1 Chronicles 4:19 — Word Study
WLCוּבְנֵי֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת הֽוֹדִיָּ֔ה אֲח֣וֹת נַ֔חַם אֲבִ֥י קְעִילָ֖ה הַגַּרְמִ֑י וְאֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ הַמַּעֲכָתִֽי׃
BSAThe sonsbên [descendants, offspring] wifeʼishshâh [woman, female] the sisterʼâchôwth [biological sibling, close relative] of NahamNacham△ [were] the fathersʼâb [ancestors, male parents] of KeilahQᵉʻîylâh [a city in Judah, a fortified place] the GarmiteGarmîy△ [a descendant of Garam, someone strong] and of EshtemoaʼEshtᵉmôaʻ [a city in Judah, a place of hearing] the MaacathiteMaʻăkâthîy [someone from the city of Maakah, a pressed people]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּבְנֵי֙ | and [the] sons of | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct |
| אֵ֣שֶׁת | [the] wife of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| הֽוֹדִיָּ֔ה | Hodiah | Noun proper masculine |
| אֲח֣וֹת | [the] sister of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| נַ֔חַם | Naham | Noun proper masculine |
| אֲבִ֥י | [were] [the] father of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| קְעִילָ֖ה | Keilah | Noun proper |
| הַגַּרְמִ֑י | Garmite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| וְאֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ | and Eshtemoa | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| הַמַּעֲכָתִֽי׃ | the Maacathite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sons of Hodiah’s wife, the sister of Naham, were the fathers of Keilah the Garmite and of Eshtemoa the Maacathite. |
| KJV | And the sons of his wife Hodiah the sister of Naham, the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite. |
| ASV | And the sons of the wife of Hodiah, the sister of Naham, were the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite. |
| YLT | and sons of the wife of Hodiah sister of Nahom: Abi-Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite. |
| WEB | The sons of the wife of Hodiah, the sister of Naham, were the fathers of Keilah the Garmite and Eshtemoa the Maacathite. |
| BBE | And the sons of the wife of Hodiah, the sister of Naham, were the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite. |
Where they part company is on the phrase אֲבִ֥י — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause introduces the subjects, with two noun phrases detailing the descendants that follow.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
3 of 10 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 4:19
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Judahgenerated
1 Chronicles 4:19 presents a genealogical account, highlighting the sons of Hodiah’s wife, who is related to Naham. This lineage connects to the cities of Keilah and Eshtemoa, emphasizing the historical significance of these locations in Judah. The context reinforces the importance of family and heritage in the biblical narrative, as seen throughout the genealogies in 1 Chronicles 4:18 and 1 Chronicles 4:20.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 15:44 | Keilah, Achzib, and Mareshah—nine cities, along with their villages. |
| 2 | 1 Samuel 23:1–13 | Now it was reported to David, “Look, the Philistines are fighting against Keilah and looting the threshing floors.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֲבִ֥י, 'a.Vigenerated
The word אָב (av) means 'father' and encompasses a variety of meanings, including literal fathers, ancestors, and figures of authority. It signifies a paternal relationship and is foundational in understanding family dynamics in biblical texts.
In this verse, it indicates the role of the fathers of Keilah and Eshtemoa, linking them to their heritage. The parsing as a noun common masculine singular construct shows that it refers specifically to male ancestors in this genealogical context.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is implied in the phrase אֲבִ֥י, were the fathers of, which governs the following noun phrases: קְעִילָ֖ה and אֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ. This structure emphasizes the lineage and the connection to specific places in Judah.
The Hebrew word order places the subjects before the predicates, highlighting the importance of the names of the cities as descendants of Hodiah's family.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates the phrase for אֲבִ֥י as πατρὸς, meaning 'father.' This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the familial connection.
The consistency in translation indicates a shared understanding of the importance of lineage in both the Hebrew and Greek texts.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 4:19 tells us about the sons of Hodiah’s wife, who is the sister of Naham. They were the fathers of Keilah and Eshtemoa, two cities in Judah. This verse highlights the importance of family and heritage in the biblical narrative.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It shows the lineage of Hodiah’s wife and her connection to significant cities in Judah, emphasizing the importance of family ties.
