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Psalms 98:6 — Word Study

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WLCבַּ֭חֲצֹ֣צְרוֹת וְק֣וֹל שׁוֹפָ֑ר הָ֝רִ֗יעוּ לִפְנֵ֤י׀ הַמֶּ֬לֶךְ יְהוָֽה׃

BSAWith trumpetschătsôtsᵉrâh [wind instruments, shalmes] and the blastqôwl of the ram’s hornshôwphâr [ram's, sound of cornet, voice of a cornet] shout for joyrûwaʻ [make a joyful noise, sing in happiness] beforepânîym [in the presence of] the LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah] the Kingmelek [royal ruler, sovereign]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 98
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 6 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Yah.weh) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 98:6quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist calls for joyful praise to the LORD using trumpets and a ram's horn.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, addressing the community of Israel.
Where we areThis verse is part of a psalm celebrating God's kingship.
The hard wordשׁוֹפָר
Take awayJoyful noise is made before the sovereign LORD.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them › clause verbרוּעַ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 98:6

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Call to Praise the LORDgenerated

5Sing praises to the LORD with the lyre, in melodious song with the harp.
6With trumpets and the blast of the ram’s horn shout for joy before the LORD, the King.
7Let the sea resound, and all that fills it, the world, and all who dwell in it.
8Let the rivers clap their hands, let the mountains sing together for joy

Psalm 98:6 invites the people to celebrate the LORD's kingship with music and joyful shouts. This psalm emphasizes the importance of worship and the acknowledgment of God's sovereignty over all creation. It is a call to express joy and gratitude through sound, as seen in the surrounding verses that also encourage singing and praise.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 47:5God has ascended amid shouts of joy, the LORD with the sound of the horn.
2Psalm 81:2–4Lift up a song, strike the tambourine, play the sweet-sounding harp and lyre.
3Numbers 10:1–10Then the LORD said to Moses,
41 Chronicles 15:28So all Israel brought up the ark of the covenant of the LORD with shouting, with the sounding of rams’ horns and trumpets, and with cymbals and the music of harps and lyres.
52 Chronicles 5:12–13all the Levitical singers—Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun, and their sons and relatives—stood on the east side of the altar, dressed in fine linen and playing cymbals, harps, and lyres, accompanied by 120 priests sounding trumpets.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word שׁוֹפָר, sho.Fargenerated

The word שֹׁפָר (sho-far) refers specifically to a ram's horn used as a trumpet. It is commonly associated with signaling and calling people to attention, particularly in religious contexts. The term encompasses both the physical horn and the sound it produces, which is meant to evoke a response.

The ram's horn has significant cultural and religious implications in Israel's history, often used during important events such as festivals and battles. Its use in this verse highlights the communal aspect of worship, inviting everyone to join in the joyful noise before the LORD.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the verse is הָ֝רִ֗יעוּ, shout for joy, which governs the entire clause. The structure includes prepositional phrases and noun phrases that detail the means of this joyful shout, emphasizing the instruments used in worship.

The phrase בַּ֭חֲצֹ֣צְרוֹת (with trumpets) and וְק֣וֹל (and the sound of) set the scene for the joyful noise, while the concluding phrases clarify the context of this praise before the LORD, the King.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates שֹׁפָר as σάλπιγγος, which means 'trumpet' or 'horn.' This choice reflects a similar understanding of the instrument's role in worship and celebration. The use of a trumpet in both texts emphasizes the call to communal worship.

The Greek word ἀλαλάχατε for הָ֝רִ֗יעוּ suggests a loud shout, aligning with the Hebrew's emphasis on making a joyful noise.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 98:6 calls the people to praise the LORD with trumpets and a ram's horn. This joyful noise is an expression of worship, recognizing God as the King. The psalm encourages everyone to join in this celebration, highlighting the importance of music and sound in worship.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to shout for joy before the LORD?

To shout for joy before the LORD means to express happiness and gratitude in a loud and joyful manner, acknowledging God's greatness and sovereignty.

Why are trumpets and a ram's horn used in worship?

Trumpets and a ram's horn are used in worship to signal important events, call people to gather, and enhance the communal aspect of praise.

What is the significance of the phrase 'the King'?

The phrase 'the King' emphasizes God's authority and rule over all creation, inviting worshipers to recognize His sovereignty.

How can we apply this call to praise in our lives today?

