Isaiah 41:15 — Word Study
WLCהִנֵּ֣ה שַׂמְתִּ֗יךְ לְמוֹרַג֙ חָר֣וּץ חָדָ֔שׁ בַּ֖עַל פִּֽיפִיּ֑וֹת תָּד֤וּשׁ הָרִים֙ וְתָדֹ֔ק וּגְבָע֖וֹת כַּמֹּ֥ץ תָּשִֽׂים׃
BSABeholdhinnêh [look, see] I will make yousûwm■ into a threshing sledgemôwrag [new sharp threshing instrument] newchâdâsh [recently created, renewed] [and] sharpchărûwts [having a cutting edge] withbaʻal many teethpîyphîyâh [pointed edges] You will threshdûwsh▸ [tread, trample] the mountainshar [hills] and crush themdâqaq▸ [pulverize, beat small] and reducesûwm▸ ◂the hillsgibʻâh [small hills] to chaffmôts [loose outer covering of grain, worthless material]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| הִנֵּ֣ה | here! | Particle |
| שַׂמְתִּ֗יךְ | I will make you | Verb qal perfect first person common singular, suffix |
| לְמוֹרַג֙ | a threshing-sledge | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| חָר֣וּץ | sharp | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| חָדָ֔שׁ | new | Adj |
| בַּ֖עַל | an owner of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| פִּֽיפִיּ֑וֹת | teeth | N-cp |
| תָּד֤וּשׁ | you will thresh | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine singular |
| הָרִים֙ | mountains | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| וְתָדֹ֔ק | so you may crush [them] | Conjunction, verb qal second person masculine singular |
| וּגְבָע֖וֹת | and hills | Conjunction, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| כַּמֹּ֥ץ | like chaff | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| תָּשִֽׂים׃ | you will make | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Behold, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff. |
| KJV | Behold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff. |
| ASV | Behold, I have made thee to be a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth; thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff. |
| YLT | Lo, I have set thee for a new sharp threshing instrument, Possessing teeth, thou threshest mountains, And beatest small, and hills as chaff thou makest. |
| WEB | Behold, I have made you into a new sharp threshing instrument with teeth. You will thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and will make the hills like chaff. |
| BBE | See, I will make you like a new grain-crushing instrument with teeth, crushing the mountains small, and making the hills like dry stems. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of מוֹרַג — see How Translations Differ.
One main clause with several descriptive and action-oriented phrases that outline the transformation and empowerment of Israel.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbדּוּשׁ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 41:15
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Promise to Israelgenerated
Isaiah 41:15 presents a powerful declaration from God to Israel, assuring them of His support and their strength in adversity. This verse is part of a broader message where God encourages His people, reminding them of their identity and purpose despite their current struggles. The surrounding verses emphasize God's commitment to help and redeem His people, reinforcing the theme of divine assistance.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 21:10 | O my people, crushed on the threshing floor, I tell you what I have heard from the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel. |
| 2 | Isaiah 28:27 | Surely caraway is not threshed with a sledge, and the wheel of a cart is not rolled over the cumin. But caraway is beaten out with a stick, and cumin with a rod. |
| 3 | Habakkuk 3:12 | You marched across the earth with fury; You threshed the nations in wrath. |
| 4 | Psalm 18:42 | I ground them as dust in the face of the wind; I trampled them like mud in the streets. |
| 5 | Micah 4:13 | Rise and thresh, O Daughter of Zion, for I will give you horns of iron and hooves of bronze to break to pieces many peoples. Then you will devote their gain to the LORD, their wealth to the Lord of all the earth. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מוֹרַג, le.mo.Raggenerated
The Hebrew word מוֹרַג (mowrag) refers to a threshing sledge, a vital agricultural tool used to separate grain from chaff. This term is derived from a root meaning to triturate, highlighting its function in processing crops. In this verse, it symbolizes the transformative power God grants to Israel, enabling them to effectively carry out His judgments.
This word appears in contexts that emphasize agricultural practices, indicating that Israel will be equipped to perform a significant role in God's plans. The use of מוֹרַג in this verse suggests a shift from vulnerability to strength, as Israel becomes an instrument of divine action.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses threshing sledge for מוֹרַג.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main finite verb in the verse is שַׂמְתִּיךְ, I will make you, which governs the entire structure. The sentence includes several phrases that describe what God will make Israel into, emphasizing their new role as a threshing sledge.