These cities are highlighted as places associated with Hodiah’s descendants, indicating their historical and geographical significance.
It refers to male ancestors or heads of families, indicating the importance of lineage and heritage in the biblical narrative.
It contributes to the larger genealogical framework in 1 Chronicles, which emphasizes the lineage of the tribes of Israel, particularly Judah.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does understanding genealogies in the Bible help us appreciate the history of Israel?
- What significance do you think family ties had in ancient Israelite culture?
- In what ways can we see the importance of lineage in our own families today?
- How can we apply the lessons of heritage and identity from this verse in our lives?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 4:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the sons of his wife Hodiah,.... Another wife of Mered. Hillerus (c) takes her to be the same with Jehudijah, 1 Chronicles 4:18, though some (d) take Hodiah to be the name of a man, and read the
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the sons of his wife Hodiah the sister of Naham, the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(19) And the sons of his wife Hodiah.—The existing Hebrew text says, And the sons of Hodiah’s wife. Hodiah recurs as a man’s name in Nehemiah 8:7; Nehemiah 9:5; but a very slight change—the addition of three letters—in the Hebrew would give the sense: “And sons of his Jewish wife, the sister of Naham, were the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa,” &c. Naham is unknown. Keilah is a town in the Shephelah (Joshua 15:44), well known as the scene of David’s prowess and peril (1 Samuel 23). Eshtemoa occurred in 1 Chronicles 4:17, in connexion with Ishbah, son of Ezra by Bithiah. (See Note there.) The Garmites and Maachathites are unknown clans. The former founded or were settled at Keilah.…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges19. of his wife Hodiah] R.V. of the wife of Hodiah. Keilah] a town of the Shephelah (Joshua 15:44), the scene of one of David’s exploits (1 Samuel 23:1-5). Eshtemoa the Maachathite] The epithet distinguishes this Eshtemoa from that of 1 Chronicles 4:17. The Maachathite may mean the descendant of Maachah (1 Chronicles 2:48), the concubine of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHis wife Hodiah - Not as in the margin, but rather, “the sons of the wife of Hodiah.” Hodiah is elsewhere always a man’s name Nehemiah 8:7; Nehemiah 9:5; Nehemiah 10:10, Nehemiah 10:13, Nehemiah 10:18.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sons of Hodiah’s wife, the sister of Naham, were the fathers of Keilah the Garmite and of Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
The sons of the wife of Hodiah, the sister of Naham, were the fathers of Keilah the Garmite and Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
The sons of Hodiah’s wife, the sister of Naham, were the fathers of Keilah the Garmite and of Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
The sons of Hodiah’s wife, the sister of Naham: the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
Tyndale line
And the sons of his wife Hodiah the sister of Naham, the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite.
And the sons of the wife of Hodiah, the sister of Naham, were the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
And the sons of the wife of Hodiah, the sister of Naham, were the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
And the sons of his wife Hodiah the sister of Naham, the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite.
And the sonnes of the wife of Hodiah, the sister of Naham the father of Keilah were the Garmites, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite.
Strictly literal
— And the sons of the wife of Hodijah, the sister of Naham: the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite.
and sons of the wife of Hodiah sister of Nahom: Abi-Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite.
and sons of the wife of Hodiah sister of Nahom: Abi-Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite.
And the sons of the wife of Hodiyah the sister of Nacham: The father of Kei'lah the Garmite, and Eshthemoa' the Ma'achathite.
Of the two sons of Hodiah's wife, sister of Naham, one became the father of Keilah the Garmite. The other was Eshtemoa the Maakathite.
From the Latin
And the sons of his wife Odaia the sister of Naham the father of Celia, Garmi, and Esthamo, who was of Machathi.
Simplified
The sons of Hodiah's wife, Nathan's sister: one son was the father of Keilah the Garmite, and another the father of Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
And the sons of the wife of Hodiah, the sister of Naham, were the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in content, with all words matched in the Hebrew text. This consistency reflects the preservation of the genealogical record across different traditions.