We can apply this call to praise by incorporating joyful sounds and music into our worship, celebrating God's presence in our lives.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I express joy in my worship?
  2. How can music enhance my experience of God's presence?
  3. What does recognizing God as King mean for my daily life?
  4. How can I encourage others to join in joyful worship?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 98:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

With trumpet and sound of cornet,.... The Septuagint, Vulgate Latin, and Ethiopic versions, render it with ductile trumpets, such as were made of silver, as the two trumpets for the calling of the

Read John Gill on Psalms 98 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Make a joyful noise unto the LORD, all the earth: make a loud noise, and rejoice, and sing praise. -How Yahweh is to be praised by all the earth-namely, with all means in men's power-vocal and instrumental music. Verse 4.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 98 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 98:6 With trumpets and sound of cornet make a joyful noise before the LORD, the King.Ver. 6. Make a joyful noise] By the repeating and inculcating of this exhortation is intimated our dulness and backwardness to a business of this nature; the necessity of the duty, and excellency of the mercy that can never be sufficiently celebrated.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 98 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(6) Trumpets . . . cornet.—(See Numbers 10:2; Exodus 19:16; and Bible Educator, ii. 231, 232.) This is the only place in the psalm where the chatsotsereh, or “straight trumpet” is mentioned.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 98 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 6. With trumpets] חצצרות chatsotseroth. Some kind of tubular instruments, of the form and management of which we know nothing. And sound of cornet] שופר shophar, the word commonly used for what we call trumpet.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 98 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

6. The ‘trumpet’ was a straight metal tube, like the sacred trumpets represented on the arch of Titus: the ‘cornet’ was originally a ram’s horn, perhaps in later times a metal instrument of the same shape. See the illustrations in Driver’s Joel and Amos in this Series, p. 144.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 98 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

With trumpets - The word used here is uniformly rendered “trumpets” in the Scriptures. Numbers 10:2, Numbers 10:8-10; Numbers 31:6; et al.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 98 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

6. Trumpets and… cornet—For “cornet” see note on Psalms 81:3.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 98 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

With trumpets and the blast of the ram’s horn shout for joy before the LORD, the King.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

With trumpets and sound of the ram’s horn, make a joyful noise before the King, Yahweh.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

With trumpets and the blast of the ram’s horn shout for joy before the LORD, the King.

NETBNew English Translation2006

With trumpets and the blaring of the ram’s horn, shout out praises before the king, the Lord!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

With trumpets and sound of cornet make a joyful noise before the LORD, the King.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

With trumpets and sound of cornet Make a joyful noise before the King, Jehovah.

RVARevised Version, American1894

With trumpets and sound of cornet make a joyful noise before the King, the LORD.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

With trumpets and sound of cornet make a joyful noise before the LORD, the King.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

With shalmes and sound of trumpets sing loude before the Lord the King.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

With trumpets and sound of cornet, make a joyful noise before the King, Jehovah.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

With trumpets, and voice of a cornet, Shout ye before the king Jehovah.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

With trumpets, and voice of a horn, shout before the King, YHWH.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

With trumpets and the sound of cornet shout joyfully before the King, the Lord.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

With trumpets and the sound of the horn, make a joyful noise before the King, Yahweh.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Moses and Aaron among his priests: and Samuel among them that call upon his name. They called upon the Lord, and he heard them:

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

with trumpets and the sound of the ram's horn sing in happiness before the Lord, the King.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

With wind instruments and the sound of the horn, make a glad cry before the Lord, the King.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּ֭withnoun phraseחֲצֹ֣צְרוֹתtrumpetsוְand.[the]noun phraseק֣וֹלsoundשׁוֹפָ֑רof.a.ram's.hornverbהָ֝רִ֗יעוּshout.for.joyprepositional phrase · prepositionalלִbeforenoun phraseפְנֵ֤יpresencenoun phrasenoun phraseהַtheמֶּ֬לֶךְkingיְהוָֽהYahweh

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads, "בַּ֭חֲצֹ֣צְרוֹת וְק֣וֹל שׁוֹפָ֑ר הָ֝רִ֗יעוּ לִפְנֵ֤י׀ הַמֶּ֬לֶךְ יְהוָֽה׃" The Septuagint aligns closely with the Masoretic Text, maintaining the same essential elements, though its word order and articles differ due to translation choices. The Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q94) contain a fragment with some words preserved and others partially restored or supplied by an editor, but they also support the core message found in the Masoretic Text, particularly in the phrases regarding trumpets and the Lord as King. Overall, the witnesses agree on the key elements of the verse, affirming the call to shout for joy before the Lord, the King.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

