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Job 10:16 — Word Study

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WLCוְ֭יִגְאֶה כַּשַּׁ֣חַל תְּצוּדֵ֑נִי וְ֝תָשֹׁ֗ב תִּתְפַּלָּא־ בִֽי׃

BSAShould I hold my head highgâʼâh [with pride, in triumph] You would hunt metsûwd like a lionshachal [a powerful predator] and againshûwb display Your powerpâlâʼ [wondrously, in a marvelous way]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 10
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 16 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Vi) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 10:16quick helps
In a sentenceJob expresses his despair, fearing that if he shows pride, God will pursue him like a lion.
Who is speakingJob, in a moment of anguish, addressing God.
Where we areIn a section where Job laments his suffering and questions God's treatment of him.
The hard wordגָּאָה
Take awayJob feels hunted and powerless before God.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbפָּלָא The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 10:16

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Lamentgenerated

15If I am guilty, woe to me! And even if I am righteous, I cannot lift my head. I am full of shame and aware of my affliction.
16Should I hold my head high, You would hunt me like a lion, and again display Your power against me.
17You produce new witnesses against me and multiply Your anger toward me. Hardships assault me in wave after wave.
18Why then did You bring me from the womb? Oh, that I had died, and no eye had seen me!

Job 10:16 reflects Job's deep anguish as he feels hunted by God. He grapples with the idea that showing pride would only provoke God's wrath further. This verse is part of a larger discourse where Job expresses his feelings of shame and helplessness amidst his suffering, as seen in the surrounding verses of this chapter.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Isaiah 38:13I composed myself until the morning. Like a lion He breaks all my bones; from day until night You make an end of me.
2Lamentations 3:10He is a bear lying in wait, a lion hiding in ambush.
3Hosea 13:7–8So like a lion I will pounce on them; like a leopard I will lurk by the path.
4Amos 3:8The lion has roared— who will not fear? The Lord GOD has spoken— who will not prophesy?
5Numbers 16:29–30If these men die a natural death, or if they suffer the fate of all men, then the LORD has not sent me.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word גָּאָה, Ve.yig.'ehgenerated

The verb גָּאָה (ga'ah) means to rise up or grow, often associated with a sense of majesty or triumph. In this context, Job suggests that if he were to lift his head in pride, it would draw God's attention in a negative way.

The parsing as a third person masculine singular verb indicates that Job is speaking about himself in the hypothetical, expressing his fear of God's response to any perceived arrogance.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In the Berean Standard Bible, the phrase reads as 'Should I hold my head high,' which is consistent across the KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains multiple clauses, with the main action centered around the verb יִגְאֶה (yig'eh), 'should I hold high.' This verb leads into a series of consequences Job fears: being hunted like a lion and God displaying His power against him.

The structure emphasizes Job's conditional statement — if he were to act with pride, it would lead to dire consequences, highlighting his sense of vulnerability.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates גָּאָה as γὰρ, indicating a causal relationship, which suggests that Job understands his pride as a trigger for God's actions.

This choice reflects a narrower interpretation of Job's pride, emphasizing the direct consequence of his hypothetical action.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 10:16 shows Job's fear that if he lifts his head in pride, God will hunt him like a lion. He feels vulnerable and powerless, expressing his anguish and despair in this moment.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Job mean by 'holding my head high'?

Job is contemplating the idea of pride and how it might provoke God's anger, indicating his deep sense of fear.

Why does Job compare God to a lion?

The lion symbolizes power and ferocity, illustrating Job's perception of God as a formidable force that he cannot escape.

How does Job feel about his situation?

Job feels hunted and helpless, expressing a profound sense of vulnerability in the face of God's might.

What is the significance of Job's lament?

Job's lament highlights the struggle between human pride and divine authority, emphasizing his fear of God's judgment.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I struggle with pride in my own life, and how can I remain humble before God?
  2. How can I understand God's power in my life without feeling hunted or fearful?
  3. What does it mean to me to feel vulnerable before God, and how can I express that in prayer?
  4. How can I find comfort in knowing that God is powerful yet compassionate, even when I feel like Job?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, discussing the nature of pride and God's power in human affairs.

