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Psalms 9:8 — Word Study

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WLCוְה֗וּא יִשְׁפֹּֽט־ תֵּבֵ֥ל בְּצֶ֑דֶק יָדִ֥ין לְ֝אֻמִּ֗ים בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃

BSAThe LordYᵉhôvâh foreverʻôwlâm to dwellyâshab to establishkûwn justicemishpâṭ [righteousness, uprightness] thronekiççêʼ

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 9
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 8 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (be.mei.sha.Rim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 9:8quick helps
In a sentenceThe Lord judges the world with justice and governs the people with equity.
Who is speakingThe Lord, referred to as הוּא, hu.
Where we areThis verse is part of a psalm celebrating God's eternal reign and justice.
The hard wordיָדִין, ya.Din
Take awayGod's judgment is characterized by righteousness and fairness.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectוְ verbלְ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 9:8

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Lord's Judgment and Governancegenerated

7But the LORD abides forever; He has established His throne for judgment.
8He judges the world with justice; He governs the people with equity.
9The LORD is a refuge for the oppressed, a stronghold in times of trouble.
10Those who know Your name trust in You, for You, O LORD, have not forsaken those who seek You.

Psalm 9:8 emphasizes the Lord's role as a just judge over the world and as a governor of the people, highlighting His righteousness and equity. This theme is consistent throughout the psalm, where the Lord is depicted as a refuge for the oppressed and a stronghold in times of trouble, as seen in verses 9 and 10.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 50:6And the heavens proclaim His righteousness, for God Himself is Judge. Selah
2Psalm 94:15Surely judgment will again be righteous, and all the upright in heart will follow it.
3Psalm 96:13before the LORD, for He is coming— He is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world in righteousness and the peoples in His faithfulness.
4Psalm 98:9before the LORD, for He comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world with righteousness and the peoples with equity.
5Psalm 99:4The mighty King loves justice. You have established equity; You have exercised justice and righteousness in Jacob.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

And he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness.Psalm 50:6 Psalm 94:15 Psalm 96:13 Psalm 98:9 Psalm 99:4 Genesis 18:25 Isaiah 11:4–5 Acts 17:31 Romans 2:5–6 Revelation 20:12–13

The Key Word יָדִין, ya.Dingenerated

The verb דִּין (diyn) means to judge or govern, indicating actions such as executing judgment and pleading a cause. It reflects God's authority and the moral responsibility of rulers to uphold justice.

In this verse, the imperfect form indicates ongoing action, suggesting that God's judgment is not a one-time event but a continuous process of administering justice and equity among the nations.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses judges and governs to convey the Lord's active role in administering justice and equity.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb יִשְׁפֹּֽט (yish.pot) governs the clause, indicating the Lord's action of judging the world, while the second verb יָדִין (ya.Din) governs the people. The structure emphasizes the dual roles of judgment and governance.

The sentence is constructed with two main clauses, each containing a verb and an object, highlighting the parallel actions of judging the world and governing the nations.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יִשְׁפֹּֽט as κρίσει (krisei), which means 'judgment' and emphasizes the authoritative aspect of God's role as a judge. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning but broadens the focus to the concept of judgment itself.

The use of ἡτοίμασεν (hetoimasen) for בְּמֵישָׁרִים indicates a preparation or arrangement of fairness, suggesting a more proactive role in establishing justice.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 9:8 tells us that the Lord judges the world with justice and governs the people with equity. This verse highlights God's role as a fair and righteous judge, ensuring that justice is upheld among the nations.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that God judges the world?

It means that God exercises authority and makes decisions regarding justice and righteousness in the world.

How does God govern the people with equity?

He ensures that fairness and true decisions are made, reflecting His character and moral standards.

What is the significance of righteousness in God's judgment?

Righteousness signifies that God's judgments are based on moral correctness and justice, aligning with His nature.

Why is it important that God is described as a refuge for the oppressed?

It emphasizes God's compassion and protection for those who are vulnerable and in need of justice.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see God's justice at work in the world around me?
  2. How can I reflect God's righteousness and equity in my own actions and decisions?
  3. What does it mean for me to trust in God as a refuge during difficult times?
  4. How can I advocate for fairness and justice in my community, following God's example?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

The early Church Fathers comment on God's judgment and righteousness in this verse. Their insights reflect on the moral implications of divine justice.