The order of the Hebrew words highlights the transformation process, with the subject and verb leading into the description of the new instrument, emphasizing God's creative power in reshaping Israel's identity.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מוֹרַג as τροξοὺς, which means 'threshing sledges'. This choice aligns with the agricultural imagery of the Hebrew text, maintaining the focus on Israel's role as an instrument for divine judgment.
The Greek term used suggests a functional understanding of the tool, emphasizing its purpose in separating and processing, which mirrors the intent of the Hebrew.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 41:15 shows God telling Israel that He will make them strong like a threshing sledge, a tool used to separate grain. This means they will have power over their enemies, like mountains and hills, turning them into chaff, which is worthless material. God is promising to help and empower His people.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that God will empower Israel to overcome their enemies and challenges, transforming them into a strong instrument of His will.
The surrounding verses emphasize God's support for Israel and His promise to help them in their struggles, reinforcing the message of empowerment.
Threshing imagery signifies separation and judgment, indicating that Israel will play a role in executing God's plans against their adversaries.
This metaphor highlights Israel's perceived weakness, contrasting it with the strength God promises to give them, emphasizing His ability to transform their situation.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I feel weak, and how can I trust God to empower me like He did with Israel?
- How can I be an instrument of God's will in my community, similar to the role described in this verse?
- What challenges am I currently facing that I need to bring to God for strength and support?
- How does understanding my identity in God change my perspective on my struggles?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 41:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBehold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument, having teeth,.... The Vulgate Latin version renders it, "as a new threshing cart, having teeth like saws"; and the Septuagint and Arabic
Read John Gill on Isaiah 41 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBehold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 41 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleNew; and therefore sharper and stronger than another which hath been much used. Sharp threshing instrument having teeth; such as were usual in those times and places, of which See Poole "", See Poole "". The mountains; the great and lofty potentates of the world, which set themselves against thee; such persons being frequently expressed in Scripture under the notion of hills and mountains.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 41 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 41:15 Behold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat [them] small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.Ver. 15. I will make thee a new sharp thrashing instrument having teeth.] Traham, aut tribulam in omnem partem probe dentatam. Such as those eastern countries did use, to mash in pieces their rougher and harder fodder for their cattle, or rather to thresh out their harder grain with, or to torture men with. Thou shalt thresh the mountains.] Thy lofty and mighty enemies. This was fulfilled in the Maccabees, but especially in the apostles, subduing the nations to the obedience of the faith. See 2 Corinthians 10:4.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 41 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(15) A new sharp threshing instrument.—The instrument described is a kind of revolving sledge armed with two-edged blades, still used in Syria, and, as elsewhere (Micah 4:13), is the symbol of a crushing victory. The next verse continues the image, as in Jeremiah 15:7; Jeremiah 51:2.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 41 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 15. A new sharp threshing instrument having teeth - "A threshing wain; a new corn-drag armed with pointed teeth"] See Clarke on Isaiah 28:27; "Isaiah 28:28". Thou shalt thresh the mountains] Mountains and hills are here used metaphorically for the kings and princes of the Gentiles. - Kimchi.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 41 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges15. The threshing instrument (mτrβg) is a heavy sledge studded on its under surface with sharp stones or knives, drawn by oxen over the floor. See the Note in Driver’s Joel and Amos, pp. 227 f. It is not a different implement from the ḥ ?βrϋη of ch. Isaiah 28:27. Indeed this word ḥ ?βrϋη is the one here translated “sharp”; and it may be doubted whether it has not intruded into the text as a variant to mτrβg (Duhm). The instrument to which Israel is likened is “new” and “many-toothed” (lit. “possessor of mouths” i.e. edges), therefore in the highest state of efficiency. the mountains … the hills] A figure for formidable enemies; perhaps also for obstacles in general. Comp. ch. Isaiah 21:10…
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 41 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleBehold, I will make thee ... - The object of the illustration in this verse and the following is, to show that God would clothe them with power, and that all difficulties in their way would vanish.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 41 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Behold, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff.
Behold, I have made you into a new sharp threshing instrument with teeth. You will thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and will make the hills like chaff.
Behold, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff.
“Look, I am making you like a sharp threshing sledge, new and double-edged. You will thresh the mountains and crush them; you will make the hills like straw.
Tyndale line
Behold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.
Behold, I have made thee to be a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth; thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.
Behold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.
Behold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.
