Psalms 58:3 — Word Study
WLCזֹ֣רוּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים מֵרָ֑חֶם תָּע֥וּ מִ֝בֶּ֗טֶן דֹּבְרֵ֥י כָזָֽב׃
BSAalsoʼaph heartlêb injusticeʻevel to workpâʻal landʼerets violencechâmâç handyâd to envypâlaç
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| זֹ֣רוּ | they turn aside | Verb, Pual, perfect third person common plural |
| רְשָׁעִ֣ים | wicked [people] | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| מֵרָ֑חֶם | from [the] womb | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| תָּע֥וּ | they go astray | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| מִ֝בֶּ֗טֶן | from [the] belly | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| דֹּבְרֵ֥י | [those who] speak | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural common |
| כָזָֽב׃ | falsehood | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The wicked are estranged from the womb; the liars go astray from birth. |
| KJV | The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born, speaking lies. |
| ASV | The wicked are estranged from the womb: They go astray as soon as they are born, speaking lies. |
| YLT | The wicked have been estranged from the womb, They have erred from the belly, speaking lies. |
| WEB | The wicked go astray from the womb. They are wayward as soon as they are born, speaking lies. |
| BBE | The evil-doers are strange from the first; from the hour of their birth they go out of the true way, saying false words. |
The translations agree on the term רְשָׁעִ֣ים — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has two main clauses that describe the nature of the wicked and their actions, with prepositional phrases providing context.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectבְּ
verbאַף
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 58:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Nature of the Wickedgenerated
Psalm 58:3 describes the wicked as being estranged from the womb, indicating that their sinful nature is present from birth. This verse serves as a reflection on the moral condition of humanity, suggesting that deceit and wrongdoing are innate qualities that manifest early in life. The surrounding verses further illustrate the actions of the wicked and the consequences of their behavior, emphasizing the theme of moral corruption.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 51:5 | Surely I was brought forth in iniquity; I was sinful when my mother conceived me. |
| 2 | Job 15:14 | What is man, that he should be pure, or one born of woman, that he should be righteous? |
| 3 | Proverbs 22:15 | Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child, but the rod of discipline drives it far from him. |
| 4 | Isaiah 48:8 | You have never heard; you have never understood; for a long time your ears have not been open. For I knew how deceitful you are; you have been called a rebel from birth. |
| 5 | Ephesians 2:3 | All of us also lived among them at one time, fulfilling the cravings of our flesh and indulging its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature children of wrath. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — רְשָׁעִ֣ים, re.sha.'Imgenerated
The word רְשָׁעִ֣ים (re.sha.'Im) is a noun that refers to wicked people. It is derived from the root that implies moral wrongdoing and is used to describe individuals who are guilty of sin against God or others.
This term encompasses a range of meanings related to moral failure, and its usage in the context of this psalm highlights the inherent nature of wickedness in humanity. The parsing as a masculine plural absolute noun indicates that it refers to multiple individuals characterized by their wickedness.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we will reference the Berean Standard Bible as the base text.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains a main clause with two verbs: זֹ֣רוּ (they turn aside) and תָּע֥וּ (they go astray). The structure emphasizes the actions of the wicked from their very beginning.
The word order places the subjects and actions prominently, indicating the focus on the nature and behavior of the wicked individuals described.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates רְשָׁעִ֣ים as ἀνομίας, which conveys a sense of lawlessness. This choice highlights the moral implications of being wicked, suggesting a broader interpretation of their actions as not just wrong, but also as transgressions against divine law.
This rendering indicates a narrowing of the term's focus from simply being wicked to being in outright rebellion against God's order.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 58:3 states that wicked people are estranged from the womb, meaning their sinful nature is present from birth. This verse highlights the idea that deceit and wrongdoing are inherent qualities that appear early in life.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that their sinful nature is present from birth, suggesting that wrongdoing is an inherent part of their character.
