπιστολῆς, “you write to me in the letter” (Ed.), 24. 10701° (iii/A. D.) πολλάκις σοι γράψας διὰ ἐπιστολῶν πολλῶν, P Grenf I. 30° (B.C. 103) (= Witkowski*, p. 107) διὰ γραμμάτων ἐκρίναμεν σημῆναι. It can hardly be said that there is always insistence on mediate authorship when διά, has a personal gen. attached. Thus P Grenf 11. 41)? (A.p. 46) (= Chrest. II. p- 197) πάντος (/. -as) τοὺ (/. τοὺς) BU ἐμοῦ οἰκονομηθησομένους χρηματισμούς : the writer is a principal. P Lond 2767 (A.D. 15) (= II. p. 149) ἵν᾽ [εἰδὼς κατακλουθησας (/. κατακολουθῇς) Tots δι αὐτοῦ σημαινοίμέν]οις, P Amh II. 688 (late i/A.D.) Tas δηλουμένας δι αὐτοῦ (ἀρούρας) τ. Lut this distinction between διά and ὑπό is normally observed. Thus P Amh 11. rri27 (A. p. 132) καθ᾽ 6podoyelay τελιωθῖσαν διὰ τοῦ ἐν κώμῃ Σοκνοπαίου Νήσου γραφείου, ‘executed through the record-office of S.N.” (Edd.). BGU I. 1364 Note δι ἑαυτοῦ = zfse, as P Oxy 11. 27374 (A.p. 95) ἀπὸ τῆσδε [τῆς ὁμολογίας δι ἑαυτῆς μετεπιγράφεσθαι, ‘to transfer by herself to another” (Edd.). (A.D. 135) Ταποντὼς Sv ἐκδίκου, his counsel. See other instances in Kuhring The elliptical locution διὰ κενῆς, P Hib 1. 66° (B.c. 228-7) ὥστε σε μὴ διὰ κενῆς εὐχαριστῆσαι ἡμ[ῖν, ** purpose” (Edd.), presumably arises from the local meaning of διά. p- 39 f., also of other uses c. gen. so that you shall not oblige me to no

διά (dia) — through/because of. διά, poetry διαί (Aeolic dialect ζά, which see), preposition governing genitive and accusative — Rad. sense, through; never anastrophic [Prop. δῐᾰ: but [Refs 8th c.BC+] uses ῑ at the beginning of a line, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: also ᾱ, for the sake of meter, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+] uses διαί in Lyric poetry, [Refs] __A WITH GEN. __A.I of Place or Space: __A.I.1 of motion in a line, from one end to the other, right through, in [Refs 8th c.BC+] frequently of the effect of weapons, διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε.. ἔγχος καὶ διὰ θώρηκος.. [Refs 8th c.BC+] out through the Scaean gate, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; δι᾽ ἠέρος αἰθέρ᾽ ἵκανεν quite through the lower air even to the ether, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; διὰ Τρώων πέτετο straight through them,[Refs 5th c.BC+]: also in Compos. with πρό and ἐκ, see at {διαπρό},{διέκ}: in adverbial phrases, διὰ πασῶν (i.e. χορδῶν), see at {διαπασῶν}:from beginning to end,_ [Refs 5th c.BC+]continually, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; δι᾽ ὀλίγου for a short time, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.2 of the interval which has passed between two points of Time, δ. χρόνου πολλοῦ or δ. πολλοῦ χρ. after a long time, [Refs 5th c.BC+] adjective, δ. χρόνου after a time, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δι᾽ ἡμερῶν after several days, [NT]; and with adjectives alone, δι᾽ ὀλίγου [Refs 5th c.BC+] till the seventh day, [Refs 2nd c.AD+] time after time, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.3 of successive Intervals, δ. τρίτης ἡμέρης every other day, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δ. πεντετηρίδος every four years (with inclusive reckoning), [Refs]; δι᾽ ἔτους πέμπτου, of the Olympic games, [Refs 5th c.BC+] in the course of the eleventh year, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III causal, through, by, __A.III.a of the Agent, δι᾽ ἀλλέλων or -ου ἐπικηρυκεύεσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι, by the mouth of.., [NT+5th c.BC+]; πεσόντ᾽ ἀλλοτρίας διαὶ γυναικός by her doing, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δι᾽ ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν τι of oneself, not by another's agency, [Refs], etc.; but also, by oneself alone, unassisted, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.III.b of the Instrument or Means, δ. χειρῶν by hand (properly by holding between the hands), δι᾽ ὁσίων χ. θιγών [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also δ. χερῶν λαβεῖν, δ. χειρὸς ἔχειν in the hand, [Refs] to keep a firm hand on, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δ. λόγων συγγίγνεσθαι to hold intercourse by word, [NT+5th c.BC+] __A.III.c of Manner (where διά with its Noun frequently serves as an adverb), δ. μέθης ποιήσασθαι τὴν συνουσίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παίω δι᾽ ὀργῆς through passion, in