Behold, I wil make thee a roller, and a newe threshing instrument hauing teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountaines, and bring them to pouder, and shalt make the hilles as chaffe.
Strictly literal
Behold, I have made of thee a new sharp threshing instrument having double teeth: thou shalt thresh and beat small the mountains, and shalt make the hills as chaff;
Lo, I have set thee for a new sharp threshing instrument, Possessing teeth, thou threshest mountains, And beatest small, and hills as chaff thou makest.
Behold, I have set you for a new sharp threshing instrument, || Possessing teeth, you thresh mountains, || And beat small, and make hills as chaff.
Behold, I have rendered thee a threshing instrument, sharp, new, having many teeth: thou shalt thresh mountains, and beat them small, and shalt render the hills as chaff.
Look, I am making you like a sharp threshing sledge, new and two-edged; you will thresh the mountains and crush them; you will make the hills like chaff.
From the Latin
I have made thee as a new thrashing wain, with teeth like a saw: thou shall thrash the mountains, and break them in pieces: and shalt make the hills as chaff.
Simplified
Look! I will make you into a new and sharp threshing device, with many pointed teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush the hills, turning them into chaff.
See, I will make you like a new grain-crushing instrument with teeth, crushing the mountains small, and making the hills like dry stems.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text, Septuagint, and Dead Sea Scrolls show agreement on the core message of the verse, with the Masoretic Text providing the fullest reading. The 1Qisaa scroll matches closely, while the 1Q8 scroll has some missing words but retains the essential meaning.
הִנֵּ֣ה שַׂמְתִּ֗יךְ לְמוֹרַג֙ חָר֣וּץ חָדָ֔שׁ בַּ֖עַל פִּֽיפִיּ֑וֹת תָּד֤וּשׁ הָרִים֙ וְתָדֹ֔ק וּגְבָע֖וֹת כַּמֹּ֥ץ תָּשִֽׂים׃
11 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
הנה שמתי׳כה למורג חרוץ חדש בעל פי פיות תדוש הרים ותדק וגבעות כמוצ תשים
13 words on the leather.
הנה שמתי׳ך למורג חרוץ [חדש] [בעל] [פיפיות] [תדוש] [הרים] [ותדק] וגבעות כמץ תשים
7 words on the leather — 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 41:15
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a Hebrew word meaning 'behold' or 'lo!' It serves as a demonstrative particle used to draw attention, appearing in contexts such as Genesis 19:2. The word is derived from a prolongation of another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage beyond this.
הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּה־ Gn 19:2, demonstr.part. lo!, behold!
base
H2009 הִנֵּה, הִנֶּה־ lo!, behold!
2009 hinneh hin-nay'
prolongation for 2005; lo!:--behold, lo, see.
see HEBREW for 02005
הִנֵּה (hin.neh) — behold.
behold, lo, see, if
Part — ParticleHTj
her, in composition:
The Hebrew word שׂוּם (sum) is a verb meaning to put, place, or set, with a wide range of applications including appointing, establishing, and making. It can also refer to laying something upon or directing it. There is a related noun שׂוּמָה (sumah), which may denote a token of unluckiness. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.
שׂוּם, שִׂים 582 vb. put, place, set
Qal
put, set, in a place
put something upon
put, lay, set
put, c. בֵּין
set, direct
set, ordain, in a place
set, establish a law, statute
set, found a nation
set, appoint (as ruler, official)
set, constitute, make
set, determine, fix, bounds
set, station, at a post
put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars
set up altars
= plant, wheat
set, fix (countenance)
make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for, transform into
make, constitute
work, bring to pass
appoint, give
set, fix (countenance)
Hiph. I will make him for a sign
Hoph. there was set before him
base
שׂוּמָה perhaps n. f. token of unluckiness, scowl;—2 S 13:32
ref
H7760a שׂוּם, שִׂים put, place, set .. . put, set, in a place
. put something upon
. put, lay, set
. put, c. בֵּין
. set, direct
. . set, ordain, in a place
. set, establish a law, statute
. set, found a nation
. set, appoint (as ruler, official)
. set, constitute, make
. set, determine, fix, bounds
. . set, station, at a post
. put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars
. set up altars
. = plant, wheat
. set, fix (countenance)
. . make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for, transform into
. make, constitute
. work, bring to pass
. appoint, give
. set, fix (countenance)
. I will make him for a sign
. there was set before him
H7760b שׂוּמָה perhaps n. f. token of unluckiness, scowl
7760 suwm soom
or siym {seem}; a primitive root; to put (used in a great
variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially,
and elliptically):--X any wise, appoint, bring, call (a
name), care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider,
convey, determine, + disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap
up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out),
mark, + name, X on, ordain, order, + paint, place, preserve,
purpose, put (on), + regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set
(on, up), shew, + stedfastly, take, X tell, + tread down,
((over-))turn, X wholly, work.