Didymus the BlindFRAGMENTS ON THE Psalms 9:8 c. 313–398
These words warn that we must withdraw from evil and impiety and pursue excellence and righteousness. For who being prudent, if he believes this,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 9 →
John ChrysostomCOMMENTARY ON THE Psalms 9:4 c. 347–407
While the general judgment is reserved for that time, the particular is for this; after all, he puts many things into effect here and now lest the heedless form the impression that present realities do not fall under his providence.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 9 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 9:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And he shall judge the world in righteousness,.... The word תבל, rendered "world", is, as Ben Melech well observes, a general name for all the countries of the habitable world; and so shows that it

Read John Gill on Psalms 9 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 9 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The world; not you only, but all the enemies of his people, and all the men of the world.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 9 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 9:8 And he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness.Ver. 8. And he shall judge the world, &c.] See on Psalms 9:4.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 9 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(8) And he . . . .—Better, and he it is who. The pronoun is emphatic.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 9 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 8. He shall judge the world in righteousness] All the dispensations of God's providence are founded in righteousness and truth.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 9 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

8. And he shall judge] He is emphatic. His administration, in contrast to that of so many human rulers, will be one of perfect justice and equity. And it will be universal. The vindication of his right which the Psalmist has just experienced is the earnest of a judgement which will embrace the whole world and all peoples. For people read peoples, and for uprightness, equity, as in Psalms 98:9. Cp. Psalms 7:8; Psalms 96:10; Psalms 96:13; Acts 17:31. The Heb. word tηbhηl rendered world denotes the fruitful, habitable part of the earth (cp. οἰκουμένη), here of course including its inhabitants. Cp. Proverbs 8:31.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 9 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And he shall judge the world in righteousness - The word here rendered world means properly the habitable earth; and then it denotes the inhabitants that dwell upon the earth.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 9 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

He judges the world with justice; He governs the people with equity.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

He will judge the world in righteousness. He will administer judgment to the peoples in uprightness.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

He judges the world with justice; He governs the people with equity.

NETBNew English Translation2006

He judges the world fairly; he makes just legal decisions for the nations.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And he will judge the world in righteousness, He will minister judgment to the peoples in uprightness.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister judgment to the peoples in uprightness.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

For he shall iudge the worlde in righteousnes, and shall iudge the people with equitie.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And it is he that will judge the world with righteousness; he shall execute judgment upon the peoples with equity.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And He judgeth the world in righteousness, He judgeth the peoples in uprightness.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And He judges the world in righteousness, || He judges the peoples in uprightness.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(9:9) And he will judge the world with righteousness, he shall decide for the people, with equity.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

He will judge the world with righteousness, and he will execute judgment for the nations with fairness.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

But the Lord remaineth for ever. He hath prepared his throne in judgment:

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The Lord judges the world rightly; he judges the nations fairly.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And he will be the judge of the world in righteousness, giving true decisions for the peoples.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclausesubjectה֗וּאheverbיִשְׁפֹּֽטhe.will.judgeobjectתֵּבֵ֥ל[the].worldprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּwithצֶ֑דֶקrighteousnessclauseverbיָדִ֥יןhe.will.judgeobjectלְ֝אֻמִּ֗ים[the].nationsprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּwithמֵישָׁרִֽיםuprightness(es)

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text presents the verse as "He judges the world with justice; He governs the people with equity." The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in meaning, as it matches 7 of the 7 words in a word-by-word correspondence, although its word order and articles differ. The Dead Sea Scrolls (11Q7) contain a fragment that includes 6 words of the verse, but these are not a complete match and have been supplied by an editor, indicating some differences in wording or structure compared to the Masoretic Text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְה֗וּא יִשְׁפֹּֽט־ תֵּבֵ֥ל בְּצֶ֑דֶק יָדִ֥ין לְ֝אֻמִּ֗ים בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְה֗וּאκαὶיִשְׁפֹּֽט־εἰςתֵּבֵ֥לαἰῶναבְּצֶ֑דֶקἡτοίμασενיָדִ֥יןἐνלְ֝אֻמִּ֗יםκρίσειבְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃αὐτοῦ

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 11Q7a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[ויהוה] [לעולם] [ישב] [כונן] [למשפט] [כסא׳ו]

6 words of the verse are on this fragment — 6 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 9:8הוּאand heand heהוּאשָׁפַטhe will judhe will judgeשָׁפַטתֵּבֵל[the] world[the] worldתֵּבֵלצֶ֫דֶקwith rightewith righteousnצֶ֫דֶקדִּיןhe will judhe will judgeדִּיןלְאֹם[the] natio[the] nationsלְאֹםמֵישָׁרwith uprighwith uprightnesמֵישָׁריָבַלto conductto conductיָבַלצָדֵקto justifyto justifyצָדֵקיָשַׁרto smoothto smoothיָשַׁרצֶ֫דֶקRighteousnRighteousnessצֶ֫דֶקטָמֵאuncleanuncleanטָמֵאעֵתtimetimeעֵתשֹׁטֵרofficialofficialשֹׁטֵרמְלֹאfullnessfullnessמְלֹאבַּלnotnotבַּלמֵישָׁרuprightnesuprightnessמֵישָׁראֵיפָהephahephahאֵיפָהדִּיןjudgmentjudgmentדִּיןעָנִיafflictedafflictedעָנִירִיקvainvainרִיקשָׁאוֹןroarroarשָׁאוֹןמַעְגָּלtracktrackמַעְגָּל
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 9:8

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and he he will judge [the] world with righteousness he will judge [the] nations with uprightness
וְה֗וּאve.Hu' and he H1931 Conjunction · pronoun
1,879× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Tyndale gloss
he/she/it
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it

an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

It resumes the subj. with emph.

Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

As an emph. predicate, of God

In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

. It resumes the subj. with emph.

. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

. As an emph. predicate, of God

. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1931 huw' hoo

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a

primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or

it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also

(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;

sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally

(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),

it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,

this, those, which (is), who.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.

pron 3p s

1) he, she, it

1a) himself (with emphasis)

1b) resuming subj with emphasis

1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)

1d) (anticipating subj)

1e) (emphasising predicate)

1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron

2) that (with article)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Pp3ms — Conjunction · pronoun
HC/Pp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ha: The fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet; transliterated in this Encyclopedia as "h." It came also to be used for the number 5. For name, etc., see ALPHABET.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he he will judge [the] world with righteousness he will judge [the] nations with uprightness
יִשְׁפֹּֽט־yish.pot- he will judge H8199 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
202× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To shaphat means to judge or govern, and can also mean to vindicate or punish. In the Bible, this term is often used to describe God's role as a judge, as well as human judges and rulers.
Tyndale gloss
to judge
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁפַט (shaphat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to judge or govern. It encompasses a range of actions including pronouncing sentences, executing judgments, and deciding controversies in various contexts such as civil and religious matters. The word can also imply being judged or entering into legal disputes. There is a specific mention of its use in the context of final judgment.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁפַט 185 vb. judge, govern

Qal

act as law-giver, judge, governor

specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions

execute judgment

Niph.

recipr., enter into controversy, plead

pass. be judged

Pô‛el = my opponent-at-law

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8199 שָׁפַט judge, govern .. act as law-giver, judge, governor

. specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions

. execute judgment

. . recipr., enter into controversy, plead

. pass. be judged

.= my opponent-at-law

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8199 shaphat shaw-fat'

a primitive root; to judge, i.e. pronounce sentence (for or

against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by

extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literally or

figuratively):--+ avenge, X that condemn, contend, defend,

execute (judgment), (be a) judge(-ment), X needs, plead,

reason, rule.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁפַט (sha.phat) — to judge.

