Daniel 11:32 — Word Study
WLCוּמַרְשִׁיעֵ֣י בְרִ֔ית יַחֲנִ֖יף בַּחֲלַקּ֑וֹת וְעַ֛ם יֹדְעֵ֥י אֱלֹהָ֖יו יַחֲזִ֥קוּ וְעָשֽׂוּ׃
BSAWith flatterychălaqqâh△ [smooth and deceitful] he will corruptchânêph▸ [lead astray, pollute] those who violaterâshaʻ [wickedly, unfaithfully, break, abandon] the covenantbᵉrîyth [promise, agreement] but the peopleʻam [nation, community] who knowyâdaʻ [are intimately acquainted with, understand] their Godʼĕlôhîym [Elohim, the supreme Lord] will firmlychâzaq▸ [with strength, courageously] resist [him]ʻâsâh [stand against, oppose]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּמַרְשִׁיעֵ֣י | and [those who] act wickedly of | Conjunction, verb hiphil participle (active) masculine plural common |
| בְרִ֔ית | [the] covenant | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| יַחֲנִ֖יף | he will pollute | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| בַּחֲלַקּ֑וֹת | with flattering [words] | Preposition |
| וְעַ֛ם | and a people | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| יֹדְעֵ֥י | [which] knows | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural common |
| אֱלֹהָ֖יו | God its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| יַחֲזִ֥קוּ | they will display strength | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| וְעָשֽׂוּ׃ | and they will act | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | With flattery he will corrupt those who violate the covenant, but the people who know their God will firmly resist him. |
| KJV | And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by flatteries: but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do exploits. |
| ASV | And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he pervert by flatteries; but the people that know their God shall be strong, and do exploits. |
| YLT | And those acting wickedly [against] the covenant, he defileth by flatteries; and the people knowing their God are strong, and have wrought. |
| WEB | He will corrupt those who do wickedly against the covenant by flatteries; but the people who know their God will be strong and take action. |
| BBE | And those who do evil against the agreement will be turned to sin by his fair words: but the people who have knowledge of their God will be strong and do well. |
Translations agree on the rendering of the key terms in this verse.
The sentence is structured around a main clause that introduces the antagonist's actions, followed by a contrasting clause that highlights the response of God's people.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbחָנֵף
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 9 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 11:32
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Prophecy of the Wicked Leadergenerated
Daniel 11:32 describes a time of great moral decline where a leader will use deceitful tactics to corrupt those who break the covenant with God. In contrast, those who are intimately acquainted with God will stand firm against this corruption. This passage warns of the challenges faced by the faithful in times of trial, similar to the experiences of the Maccabees as noted in historical accounts.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 19:5 | A false witness will not go unpunished, and one who utters lies will not escape. |
| 2 | Proverbs 26:28 | A lying tongue hates those it crushes, and a flattering mouth causes ruin. |
| 3 | 2 Thessalonians 2:9–12 | The coming of the lawless one will be accompanied by the working of Satan, with every kind of power, sign, and false wonder, |
| 4 | Revelation 13:12–15 | And this beast exercised all the authority of the first beast and caused the earth and those who dwell in it to worship the first beast, whose mortal wound had been healed. |
| 5 | 1 Chronicles 28:9 | As for you, Solomon my son, know the God of your father and serve Him wholeheartedly and with a willing mind, for the LORD searches every heart and understands the intent of every thought. If you seek Him, He will be found by you; but if you forsake Him, He will reject you forever. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 23 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חָנֵף, ya.cha.Nifgenerated
The Hebrew verb חָנֵף (chaneph) means to pollute or corrupt, particularly in a moral sense. It conveys the idea of defilement and is often used in contexts involving ethical degradation. The parsing tells us this is a third person masculine singular verb in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing action.
In this verse, it describes how the antagonist will use flattery to lead astray those who violate the covenant. The implication is that such deceit is a tactic to undermine the faithfulness of God's people.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is יַחֲנִ֖יף, he will pollute, which governs the actions described in the clauses that follow. The structure emphasizes the contrast between the actions of the wicked and the response of the faithful.
The sentence begins with a prepositional phrase בַחֲלַקּ֑וֹת (with flattering), setting the tone for the deceitful actions that will ensue. This is followed by the subject וְעַ֛ם (and a people) who are described as knowing their God.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew חָנֵף is rendered as μιανοῦσιν, which also conveys the idea of polluting or corrupting. This choice reflects a consistent understanding of moral degradation.