שׂוּם (sum) — to set: make.
: make/establish
1) to put, place, set, appoint, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on
1a2) to set, direct, direct toward
1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig)
1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix
1a4) to set, station, put, set in place, plant, fix
1a5) to make, make for, transform into, constitute, fashion, work, bring to pass, appoint, give
1b) (Hiphil) to set or make for a sign
1c) (Hophal) to be set
שׂוּמָה (su.mah) — fate.
token of unluckiness, scowl
שׂוּם (sum) — to set: put.
: put/give
1) to put, place, set, appoint, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on
1a2) to set, direct, direct toward
1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig)
1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix
V-Qal-Perf-1cs | Suff — Verb qal perfect first person common singular · suffixHVqp1cs/Sp2fs
מוֹרַג (mowrag) refers to a threshing sledge, an agricultural tool used for separating grain from chaff. The term is derived from an unused root meaning to triturate, emphasizing its function in processing crops. All entries consistently define it as a threshing instrument.
מוֹרַג n.m. threshing-sledge
base
H4173 מוֹרַג threshing-sledge
4173 mowrag mo-rag'
or morag {mo-rag'}; from an unused root meaning to triturate;
a threshing sledge:--threshing instrument.
מוֹרַג (mo.rag) — threshing sled.
thresher, threshing-sledge
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
The Hebrew word חָרוּץ (*charuwts*) is derived from a root meaning to incise or be incisive. It encompasses a range of meanings including sharp, diligent, strict decision, trench, and gold, with specific references in the Old Testament such as in Job 4:14 and Daniel 9:25. The lexicons agree on these meanings without significant disagreement.
חָרוּץ adj. sharp, diligent
base
חָרוּץ n.[m.] strict decision, only Jo 4:14, 14
ref
חָרוּץ n.[m.] trench, moat—only in Dn 9:25
ref
חָרוּץ n.m. gold, poet.
base
H2742a חָרוּץ sharp, diligent H2742b חָרוּץ strict decision H2742c חָרוּץ trench, moat H2742d חָרוּץ gold poet.
2742 charuwts khaw-roots'
or charuts {khaw-roots'}; passive participle of 2782;
properly, incised or (active) incisive; hence (as noun
masculine or feminine) a trench (as dug), gold (as mined), a
threshing-sledge (having sharp teeth); (figuratively)
determination; also eager:--decision, diligent, (fine) gold,
pointed things, sharp, threshing instrument, wall.
see HEBREW for 02782
חָרוּץ (cha.ruts) — sharp.
adj
sharp-pointed, sharp, diligent
חָרוּץ (cha.ruts) — decision.
strict decision, decision
חָרוּץ (cha.ruts) — trench.
trench, moat, ditch
חָרוּץ (cha.ruts) — gold.
gold (poetical)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
חָדָשׁ (chadash) means 'new' or 'fresh.' It is derived from the root word represented by Strong's H2318. The entries indicate that it covers meanings related to novelty and freshness, with an Aramaic equivalent noted as חֲדַ֑ת (cha.dat).
H2319 חָדָשׁ new
2319 chadash khaw-dawsh'
from 2318; new:--fresh, new thing.
see HEBREW for 02318
חָדָשׁ (cha.dash) — New (Gate).
§ new, new thing, fresh
חָדָשׁ (cha.dash) — new.
new, new thing, fresh
Aramaic equivalent: cha.dat (חֲדַ֑ת "new" H2323)
Adj — AdjHAamsa
בַּעַל (ba`al) means owner or lord, and can refer to a husband, citizens, or rulers. It is derived from a root meaning 'to own' and is used in various contexts, including relationships and leadership. The term also appears as a divine name, Baal, in the Old Testament.