Hesychius of JerusalemHOMILIES ON Job 13.10.16-17A d. after 451
A human being is called “lion” with good reason, because he is a royal animal, and even more so the righteous, because, by preserving the honor of God’s form, he is dreadful to his enemies.
Early Church Fathers on Job 10 →
Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book IX c. 540–604
And by reason of pride, Thou wilt take me like a lioness. When a lioness hunts for food for her whelps, she rushes with ravening jaws into the pitfall.
Early Church Fathers on Job 10 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 10:16 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

For it increaseth,.... That is, the affliction increaseth; which is a reason why pity should be shown him, seeing his troubles instead of abating were growing upon him; he had as much, or more, than

Read John Gill on Job 10 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

For it increaseth. Thou huntest me as a fierce lion: and again thou shewest thyself marvellous upon me. For it increaseth , [ yig'eh (H1342)] - literally, (my affliction, Job 10:15) groweth up, as in Job 8:11.

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 10 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

As a fierce lion; which hunteth after his prey with great eagerness, and when he overtakes it, falls upon it with great fury. And again thou showest thyself marvellous upon me, Heb. and thou returnest and showest thyself marvellous upon, or in, or against me. The lion tears its prey speedily, and so ends its torments; but thou renewest my calamities again and again, and makest my plagues wonderful, both for kind, and extremity, and continuance.

Read Matthew Poole on Job 10 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 10:16 For it increaseth. Thou huntest me as a fierce lion: and again thou shewest thyself marvellous upon me.Ver. 16. For it increaseth] Heb. For it lifteth up itself; it even boileth up to the height, or it waxeth proud, as the proud surges of the sea. Broughton rendered it, Oh how it fleeth up! Why how? Surely, as a fierce lion, so it hunteth me; it riseth upon me, as a lion rampant doth upon his prey, or as a lion, when he is pursued, gives not place, hides not his head, but comes into the open fields as holding it a disgrace to withdraw; so some sense it: or, Thou huntest me as a fierce lion] Tanquam leo. God, when he afflicteth men, is oft compared to a lion, Isaiah 38:13 Hosea…

Read John Trapp on Job 10 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(16) For it increaseth.—This verse is very obscure. Some understand it thus: “But is it so glorious a thing that Thou shouldst hunt me like a fierce lion, and then again show Thyself mysterious and wonderful towards me? hunting me like a lion, and yet hiding alike Thy person and Thy motive from me?” Or the subject is the head of the former verse, “And if it exalt itself, Thou huntest me,” &c. Or again, as in the Authorised Version, the subject is the affliction, “For it increaseth: Thou huntest me,” &c.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 10 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 16. For it increaseth.] Probably this refers to the affliction mentioned above, which is increased in proportion to its duration. Every day made his escape from such a load of evils less and less probable. Thou huntest me as a fierce lion] As the hunters attack the king of beasts in the forest, so my friends attack me. They assail me on every side. Thou showest thyself marvellous] Thy designs, thy ways, thy works, are all incomprehensible to me; thou dost both confound and overpower me. Mr. Good translates thus: - "For uprousing as a ravenous lion dost thou spring upon me. And again thou showest over me thy vast power."

Read AdamClarke on Job 10 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

16. This verse reads, and if it (i. e. my head) should lift itself up, thou wouldst hunt me as a fierce lion, and again shew &c. Cf. the figure of a wild beast again, ch. Job 16:9. There is a touch of sarcasm in the words “shew thyself marvellous upon me,”—marvellous in the variety and nature of His plagues, and in plaguing such an object.