בַּ֭חֲצֹ֣צְרוֹת וְק֣וֹל שׁוֹפָ֑ר הָ֝רִ֗יעוּ לִפְנֵ֤י׀ הַמֶּ֬לֶךְ יְהוָֽה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
בַּ֭חֲצֹ֣צְרוֹתἐνוְק֣וֹלφωνῇשׁוֹפָ֑רσάλπιγγοςהָ֝רִ֗יעוּἀλαλάχατεלִפְנֵ֤י׀ἐνώπιονהַמֶּ֬לֶךְβασιλέωςיְהוָֽה׃κυρίου

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q94a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[בחצצרות] [וקול] שופר הריעו [לפני] [המלך] [יהוה]

1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 98:6חֲצֹצְרָהwith trumpewith trumpetsחֲצֹצְרָהקוֹלand [the] sand [the] soundקוֹלשֹׁפָרa ram's hora ram's hornשֹׁפָררוּעַshout for jshout for joyרוּעַפָּנֶהbeforebeforeפָּנֶהמֶ֫לֶךְthe kingthe kingמֶ֫לֶךְיהוהYahwehYahwehיהוהחצצרto blowto blowחצצרשָׁפַרto polishto polishשָׁפַרפָּנָהCorner (GaCorner (Gate)פָּנָהמָלַךְto reignto reignמָלַךְהָיָהto beto beהָיָהתְּרוּעָהshoutshoutתְּרוּעָהשֹׁפָרtrumpettrumpetשֹׁפָרתָּקַעto blowto blowתָּקַעחֲצֹצְרָהtrumpettrumpetחֲצֹצְרָהסָתַרto hideto hideסָתַרנוּסto fleeto fleeנוּסנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּרNebuchadneNebuchadnezzarנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּראַשּׁוּרAsshurAsshurאַשּׁוּרנְאֻםutteranceutteranceנְאֻםצָבָאarmyarmyצָבָא
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 98:6

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

with trumpets and [the] sound of a ram's horn shout for joy before the king Yahweh
בַּ֭חֲצֹ֣צְרוֹתba.cha.Tzo.tze.rot with trumpets H2689 Preposition · noun common feminine plural absolute
29× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for trumpet, which made a quavering note, is used in the Bible to signal important events. In Numbers 10:2, God tells Moses to make two trumpets to call the community together. Trumpets were also used in battle, as in Joshua 6:4.
Amplified meaning
wind instruments, shalmes
Tyndale gloss
trumpet
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֲצֹצְרָה (chatsotsrah) refers to a trumpet, characterized by its distinctive sound. It is noted for both secular and sacred uses, suggesting its importance in various contexts. The word is derived from a related term, חָצֹר (chatsor), which also pertains to sound.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֲצֹצְרָה n.f. clarion

as secular instr.

as sacred instr.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2689 חֲצֹצְרָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2689 chatsotsrah khats-o-tser-aw'

by reduplication from 2690; a trumpet (from its sundered or

quavering note):--trumpet(-er).

see HEBREW for 02690

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֲצֹצְרָה (cha.tso.tse.rah) — trumpet.

trumpet, clarion

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fp — Preposition · noun common feminine plural absolute
HR/Ncfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Trumpets

Were of a great variety of forms, and were made of divers materials. Some were made of silver (Num. 10:2), and were used only by the priests in announcing the approach of festivals and in giving signals of war. Some were also made of rams’ horns (Josh. 6:8). They were blown at special festivals, and to herald the arrival of special seasons (Lev. 23:24; 25:9; 1 Chr. 15:24; 2 Chr. 29:27; Ps. 81:3; 98:6).

“Trumpets” are among the symbols used in the Book of Revelation (Rev. 1:10; 8:2). (See HORN.)

Nave's Topical Bible

→ FEAST OF

When and how observed Le 23:24,25; Nu 29:1-6

Celebrated after the captivity with joy Ne 8:2,9-12

See FEASTS

with trumpets and [the] sound of a ram's horn shout for joy before the king Yahweh
וְק֣וֹלve.Kol and [the] sound of H6963 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
506× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A voice or sound, it can refer to the sound of a person speaking, an animal, or a musical instrument. In the Bible, it is often used to describe God's voice or the sound of praise and worship.
Tyndale gloss
voice: sound
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קוֹל (qol) primarily means 'voice' or 'sound,' encompassing various contexts such as music, noise, and even thunder. It can also denote lightness or frivolity. The word is built from a root meaning to call aloud and appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament, including a reference in Jeremiah 3:9.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קוֹל 506 n.m. sound, voice

base

קֹל n.[m.] lightness, frivolity;—Je 3:9

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6963a קוֹל sound, voice H6963b קֹל lightness, frivolity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6963 qowl kole

or qol {kole}; from an unused root meaning to call aloud; a

voice or sound:--+ aloud, bleating, crackling, cry (+ out),

fame, lightness, lowing, noise, + hold peace, (pro-)claim,

proclamation, + sing, sound, + spark, thunder(-ing), voice, +

yell.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קוֹל (qol) — voice.