בַּעַל 166 n.m. owner, lord
owner
husband
citizens, inhabitants
rulers, lords
n. of relation
Esp. lord, specif. as divine name, Baal.
base
H1167 בַּעַל owner, lord . owner
. husband
. citizens, inhabitants
. rulers, lords
. n. of relation
1167 ba`al bah'-al
from 1166; a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively)
owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this
latter sense):--+ archer, + babbler, + bird, captain, chief
man, + confederate, + have to do, + dreamer, those to whom it
is due, + furious, those that are given to it, great, + hairy,
he that hath it, have, + horseman, husband, lord, man, +
married, master, person, + sworn, they of.
see HEBREW for 01166
בַּעַל (ba.al) — master.
: master/leader
1) owner, husband, lord
1a) owner
1b) a husband
1c) citizens, inhabitants
1d) rulers, lords
1e) (noun of relationship used to characterise-ie, master of dreams)
בַּעַל (ba.al) — master: husband.
: husband/groom
1) owner, husband, lord
1a) owner
1b) a husband
1c) citizens, inhabitants
1d) rulers, lords
1e) (noun of relationship used to characterise-ie, master of dreams)
בַּעַל (ba.al) — master: men.
: men/comrades
1) owner, husband, lord
1a) owner
1b) a husband
1c) citizens, inhabitants
1d) rulers, lords
1e) (noun of relationship used to characterise-ie, master of dreams)
בַּעַל (ba.al) — master: owning.
: owning/having
1) owner, husband, lord
1a) owner
1b) a husband
1c) citizens, inhabitants
1d) rulers, lords
1e) (noun of relationship used to characterise-ie, master of dreams)
בַּעַל (ba.al) — master: [master of].
: [master_of](DESCRIPTOR)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word פִּיפִיָּה (*piyphiyah*) refers to a 'tooth' or an 'edge,' particularly in the context of a two-edged sword. It is related to the lemma for 'two-edged' and has connections to the word for 'mouth' in various usages, including speech and sound. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.
פֶּה 485 n.m. mouth
mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking
external organ
much oftener, as organ of speech, of man
as laughing; panting
of God
of idols
of musical instr. = sound
of animals; hence of edge of sword
mouth = opening, orifice
extremity, end
= portion
with preps.
base
H6374 פֶּה hence of edge of sword
6374 piyphiyah pee-fee-yaw'
for 6366; an edge or tooth:--tooth, X two-edged.
see HEBREW for 06366
פִּיפִיָּה (pi.phiy.yah) — tooth.
tooth
Another spelling of pe.yah (פֵּיָה "two-edged" H6366)
N-cp — N-cpHAafpa
דּוּשׁ (duwsh) is a Hebrew verb meaning to tread or thresh. It encompasses actions like trampling and breaking, with forms indicating both active and passive states, such as being trampled or threshed. The word appears in contexts related to agricultural processes, notably in Jeremiah 50:11.
דּוּשׁ, דִּישׁ vb. tread, thresh
Qal tread on, trample on
Niph. be trampled down
Hoph. be threshed
base
H1758 דּוּשׁ, דִּישׁ tread, thresh
1758 duwsh doosh
or dowsh {dosh}; or diysh {deesh}; a primitive root; to
trample or thresh:--break, tear, thresh, tread out (down), at
grass (Jer. 50:11, by mistake for 1877).
see HEBREW for 01877
דּוּשׁ (dush) — to tread.
1) to tread out, thresh
1a) (Qal) to tread on, trample on, thresh
1b) (Niphal) to be trampled down
1c) (Hophal) to be threshed
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singularHVqi2ms
הַר (har) means 'mountain' or 'hill,' and can refer to a range of hills or hill-country. It is derived from a root that suggests elevation and can be used figuratively. The entries consistently highlight its geographical connotations without significant disagreement.
הַר 568 n.m. mountain, hill, hill-country
mountain, hill
hill-country, mountain-region
base
H2022 הַר mountain, hill, hill-country
2022 har har
a shortened form of 2042; a mountain or range of hills
(sometimes used figuratively):--hill (country), mount(-ain), X
promotion.
see HEBREW for 02042
הַר (har) — mountain: mount.
: mount/hill
hill, mountain, hill country, mount
הַר (har) — mountain: hill country.