This verse supports the idea that humanity has a sinful nature from the very beginning of life, aligning with the doctrine of original sin.
It suggests that moral failings are not merely learned behaviors but are part of human nature, which can lead to a deeper understanding of the need for moral guidance.
It can be used to discuss the nature of evil and the importance of moral education and accountability from an early age.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see the effects of wickedness in the world around me?
- How can understanding the nature of wickedness help me in my own moral choices?
- What steps can I take to ensure that I am not influenced by the inherent wickedness described in this verse?
- How does this verse challenge my understanding of human nature and morality?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers comment on the nature of sin and wickedness as described in this verse, providing insights into its theological implications.
We hide away our sin, cloaking it over in the depth of our soul, like some festering and malignant disease, as if by escaping human notice we could escape the mighty eye of God and justice.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 58 →
Though it appears that the serpent’s nature is being delineated in the foregoing, rather, every vessel of evil is being delineated,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 58 →
Atticus: I grant you that they are just men, but I cannot agree with you at all that they are without sin. For I say that humanity can be without fault, which in Greek is called kakia [“wickedness”],Early Church Fathers on Psalms 58 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 58:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe wicked are estranged from the womb,.... Which original corruption of nature accounts for all the wickedness done by men: they are conceived in sin, shapen in iniquity, and are transgressors from
Read John Gill on Psalms 58 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born, speaking lies. The wicked are estranged from the womb. From his own personal enemies David passes to the innate corruption of the wicked in general.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 58 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleEstranged, to wit, from God, , and from all goodness. From the womb; either, 1. Hyperbolically; even from their tender years. Or, 2. Strictly and properly. So the sense is, No wonder they act so unrighteously, for their very natures and principles are corrupt, even from their birth; they are the wicked offspring of sinful parents. And this hereditary and native corruption, though too common to all men, he particularly ascribes to these men; either because their immediate parents were such as did not only convey a corrupt nature to them, but greatly improved it by wicked counsel and example; or because they themselves had improved that stock of original corruption, and instead of mortifying…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 58 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 58:3 The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born, speaking lies.Ver. 3. The wicked are estranged from the womb] q.d. These enemies of mine are old sinners; hardened and habituated in wickedness from the very womb; it hath also grown up with them, and quite turned away their hearts from God and goodness, whereunto they stand utterly across, and have an innate antipathy; they are not only averse thereto, but adverse also; yea, to their sinews of iron they have added brows of brass, Isaiah 48:4. Sinful, indeed, we are all by nature, and a birth blot we bring into the world with us, making us strangers to and strayers from God. But some God sanctifieth…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 58 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) The Wicked.—The poet passes from his indignant challenge to the unjust judges to speak of the wicked generally. He finds that such maturity of vice points to very early depravity. Such hardened sinners must have been cradled in wickedness.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 58 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. The wicked are estranged from the womb] "This," says Dr. Kennicott, "and the next two verses, I take to be the answer of Jehovah to the question in the two first verses, as the 6th, 7th, and 8th, are the answer of the psalmist, and the remainder contains the decree of Jehovah." He calls these wicked men, men who had been always wicked, originally and naturally bad, and brought up in falsehood, flattery, and lying. The part they acted now was quite in character.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 58 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3–5. A description of the class to which these wicked judges belong; the deliberately wicked, who are deaf to remonstrance and incapable of reformation.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 58 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe wicked are estranged from the womb - The allusion here undoubtedly is to the persons principally referred to in the psalm - the enemies of David.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 58 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The wicked are estranged from the womb; the liars go astray from birth.
The wicked go astray from the womb. They are wayward as soon as they are born, speaking lies.
The wicked are estranged from the womb; the liars go astray from birth.
The wicked turn aside from birth; liars go astray as soon as they are born.
Tyndale line
The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born, speaking lies.
The wicked are estranged from the womb: They go astray as soon as they are born, speaking lies.
The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born, speaking lies.