וּבְנֵי֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת הֽוֹדִיָּ֔ה אֲח֣וֹת נַ֔חַם אֲבִ֥י קְעִילָ֖ה הַגַּרְמִ֑י וְאֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ הַמַּעֲכָתִֽי׃
10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 4:19
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural constructHC/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אִשָּׁה (ishshah) means 'woman,' 'wife,' or 'female.' It can refer to a woman in general, a wife in relation to a man, or the female of animals. The term also has distributive and reciprocal uses, indicating 'each woman' from her neighbor. The word is derived from the masculine forms אִישׁ (ish) and אִישָׁה (ishah), indicating a broad range of meanings.
אִשָּׁה 773 n.f. woman, wife, female
woman
Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
Female of animals
With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
base
H802 אִשָּׁה woman, wife, female . woman
. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
. Female of animals
. With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
802 'ishshah ish-shaw'
feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym
{naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as
582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none,
one, + together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.
see HEBREW for 0376
see HEBREW for 0582
see HEBREW for 0582
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman.
: woman
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: wife.
: wife/widow
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: another.
: another
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
הוֹדִיָּה (Hodiah) is a Hebrew name that appears to refer to a Jewess, possibly from the tribe of Judah. The entries indicate that it may mean 'majesty of Jehovah' and suggest connections to a woman mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:19, who was married to Ishbah. There is some ambiguity regarding whether Hodiah refers specifically to a woman or a man, as the entries include both masculine and feminine forms.
הוֹדִיָּה n.pr.m. (my splendour is Yah)
a man of Judah
Levites
a chief of the people
base
H1940 הוֹדִיָּה, הוֹדִיָּה
1940 Howdiyah ho-dee-yaw'
a form for the feminine of 3064; a Jewess:--Hodiah.
see HEBREW for 03064
הוֹדִיָּה (ho.diy.yah) — Hodiah.
A woman(?) of the tribe of Judah(?) living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.19; whose brother was Naham (H5163); married to Ishbah (H3431)(?)
§ Hodiah = "majesty of Jehovah"
one of the two wives of Ezra, a man of Judah
HNpm — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(majesty of Jehovah), one of the two wives of Ezra, a man of Judah. (1 Chronicles 4:19) She is doubtless the same person as Jehudijah in ver. 18.
אָחוֹת (achowth) means 'sister' and can refer to a full sister, half-sister, or a relative. It is used both literally and figuratively, symbolizing relationships such as that of Israel and Judah, and can also imply intimacy or connection. The word is built from a feminine form related to other terms for kinship.
אָחוֹת 114 n.f. sister
sister
= beloved
symbol. of Judah, Samaria, Sodom & Jerusalem
fig. of intimate connection
another
base
H269 אָחוֹת sister
269 'achowth aw-khoth'
irregular feminine of 251; a sister (used very widely (like
250), literally and figuratively):--(an-)other, sister,
together.
see HEBREW for 0251
see HEBREW for 0250
אָחוֹת (a.chot) — sister.
1) sister
1a) sister (same parents)
1b) half-sister (same father)
1c) relative
1c1) (metaph) of Israel's and Judah's relationship
1d) beloved
1d1) bride
1e) (fig.) of intimate connection
1f) another
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נַ֫חַם (Nacham) refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:19. The name is associated with the meaning 'comfort.' It is derived from a root that conveys the idea of consolation, but the entries do not provide a detailed range of usage beyond this specific reference.
נַ֫חַם n.pr.m. (comfort), a chieftain of Judah 1 Ch 4:19
ref
H5163 נַ֫חַם
5163 Nacham nakh'-am
from 5162; consolation; Nacham, an Israelite:--Naham.
see HEBREW for 05162
נַ֫חַם (na.cham) — Naham.
A man of the tribe of Judah(?) living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.19;
brother of: Hodiah (H1940)
§ Naham = "comfort"
the brother of IIodiah or Jehudijah, wife of Ezra
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
na'-ham (nacham, "comfort"): A Judahite chieftain, father of Keilah the Garmite (1Ch 4:19); the passage is obscure.