: hill_country
hill, mountain, hill country, mount
A sub-meaning of har (הַר ": mount" H2022)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
Are among the most sublime and impressive of the Creator’s works on earth, and from the noblest and most enduring monuments of great events. Most of the mountains of Scripture thus stand as witnesses for God—every view of their lofty summits, and every recurrence to them in thought reminding us of the sacred facts and truths connected with them. Thus Mount Ararat is a standing memorial of the deluge of man’s sin, God’s justice, and God’s mercy. Mount Sinai asserts the terrors of the divine law. Mount Carmel summons us, like the prophet Elijah of old, not to "halt between two opinions;" but if Jehovah is God, to love and serve him. The mount of the Transfiguration still shines with the glory of the truths there taught, and Mounts Ebal and Gerizim still echo the curses and the blessings once so solemnly pronounced from them. So Mount Hor, Nebo, Lebanon, and Gilboa have been signalized by…
- The elevated parts of the earth
Ge 7:19,20
- GOD
. Formed
. Set fast
. Gives strength to
. Weighs, in a balance
. Waters, from his chambers
דָּקַק (daqaq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to crush or pulverize. It encompasses actions like crushing, threshing, and becoming fine, with forms indicating both active and passive states. The entries suggest a focus on the physical act of breaking down substances into smaller parts, though they do not provide specific verse references.
[דָּקַק] vb. crush, pulverize, thresh; be fine
Qal
crush (trans.)
be fine
Hiph. make dust of, pulverize
Hoph. be crushed
base
H1854 [דָּקַק] crush, pulverize, thresh; be fine
1854 daqaq daw-kak'
a primitive root (compare 1915); to crush (or intransitively)
crumble:--beat in pieces (small), bruise, make dust, (into) X
powder, (be, very) small, stamp (small).
see HEBREW for 01915
דָּקַק (da.qaq) — to crush.
1) to crush, pulverise, thresh
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to crush
1a2) to be fine
1b) (Hiphil) to pulverise, make dust of
1c) (Hophal) to be crushed
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Conjunction · verb qal second person masculine singularHC/Vqu2ms
גִּבְעָה (gib'ah) means 'hill' and refers to a small elevation of land. It can denote a place of worship or be used in place names, often associated with illicit worship. The word is feminine and is derived from a related term for a hillock. It appears in various contexts, including poetic uses.
גִּבְעָה n.f. hill
base
H1389 גִּבְעָה hill
1389 gib`ah ghib-aw'
feminine from the same as 1387; a hillock:--hill, little
hill.
see HEBREW for 01387
גִּבְעָה (giv.ah) — Gibeath-(elohim).
Gibeath - a place or worship
This name means hill
1a) hill
גִּבְעָה (giv.ah) — Gibeath-(haaraloth).
This name means hill
Another name of gil.gal (גִּלְגָּל "Gilgal" H1537G)
גִּבְעָה (giv.ah) — hill.
1) hill
1a) hill (lower than a mountain)
1b) as a place of illicit worship
1c) poetic for mountain
1d) used in place names
גִּבְעָה (giv.ah) — Gibeat.
This name means hill
Another spelling of giv.ah (גִּבְעָה "Gibeah" H1390H)
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absoluteHC/Ncfpa
From the Hebrew Gibeah, meaning a curved round hill. But our translators have also employed the same English word for the very different term har , which has a much more extended sense than gibeah , meaning a whole district. For instance, in (Exodus 24:4) the "hill" is the same which is elsewhere in the same chapter, vs. (Exodus 24:12,13,18) etc., and book consistently and accurately rendered "mount" and "mountain." The "country of the hills," in (1:7; Joshua 9:1; 10:40; 11:16) is the elevated district of Judah, Benjamin and Ephraim, which is correctly called "the mountain" in the earliest descriptions of Palestine, (Numbers 13:29) and in many subsequent passages.
מוֹץ (mots) means chaff, specifically the lightweight husks separated from grain during threshing. It is often depicted as being driven by the wind and is used metaphorically in contexts such as the fate of the wicked (Job 21:18) and the power of nations (Isaiah 17:13). The term appears in several Old Testament verses, highlighting its symbolic significance.
[מוֹץ], מֹץ n.m. Is 29:5 chaff;—מ׳ abs. Ho 13:3 + 6 t.; cstr. Is 17:13;—chaff, always as driven by wind, and alw. c. כְּ, in sim.; of wicked Jb 21:18 (∥ תֶּבֶן לִפְנֵי רוּחַ), cf. ψ 1:4 35:5 Ho 13:3; of hostile nations Is 17:13 (מ׳ הָרִים), 29:5 (∥ אָבָק דַּךְ); hyperb. of Judah's power, גְּבָעוֹת כַּמֹּץ תָּשִׂים Is 41:15 (∥ תָּדוּשׁ הָרִים וְתָדֹק); of passing time, יוֹם Zp…
Read the full entry →H4671 [מוֹץ], מֹץ chaff
4671 mots motes
or mowts (Zephaniah 2:2) {motes}; from 4160; chaff (as
pressed out, i.e. winnowed or (rather) threshed
loose):--chaff.
see HEBREW for 04160
מוֹץ (mots) — chaff.