The wicked are estranged from their birth: they go astray as soon as they are born, speaking lies.
The wicked are strangers from ye wombe: euen from the belly haue they erred, and speake lyes.
Strictly literal
The wicked go astray from the womb; they err as soon as they are born, speaking lies.
The wicked have been estranged from the womb, They have erred from the belly, speaking lies.
The wicked have been estranged from the womb, || They have erred from the belly, speaking lies.
(58:4) The wicked are estranged [from goodness] from the womb: those who speak lies go astray from their very birth.
The wicked go astray even when they are in the womb; they go astray from birth, speaking lies.
From the Latin
Deliver me from them that work iniquity, and save me from bloody men.
Simplified
The wicked are sinners from birth; from the moment they're born they tell lies.
The evil-doers are strange from the first; from the hour of their birth they go out of the true way, saying false words.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all seven words matching in their correspondence. This consistency suggests a shared understanding of the text's meaning across these traditions.
זֹ֣רוּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים מֵרָ֑חֶם תָּע֥וּ מִ֝בֶּ֗טֶן דֹּבְרֵ֥י כָזָֽב׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 58:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
זוּר (zuwr) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be a stranger or to become estranged. It can describe a person as strange or foreign, and it also has connotations of loathsomeness. The word can refer to committing adultery or being alienated, with its usage found in contexts involving estrangement or foreignness.
[זוּר] vb. be a stranger
Qal
Pf. become estranged
Pt. as adj. strange, or as noun stranger
Niph. Pf. be estranged
Hoph. Pt. estranged
H2114a זוּר be a stranger .. Pf. become estranged
. Pt. as adj. strange, or as noun stranger
. Pf. be estranged
. Pt. estranged
H2114b זוּר, זִיר be loathsome
2114 zuwr zoor
a primitive root; to turn aside (especially for lodging);
hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically
(active participle) to commit adultery:--(come from) another
(man, place), fanner, go away, (e-)strange(-r, thing, woman).
זוּר (zur) — be a stranger.
1) to be strange, be a stranger
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to become estranged
1a2) strange, another, stranger, foreigner, an enemy (participle)
1a3) strange woman, prostitute, harlot (meton)
1b) (Niphal) to be estranged
1c) (Hophal) to be a stranger, be one alienated
זוּר (zur) — be loathsome.
loathsome (of breath) (participle)
HVPp3cp — Verb · Pual · perfect third person common pluralHVPp3cp
a-sid': "Distinct from others," "privately," such is the sense of the word in 2Ki 4:4; Mr 7:33. Also "to withdraw" (Lu 9:10 the King James Version; Ac 23:19: hupochoreo, also anachoreo). One is said to have turned aside when he departs from the path of rectitude (Ps 14:3; Sirach 2:7; 1Ti 1:6). In a figurative sense it is used to express the thought of putting aside, to renounce, every hindrance or impediment to a consecrated earnest Christian life (Heb 12:1: apotithemi).
רָשָׁע (rasha`) refers to someone who is wicked or criminal, encompassing meanings such as guilty and ungodly. It is derived from a root that implies moral wrongdoing. The term is used to describe individuals who are hostile to God or guilty of sin against others.
רָשָׁע 263 adj. wicked, criminal
base
H7563 רָשָׁע wicked, criminal
7563 rasha` raw-shaw'
from 7561; morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad
person:--+ condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did
wrong.
see HEBREW for 07561
רָשָׁע (ra.sah) — wicked.
1) wicked, criminal
1a) guilty one, one guilty of crime (subst)
1b) wicked (hostile to God)
1c) wicked, guilty of sin (against God or man)
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
רֶ֫חֶם (rechem) means 'womb' and is derived from the root word רָחַם (racham). It primarily refers to the womb itself, but can also denote a woman or female servant. The term appears in contexts related to childbirth and femininity.