: voice/shout/loud

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קֹל (qol) — frivolity.

lightness, frivolity

קוֹל (qol) — voice: sound.

: sound/noise

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: thunder.

: thunder

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: message.

: message/proclaim

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: [sound of].

: [sound_of](THING)

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: listen.

: listen

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

with trumpets and [the] sound of a ram's horn shout for joy before the king Yahweh
שׁוֹפָ֑רsho.Far a ram's horn H7782 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
72× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a trumpet or cornet, often made from a ram's horn. It was used in the Bible to signal important events or to sound an alarm, and is still used today in some Jewish traditions.
Amplified meaning
ram's, sound of cornet, voice of a cornet
Tyndale gloss
trumpet
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֹׁפָר (sho-far) refers to a horn or trumpet, specifically one used for blowing. It is derived from a root meaning to incise and is associated with producing a clear sound. The term encompasses both a cornet and a ram's horn, as noted in various lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֹׁפָר, שׁוֹפָר 72 n.m. horn, for blowing

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7782 שֹׁפָר, שׁוֹפָר horn, for blowing

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7782 showphar sho-far'

or shophar {sho-far'}; from 8231 in the original sense of

incising; a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved

horn:--cornet, trumpet.

see HEBREW for 08231

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֹׁפָר (sho.phar) — trumpet.

horn, ram's horn

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See MUSIC.

with trumpets and [the] sound of a ram's horn shout for joy before the king Yahweh
הָ֝רִ֗יעוּha.Ri.'u shout for joy H7321 Verb · Hiphil · imperative second person masculine plural
44× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to shout or make a loud noise, like a war cry or a joyful sound. In Numbers 10:9, the Israelites would shout to sound the alarm for war or to signal a gathering. It is about making a loud noise to get attention.
Amplified meaning
make a joyful noise, sing in happiness
Tyndale gloss
to shout
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רוּעַ (ruwa`) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning to shout or raise a sound. It encompasses a range of actions, including giving a blast with a horn, shouting in alarm or joy, and even signaling for battle. The word can also imply destruction in certain contexts. The entries highlight its use in various forms, such as Hiphil and Niphal.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רוּעַ] vb. Hiph. 40 1. raise a shout. 2. give a blast with clarion or horn

Pō‛lal. a shout shall not be uttered

Hithpō‛l.

shout in triumph

shout for joy

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7321 [רוּעַ] Hiph. 1. raise a shout. 2. give a blast with clarion or horn

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7321 ruwa` roo-ah'

a primitive root; to mar (especially by breaking);

figuratively, to split the ears (with sound), i.e. shout (for

alarm or joy):--blow an alarm, cry (alarm, aloud, out),

destroy, make a joyful noise, smart, shout (for joy), sound an

alarm, triumph.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רוּעַ (ru.a) — to shout.

1) to shout, raise a sound, cry out, give a blast

1a) (Hiphil)

1a1) to shout a war-cry or alarm of battle

1a2) to sound a signal for war or march

1a3) to shout in triumph (over enemies)

1a4) to shout in applause

1a5) to shout (with religious impulse)

1a6) to cry out in distress

1b) (Polal) to utter a shout

1c) (Hithpolel)

1c1) to shout in triumph

1c2) to shout for joy

2) (Niphal) destroyed

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Impv-2mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperative second person masculine plural
HVhv2mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

joi (simchah; chara):

1. Terms:

The idea of joy is expressed in the Old Testament by a wealth of synonymous terms that cannot easily be differentiated. The commonest is simchah (1Sa 18:6, etc.), variously translated in English Versions of the Bible "joy," "gladness," "mirth"; from sameah, properly "to be bright," "to shine" (Pr 13:9, "The light of the righteous rejoiceth," literally, "is bright"), but generally used figuratively "to rejoice," "be glad" (Le 23:40 and very frequent).