Read Cambridge on Job 10 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

For it increaseth - Our translators understand this as meaning that the calamities of Job, so far from becoming less, were constantly increasing, and thus augmenting his perplexity and embarrassment.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 10 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Should I hold my head high, You would hunt me like a lion, and again display Your power against me.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

If my head is held high, you hunt me like a lion. Again you show yourself powerful to me.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Should I hold my head high, You would hunt me like a lion, and again display Your power against me.

NETBNew English Translation2006

If I lift myself up, you hunt me as a fierce lion, and again you display your power against me.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

For it increaseth. Thou huntest me as a fierce lion: and again thou shewest thyself marvellous upon me.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And if my head exalt itself, thou huntest me as a lion; And again thou showest thyself marvellous upon me.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And if my head exalt itself, thou huntest me as a lion: and again thou shewest thyself marvelous upon me.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

For it increaseth. Thou huntest me as a fierce lion: and again thou showest thyself wonderful upon me.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

But let it increase: hunt thou me as a lyon: returne and shew thy selfe marueilous vpon me.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And it increaseth: thou huntest me as a fierce lion; and ever again thou shewest thy marvellous power upon me.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And it riseth — as a lion Thou huntest me. And Thou turnest back — Thou shewest Thyself wonderful in me.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And it rises—as a lion You hunt me. And You turn back—You show Yourself wonderful in me.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And it constantly increaseth; like a fierce lion dost thou hunt for me; and again thou showest thyself continually wonderful on me;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion; and again you would show yourself with marvellous acts of power against me.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And for pride thou wilt take me as a lioness, and returning thou tormentest me wonderfully.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

If I do hold my head high you hunt me down like a lion, showing how powerful you are in hurting me.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And that if there was cause for pride, you would go after me like a lion; and again put out your wonders against me:

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְ֭andclauseverbיִגְאֶהit.rises.upclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalכַּlikenoun phrase(the)שַּׁ֣חַלlionverbתְּצוּדֵ֑youobjectנִיhunt.meוְ֝andclauseclauseverbתָשֹׁ֗בyou.returnclauseverbתִּתְפַּלָּאyou.show.yourself.wonderfulprepositional phrase · prepositionalבִֽonיme

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint generally agree on the wording of this verse, with five out of six words matched. The Septuagint's translation reflects its own grammatical structure, but the core meaning remains aligned with the Hebrew text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְ֭יִגְאֶה כַּשַּׁ֣חַל תְּצוּדֵ֑נִי וְ֝תָשֹׁ֗ב תִּתְפַּלָּא־ בִֽי׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְ֭יִגְאֶהγὰρכַּשַּׁ֣חַלλέωνוְ֝תָשֹׁ֗בδὲתִּתְפַּלָּא־δεινῶςבִֽי׃με

5 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 10:16גָּאָהso it may rso it may rise גָּאָהשַׁ֫חַלlike lionlike lionשַׁ֫חַלצוּדyou hunt meyou hunt meצוּדשׁוּבand you retand you returnשׁוּבפָּלָאyou show yoyou show yourseפָּלָאנִיon meon meנִיצַ֫יִדwild gamewild gameצַ֫יִדרָמָהto shootto shootרָמָהכְּפִירlionlionכְּפִיראֲרִיlionlionאֲרִישְׁבִיתcaptivitycaptivityשְׁבִיתחָרוֹןburning anburning angerחָרוֹןנֶ֫דֶרvowvowנֶ֫דֶרחֶ֫סֶדkindnesskindnessחֶ֫סֶד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 10:16

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

so it may rise up like lion you hunt me and you return you show yourself wonderful on me
וְ֭יִגְאֶהVe.yig.'eh so it may rise up H1342 Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine singular
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To rise up or grow, used to describe something or someone becoming majestic or triumphant, like a plant growing upwards towards the sun. In the Bible, it appears in Psalms and Isaiah. It means to be lifted up or exalted.
Amplified meaning
with pride, in triumph
Tyndale gloss
to rise up
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גָּאָה (ga'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rise up, grow up, or be exalted. It encompasses a range of meanings including physical elevation, such as waters rising or plants growing, as well as figurative exaltation or triumph. The entries consistently emphasize its root meaning of mounting up and being majestic.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גָּאָה vb. rise up

rise up, of waters

grow up, of plants

be lifted up, exalted

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1342 גָּאָה rise up . rise up, of waters

. grow up, of plants

. be lifted up, exalted

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1342 ga'ah gaw-aw'

a primitive root; to mount up; hence, in general, to rise,

(figuratively) be majestic:--gloriously, grow up, increase, be

risen, triumph.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גָּאָה (ga.ah) — to rise up.