The translation of בְרִית as ἁμαρτίαις in the Septuagint suggests a broader interpretation, linking the concept of covenant with transgressions or sins.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 11:32 describes how a wicked leader will use flattery to corrupt those who break the covenant. However, those who know God will stand firm against him. This verse highlights the importance of knowing God in order to resist deceit and corruption.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
To violate the covenant means to break the promises made between God and His people, often involving unfaithfulness or disobedience.
Knowing God deeply allows individuals to understand His character and will, providing strength and guidance to resist temptations and deceit.
Flattery can manipulate individuals into compromising their values and beliefs, leading them away from their commitments and integrity.
The 'people' refers to those who are faithful to God, who understand His ways and stand firm against corruption.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I seen flattery used to manipulate others?
- How can I deepen my knowledge of God to better resist temptation?
- What are some practical steps I can take to stand firm in my faith?
- How does understanding the covenant help me in my relationship with God?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers comment on this verse, discussing the moral implications of the actions described and the faithfulness of God's people in times of trial.
Verse 32. "And ungodly men shall deceitfully dissemble against the covenant. But the people who know their God shall prevail and succeed." And in Maccabees we read that there were some who, to be sure,Early Church Fathers on Daniel 11 →
He means the events in the time of the Maccabees: Judas, Simon and John.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 11 →
He speaks enigmatically here about those around the blessed Mattathias, who was the first to oppose the decrees of Antiochus and to seek solitude with his sons; he took the field with few soldiers and prevailed against Antiochus’s generals.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 11 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 11:32 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd such as do wickedly against the covenant shall be corrupted by flatteries,.... That forsook the law of God, the book of the covenant, and did things contrary to it; and particularly violated the
Read John Gill on Daniel 11 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by flatteries: but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do exploits.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 11 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBy gifts, preferments, and promises he drew away great multitudes of this wretched people of Judea, always bent to backsliding, to his idolatrous and heathenish practices and interest: but they that adhere to the true worship of God, and are zealous for it, shall scorn Antiochus’ s gifts, and abhor his ways, and defy his force, not loving their lives to the death; as you have many instances, /APC ,63; /APC 2Mac 5$ 6$ 7$ 8$; and also how Judas Maccabeus and his few followers did exploits against Nicanor and others.
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 11 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 11:32 And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by flatteries: but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do [exploits].Ver. 32. And such as do wickedly against the covenant.] Apostates sin not common sins, as Korah and his complices died not common deaths. Forsakers of the covenant will soon become wicked doers against the covenant, as here, till they become altogether filthy. “ - non debet aratro, Dignum opus exercens, vultum in sua terga referre. ” - Sedulius. But the people that do know their God.] The faithful Hassideans and zealots, who know and worship their God aright, these shall persevere, and overcome all allurements and fears of the…
Read John Trapp on Daniel 11 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(32) Such as do wickedly.—In these verses are traced the effects of the apostasy upon the people of God. These persons have been already spoken of in Daniel 11:30. They had begun with indifference to true religion, they have now become intolerant of it. Corrupt.—Literally, make profane. On the Hebrew notion of profanity, see Cheyne’s Isaiah, vol. 1, p. 3. These persons have now become as the heathen. (See 1Ma 2:17-18.) But the people. . . .—While the large mass of people becomes obedient to the persecutor, there is a party of true believers remaining, who are “strong,” or rather, confirm the covenant, and “do,” i.e., succeed in their attempt. That such a party existed in the time of…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 11 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 32. Such as do wickedly against the covenant] This if understood of the Christian Jews; for the NEW had now succeeded to the OLD, the whole of the Jewish ritual having been abolished, and Jerusalem filled with heathen temples. And he-the Roman power, did all he could by flatteries, as well as threats, to corrupt the Christians, and cause them to sacrifice to the statues of the emperors. But the people that do know their God] The genuine Christians. Shall be strong] Shall be strengthened by his grace and Spirit. And do exploits.] Continue steadfast in all temptations, hold fast their faith, and enjoy a good conscience.