רֶ֫חֶם, רַ֫חַם n.m. womb
base
H7358 רֶ֫חֶם, רַ֫חַם womb
7358 rechem rekh'-em
from 7355; the womb (compare 7356):--matrix, womb.
see HEBREW for 07355
see HEBREW for 07356
רֶ֫חֶם (re.chem) — womb.
1) womb
1a) womb
1b) womb-man, woman-slave, woman, two women
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
תָּעָה (ta`ah) is a Hebrew verb that means to wander or go astray, both physically and ethically. It can refer to being led astray, as in a moral sense, or to the effects of intoxication. The word has various forms, including Qal (to err), Niphal (to be made to wander), and Hiphil (to cause to wander).
תָּעָה vb. err
Qal
physically wander about
of intoxication
ethically
Niph.
be made to wander about, as a drunkard
ethically: be led astray
Hiph.
physically cause to wander about
of intoxication
mentally and morally, cause to err, mislead
base
H8582 תָּעָה err .. physically wander about
. of intoxication
. ethically
. . be made to wander about, as a drunkard
. ethically: be led astray
. . physically cause to wander about
. of intoxication
. mentally and morally, cause to err, mislead
8582 ta`ah taw-aw'
a primitive root; to vacillate, i.e. reel or stray (literally
or figuratively); also causative of both:--(cause to) go
astray, deceive, dissemble, (cause to, make to) err, pant,
seduce, (make to) stagger, (cause to) wander, be out of the
way.
תָּעָה (ta.ah) — to go astray.
1) to err, wander, go astray, stagger
1a) (Qal) to err
1a1) to wander about (physically)
1a2) of intoxication
1a3) of sin (ethically)
1a4) wandering (of the mind)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be made to wander about, be made to stagger (drunkard)
1b2) to be led astray (ethically)
1c) (Hiphil) to cause to wander
1c1) to cause to wander about (physically)
1c2) to cause to wander (of intoxication)
1c3) to cause to err, mislead (mentally and morally)
HVqp3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
a-stra' (ta`ah, "to wander," "to err"; planaomai, "to go astray," each carrying the idea of being lost): With one exception (Ex 23:4 "his ass going astray") used metaphorically of moral wandering, going astray in paths of error and sin, like "sheep going astray" (1Pe 2:25 the King James Version; Isa 53:6; Ps 119:176).
The Hebrew word בֶּ֫טֶן (*beten*) primarily means 'belly,' 'body,' or 'womb.' It is derived from a root suggesting hollowness and encompasses various uses, including the physical abdomen and metaphorical meanings, such as the seat of hunger or mental faculties. The lexicons consistently highlight these aspects without significant disagreement.
בֶּ֫טֶן n.f. belly, body, womb
base
H990 בֶּ֫טֶן belly, body, womb
990 beten beh'-ten
from an unused root probably meaning to be hollow; the belly,
especially the womb; also the bosom or body of anything:--
belly, body, + as they be born, + within, womb.
בֶּ֫טֶן (be.ten) — belly: abdomen.
: abdomen
1) belly, womb, body
1a) belly, abdomen
1a1) as seat of hunger
1a2) as seat of mental faculties
1a3) of depth of Sheol (fig.)
1b) womb
בֶּ֫טֶן (be.ten) — belly: womb.
: womb/pregnancy
1) belly, womb, body
1a) belly, abdomen
1a1) as seat of hunger
1a2) as seat of mental faculties
1a3) of depth of Sheol (fig.)
1b) womb
בֶּ֫טֶן (be.ten) — belly: hump.
: hump
1) belly, womb, body
1a) belly, abdomen
1a1) as seat of hunger
1a2) as seat of mental faculties
1a3) of depth of Sheol (fig.)
1b) womb
בֶּ֫טֶן (be.ten) — belly: body.
: body
1) belly, womb, body
1a) belly, abdomen
1a1) as seat of hunger
1a2) as seat of mental faculties
1a3) of depth of Sheol (fig.)