1) to judge, govern, vindicate, punish

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to act as law-giver or judge or governor (of God, man)

1a1a) to rule, govern, judge

1a2) to decide controversy (of God, man)

1a3) to execute judgment

1a3a) discriminating (of man)

1a3b) vindicating

1a3c) condemning and punishing

1a3d) at theophanic advent for final judgment

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to enter into controversy, plead, have controversy together

1b2) to be judged

1c) (Poel) judge, opponent-at-law (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

juj (shopheT; New Testament dikastes, krites): In the early patriarchal times the heads of families and the elders of the tribes were the judges (compare Ge 38:24), and their authority was based on custom. In the wilderness Moses alone was the judge until Jethro suggested a scheme of devolution. On his advice Moses divided the people into groups of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens, and over each group a wise and good man was set as a judge. Thereafter only the most important cases were brought before Moses (Ex 18:13-26; De 1:9-17). This arrangement ceased to be practicable when the children of Israel settled down in Canaan. Although David took counsel with the heads of thousands and hundreds (

Judge

(Heb. shophet, pl. shophetim), properly a magistrate or ruler, rather than one who judges in the sense of trying a cause. This is the name given to those rulers who presided over the affairs of the Israelites during the interval between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul (Judg. 2:18), a period of general anarchy and confusion. “The office of judges or regents was held during life, but it was not hereditary, neither could they appoint their successors. Their authority was limited by the law alone, and in doubtful cases they were directed to consult the divine King through the priest by Urim and Thummim (Num. 27:21). Their authority extended only over those tribes by whom they had been elected or acknowledged. There was no income attached to their office, and they…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Appointed by the Persians Ezr 7:25

→ Kings and other rulers as 2Sa 8:15; 15:2; 1Ki 3:16-28; 10:9; 2Ki 8:1-6; Ps 72:1-4; Mt 27:11-26; Ac 23:34,35; 24; 25:11,12

→ Priests and Levites as De 17:9; 2Ch 19:8; Eze 44:23,24; Mt 26:57-62

and he he will judge [the] world with righteousness he will judge [the] nations with uprightness
תֵּבֵ֥לte.Vel [the] world H8398 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
36× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for world, it refers to the earth and its inhabitants. In the Bible, it's used to describe the world God created, like in Psalm 24, which says the earth belongs to God.
Tyndale gloss
world
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תֵּבֵל (tebel) means 'world' and is derived from a root meaning 'to be moist.' It refers to the earth as a habitable place, encompassing both the globe and its inhabitants, and can specifically denote regions like Babylonia and Palestine. The entries consistently highlight its connection to the concept of a productive, inhabited land.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תֵּבֵל n.f. world (perh. orig. as productive)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8398 תֵּבֵל world

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8398 tebel tay-bale'

from 2986; the earth (as moist and therefore inhabited); by

extension, the globe; by implication, its inhabitants;

specifically, a partic. land, as Babylonia,

Palestine:--habitable part, world.

see HEBREW for 02986

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תֵּבֵל (te.vel) — world.

world

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The earth on which we dwell, 1Sa 2:8; its inhabitants, Joh 3:16, or a large number of them, Joh 12:19. In several places it is equivalent to "land," meaning the Roman Empire, or Judea and its vicinity, Lu 2:1 4:3 Ac 11:28. It also denotes the objects and interests of time and sense, Ga 6:14 1Jo 2:15.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See EARTH

and he he will judge [the] world with righteousness he will judge [the] nations with uprightness
בְּצֶ֑דֶקbe.Tze.dek with righteousness H6664 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
119× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Represents the idea of righteousness or justice, often referring to God's character or the standard for human behavior. It is closely tied to the concept of morality and what is right. The word is used to describe the ideal for human conduct and society.
Tyndale gloss
Righteousness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צֶ֫דֶק (tsedeq) refers to concepts of rightness and righteousness, encompassing moral, legal, and natural dimensions. It includes justice in governance, ethical correctness, and vindication in disputes. The term also suggests prosperity and deliverance, particularly in relation to God's covenant and the Messianic king. The entries consistently emphasize its broad application in both personal and societal contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צֶ֫דֶק n.m. rightness, righteousness

what is right, just, normal; rightness, justness, of weights and measures

righteousness, in government

righteousness, justice, in a case or cause

rightness, in speech

righteousness, as ethically right

righteousness, as vindicated, justification in controversy with enemies and troubles, deliverance, victory, prosperity

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6664 צֶ֫דֶק rightness, righteousness . what is right, just, normal; rightness, justness, of weights and measures

. righteousness, in government

. righteousness, justice, in a case or cause

. rightness, in speech

. righteousness, as ethically right

. righteousness, as vindicated, justification in controversy with enemies and troubles, deliverance, victory, prosperity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6664 tsedeq tseh'-dek

from 6663; the right (natural, moral or legal); also

(abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity:--X even, (X

that which is altogether) just(-ice), ((un-))right(-eous)

(cause, -ly, - ness).

see HEBREW for 06663

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צֶ֫דֶק (tse.deq) — righteousness.