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 11 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges32. And such as do wickedly (Daniel 9:5, Daniel 12:10) against the covenant] the disloyal Jews. shall he make profane (Jeremiah 23:11)] by abetting them in their designs, he will lead them from bad to worse. In Syr. the root here used acquired the special sense of gentile (e.g. Matthew 6:7; Matthew 18:17, Pesh.), apostate, and represents, for instance, Hellenic, Greek (2Ma 4:10; 2Ma 11:24, Pesh.); and possibly the word may have the definite sense of make apostates here (cf. R.V. pervert). by flatteries] by specious representations, or promises, pointing out for example the advantages that would accrue to those who renounced their Judaism. Cf. the promises held out (1Ma 2:18) to Mattathias…
Read Cambridge on Daniel 11 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd such as do wickedly against the covenant - That is, among the Jews. They who apostatized, and who became willing to receive the religion of foreigners. There “was” such a party in Jerusalem, and it was numerous.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 11 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
With flattery he will corrupt those who violate the covenant, but the people who know their God will firmly resist him.
He will corrupt those who do wickedly against the covenant by flatteries; but the people who know their God will be strong and take action.
With flattery he will corrupt those who violate the covenant, but the people who know their God will firmly resist him.
Then with smooth words he will defile those who have rejected the covenant. But the people who are loyal to their God will act valiantly.
Tyndale line
And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by flatteries: but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do exploits.
And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he pervert by flatteries; but the people that know their God shall be strong, and do exploits.
And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he pervert by flatteries: but the people that know their God shall be strong, and do exploits.
And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by flatteries: but the people that know their God shall be strong, and do exploits .
And such as wickedly breake ye couenant, shall he cause to sinne by flatterie: but the people that do know their God, shall preuaile and prosper.
Strictly literal
And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he pervert by flatteries; but the people that know their God shall be strong, and shall act.
And those acting wickedly [against] the covenant, he defileth by flatteries; and the people knowing their God are strong, and have wrought.
And those acting wickedly [against] the covenant, he defiles by flatteries; and the people knowing their God are strong, and have worked.
And such as act wickedly against the covenant will he corrupt by flatteries; but the people that do know their God will be strong, and deal [valiantly].
As for those who acted wickedly against the covenant, he will deceive them and corrupt them. But the people who know their God will be strong and will take action.
From the Latin
And such as deal wickedly against the covenant shall deceitfully dissemble: but the people that know their God shall prevail and succeed.
Simplified
The king will use flattery to corrupt those who break the solemn agreement, but the people who know their God will stand firm in their resistance.
And those who do evil against the agreement will be turned to sin by his fair words: but the people who have knowledge of their God will be strong and do well.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text (MT) of Daniel 11:32 states, "וּמַרְשִׁיעֵ֣י בְרִ֔ית יַחֲנִ֖יף בַּחֲלַקּ֑וֹת וְעַ֛ם יֹדְעֵ֥י אֱלֹהָ֖יו יַחֲזִ֥קוּ וְעָשֽׂוּ׃" The Septuagint (LXX) agrees with the MT in meaning, as it matches 9 out of 9 words in a word-by-word correspondence, although the Greek translation has its own sentence structure and articles. This indicates a strong textual agreement between the MT and LXX for this verse. No significant differences are noted in the Samaritan Pentateuch or the Dead Sea Scrolls for this verse, suggesting a consistent transmission of the text across these ancient witnesses.
וּמַרְשִׁיעֵ֣י בְרִ֔ית יַחֲנִ֖יף בַּחֲלַקּ֑וֹת וְעַ֛ם יֹדְעֵ֥י אֱלֹהָ֖יו יַחֲזִ֥קוּ וְעָשֽׂוּ׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 11:32
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
רָשַׁע (rasha`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be wicked or to act wickedly. It covers various aspects of wrongdoing, including being guilty and condemning others in both civil and ethical contexts. The entries indicate a distinction between its basic meaning of wickedness and its implications of guilt and condemnation.
[רָשַׁע] vb. denom. be wicked, act wickedly
Qal
be wicked, act wickedly
be guilty
Hiph.
condemn as guilty, in civil relations
condemn as guilty, in ethical and religious relations
act wickedly, in ethics and religious
base
H7561 רָשַׁע vb. denom. be wicked, act wickedly .. be wicked, act wickedly
. be guilty
. . condemn as guilty, in civil relations
. condemn as guilty, in ethical and religious relations
. act wickedly, in ethics and religious
7561 rasha` raw-shah'
a primitive root; to be (causatively, do or declare) wrong;
by implication, to disturb, violate:--condemn, make trouble,
vex, be (commit, deal, depart, do) wicked(-ly, -ness).
רָשַׁע (ra.sah) — be wicked.