1b) womb
HR/Ncfsa — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Ncfsa
bel'-i: gachon = "the external abdomen" (Ge 3:14; Le 11:42). qobhah = "the abdominal cavity" (Nu 25:8 the American Standard Revised Version "body"). beTen = "the internal abdomen," "the womb" (1Ki 7:20; Job 15:2,35 the King James Version; Job 20:15,23; 40:16; Ps 17,14; Pr 13:25; 18:20; Jer 1:5; Eze 3:3); also figuratively "the internal regions," "the body of anything" (
Belly
The seat of the carnal affections (Titus 1:12; Phil. 3:19; Rom. 16:18). The word is used symbolically for the heart (Prov. 18:8; 20:27; 22:18, marg.). The “belly of hell” signifies the grave or underworld (Jonah 2:2).
דָבַר (dabar) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning 'to speak.' It encompasses a range of actions including declaring, commanding, and conversing. The root suggests a figurative use of words, with some entries noting a rare destructive sense of subduing. Various forms of the verb indicate different nuances, such as speaking with one another or making promises.
[דָבַר] 1142 vb. speak (original mng. dub.)
Qal speak
Niph. reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk
Pi. speak
Pu. in the day when she may be spoken for
Hithp. speaking this word
Hiph. either leads subject, or puts to flight, fig. for subdues
base
H1696 דָבַר speak (original mng. dub.)
1696 dabar daw-bar'
a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used
figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive
sense) to subdue:--answer, appoint, bid, command, commune,
declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse,
say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think,
use (entreaties), utter, X well, X work.
דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: speak.
: speak/tell/command
1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing
1a) (Qal) to speak
1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to speak
1c2) to promise
1d) (Pual) to be spoken
1e) (Hithpael) to speak
1f) (Hiphil) to lead away, put to flight
דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: subdue.
: subdue
1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing
1a) (Qal) to speak
1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to speak
1c2) to promise
1d) (Pual) to be spoken
1e) (Hithpael) to speak
1f) (Hiphil) to lead away, put to flight
דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: promise.
: promise/declare
1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing
1a) (Qal) to speak
1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to speak
1c2) to promise
1d) (Pual) to be spoken
1e) (Hithpael) to speak
HVqrmpc — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural commonHVqrmpc
כָּזָב (kazab) refers to a lie or falsehood, encompassing meanings like deceit and untruth. It is derived from a root that suggests the concept of deception. The entries consistently describe it as a term for falsehood without significant disagreement among lexicons.
כָּזָב n.m. lie, falsehood, deceptive thing
base
H3577 כָּזָב lie, falsehood, deceptive thing
3577 kazab kaw-zawb'
from 3576; falsehood; literally (untruth) or figuratively
(idol):--deceitful, false, leasing, + liar, lie, lying.
see HEBREW for 03576
כָּזָב (ka.zav) — lie.
a lie, untruth, falsehood, deceptive thing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
fols'-hood.
See LYING.
→ General scriptures concerning Ex 20:16; 23:1; Le 6:2-7; 19:11,12,16; Job 13:4; 21:34; 27:4; 31:5,6,33; 36:4; Ps 5:6,9; 10:7; 12:2,3; 28:3; 31:18; 34:13; 36:3; 50:19,20; 52:2-5; 55:21,23; 58:3; 59:12; 62:4; 63:11; 101:5,7; 109:2; 116:11; 119:29,69,163; 120:2-4; 144:8,11; Pr 2:12-15; 3:3; 6:12,13,17-19; 10:9,10,18,31; 11:9; 12:17,19,20,22; 13:5; 14:5,8,25; 17:4,7; 19:5,9,22,28; 20:17; 21:6; 26:18,19,24-26,28; 27:14; Ec 5:6; Isa 28:15; 32:7; 57:11; 59:3,4,12,13; 63:8;