passion, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δ. τάχους, ={ταχέως}, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δ. σπουδῆς in haste, hastily, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δι᾽ αἰδοῦς with reverence, respectfully, [Refs]; δ. ψευδῶν ἔπη lying words, [Refs]; αἱ δ. καρτερίας ἐπιμέλειαι long-continued exertions, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δι᾽ ἀκριβείας, δ. πάσης ἀκρ., [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III.2 in later Prose, of Material out of which a thing is made, κατασκευάζειν εἴδωλα δι᾽ ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ [Refs 1st c.BC+] __A.IV διά τινος ἔχειν, εἶναι, γίγνεσθαι, to express conditions or states, ἀγὼν διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχων extending through every kind of contest, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δι᾽ ὄχλου εἶναι to be troublesome, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.IV.b with Verbs of motion, δ. μάχης ἐλεύσονται will engage in battle, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δ. παντὸς πολέμου, δ. φιλίας ἰέναι τινί, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δ. δίκης ἰέναι τινί go to law with.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐμαυτῷ δ. λόγων ἀφικόμην I held converse with myself, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δ. λόγων, δ. γλώσσης ἰέναι come to open speech, [Refs]; δ. φιλημάτων ἰέναι come to kissing, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δ. πυρὸς ἰέναι (see. πῦρ): in passive sense, δι᾽ ἀπεχθείας ἐλθεῖν τινι to be hated by.., [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.IV.c with transitive Verbs, δι᾽ αἰτίας ἔχειν or ἄγειν τινά hold in fault, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δι᾽ οἴκτου ἔχειν τινά, δι᾽ αἰσχύνης ἔχειν τι, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B WITH Acc. __B.I of Place, only poetical, in same sense as διά with genitive: __B.I.1 through, ἓξ δὲ δ. πτύχας ἦλθε.. χαλκός [Refs 8th c.BC+]; δ. τάφρον ἐλαύνειν across it,[Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.I.2 through, among, in, οἴκεον δι᾽ ἄκριας [Refs 8th c.BC+] through his mouth,[Refs 8th c.BC+] __B.II of Time, also poetical, δ. νύκτα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; δ. γλυκὺν ὕπνον during sweet sleep, [Refs 2nd c.BC+] __B.III causal: __B.III.1 of persons, thanks to, by aid of, νικῆσαι δ... Ἀθήνην [Refs 8th c.BC+]; δ. σε by thy fault or service, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Prose, by reason of, on account of, δ᾽ ἡμᾶς [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so εἰ μὴ διά τινα if it had not been for.., εἰ μὴ δι᾽ ἄνδρας ἀγαθούς [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.III.2 of things, to express the Cause, Occasion, or Purpose, δι᾽ ἐμὴν ἰότητα because of my will, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; δι᾽ ἀφραδίας for, through want of thought,[Refs]; δι᾽ ἔνδειαν by reason of poverty, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δ. καῦμα, δ. χειμῶνα,[Refs 5th c.BC+]: frequently also with neuter adjectives, δ. τ; wherefore?; δ. τοῦτο, δ. ταῦτα on this account; δι᾽ ὅ, δι᾽ ἅ on which account; δ. πολλά for many reasons, etc. __B.III.3 ={ἕνεκα}, to express Purpose, δἰ ἀχθηδόνα for the sake of vexing, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δ. τὴν τούτου σαφήνειαν with a view to clearing this up, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αὐτή δι᾽ αὑτήν for its own sake, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C WITHOUT CASE as adverb throughout, δ. πρό (see. supr. A.I.I); δ. δ᾽ ἀμπερές [Refs 8th c.BC+] __D IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), __D.I through, right through, of Space, διαβαίνω, διέχω, διιππεύω. __D.II in different directions, as in διαπέμπω, διαφορέ; of separation, asunder, διαιρέω, διαλύ; of difference or disagreement, at variance, διαφωνέω, διαφέρ; or simply mutual relation, one with another, διαγωνίζομαι, διάδω, διαθέω, διαπίνω, διαφιλοτιμέομαι. __D.III pre-eminence, διαπρέπω, διαφέρω. __D.IV completion, to the end, utterly, διεργάζομαι, διαμάχομαι, διαπράττω, διαφθείρω: of Time, διαβιόω. __D.V to add strength, thoroughly, out and out, διαγαληνίζω, etc.; compare ζά. __D.VI of mixture, between, partly, especially in adjective, as διάλευκος, διάχρυσος, διάχλωρος, etc. __D.VII of leaving an interval or breach, διαλείπω, διαναπαύω. (Cogn. with δύο, δίς.)