(consolation), the brother of Modiah or Jehudiah, wife of Ezra. (1 Chronicles 4:19)
Nahamani, comforter; leader
→ Brother of Hodiah 1Ch 4:19
אָב (av) means 'father' and encompasses various roles such as the literal father of an individual, God as the father of His people, and the head of a household or clan. It can also refer to an ancestor, originator of a profession, or a figure of respect and protection. Notably, it can imply a ruler or chief in later contexts.
אָב 1101 n.m. father
father of individual
of God as father of his people
head of household, family or clan
ancestor
originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
fig. of producer, generator
fig. of benevolence & protection
term of respect & honor
specif., ruler, chief (late)
base
H1 אָב father . father of individual
. of God as father of his people
. head of household, family or clan
. ancestor
. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
. fig. of producer, generator
. fig. of benevolence & protection
. term of respect & honor
. specif., ruler, chief (late)
1 'ab awb
a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or
figurative and remote application):--chief,
(fore-)father(-less), X patrimony, principal. Compare names
in "Abi-".
אָב (av) — father.
1) father of an individual
2) of God as father of his people
3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan
4) ancestor
4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person
4b) of people
5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
6) of producer, generator (fig.)
7) of benevolence and protection (fig.)
8) term of respect and honour
9) ruler or chief (spec.)
Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
אָב (av) — (Huram)-abi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.7.13; also called Huram-abi (KJV: "Huram my father's") at 2Ch.2.13; 4.16;
Combined with chi.ram (חִירָם "Hiram" H2438H)
אָב (av) — father of.
The father of Gibeon, also known as Abiel - a man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.1;
son of: Zeror (H6872C); married to Maacah (H4601N);
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
קְעִילָה (Q`iylah) refers to a location in Judah, specifically a city known as Keilah, which is described as a fortress. The name may derive from a root meaning to enclose, suggesting a fortified place. It is situated in the lowlands of Judah, northwest of Hebron, and is mentioned in relation to the Philistines.
קְעִילָה 18 n.pr.loc. in Judah, toward Philistines
base
H7084 קְעִילָה
7084 Q`iylah keh-ee-law'
perhaps from 7049 in the sense of inclosing; citadel; Keilah,
a place in Palestine:--Keilah.
see HEBREW for 07049
קְעִילָה (qe.i.lah) — Keilah.
§ Keilah = "fortress"
a city in the lowlands of Judah northwest of Hebron
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
ke-i'-la (qe`ilah; Keeilam):
(1) A city of the Shephelah mentioned (Jos 15:44) along with Nezib, Aehzib and Mareshah. Among those who repaired the walls of Jerusalem was "Hashabiah, the ruler of half the district of Keilah, for his district. After him repaired their brethren, Bavvai the son of Henadad, the ruler of half the district of Keilah" (Ne 3:17,18).
1. David and Keilah:
It is, however, from the story of the wandering of David that we have most information regarding this place. It was a city with gates and bars (1Sa 23:7). The Philistines came against it and commenced robbing the threshing-floors. David, after twice inquiring of Yahweh, went down with his 600 men (1Sa…
Keilah
Citadel, a city in the lowlands of Judah (Josh. 15:44). David rescued it from the attack of the Philistines (1 Sam. 23:1-8); but the inhabitants proving unfaithful to him, in that they sought to deliver him up to Saul (13), he and his men “departed from Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go.” They fled to the hill Hareth, about 3 miles to the east, and thence through Hebron to Ziph (q.v.). “And David was in the wilderness of Ziph, in a wood” (1 Sam. 23:15). Here Jonathan sought him out, “and strengthened his hand in God.” This was the last interview between David and Jonathan (23:16-18). It is the modern Khurbet Kila. Others identify it with Khuweilfeh, between Beit Jibrin (Eleutheropolis) and Beersheba…
(fortress), a city of the Shefelah, or lowland district of Judah. (Joshua 15:44) Its main interest consists in its connection with David. (1 Samuel 23:7-13) It is represented by Kila , a site with ruins, on the lower road from Beit Jibria to Hebron.
A city in the plains of Judah, which David once relieved from a siege by the Philistines, but which afterwards sought to deliver him up to Saul, 1Sa 23:1-13; Ne 3:17.