1) justice, rightness, righteousness

1a) what is right or just or normal, rightness, justness (of weights and measures)

1b) righteousness (in government)

1b1) of judges, rulers, kings

1b2) of law

1b3) of Davidic king, Messiah

1b4) of Jerusalem as seat of just government

1b5) of God's attribute

1c) righteousness, justice (in case or cause)

1d) rightness (in speech)

1e) righteousness (as ethically right)

1f) righteousness (as vindicated), justification (in controversy), deliverance, victory, prosperity

1f1) of God as covenant-keeping in redemption

1f2) in name of Messianic king

1f3) of people enjoying salvation

1f4) of Cyrus

צֶ֫דֶק (tse.deq) — Righteousness.

This name means justice, righteousness

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ri'-chus-nes (tsaddiq, adjective, "righteous," or occasionally "just" tsedheq, noun, occasionally = "riahteousness," occasionally = "justice"; dikaios, adjective, dikaiosune, noun, from dike, whose first meaning seems to have been "custom"; the general use suggested conformity to a standard: righteousness, "the state of him who is such as he ought to be" (Thayer)):

1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent

2. Social Customs and Righteousness

3. Changing Conception of Character of God: Obligations of Power

4. Righteousness as Inner

5. Righteousness as Social

6. Righteousness as Expanding in Content with Growth in Ideals of Human Worth

LITERATURE

1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent:

In Christian thought the idea of righteousness contains both a permanent and a changing element. The fixed element is the will to do right; the changing factor is the conception of…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Righteousness

See JUSTIFICATION.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Rectitude, justice, holiness; an essential perfection of God’s character, Job 36:3; Isa 51:5-8; Joh 17:25; and of his administration, Ge 18:25; Ro 3:21,22; 10:3. It is the wonder of grace that as the righteous guardian of the law, he can acquit the unrighteous. "The righteousness of Christ" includes his spotless holiness, his perfect obedience the law demands; and "the righteousness of faith" is that imputed to the sinner who believes in Christ. With reference to personal character, righteousness is used both for uprightness between man and man, and for true religion,

→ By faith Ge 15:6; Ro 4:3,5,9,11,13,20,22,24

→ Garment of Job 29:14; Mt 22:11-14

→ Counted (regarded) for the sake of obedience De 6:25; Job 33:26

→ FRUITS OF De 6:25; Jos 22:31; Ps 1:3; 15:1-5; 24:3-5; 101:3,4; 106:3; 112:4-8; Pr 2:5-20; 10:2,16; 11:5,6,18,19,30; 12:28; 13:6; 14:34; 21:3; 29:7; Isa…

and he he will judge [the] world with righteousness he will judge [the] nations with uprightness
יָדִ֥יןya.Din he will judge H1777 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
24× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To judge or plead a cause is the meaning of this Hebrew word, used to describe acting as a judge or governing.
Tyndale gloss
to judge
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דִּין (diyn) means to judge or govern, encompassing actions like executing judgment, pleading a cause, and contending. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal and Niphal, indicating both active and passive roles in judgment and strife. Strong's entry also notes a connection to a straight course, particularly in Genesis 6:3.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דִּין vb. judge

Qal

act as judge, minister judgment

plead the cause

execute judgment, vindicate

execute judgment, requite

govern

he cannot contend with one mightier than he

Niph. and all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1777 דִּין judge .. act as judge, minister judgment

. plead the cause

. execute judgment, vindicate

. execute judgment, requite

. govern

. he cannot contend with one mightier than he

. and all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1777 diyn deen

or (Gen. 6:3) duwn {doon}; a primitive roy a straight course,

i.e. sail direct:--(come) with a straight course.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דִּין (din) — to judge.