1) to be wicked, act wickedly
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be wicked, act wickedly
1a2) to be guilty, be condemned
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to condemn as guilty (in civil relations)
1b2) to condemn as guilty (in ethical or religious relations)
1b3) to act wickedly (in ethics and religion)
Conj | V-Hiphil — Conjunction · verb hiphil participle (active) masculine plural commonHC/Vhrmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
בְּרִית (berith) means 'covenant' and encompasses agreements between individuals, such as treaties and alliances, as well as divine covenants between God and humanity. It is derived from a root meaning 'to cut,' suggesting the seriousness of such agreements. The term appears in various contexts, including friendships, marriages, and formal ordinances.
בְּרִית 285 n.f. covenant
between men.
treaty, alliance, league
constitution, ordinance, between monarch and subjects
agreement, pledge
alliance of friendship between David and Jonathan
alliance of marriage
between God and man.
alliance of friendship
covenant, as a divine constitution or ordinance with signs or pledges
Phrases.
covenant making
covenant keeping
covenant violation
base
H1285 בְּרִית covenant . between men. . treaty, alliance, league
. constitution, ordinance, between monarch and subjects
. agreement, pledge
. alliance of friendship between David and Jonathan
. alliance of marriage
. between God and man. . alliance of friendship
. covenant, as a divine constitution or ordinance with signs or pledges
. Phrases. . covenant making
. covenant keeping
. covenant violation
1285 briyth ber-eeth'
from 1262 (in the sense of cutting (like 1254)); a compact
(because made by passing between pieces of
flesh):--confederacy, (con-)feder(-ate), covenant, league.
see HEBREW for 01262
see HEBREW for 01254
בְּרִית (be.rit) — covenant.
1) covenant, alliance, pledge
1a) between men
1a1) treaty, alliance, league (man to man)
1a2) constitution, ordinance (monarch to subjects)
1a3) agreement, pledge (man to man)
1a4) alliance (of friendship)
1a5) alliance (of marriage)
1b) between God and man
1b1) alliance (of friendship)
1b2) covenant (divine ordinance with signs or pledges)
2) (phrases)
2a) covenant making
2b) covenant keeping
2c) covenant violation
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
Covenant
A contract or agreement between two parties. In the Old Testament the Hebrew word berith is always thus translated. Berith is derived from a root which means “to cut,” and hence a covenant is a “cutting,” with reference to the cutting or dividing of animals into two parts, and the contracting parties passing between them, in making a covenant (Gen. 15; Jer. 34:18, 19).
The corresponding word in the New Testament Greek is diatheke, which is, however, rendered “testament” generally in the Authorized Version. It ought to be rendered, just as the word berith of the Old Testament, “covenant.”
This word is used (1) of a covenant or compact between man and man (Gen. 21:32), or between tribes or nations (1 Sam.…
The Heb. berith means primarily "a cutting," with reference to the custom of cutting or dividing animals in two and passing between the parts in ratifying a covenant. (Genesis 15; Jeremiah 34:18,19) In the New Testament the corresponding word is diathece (diatheke), which is frequently translated testament in the Authorized Version. In its biblical meaning two parties the word is used-- Of a covenant between God and man; e.g. God covenanted with Noah, after the flood, that a like judgment should not be repeated. It is not precisely like a covenant between men, but was a promise or agreement by God. The principal covenants are the covenant of works --God promising to save and bless men on condition of perfect obedience --and the covenant of grace , or God’s promise to save men on condition of their believing in Christ and receiving…
The word testamentum is often used in Latin to express the Hebrew word which signifies covenant; whence the titles, Old and New Testaments, are used to denote the old and new covenants. See TESTAMENT.
A covenant is properly an agreement between two parties. Where one of the parties is infinitely superior to the other, as in a covenant between God and man, there God’s covenant assumes the nature of a promise, Isa 59:21 Jer 31:33,34 Ga 3:15-18. The first covenant with the Hebrews was made when the Lord chose Abraham and his posterity for his people; a second covenant, or a solemn renewal of the former, was made at Sinai, comprehending all who observe the law of Moses. The "new covenant" of which Christ is the Mediator and…
→ Sacred Jos 9:18-21; Ga 3:15
→ Binding Jos 9:18-20; Jer 34:8-21; Eze 17:14-18; Ga 3:15
→ Binding, not only on those who make them, but on those who are represented De 29:14,15
חָנֵף (chaneph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be polluted or profane, particularly in a moral sense. It can refer to being defiled or corrupt, and is used in contexts involving prophets and priests. The root conveys a strong sense of moral degradation, with entries indicating both its Qal (to be polluted) and Hiphil (to pollute) forms.