1) to rise up, grow up, be exalted in triumph

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to rise up

1a2) to grow up

1a3) to be lifted up, be raised up, be exalted

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine singular
HC/Vqu3ms
so it may rise up like lion you hunt me and you return you show yourself wonderful on me
כַּשַּׁ֣חַלka.Sha.chal like lion H7826 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a lion, known for its powerful roar. In Proverbs 30:30, it is used to describe the strength and courage of a lion, while in 1 Peter 5:8, it symbolizes Satan as a fierce lion.
Amplified meaning
a powerful predator
Tyndale gloss
lion
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁ֫חַל (shachal) refers to a lion, often used in a poetic context. The term is likely derived from a root meaning to roar, emphasizing the lion's fierce nature. It can also figuratively refer to Jehovah or wicked men. The entries consistently define it as a lion without notable disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׁ֫חַל n.m. lion (poet.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7826 שַׁ֫חַל lion (poet.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7826 shachal shakh'-al

from an unused root probably meaning to roar; a lion (from

his characteristic roar):--(fierce) lion.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁ֫חַל (sha.chal) — lion.

1) lion

1a) of Jehovah, wicked men (fig)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HRd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

li'-un:

(1) Occurring most often in the Old Testament is 'aryeh, plural 'ardyoth. Another form, 'ari, plural 'arayim, is found less often.

1. Names:

Compare 'ari'el, "Ariel" (Ezr 8:16; Isa 29:1,2,7); char'el, "upper altar," and 'ari'el, "altar hearth" (Eze 43:15); 'aryeh, "Arieh" (2Ki 15:25); 'ar'eli, "Areli" and "Arelites" (Ge 46:16; Nu 26:17).

(2) kephir, "young lion," often translated "lion" (Ps 35:17; Pr 19:12; 23:1, etc.).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

"The most powerful, daring and impressive of all carnivorous animals, the most magnificent in aspect and awful in voice." At present lions do not exist in Palestine; but they must in ancient times have been numerous. The lion of Palestine was in all probability the Asiatic variety, described by Aristotle and Pliny as distinguished by its short and curly mane, and by being shorter and rounder in shape, like the sculptured lion found at Arban. It was less daring than the longer named species, but when driven by hunger it not only ventured to attack the flocks in the desert in presence of the shepherd, (1 Samuel 17:34; Isaiah 31:4) but laid waste towns and villages, (2 Kings 17:25,26; Proverbs 22:13; 26:13) and devoured men.…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The well-known and noble king of beasts, frequently spoken of in Scripture. He often exceeds eight feet in length and four feet in height; and his majestic and dauntless aspect, his prodigious strength and agility, and his peculiar roar, make him the terror of the forests. Lions were common in Palestine, (See JORDAN,) and the Hebrews had seven different names for them, to distinguish the different ages, etc. Five of these occur together in Job 4:10,11. See also Na 2:11,12. The psalmist alludes to the stealthy creeping of the lion till he can spring upon his prey, when he says of the crafty wicked man, "He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den; .... he croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones." The Bible reader will remember the exploits of…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ King of beasts Mic 5:8

→ Fierceness of Job 4:10; 28:8; Ps 7:2; Pr 22:13; Jer 2:15; 49:19; 50:44; Ho 13:8