Other nouns are masos and sason, both from sus, properly "to spring," "leap," hence, "exult," "rejoice"; rinnah, "shouting." "joy"; gil, from verb gil or gul, "to go in a circle," hence, "be excited" (dancing round for joy), "rejoice." In the New…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Attributed to God De 28:63; 30:9; Jer 32:41

→ In heaven Lu 15:10-32

→ UNCLASSIFIED SCRIPTURES RELATING TO De 12:18; 1Sa 2:1; 1Ch 16:27; 2Ch 7:10; Ezr 6:22; Ne 8:10,12; 12:43; Job 8:21; 22:21,26; 33:26; Ps 2:11; 4:7; 5:11; 9:2,14; 13:5; 14:7; 16:5,6,8,9,11; 17:15; 19:8; 20:5; 21:1,6; 28:7…

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- God gives

Ec 2:26; Ps 4:7

- Christ appointed to give

Isa 61:3

- Is a fruit of the Spirit

Ga 5:22

- The gospel, good tidings of

Lu 2:10,11

- God's word affords

Ne 8:12; Jer 15:16

- The gospel to be received with

1Th 1:6

- Promised to saints

Ps 132:16; Isa 35:10; 55:12; 56:7

- Prepared for saints

Ps 97:11

with trumpets and [the] sound of a ram's horn shout for joy before the king Yahweh
לִפְנֵ֤י׀lif.Nei before H6440 Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct
2,127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Amplified meaning
in the presence of
Tyndale gloss
face
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces

face, faces

presence, person

technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

face of seraphim

face of animals

face (= surface) of ground

as adv.loc. before

for other phrases

with prepositions

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces

. . presence, person

. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

. face of seraphim

. face of animals

. face (= surface) of ground

. as adv. loc. before

. for other phrases

. with prepositions

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6440 paniym paw-neem'

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh

{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);

used in a great variety of applications (literally and

figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a

preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),

against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),

+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,

face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er

time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +

honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +

meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,

open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,

presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right

forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,

X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.

: before/to/front

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.

: face

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct
HR/Ncmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

be-for': The translation of a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. "Haran died before (the English Revised Version "in the presence of," literally "before the face of") his father Terah" (Ge 11:28). To be "before" God is to enjoy His favor (Ps 31:22). "The Syrians before" (Isa 9:12 the Revised Version, margin "on the east," as "behind," owing to the position of Canaan, relative to Syria, implies the west).

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
with trumpets and [the] sound of a ram's horn shout for joy before the king Yahweh
הַמֶּ֬לֶךְha.Me.lekh the king H4428 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
2,526× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Amplified meaning
royal ruler, sovereign
Tyndale gloss
King's
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מֶ֫לֶךְ (*melek*) means 'king.' It is derived from a root that suggests royalty. The term appears in various contexts, including references to specific kings and locations, such as the 'King's Highway' in Numbers 20:17 and the 'King's Valley' in Genesis 14:17. The lexicons note its Aramaic equivalent and mention its use in the context of individuals like Hammelech in Jeremiah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֶ֫לֶךְ 2513 n.m. king

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4428 מֶ֫לֶךְ king

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4428 melek meh'-lek

from 4427; a king:--king, royal.

see HEBREW for 04427

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.

1) king

Aramaic equivalent: me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4430)

הַמֶּלֶךְ (me.lekh) — `the king`.

'the king' or a name, Hammelech in KJV of Jer.36.26; 38.6- a man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;

father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";

§ A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;

father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

King's (Highway) (Num.20.17)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

Another name of she.lach (שֶׁ֫לַח "Shelah" H7975A)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — Milcom.

Another name of mo.lekh (מֹ֫לֶךְ "Molech" H4432)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

King

Is in Scripture very generally used to denote one invested with authority, whether extensive or limited. There were thirty-one kings in Canaan (Josh. 12:9, 24), whom Joshua subdued. Adonibezek subdued seventy kings (Judg. 1:7). In the New Testament the Roman emperor is spoken of as a king (1 Pet. 2:13, 17); and Herod Antipas, who was only a tetrarch, is also called a king (Matt. 14:9; Mark 6:22).

This title is applied to God (1 Tim. 1:17), and to Christ, the Son of God (1 Tim. 6:15, 16;

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Called KING OF KINGS Ezr 7:12; Eze 26:7; Da 2:37

→ Divinely authorized De 17:15; 1Sa 9:16,17; 16:12; 1Ch 22:10; 2Ch 2:11,12; Pr 8:15; Da 2:21,37; 4:17; 5:20; Ho 8:4; 13:11

→ How chosen

By divine appointment, Saul 1Sa 10:1

with trumpets and [the] sound of a ram's horn shout for joy before the king Yahweh
יְהוָֽה׃Yah.weh Yahweh H3068 Noun proper
6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
Yehovah
Tyndale gloss
The Lord
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpt
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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