[חָנֵף] vb. be polluted, profane
Qal
be polluted
of prophet and priest = profane, godless
Hiph.
pollute
make profane, godless
base
H2610 [חָנֵף] be polluted, profane .. be polluted
. of prophet and priest = profane, godless
. . pollute
. make profane, godless
2610 chaneph khaw-nafe'
a primitive root; to soil, especially in a moral
sense:--corrupt, defile, X greatly, pollute, profane.
חָנֵף (cha.neph) — to pollute.
1) to be profaned, be defiled, be polluted, be corrupt
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be polluted
1a2) to be profane, be godless
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to pollute
1b2) to make profane, make godless, cause to be defiled
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine singularHVhi3ms
חֲלַקָּה (chalaqqah) is a feminine noun derived from the root word meaning 'to divide' or 'to smooth.' It encompasses the concepts of smoothness and flattery, often referring to fine promises. The term appears in the context of Daniel 11:32, where it relates to deceptive speech.
[חֲלַקָּה] n.f. smoothness, flattery, only pl. abs.: fine promises, Dn 11:32
ref
H2514 חֲלַקָּה
2514 chalaqqah khal-ak-kaw'
feminine from 2505; flattery:--flattery.
see HEBREW for 02505
חֲלַקָּה (cha.laq.qah) — flattery.
flattery, smoothness, fine promises
Prep | Adj — PrepositionHR/Aafpa
עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.
עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people
a people, nation
= smaller units
= common people
people in gen., persons
phrases
base
[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)
base
H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)
5971 `am am
from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a
tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or
attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,
people.
see HEBREW for 06004
עַם (am) — people.
: people/nation
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — kinsman.
kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Ammi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — People's (Gate).
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.
Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Amaw.
This name means nation, people
עַם (am) — people: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — people: creatures.
: creatures
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…
יָדַע (yada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to know,' encompassing a wide range of senses including perception, recognition, and experience. It can refer to knowing someone intimately or being skilled in a task. The word has various forms, indicating actions such as making known or being made known. Lexicons note its use in both literal and figurative contexts, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
יָדַע 943 vb. know
Qal
know, learn to know
perceive
perceive and see; find out and discern
discriminate, distinguish
know by experience
recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
consider
not know = not expect
know a person, be acquainted with
know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
be skilful in
abs. have knowledge, be wise
Niph.
be made known, be or become known, of things
make oneself known of pers.
be perceived
be instructed
Pi. cause to know
Pu. known
Hiph. make known, declare
Hoph. made known
Hithp. make oneself known
base
H3045 יָדַע know .. . know, learn to know
. perceive
. perceive and see; find out and discern
. discriminate, distinguish
. know by experience
. recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
. consider
. not know = not expect
. know a person, be acquainted with
. know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
. . know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
. be skilful in
. abs. have knowledge, be wise
. . be made known, be or become known, of things
. make oneself known of pers.
. be perceived
. be instructed
. cause to know
. known
. make known, declare
. made known
. make oneself known
3045 yada` yaw-dah'
a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing);
used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally,
euphemistically and inferentially (including observation,
care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation,
punishment, etc.) (as follow):--acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted
with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware,
(un-)awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, X
could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to)
discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel,
can have, be (ig-)norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause
to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have
(knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, + be
learned, + lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, X
prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man
of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell,
יָדַע (ya.da) — to know.
1) to know
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to know
1a1a) to know, learn to know
1a1b) to perceive
1a1c) to perceive and see, find out and discern
1a1d) to discriminate, distinguish
1a1e) to know by experience
1a1f) to recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess
1a1g) to consider
1a2) to know, be acquainted with
1a3) to know (a person carnally)
1a4) to know how, be skilful in
1a5) to have knowledge, be wise
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be made known, be or become known, be revealed
1b2) to make oneself known
1b3) to be perceived
1b4) to be instructed
1c) (Piel) to cause to know
1d) (Poal) to cause to know
1e) (Pual)
1e1) to be known
1e2) known, one known, acquaintance (participle)
1f) (Hiphil) to make known, declare
1g) (Hophal) to be made known
1h) (Hithpael) to make oneself known, reveal oneself
Aramaic equivalent: ye.da (יְדַע "to know" H3046)
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural commonHVqrmpc
אֱלֹהִים (elohiym) is a plural noun meaning 'gods' or 'God,' often referring to the supreme deity in the Old Testament. It encompasses divine beings, rulers, and judges, reflecting divine majesty and power. The term can also denote angels and is used in a superlative sense. Notably, it is sometimes combined with יהוה (YHWH), the personal name of God.