גַּרְמִי (Garmiy) refers to a person or people described as 'bony' or 'strong.' This term is associated with a descendant of Gerem from Judah, specifically mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:19. The word is derived from a root meaning 'bony' and is used to denote the Garmites.
גַּרְמִי adj.gent. c. art. 1 Ch 4:19.
done
H1636 גַּרְמִי
1636 Garmiy gar-mee'
from 1634; bony, i.e. strong:--Garmite.
see HEBREW for 01634
גַּרְמִי (gar.mi) — Garmite.
Someone descended from Garam(?), only mentioned at 1Ch.4.19
§ Garmite = "bony"
a descendant of Gerem of Judah
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ (Eshtmoa) refers to a Levitical city in the mountainous region of Judah, south of Hebron. The name is derived from a root suggesting obedience and is associated with meanings like 'I will make myself heard.' There are variations in the name, including אֶשְׁתְּמֹה (Eshtemoh), which carries different connotations.
אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ, אֶשְׁתְּמֹעַ, אֶשְׁתְּמֹה n.pr.loc. Levitical city in mountain-country of Judah, south of Hebron
base
H851 אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ, אֶשְׁתְּמֹעַ
851 'Eshtmoa` esh-tem-o'-ah
or bEshtmowam {esh-tem-o'-ah}; or sEshtmoh {esh-tem-o'}; from
8085 (in the sense of obedience); Eshtemoa or Eshtemoh, a
place in Palestine:--Eshtemoa, Eshtemoh.
see HEBREW for 08085
אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ (esh.te.mo.a) — Eshtemoa.
§ Eshtemoa = "I will make myself heard" Eshtemoh = "I shall cause my own ruin: fire of astonishment: I shall soar aloft"
a Levitical city in Judah
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
esh-te-mo'-a, esh'-te-mo-a ('eshtemoa`):
A Levitical city in the hill country of Judah (Jos 21:14; 1Ch 6:57); Eshtemoh ('eshtemoh, Jos 15:50). In 1ch 4:17,19, Eshtemoa is said to be a Maacathite and "son" of Ishbah. David after routing the Amalekites sent a present to his friends in (among other places) Eshtemoa (1Sa 30:28).
It is now es-Semu`a, a considerable village of evident antiquity some 8 miles South of Hebron.
Eshtemoa
Obedience, a town in the mountains of Judah (Josh. 21:14; 1 Chr. 6:57), which was allotted, with the land round it, to the priests. It was frequented by David and his followers during their wanderings; and he sent presents of the spoil of the Amalekites to his friends there (1 Sam. 30:28). It is identified with es-Semu’a, a village about 3 1/2 miles east of Socoh, and 7 or 8 miles south of Hebron, around which there are ancient remains of the ruined city. It is the centre of the “south country” or Negeb. It is also called “Eshtemoh” (Josh. 15:50).
and in shorter form Eshtemoh (obedience), a town of Judah in the mountains, (Joshua 15:50) allotted to the priest. (Joshua 21:14; 1 Chronicles 6:57) It was one of the places frequented by David and his followers during the long period of their wanderings. (1 Samuel 30:28) comp. 1Sam 30:31 Its site is at Semu’a , a village seven miles south of Hebron.
מַעֲכָתִי (Ma`akathiy) refers to a Maachathite, an inhabitant of Maakah, associated with David's heroes and Ishmael the Judean. The term is derived from מַעֲכָה (Maacah), indicating a group of people likely from Transjordan, possibly descendants of Maacah. The entries consistently define it as relating to this group.
מַעֲכָתִי adj.gent. of one of David’s heroes; of associate of Ishmael the Judean; coll. = the Maachathites
base
H4602 מַעֲכָתִי of one of David’s heroes; of associate of Ishmael the Judean; coll. = the Maachathites
4602 Ma`akathiy mah-ak-aw-thee'
patrial from 4601; a Maakathite, or inhabitant of
Maakah:--Maachathite.
see HEBREW for 04601
מַעֲכָתִי (ma.a.kha.ti) — Maacathite.
Group of ma.a.khah (מַעֲכָה "Maacah" H4601R)
§ Maachathite = "pressure (literally she has pressed)"
a people dwelling in Transjordan, probably descendants of Maachah
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa