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1 Chronicles 9:38 — Word Study

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WLCוּמִקְל֖וֹת הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־ שִׁמְאָ֑ם וְאַף־ הֵ֗ם נֶ֧גֶד אֲחֵיהֶ֛ם יָשְׁב֥וּ בִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם עִם־ אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ ס

BSAMiklothMiqlôwth [a leader in David's army, son of Jehiel] was the father ofyâlad [to beget, give birth to] ShimeamShimʼâm [an Israelite from the tribe of Benjamin] Theyhêm [the family, relatives] tooʼaph livedyâshab [to dwell, remain, abide] alongsideneged [with, together, near] their relativesʼâch [brothers, male siblings, close friends] in JerusalemYᵉrûwshâlaim [the city of peace, capital of Palestine, over against, before, in front of]

Word
Listen & take away1 Chronicles 9
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 38 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('a.chei.Hem) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
1 Chronicles 9:38quick helps
In a sentenceMikloth was the father of Shimeam, and they lived with their relatives in Jerusalem.
Who is speakingThe narrator provides a genealogical account.
Where we areA list of descendants and their settlement.
The hard wordמִקְלוֹת
Take awayFamily ties are emphasized in the context of their dwelling.
4 commentators on this verse Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge, Whedon & more — read them › clause subjectמִקְלוֹת verbיָלַד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 12 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 9:38

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Descendants of Benjamingenerated

37Gedor, Ahio, Zechariah, and Mikloth.
38Mikloth was the father of Shimeam. They too lived alongside their relatives in Jerusalem.
39Ner was the father of Kish, Kish was the father of Saul, and Saul was the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Esh-baal.
40The son of Jonathan: Merib-baal, who was the father of Micah.

1 Chronicles 9:38 details the lineage of Mikloth, a leader in David's army, and his son Shimeam, highlighting their familial connections and residence in Jerusalem. This verse is part of a larger genealogical account that emphasizes the importance of family and heritage among the tribes of Israel, particularly the tribe of Benjamin, as seen in 1 Chronicles 8:32.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
11 Chronicles 8:32and Mikloth, who was the father of Shimeah. These also lived alongside their relatives in Jerusalem.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word מִקְלוֹת, u.mik.Lotgenerated

The name מִקְלוֹת (Miqloth) refers to a Benjamite mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically as an officer in David's army and a descendant of Jehiel. The term is derived from a plural form meaning 'rods' or 'staffs'.

As a proper noun, it indicates a significant individual within the genealogical narrative of the Israelites, particularly in the context of their military and civic organization.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb הוֹלִ֣יד, he fathered, governs the main clause, which describes Mikloth's relationship to Shimeam. The structure indicates a straightforward genealogical statement.

The clauses are organized to first present the subject, followed by the action of fathering, and concluding with the description of their living situation, emphasizing familial ties.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates מִקְלוֹת as μακελλωθ, which may suggest a slight interpretative shift, possibly emphasizing the role of Mikloth as a leader rather than just a genealogical figure.

The Greek word ἐγέννησεν for הוֹלִ֣יד indicates a direct translation of the act of fathering, maintaining the original meaning without significant alteration.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

1 Chronicles 9:38 tells us that Mikloth was the father of Shimeam, and they lived alongside their relatives in Jerusalem. This verse highlights the importance of family connections and their shared residence in the capital city.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

Who was Mikloth?

Mikloth was a leader in David's army and the father of Shimeam, a Benjamite.

What does it mean that they lived in Jerusalem?

Living in Jerusalem signifies their connection to the capital and their role within the Israelite community.

How does this verse relate to the tribe of Benjamin?

This verse emphasizes the lineage and heritage of the tribe of Benjamin, highlighting their descendants and their place within the nation.

What is the significance of family in this context?

Family ties are crucial in the biblical narrative, emphasizing the importance of lineage, heritage, and community among the Israelites.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does it mean to you to have family ties in your life?
  2. How can understanding your heritage shape your identity?
  3. In what ways do you see the importance of community in your own life?
  4. How can you strengthen your relationships with your relatives?

Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 9:38 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And Gedor, and Ahio, and Zechariah, and Mikloth. No JFB commentary on these verses.

Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 9 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(35-44) A duplicate of 1 Chronicles 8:29-38. The genealogy of Saul seems to be repeated, according to the chronicler’s habit (comp. 1 Chronicles 6:4 et seq. with 1 Chronicles 6:50 et seq.; 1 Chronicles 7:6 et seq. with 1 Chronicles 8:1 et seq.), as a transition or introduction to something else, viz., the account of that king’s final ruin in 1 Chronicles 10. The present list is identical with the former, so far as it extends (1 Chronicles 8:39-40 is wanting here), but is, on the whole, in better preservation, supplying, as we have seen, several omissions in the other copy. Only the name of Ahaz has fallen out (1 Chronicles 9:41). The correspondence of the two lists appears to be too exact…

Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 9 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

35–38 (= 1 Chronicles 8:29-32). Benjamites living in Gibeon and in Jerusalem See notes on 1 Chronicles 8:29 ff. The passage is probably repeated here in ler to serve as an introduction to the story of the death of Saul.

Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 9 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

35-44. This register is substantially identical with that of 1 Chronicles 8:29-38, and is repeated here to form a transition to the account of Saul’s death, which the writer inserts, in chap.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Chronicles 9 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Mikloth was the father of Shimeam. They too lived alongside their relatives in Jerusalem.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Mikloth became the father of Shimeam. They also lived with their relatives in Jerusalem, near their relatives.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Mikloth was the father of Shimeam. They too lived alongside their relatives in Jerusalem.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Mikloth was the father of Shimeam. They also lived near their relatives in Jerusalem.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And Mikloth begat Shimeam. And they also dwelt with their brethren at Jerusalem, over against their brethren.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And Mikloth begat Shimeam. And they also dwelt with their brethren in Jerusalem, over against their brethren.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And Mikloth begat Shimeam. And they also dwelt with their brethren in Jerusalem, over against their brethren.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And Mikloth begat Shimeam. And they also dwelt with their brethren at Jerusalem, over against their brethren.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And Mikloth begate Shimeam: they also dwelt with their brethren at Ierusalem, euen by their brethren.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

and Mikloth begot Shimeam. And they also dwelt beside their brethren in Jerusalem, with their brethren.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And Mikloth begat Shimeam, and they also, over-against their brethren, have dwelt in Jerusalem with their brethren.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And Mikloth begot Shimeam, and they have also dwelt opposite their brothers—with their brothers in Jerusalem.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And Mikloth begat Shimam. And they also dwelt alongside of their brethren at Jerusalem, with their brethren.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Mikloth was the father of Shimeam. They also lived near their brothers in Jerusalem.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And Macelloth beget Samaan: these dwelt over against their brethren in Jerusalem, with their brethren.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Mikloth was the father of Shimeam. They also lived near their relatives in Jerusalem.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Mikloth was the father of Shimeam. They were living with their brothers in Jerusalem opposite their brothers.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וּandclausesubjectמִקְל֖וֹתMiklothverbהוֹלִ֣ידhe.fatherednoun phrase · objectאֶת(et)שִׁמְאָ֑םShimeamוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectאַףalsoהֵ֗םtheyprepositional phrase · prepositionalנֶ֧גֶדbeforenoun phraseאֲחֵיrelativesהֶ֛םtheirverbיָשְׁב֥וּthey.dweltprepositional phrase · prepositionalבִinירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖םJerusalemprepositional phrase · prepositionalעִםwithnoun phraseאֲחֵיrelativesהֶֽםtheir

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree, with nine of the twelve words matched in their respective translations. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of the text's meaning across these traditions.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וּמִקְל֖וֹת הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־ שִׁמְאָ֑ם וְאַף־ הֵ֗ם נֶ֧גֶד אֲחֵיהֶ֛ם יָשְׁב֥וּ בִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם עִם־ אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ ס

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וּמִקְל֖וֹתμακελλωθהוֹלִ֣ידἐγέννησενוְאַף־καὶהֵ֗םοὗτοιאֲחֵיהֶ֛םἀδελφῶνיָשְׁב֥וּκατῴκησανבִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖םιερουσαλημעִם־μετὰאֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ סἀδελφῶν

9 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

1 Chronicles 9:38מִקְלוֹתand Miklothand Miklothמִקְלוֹתיָלַדhe fatheredhe fatheredיָלַדאֵתthe object the object markאֵתשִׁמְאָםShimeamShimeamשִׁמְאָםאַףand alsoand alsoאַףהֵ֫מָּהtheytheyהֵ֫מָּהנֶ֫גֶדbeforebeforeנֶ֫גֶדאָחrelatives trelatives theirאָחיָשַׁבthey dweltthey dweltיָשַׁביְרוּשָׁלִַ֫in Jerusalein Jerusalemיְרוּשָׁלִַ֫עִםwithwithעִםאָחrelatives trelatives theirאָחאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתהֲלַךְto goto goהֲלַךְנָגַדto tellto tellנָגַדאָבfatherfatherאָבעָמַםto darkento darkenעָמַםמַקֵּלrodrodמַקֵּלשִׁמְאָהShimeahShimeahשִׁמְאָהאֲבִיָּ֫הוּAbijamAbijamאֲבִיָּ֫הוּיְרוּשְׁלֵםJerusalemJerusalemיְרוּשְׁלֵםיָרָאto shootto shootיָרָאעֵשָׂו(Mount) Es(Mount) EsauעֵשָׂויוֹסֵףJosephJosephיוֹסֵףמַחֲלֹ֫קֶתdivisiondivisionמַחֲלֹ֫קֶתיָלַדto begetto begetיָלַדשֶׁ֫לַחShelahShelahשֶׁ֫לַחהָרָהto conceivto conceiveהָרָהמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁבַּלnotnotבַּל
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 9:38

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
וּמִקְל֖וֹתu.mik.Lot and Mikloth H4732 Conjunction · noun proper masculine
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Mikloth refers to a person or place, such as a son of Jehiel, a Benjamite, and a leader in David's army, as mentioned in 1 Chronicles 27. The name means 'staves' or 'staffs'.
Amplified meaning
a leader in David's army, son of Jehiel
Tyndale gloss
Mikloth
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִקְלוֹת (Miqloth) refers to a Benjamite mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically as an officer in David's army and a descendant of Jehiel. The term is derived from a plural form meaning 'rods' and is associated with the place name Mikloth. It appears in 1 Chronicles 8:32 and 1 Chronicles 27:4.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִקְלוֹת n.pr.m.

a Benjamite

an officer of David

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4732 מִקְלוֹת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4732 Miqlowth mik-lohth'

(or perhaps mik-kel-ohth') plural of (feminine) 4731; rods;

Mikloth, a place in the Desert:--Mikloth.

see HEBREW for 04731

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִקְלוֹת (miq.lot) — Mikloth.

A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.8.32;

son of: Abiel (H0022) and Maacah (H4601N);

brother of: Kish (H7027), Ner (H5369), Abdon (H5658J), Zur (H6698I), Baal (H1168B), Nadab (H5070J), Gedor (H1446I), Ahio (H0283I) and Zecher (H2144);

father of: Shimeah (H8039)

§ Mikloth = "staves"

1) one of the sons of Jehiel, the father or prince of Gibeon by his wife Maachah; a Benjamite

2) leader of the 2nd division of David's army

מִקְלוֹת (miq.lot) — Mikloth.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.27.4

§ Mikloth = "staves"

1) one of the sons of Jehiel, the father or prince of Gibeon by his wife Maachah; a Benjamite

2) leader of the 2nd division of David's army

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculine
HC/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

mik'-loth, mik'-loth (miqloth):

(1) A Benjamite, son of Jeiel (1Ch 8:32; 9:37,38). A comparison of the two passages shows that the name Mikloth has been dropped at the end of 1Ch 8:31.

(2) An officer designated "the ruler," appointed in the priestly course for the 2nd month (1Ch 27:4).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Mikloth

Staves. (1.) An officer under Dodai, in the time of David and Solomon (1 Chr. 27:4).

(2.) A Benjamite (1 Chr. 8:32; 9:37, 38).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(staves). One of the sons of Jehiel, the father or prince of Gibeon, by his wife Maachah. (1 Chronicles 8:32; 9:37,38) The leader of the second division of David’s army. (1 Chronicles 27:4)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

little wants; little voices; looking downward

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
הוֹלִ֣ידho.Lid he fathered H3205 Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person masculine singular
496× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to give birth or beget a child, like when Eve gave birth to Cain in Genesis 4:1. It can also mean to help someone give birth, like a midwife. This word is used in many KJV translations, including Genesis and Isaiah.
Amplified meaning
to beget, give birth to
Tyndale gloss
to beget
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָלַד (*yalad*) means to bear, bring forth, or beget, and it encompasses various forms of childbirth and lineage declaration. It can refer to both the act of giving birth and the role of a midwife. The entries also note its use in contexts of distress and wicked behavior, as well as in reference to birthdays.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָלַד 497 vb. bear, bring forth, beget

Qal

bear, bring forth

less often beget

of both parents

Niph. be born

Pi. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife

Pu. be born

Hiph.

beget (a father a child)

bear

Hoph. day of one's being born = birthday

Hithp. declared their pedigree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3205 יָלַד bear, bring forth, beget .. bear, bring forth

. less often beget

. of both parents

. be born

. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife

. be born

. . beget (a father a child)

. bear

. day of one's being born = birthday

. declared their pedigree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3205 yalad yaw-lad'

a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget;

medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show

lineage:--bear, beget, birth((-day)), born, (make to) bring

forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be

delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch,

labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be

the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָלַד (ya.lad) — to beget.

1) to bear, bringforth, beget, gender, travail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to bear, bring forth

1a1a) of child birth

1a1b) of distress (simile)

1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)

1a2) to beget

1b) (Niphal) to be born

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to cause or help to bring forth

1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife

1c3) midwife (participle)

1d) (Pual) to be born

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to beget (a child)

1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity)

1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)

1g) (Hithpael) to declare one's birth (pedigree)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person masculine singular
HVhp3ms
and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
אֶת־'et- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
שִׁמְאָ֑םshim.'Am Shimeam H8043 Noun proper masculine
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Shimeam was an Israelite from the tribe of Benjamin, son of Mikloth, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 8:32 and 9:38. He is also known as Shimeah. His name means their fame. Shimeam lived during the Divided Monarchy period.
Amplified meaning
an Israelite from the tribe of Benjamin
Tyndale gloss
Shimeam
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שִׁמְאָם (Shim'am) refers to a man from the tribe of Benjamin, specifically the son of Mikloth. He is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 8:32 and also referred to as Shimeam in 1 Chronicles 9:38. The name is associated with the meaning "their fame" and is linked to another name, Shimeah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שִׁמְאָם n.pr.m. = foreg. [v.dw.ab], 1 Ch 9:38

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8043 שִׁמְאָם

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8043 Shim'am shim-awm'

for 8039 (compare 38); Shimam, an Israelite:--Shimeam.

see HEBREW for 08039

see HEBREW for 038

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שִׁמְאָם (shim.am) — Shimeam.

A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.8.32;

son of: Mikloth (H4732); also called Shimeam at 1Ch.9.38;

Another name of shim.ah (שִׁמְאָה "Shimeah" H8039)

§ Shimeam = "their fame"

1) a Benjamite, son of Mikloth

1a) also 'Shimeah'

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

shim'-e-am.

See SHIMEAH.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(their fame), a descendant of Jehiel, the founder or prince of Gibeon. (1 Chronicles 9:38) Called SHIMEAH in (1 Chronicles 8:32)

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See SHIMEAH, number one

and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
וְאַף־ve.'af- and also H637 Conjunction · particle
134× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'also' or 'addition', used to connect ideas or show a relationship between them, as seen in Genesis and Exodus. It can also mean 'though' or 'yet', indicating a contrast. This word is often used to add emphasis or provide more information.
Tyndale gloss
also
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אַף (aph) is a conjunction that indicates addition, often implying something greater. It can mean 'also,' 'yea,' or 'though,' and is used to connect ideas in a sentence. The entries highlight its use as both an adverb and conjunction, with a focus on its additive nature.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַף conj. denoting addition, esp. of something greater, also, yea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H637 אַף conj. denoting addition, esp. of something greater, also, yea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

637 'aph af

a primitive particle; meaning accession (used as an adverb or

conjunction); also or yea; adversatively though:--also, +

although, and (furthermore, yet), but, even, + how much less

(more, rather than), moreover, with, yea.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַף (aph) — also.

conj (denoting addition, esp of something greater)

1) also, yea, though, so much the more

adv

2) furthermore, indeed

Aramaic equivalent: aph (אַף "also" H0638)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Adv — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tj
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol'-so: In the Greek kai, when it is equivalent to "also" or "even," is always placed before the word or phrase which it is intended to emphasize (e.g. Ac 12:3; 1 Joh 4:21). Mt 6:14 should therefore read, "Your heavenly Father will forgive you also"; Lu 6:13, "Whom also he named apostles"; Heb 8:6, "The mediator of a better covenant also"; and 1Th 4:14, `If we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also (we believe that) those who are fallen asleep in Jesus, God will bring with Him.'

and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
הֵ֗םHem they H1992 Pronoun
553× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to refer to a group of men, emphasizing that it is specifically them. It is often translated as 'they' or 'them' in the Bible, and appears in books like Exodus and Isaiah.
Amplified meaning
the family, relatives
Tyndale gloss
they(masc.)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֵ֫מָּה (hemmah) is a masculine plural pronoun meaning 'they.' The entries indicate that it can also mean 'these,' 'the same,' or refer to people in an emphatic context. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its usage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֵ֫מָּה and הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) pron. 3 pl. masc. they

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1992 הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) they

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1992 hem haym

or (prolonged) hemmah {haym'-maw}; masculine plural from

1981; they (only used when emphatic):--it, like, X (how, so)

many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, X so, X such,

their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye.

see HEBREW for 01981

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֵ֫מָּה (hem.mah) — they(masc.).

they, these, the same, who

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp3mp
and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
נֶ֧גֶדNe.ged before H5048 Prep
151× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Before or in front of something, as in Genesis 18:22 where Abraham stands before the Lord. It describes a position of being face to face or in someone's presence.
Amplified meaning
with, together, near
Tyndale gloss
before
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נֶ֫גֶד (neged) refers to something that is conspicuous or in front, functioning as both a noun and an adverb. It denotes a position opposite or before someone, often used to indicate presence or visibility. The word can imply a counterpart or mate, and it appears in contexts emphasizing sight or proximity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶ֫גֶד 151 subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5048 נֶ֫גֶד subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5048 neged neh'-ghed

from 5046; a front, i.e. part opposite; specifically a

counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with

preposition) over against or before:--about, (over) against,

X aloof, X far (off), X from, over, presence, X other side,

sight, X to view.

see HEBREW for 05046

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶ֫גֶד (ne.ged) — before.

subst

1) what is conspicuous, what is in front of

adv

2) in front of, straight forward, before, in sight of

3) in front of oneself, straightforward

4) before your face, in your view or purpose

with prep

5) what is in front of, corresponding to

6) in front of, before

7) in the sight or presence of

8) parallel to

9) over, for

10) in front, opposite

11) at a distance

prep

12) from the front of, away from

13) from before the eyes of, opposite to, at a distance from

14) from before, in front of

15) as far as the front of

Aramaic equivalent: ne.ged (נֶ֫גֶד "before" H5049)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Prep
HAcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

be-for': The translation of a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. "Haran died before (the English Revised Version "in the presence of," literally "before the face of") his father Terah" (Ge 11:28). To be "before" God is to enjoy His favor (Ps 31:22). "The Syrians before" (Isa 9:12 the Revised Version, margin "on the east," as "behind," owing to the position of Canaan, relative to Syria, implies the west).

and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
אֲחֵיהֶ֛ם'a.chei.Hem relatives their H251 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
630× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a brother or male sibling, but it can also refer to a close relative, friend, or someone with a similar relationship. It is used to describe the bond between brothers, like the relationship between Cain and Abel in Genesis.
Amplified meaning
brothers, male siblings, close friends
Tyndale gloss
brother: male-sibling
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָח (ach) means 'brother' and encompasses a broad range of relationships, including literal siblings, half-brothers, and metaphorical kinship. It can refer to any male relative or compatriot, and it may also imply resemblance or reciprocal relationships. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, highlighting both familial and figurative connections.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָח 630 n.m. brother

brother, born of same mother (& father)

indef. = relative

fig. of resemblance

in phr. one … another

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H251 אָח brother

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

251 'ach awkh

a primitive word; a brother (used in the widest sense of

literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance

(like 1)):--another, brother(-ly); kindred, like, other.

Compare also the proper names beginning with "Ah-" or "Ahi-".

see HEBREW for 01

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָח (ach) — brother: male-sibling.

: male-sibling

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

אָח (ach) — brother: male-relative.

: male-relative

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

אָח (ach) — brother: compatriot.

: compatriot

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3mp
and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
יָשְׁב֥וּya.she.Vu they dwelt H3427 Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
1,079× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to sit or dwell, and can also mean to remain or abide. It's used in the Bible to describe people living in a place or staying with someone, like in the book of Genesis.
Amplified meaning
to dwell, remain, abide
Tyndale gloss
to dwell
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell

Qal

sit

sit, sit down

sit down

sit = be set (as a jewel)

remain, stay, tarry

with special emphasis of qualifying phr.

dwell, have one’s abode

of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited

Niph. be inhabited, of land

Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee

Hiph.

cause to sit

cause to abide

cause to dwell

cause cities to be inhabited

marry (prop. give a dwelling to)

Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3427 yashab yaw-shab'

a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as

judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to

remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)

abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease

self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)

inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),

(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),

(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),

take, tarry.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.

1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to sit, sit down

1a2) to be set

1a3) to remain, stay

1a4) to dwell, have one's abode

1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited

1c) (Piel) to set, place

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to sit

1d2) to cause to abide, set

1d3) to cause to dwell

1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited

1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be inhabited

1e2) to make to dwell

Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
HVqp3cp
and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
בִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖םvi.ru.sha.Lim in Jerusalem H3389 Preposition · noun proper
643× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Jerusalem is the capital city of Palestine, also known as the city of peace. It was the chief city of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split.
Amplified meaning
the city of peace, capital of Palestine, over against, before, in front of
Tyndale gloss
Jerusalem
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫͏ם (Yruwshalaim) refers to Jerusalem, the capital city of Palestine. The name is thought to derive from terms meaning 'founded peaceful' and is linked to its two main hills. It is described as the chief city of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫͏ם, יְרוּשָׁלַ֫יִם 644 n.pr.loc. Jerusalem

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3389 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫͏ם, יְרוּשָׁלַ֫יִם Jerusalem

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3389 Yruwshalaim yer-oo-shaw-lah'-im

rarely Yruwshalayim {yer-oo- shaw-lah'-yim}; a dual (in

allusion to its two main hills (the true pointing, at least of

the former reading, seems to be that of 3390)); probably from

(the passive participle of) 3384 and 7999; founded peaceful;

Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of

Palestine:--Jerusalem.

see HEBREW for 03390

see HEBREW for 03384

see HEBREW for 07999

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם (ye.ru.sha.laim) — Jerusalem.

§ Jerusalem = "teaching of peace"

the chief city of Palestine and capital of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper
HR/Npl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

je-roo'-sa-lem:

I. THE NAME

1. In Cuneiform

2. In Hebrew

3. In Greek and Latin

4. The Meaning of Jerusalem

5. Other Names

II. GEOLOGY, CLIMATE AND SPRINGS

1. Geology

2. Climate and Rainfall

3. The Natural Springs

III. THE NATURAL SITE

1. The Mountains Around

2. The Valleys

3. The Hills

IV. GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY OF JERUSALEM

1. Description of Josephus

2. Summary of the Names of the Five Hills

3. The Akra

4. The Lower City

5. City of David and Zion

V. EXCAVATIONS AND ANTIQUITIES

1. Robinson

2. Wilson, and the Palestine Exploration Fund (1865)

3. Warren and Conder

4. Maudslay

5. Schick

6. Clermont-Ganneau

7. Bliss and Dickie

8. Jerusalem Archaeological Societies

VI. THE CITY'S WALLS AND GATES

1. The Existing Walls

2. Wilson's Theory

3. The Existing Gates

4. Buried Remains of Earlier Walls

5. The Great Dam of the Tyropoeon

6. Ruins of Ancient Gates

7. Josephus' Description of the Walls

8. First Wall

9. Second Wall

10. Third Wall

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Jerusalem

Called also Salem, Ariel, Jebus, the “city of God,” the “holy city;” by the modern Arabs el-Khuds, meaning “the holy;” once “the city of Judah” (2 Chr. 25:28). This name is in the original in the dual form, and means “possession of peace,” or “foundation of peace.” The dual form probably refers to the two mountains on which it was built, viz., Zion and Moriah; or, as some suppose, to the two parts of the city, the “upper” and the “lower city.” Jerusalem is a “mountain city enthroned on a mountain fastness” (comp. Ps. 68:15, 16; 87:1; 125:2; 76:1, 2; 122:3). It stands on the edge of one of the highest table-lands in Palestine, and is surrounded on the south-eastern, the southern, and the western sides by deep and precipitous ravines.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(the habitation of peace), Jerusalem stands in latitude 31 degrees 46’ 35" north and longitude 35 degrees 18’ 30" east of Greenwich. It is 32 miles distant from the sea and 18 from the Jordan, 20 from Hebron and 36 from Samaria. "In several respects," says Dean Stanley, "its situation is singular among the cities of Palestine. Its elevation is remarkable; occasioned not from its being on the summit of one of the numerous hills of Judea, like most of the towns and villages, but because it is on the edge of one of the highest table-lands of the country. Hebron indeed is higher still by some hundred feet, and from the south, accordingly (even from Bethlehem), the approach to Jerusalem is by a slight descent. But from any other side the ascent is perpetual; and to the traveller approaching the city from the east or west it must always have presented the appearance beyond any other capital…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The chief city of the Holy Land, and to the Christian the most illustrious in the world. It is situated in 31 degrees 46’43" N. lat., and 35 degrees 13’ E. long. on elevated ground south of the center of the country, about thirty-seven miles from the Mediterranean, and about twenty-four from the Jordan. Its site was early hallowed by God’s trial of Abraham’s faith, Ge 22:1-24 2Ch 3:1. It was on the border of the tribes of Benjamin and Judah, mostly within the limits of the former, but reckoned as belonging to the latter, because conquered by it, Jos 15:8 18:16,28 Jud 1:18. The most ancient name of the city was Salem, Ge…

and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
עִם־'im- with H5973 Preposition
1,052× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means with or together, like when God is with his people in Exodus 33:14-15. It's used to describe accompaniment or association, and can also mean against or beside. The word is used to convey a sense of relationship or proximity between people or things.
Tyndale gloss
with
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עִם (im) is a preposition meaning 'with' and covers a range of relationships, including companionship, locality, and possession. It can imply actions done jointly, equality, or even opposition in contexts like combat. The related form מֵעִם (me.im) means 'from with' or 'beside.' The entries reflect various nuances but do not present significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עִם prep. with

of fellowship and companionship

of aid

Of actions done jointly with another

If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, with in the sense of against

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another

Of a common lot together with the wicked

Of equality or resemblance generally aid

Of time, as long as

Of a locality, close to, beside

Of persons, עִם is spec.

in the house or family or service of

In possession of

In the custody or care of

Beside = except

With = friendly with

Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one

Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding

base

מֵעִם 72 from with or beside

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5973a עִם with . of fellowship and companionship

. Of a locality, close to, beside

. Of persons, עִם is spec. . in the house or family or service of

. In possession of

. In the custody or care of

. Beside = except

. With = friendly with

. Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one

. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding

H5973b מֵעִם from with, beside

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5973 `im eem

from 6004; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction

with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with;

often with prepositional prefix (and then usually

unrepresented in English):--accompanying, against, and, as (X

long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from

(among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-)to,

with(-al).

see HEBREW for 06004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עִם (im) — with.

1) with

1a) with

1b) against

1c) toward

1d) as long as

מֵעִם (me.im) — from with.

1a) beside, except

1b) in spite of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
and Mikloth he fathered the object marker Shimeam and also they before relatives their they dwelt in Jerusalem with relatives their
אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ ס'a.chei.Hem relatives their H251 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
630× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a brother or male sibling, but it can also refer to a close relative, friend, or someone with a similar relationship. It is used to describe the bond between brothers, like the relationship between Cain and Abel in Genesis.
Tyndale gloss
brother: male-sibling
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָח (ach) means 'brother' and encompasses a broad range of relationships, including literal siblings, half-brothers, and metaphorical kinship. It can refer to any male relative or compatriot, and it may also imply resemblance or reciprocal relationships. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, highlighting both familial and figurative connections.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָח 630 n.m. brother

brother, born of same mother (& father)

indef. = relative

fig. of resemblance

in phr. one … another

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H251 אָח brother

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

251 'ach awkh

a primitive word; a brother (used in the widest sense of

literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance

(like 1)):--another, brother(-ly); kindred, like, other.

Compare also the proper names beginning with "Ah-" or "Ahi-".

see HEBREW for 01

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָח (ach) — brother: male-sibling.

: male-sibling

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

אָח (ach) — brother: male-relative.

: male-relative

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

אָח (ach) — brother: compatriot.

: compatriot

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpc/Sp3mp — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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