→ The roaring of Ps 22:13; Pr 20:2

→ Strength of Pr 30:30; Isa 38:13; Joe 1:6

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
so it may rise up like lion you hunt me and you return you show yourself wonderful on me
תְּצוּדֵ֑נִיte.tzu.De.ni you hunt me H6679 Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular · suffix
18× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To provision means to gather food and supplies for a journey, as in Genesis 45:23, where Jacob prepares for his trip to Egypt. It represents God's care for His people.
Tyndale gloss
to hunt
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צוּד (tsuwd) primarily means to hunt, with variations indicating a keen or eager pursuit. It also has a denominative form related to provisioning oneself for a journey. The entries suggest a connection to the act of catching animals and imply a figurative sense of capturing people. There is a note of similarity with another word, צָיַר (tsayar), which also relates to taking provision.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צוּד vb. hunt

Qal hunt

Pō‛l. hunt (keenly, eagerly?)

base

[צִיד] vb. denom. Hithp. supply oneself with provisions, take as one's provision

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6679a צוּד hunt H6679b צִיד vb. denom Hithp. supply oneself with provisions, take as one's provision

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6679 tsuwd tsood

a primitive root; to lie alongside (i.e. in wait); by

implication, to catch an animal (figuratively, men);

(denominative from 6718) to victual (for a journey):--chase,

hunt, sore, take (provision).

see HEBREW for 06718

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צוּד (tsud) — to hunt.

1) to hunt

1a) (Qal) to hunt

1b) (Poel) to hunt, hunt eagerly or keenly

צוּד (tsud) — to provision.

(Hithpael) take provision

Another spelling of tsa.yar (צָיַר "to take provision" H6737)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms | Suff — Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular · suffix
HVqi2ms/Sp1bs
so it may rise up like lion you hunt me and you return you show yourself wonderful on me
וְ֝תָשֹׁ֗בve.ta.Sho and you return H7725 Conjunction · verb qal jussive second person masculine singular
1,057× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to return or turn back, and can be used literally or figuratively. It is often used to describe someone returning to God or repenting from sin, as seen in the book of Psalms and the prophets.
Tyndale gloss
to return: return
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to turn back or return, covering a wide range of contexts including physical, spiritual, and relational. It can denote returning to a previous state, repenting, or even apostatizing. The entries describe various forms and uses, including bringing back, restoring, and refreshing. Notably, it can also imply a change in course of action.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שׁוּב 1056 vb. turn back, return

Qal 683;—turn back, return:

turn back

return, come or go back

esp. return unto

of dying

of revival from death

fig. of human relations:

return to leader, king

= change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)

turn, i.e. resort to

return to a physical condition

abs. = change course of action

fig., specif. of spiritual relations:

turn back from God = apostatize

of י׳, turn away

turn back to God (= seek penitently)

abs. repent

turn back from evil

of י׳

of י׳, return (to shew favour)

of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):

denoting repetition, etc.

trans.

Pō‛l.

bring back

fig. restore, refresh

restore, repair

lead away (enticingly)

shew turning = apostatize

Hiph. 353 cause to return, bring back

bring back into bondage

put back

= draw back

= give back, restore

= relinguish

= give in payment, requital

bring one back (from dead)

bring back heart

= refresh

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Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7725 שׁוּב turn back, return .—turn back, return: . turn back

. return, come or go back

. esp. return unto

. . of dying

. of revival from death

. fig. of human relations: . return to leader, king

. = change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)

. turn, i.e. resort to

. return to a physical condition

. abs. = change course of action

. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: . turn back from God = apostatize

. of י׳, turn away

. turn back to God (= seek penitently)

. abs. repent

. turn back from evil

. of י׳

. of י׳, return (to shew favour)

. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):

. denoting repetition, etc.

. trans.