אֱלֹהִים 2570 n.m.pl.
pl. in number.
rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power
divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels
angels
gods
pl. intensive
god or goddess
godlike one
works of God, or things belongng to him
God
הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God
אֱלֹהִים = God
base
H430 אֱלֹהִים n. m. pl. . pl. in number. . rulers, judges, either asdivine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power
. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels
. angels
. gods
. pl. intensive . god or goddess
. godlike one
. works of God, or things belongng to him
. God
. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God
. אֱלֹהִים = God
430 'elohiym el-o-heem'
plural of 433; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically
used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the
supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to
magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative:--angels, X
exceeding, God (gods)(-dess, -ly), X (very) great, judges, X
mighty.
see HEBREW for 0433
אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — God.
This name means "gods" (plural intensive-singular meaning), "God"
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (LORD)-Elohe.
Combined with ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068)
אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (Gibeath)-elohim.
Combined with giv.ah (גִּבְעָה "Gibeath" H1389)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word חָזַק (chazaq) means to be strong or to strengthen. It encompasses a range of meanings including to support, encourage, and make firm, as well as to seize or hold fast. The word can be used in various forms, such as to strengthen oneself or to display strength. There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.
חָזַק 291 vb. be or grow firm, strong, strengthen
Qal
intrans. be or grow strong
transit. only strengthened him not
Pi.
make strong (physically)
strengthen the hands (acc.) of anyone, sustain, encourage
make strong = bold, encourage
make firm
make rigid, hard, i.e. perverse, obstinate, harden
Hiph.
make strong, strengthen
make firm, the kingdom
display strength
make severe, of battle
support
= repair
prevail
esp. take or keep hold of, seize, grasp
Hithp.
strengthen oneself
put forth strength, use one's strength
withstand
hold strongly with
base
H2388 חָזַק be or grow firm, strong, strengthen .. intrans. be or grow strong
. transit. only strengthened him not
. . make strong (physically)
. strengthen the hands (acc.) of anyone, sustain, encourage
. make strong = bold, encourage
. make firm
. make rigid, hard, i.e. perverse, obstinate, harden
. . . make strong, strengthen
. make firm, the kingdom
. display strength
. make severe, of battle
. support
. = repair
. prevail
. esp. take or keep hold of, seize, grasp
. . strengthen oneself
. put forth strength, use one's strength
. withstand
. hold strongly with
2388 chazaq khaw-zak'
a primitive root; to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong
(figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help,
repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restrain, conquer:--aid,
amend, X calker, catch, cleave, confirm, be constant,
constrain, continue, be of good (take) courage(-ous, -ly),
encourage (self), be established, fasten, force, fortify, make
hard, harden, help, (lay) hold (fast), lean, maintain, play
the man, mend, become (wax) mighty, prevail, be recovered,
repair, retain, seize, be (wax) sore, strengthen (self), be
stout, be (make, shew, wax) strong(-er), be sure, take (hold),
be urgent, behave self valiantly, withstand.
חָזַק (cha.zaq) — to strengthen: strengthen.
: strengthen/support/encourage
1) to strengthen, prevail, harden, be strong, become strong, be courageous, be firm, grow firm, be resolute, be sore
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be strong, grow strong
1a1a) to prevail, prevail upon
1a1b) to be firm, be caught fast, be secure
1a1c) to press, be urgent
1a1d) to grow stout, grow rigid, grow hard (bad sense)
1a1e) to be severe, be grievous
1a2) to strengthen
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to make strong
1b2) to restore to strength, give strength
1b3) to strengthen, sustain, encourage
1b4) to make strong, make bold, encourage
1b5) to make firm
1b6) to make rigid, make hard
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to make strong, strengthen
1c2) to make firm
1c3) to display strength
1c4) to make severe
1c5) to support
1c6) to repair
1c7) to prevail, prevail upon
1c8) to have or take or keep hold of, retain, hold up, sustain, support
1c9) to hold, contain
1d) (Hithpael)
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVhi3mp
→ A title given to Jehovah 1Sa 15:29
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/Vqq3cp