1) to judge, contend, plead

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to act as judge, minister judgment

1a2) to plead a cause

1a3) to execute judgment, requite, vindicate

1a4) to govern

1a5) to contend, strive

1b) (Niphal) to be at strife, quarrel

Aramaic equivalent: din (דִּין "to judge" H1778)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

juj (shopheT; New Testament dikastes, krites): In the early patriarchal times the heads of families and the elders of the tribes were the judges (compare Ge 38:24), and their authority was based on custom. In the wilderness Moses alone was the judge until Jethro suggested a scheme of devolution. On his advice Moses divided the people into groups of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens, and over each group a wise and good man was set as a judge. Thereafter only the most important cases were brought before Moses (Ex 18:13-26; De 1:9-17). This arrangement ceased to be practicable when the children of Israel settled down in Canaan. Although David took counsel with the heads of thousands and hundreds (

Judge

(Heb. shophet, pl. shophetim), properly a magistrate or ruler, rather than one who judges in the sense of trying a cause. This is the name given to those rulers who presided over the affairs of the Israelites during the interval between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul (Judg. 2:18), a period of general anarchy and confusion. “The office of judges or regents was held during life, but it was not hereditary, neither could they appoint their successors. Their authority was limited by the law alone, and in doubtful cases they were directed to consult the divine King through the priest by Urim and Thummim (Num. 27:21). Their authority extended only over those tribes by whom they had been elected or acknowledged. There was no income attached to their office, and they…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Appointed by the Persians Ezr 7:25

→ Kings and other rulers as 2Sa 8:15; 15:2; 1Ki 3:16-28; 10:9; 2Ki 8:1-6; Ps 72:1-4; Mt 27:11-26; Ac 23:34,35; 24; 25:11,12

→ Priests and Levites as De 17:9; 2Ch 19:8; Eze 44:23,24; Mt 26:57-62

and he he will judge [the] world with righteousness he will judge [the] nations with uprightness
לְ֝אֻמִּ֗יםle.'u.Mim [the] nations H3816 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
31× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a community or nation of people. It is used in the Bible to describe a group of people who share a common identity or culture. The KJV translates it as 'nation' or 'people'.
Tyndale gloss
people
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לְאֹם, transliterated as lom, refers to a 'people' or 'nation.' It is derived from an unused root meaning to gather, indicating a sense of community. The term is noted as chiefly late in usage according to Brown-Driver-Briggs.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לְאֹם, לְאוֹם n.m. people, poet. and chiefly late

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3816 לְאֹם, לְאוֹם people, poet. and chiefly late

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3816 lom leh-ome'

or l owm {leh-ome'}; from an unused root meaning to gather; a

community:--nation, people.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לְאֹם (le.om) — people.

a people, nation

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

na'-shunz.

See GENTILES; GOIIM; HEATHEN; TABLE OF NATIONS.

and he he will judge [the] world with righteousness he will judge [the] nations with uprightness
בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃be.mei.sha.Rim with uprightness H4339 Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
19× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Uprightness refers to being fair and just, as seen in the Bible. It can also mean smoothness or straightness, often used to describe doing things rightly.
Tyndale gloss
uprightness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֵישָׁר (meyshar) refers to concepts of evenness, uprightness, and equity. It is derived from a root meaning 'to be straight' and can figuratively denote prosperity or concord. The term is used in various contexts to express rectitude and fairness, often appearing in plural form with a singular sense.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מֵישָׁר] n.m. evenness, uprightness, equity

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4339 [מֵישָׁר] evenness, uprightness, equity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4339 meyshar may-shawr'

from 3474; evenness, i.e. (figuratively) prosperity or

concord; also straightness, i.e. (figuratively) rectitude

(only in plural with singular sense; often

adverbially):--agreement, aright, that are equal, equity,

(things that are) right(-eously, things), sweetly,

upright(-ly, -ness).

see HEBREW for 03474

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֵישָׁר (me.shar) — uprightness.

1) evenness, uprightness, straightness, equity

1a) evenness, level, smoothness

1b) uprightness, equity

1c) rightly (as adv)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmpa — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
HR/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ See RIGHTEOUSNESS

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- God is perfect in

Isa 26:7

- God has pleasure in

1Ch 29:17

- God created man in

Ec 7:29

- Man has deviated from

Ec 7:29

- SHOULD BE IN

. Heart

2Ch 29:34; Ps 125:4

. Speech

Isa 33:15

. Walk

Pr 14:2

. Judging

Ps 58:1; 75:2

. Ruling

Ps 78:72

- The being kept from presumptuous sins is necessary to

Ps 19:13

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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