. . bring back

. . fig. restore, refresh

. restore, repair

. lead away (enticingly)

. shew turning = apostatize

. cause to return, bring back . . bring back into bondage

. put back

. = draw back

. = give back, restore

. = relinguish

. = give in payment, requital

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Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7725 shuwb shoob

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or

intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily

with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to

retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise,

dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge,

make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer

(+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring

(again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back),

cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, +

continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back,

fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give

(again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see)

more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put

(again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh,

relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve,

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Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שׁוּב (shuv) — to return: return.

: return

1) to return, turn back

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to turn back, return

1a1a) to turn back

1a1b) to return, come or go back

1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back

1a1d) of dying

1a1e) of human relations (fig)

1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig)

1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise

1a1f2) to turn away (of God)

1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent

1a1f4) turn back (from evil)

1a1g) of inanimate things

1a1h) in repetition

1b) (Polel)

1b1) to bring back

1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig)

1b3) to lead away (enticingly)

1b4) to show turning, apostatise

1c) (Pual) restored (participle)

1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back

1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment

1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore

1d3) to bring back, report to, answer

1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)

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Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Conjunction · verb qal jussive second person masculine singular
HC/Vqj2ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
so it may rise up like lion you hunt me and you return you show yourself wonderful on me
תִּתְפַּלָּא־tit.pa.la'- you show yourself wonderful H6381 Verb · Hithpael · imperfect second person masculine singular
71× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to wonder or be amazed, often at something great or difficult. It describes God's power and miracles in the Bible, like in the book of Psalms. The KJV translates it as 'marvelous' or 'wonderful'.
Amplified meaning
wondrously, in a marvelous way
Tyndale gloss
to wonder
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פָּלָא (pala') is a verb that conveys the idea of being extraordinary or wonderful. It can describe actions that are difficult to perform or understand, as well as marvelous acts of God, particularly in judgment and redemption. The word can also refer to making special offerings or showing oneself in a marvelous way.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּלָא] 71 vb. denom. Niph. etc., be surpassing, extraordinary

Niph.

be beyond one's power, difficult to do

be difficult to understand

be extraordinary, wonderful

as subst., marvellous things

= wonderful acts of י׳ in judgement and redemption

Pi. make a special votive offering

Hiph.

do a hard or difficult thing

make wonderful, do wondrously

of God working wonders in doing

Hithp. thou dost shew thyself marvellous (act inexplicably) against me

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6381 פָּלָא vb. denom. Niph. etc., be surpassing, extraordinary . . be beyond one's power, difficult to do

. be difficult to understand

. . be extraordinary, wonderful

. as subst., marvellous things

. = wonderful acts of י׳ in judgement and redemption

. make a special votive offering

. . do a hard or difficult thing

. make wonderful, do wondrously

. of God working wonders in doing

. thou dost shew thyself marvellous (act inexplicably) against me

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6381 pala' paw-law'

a primitive root; properly, perhaps to separate, i.e.

distinguish (literally or figuratively); by implication, to be

(causatively, make) great, difficult, wonderful:--accomplish,

(arise...too, be too) hard, hidden, things too high, (be, do,

do a, shew) marvelous(-ly, -els, things, work), miracles,

perform, separate, make singular, (be, great, make)

wonderful(-ers, -ly, things, works), wondrous (things,

works, -ly).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּלָא (pa.la) — to wonder.

1) to be marvellous, be wonderful, be surpassing, be extraordinary, separate by distinguishing action

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to be beyond one's power, be difficult to do

1a2) to be difficult to understand

1a3) to be wonderful, be extraordinary

1a3a) marvellous (participle)

1b) (Piel) to separate (an offering)

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to do extraordinary or hard or difficult thing

1c2) to make wonderful, do wondrously

1d) (Hithpael) to show oneself wonderful or marvellous

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hithpael-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Hithpael · imperfect second person masculine singular
HVti2ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ A name of the Messiah Isa 9:6

→ See Jud 13:18

→ See JESUS, NAMES OF

so it may rise up like lion you hunt me and you return you show yourself wonderful on me
בִֽי׃Vi on me H9030 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נִי (ni) — me.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp1bs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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