1) chaff
1a) always as driven by wind
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
chaf: Four different words have been translated "chaff" in the Old Testament:
(1) mots, is found in Job 21:18; Ps 1:4; 35:5; Isa 17:13; 29:5; 41:15; Ho 13:3; Ze 2:2.
(2) chashash, occurs in two verses (Isa 5:24; 33:11). Compare "chashish," an Arabic word which, as commonly used, denotes grass either standing or cut, green or dry, although, strictly speaking, dry or cut grass alone. In the Revised Version (British and American) Isa 5:24 the translation is "dry grass."
Chaff
The refuse of winnowed corn. It was usually burned (Ex. 15:7; Isa. 5:24; Matt. 3:12). This word sometimes, however, means dried grass or hay (Isa. 5:24; 33:11). Chaff is used as a figure of abortive wickedness (Ps. 1:4; Matt. 3:12). False doctrines are also called chaff (Jer. 23:28), or more correctly rendered “chopped straw.” The destruction of the wicked, and their powerlessness, are likened to the carrying away of chaff by the wind (Isa. 17:13;
the husk of corn or wheat which was separated from the grain by being thrown into the air, the wind blowing away the chaff, while the grain was saved. The carrying away of chaff by the wind is an ordinary scriptural image of the destruction of the wicked and of their powerlessness to resist God’s judgments. (Psalms 1:4; Isaiah 17:13; Hosea 13:3; Zephaniah 2:2)
The Hebrew word שׂוּם (sum) is a verb meaning to put, place, or set, with a wide range of applications including appointing, establishing, and making. It can also refer to laying something upon or directing it. There is a related noun שׂוּמָה (sumah), which may denote a token of unluckiness. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.
שׂוּם, שִׂים 582 vb. put, place, set
Qal
put, set, in a place
put something upon
put, lay, set
put, c. בֵּין
set, direct
set, ordain, in a place
set, establish a law, statute
set, found a nation
set, appoint (as ruler, official)
set, constitute, make
set, determine, fix, bounds
set, station, at a post
put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars
set up altars
= plant, wheat
set, fix (countenance)
make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for, transform into
make, constitute
work, bring to pass
appoint, give
set, fix (countenance)
Hiph. I will make him for a sign
Hoph. there was set before him
base
שׂוּמָה perhaps n. f. token of unluckiness, scowl;—2 S 13:32
ref
H7760a שׂוּם, שִׂים put, place, set .. . put, set, in a place
. put something upon
. put, lay, set
. put, c. בֵּין
. set, direct
. . set, ordain, in a place
. set, establish a law, statute
. set, found a nation
. set, appoint (as ruler, official)
. set, constitute, make
. set, determine, fix, bounds
. . set, station, at a post
. put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars
. set up altars
. = plant, wheat
. set, fix (countenance)
. . make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for, transform into
. make, constitute
. work, bring to pass
. appoint, give
. set, fix (countenance)
. I will make him for a sign
. there was set before him
H7760b שׂוּמָה perhaps n. f. token of unluckiness, scowl
7760 suwm soom
or siym {seem}; a primitive root; to put (used in a great
variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially,
and elliptically):--X any wise, appoint, bring, call (a
name), care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider,
convey, determine, + disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap
up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out),
mark, + name, X on, ordain, order, + paint, place, preserve,
purpose, put (on), + regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set
(on, up), shew, + stedfastly, take, X tell, + tread down,
((over-))turn, X wholly, work.
שׂוּם (sum) — to set: make.
: make/establish
1) to put, place, set, appoint, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on
1a2) to set, direct, direct toward
1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig)
1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix
1a4) to set, station, put, set in place, plant, fix
1a5) to make, make for, transform into, constitute, fashion, work, bring to pass, appoint, give
1b) (Hiphil) to set or make for a sign
1c) (Hophal) to be set
שׂוּמָה (su.mah) — fate.
token of unluckiness, scowl
שׂוּם (sum) — to set: put.
: put/give
1) to put, place, set, appoint, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on
1a2) to set, direct, direct toward
1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig)
1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singularHVqi2ms