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Song of Solomon 6:10 — Word Study

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WLCמִי־ זֹ֥את הַנִּשְׁקָפָ֖ה כְּמוֹ־ שָׁ֑חַר יָפָ֣ה כַלְּבָנָ֗ה בָּרָה֙ כַּֽחַמָּ֔ה אֲיֻמָּ֖ה כַּנִּדְגָּלֽוֹת׃ ס

BSAWhomîy is thiszôʼth [the beloved, the radiant one] who shinesshâqaph [looks forth, gazes out] likekᵉmôw the dawnshachar [at the break of day] as fairyâpheh [beautiful, lovely] as the moonlᵉbânâh [in all its luminescence] as brightbar [clear, pure] as the sunchammâh [in its radiant heat] as majesticʼâyôm [awe-inspiring, terrible] as the stars in processiondâgal [an army with banners, with flags, in grand array]

Word
Listen & take awaySong of Solomon 6
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ka.nid.ga.Lot) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Song of Solomon 6:10quick helps
In a sentenceThe beloved is described as radiant and beautiful, shining with the glory of dawn and stars.
Who is speakingThe speaker is the beloved's admirer, marveling at her beauty.
Where we areThis verse is part of a poetic dialogue in the Song of Solomon, celebrating love and beauty.
The hard wordאֲיֻמָּ֖ה
Take awayThe beloved's beauty is likened to celestial bodies, emphasizing her uniqueness.
clause The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Song of Solomon 6:10

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Beauty of the Belovedgenerated

9but my dove, my perfect one, is unique, the favorite of the mother who bore her. The maidens see her and call her blessed; the queens and concubines sing her praises.
10Who is this who shines like the dawn, as fair as the moon, as bright as the sun, as majestic as the stars in procession?
11I went down to the walnut grove to see the blossoms of the valley, to see if the vines were budding or the pomegranates were in bloom.
12Before I realized it, my desire had set me among the royal chariots of my people.

Song of Solomon 6:10 describes the beloved in a series of similes, comparing her beauty to the dawn, moon, sun, and stars. This passage highlights the admiration and awe felt by the speaker, who perceives the beloved as a radiant figure amidst the natural beauty of the world. The surrounding verses emphasize her uniqueness and the affection she inspires in others.


The Key Word אֲיֻמָּ֖ה, 'a.yu.Mahgenerated

The word אֲיֻמָּ֖ה ('ayom) is an adjective meaning 'majestic' or 'terrible.' It conveys a sense of awe and grandeur, suggesting that the beloved's beauty inspires both admiration and reverence. This word is derived from a root that implies fearfulness, which adds depth to the description of her beauty.

In this context, אֲיֻמָּ֖ה enhances the portrayal of the beloved by linking her beauty to the overwhelming majesty of celestial bodies, suggesting that she possesses a power that captivates and commands attention.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as 'majestic,' which aligns with the idea of awe-inspiring beauty. The ASV, KJV, and others choose 'terrible,' emphasizing a sense of fear or dread associated with her beauty.

Where translations differ is in the rendering of אֲיֻמָּ֖ה: majestic (BSB, MSB) versus terrible (ASV, KJV). This reflects different interpretations of the emotional response elicited by the beloved's beauty.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause is governed by the verb נִּשְׁקָפָ֖ה (looks forth), which describes the subject מִי־ זֹ֥את (Who is this). The structure includes a series of comparisons that elaborate on the beloved's beauty, with each simile contributing to the overall image.

The use of similes, such as כְּמוֹ־ שָׁ֑חַר (like the dawn), יָפָ֣ה (as fair), and כַּֽחַמָּ֔ה (like the sun), creates a rhythm and emphasizes the beloved's radiant qualities.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates the Hebrew מִי־ as τίς (who?), maintaining the interrogative nature of the verse. This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the original Hebrew, preserving the emphasis on identity.

The Greek word θάμβος is used for אֲיֻמָּ֖ה, suggesting a focus on the fearsome or awe-inspiring aspect of the beloved's beauty, which aligns with the Hebrew's connotation.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Song of Solomon 6:10 asks a question about the identity of the beloved, comparing her beauty to various celestial phenomena. The verse highlights her radiance and uniqueness, suggesting that she stands out among all creation.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the verse mean by comparing the beloved to the dawn and the moon?

These comparisons highlight the beloved's beauty and radiance, suggesting she brings light and warmth, much like the dawn and the moon do in the night sky.

Why is the beloved described as majestic?

Describing the beloved as majestic emphasizes her awe-inspiring beauty, suggesting that she possesses a grandeur that captivates those who behold her.

How do the celestial comparisons enhance the imagery of the verse?

The comparisons to celestial bodies create a vivid picture of the beloved's beauty, linking her to the natural world and suggesting a divine or extraordinary quality.

Is the beloved's beauty meant to inspire fear or admiration?

The use of the word 'majestic' indicates that her beauty inspires both admiration and a sense of awe, reflecting the complexity of her character.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see beauty in the world around me that reminds me of the beloved's radiance?
  2. How can I appreciate the uniqueness of those I love, as the speaker does in this verse?
  3. What qualities make someone truly majestic in my life?
  4. How can I express admiration for the beauty I see in others?

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Who is this who shines like the dawn, as fair as the moon, as bright as the sun, as majestic as the stars in procession?

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Who is she who looks out as the morning, beautiful as the moon, clear as the sun, and awesome as an army with banners?

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Who is this who shines like the dawn, as fair as the moon, as bright as the sun, as majestic as the stars in procession?

NETBNew English Translation2006

“Who is this who appears like the dawn? Beautiful as the moon, bright as the sun, awe-inspiring as the stars in procession?”

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

¶ Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners?

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, Fair as the moon, Clear as the sun, Terrible as an army with banners?

RVARevised Version, American1894

Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, terrible as an army with banners?

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners?

GNVGeneva Bible1599

I went downe to the garden of nuttes, to see the fruites of the valley, to see if the vine budded, and if the pomegranates flourished.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Who is she that looketh forth as the dawn, Fair as the moon, clear as the sun, Terrible as troops with banners?

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

'Who [is] this that is looking forth as morning, Fair as the moon — clear as the sun, Awe-inspiring as bannered hosts?'

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

“Who [is] this that is looking forth as morning, || Beautiful as the moon—clear as the sun, || Awe-inspiring as bannered hosts?”

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Who is this that shineth forth like the morning-dawn, beautiful as the moon, bright as the sun, terrible as armies encamped round their banners?

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

“Who is this who appears like the dawn, as beautiful as the moon, as bright as the sun, as awe-inspiring as an army with its banners?”

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

I went down into the garden of nuts, to see the fruits of the valleys, and to look if the vineyard had flourished, and the pomegranates budded.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Who is this who is like the dawn shining down from above, beautiful as the moon, bright as the shining sun? You look stunning!

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Who is she, looking down as the morning light, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, who is to be feared like an army with flags?

Word by word, the decisions they made

אֲיֻמָּ֖ה'a.yu.Mah majestic H366 2 different renderings
terribleASV DBY ILT KJV NWB RVA
majesticBSB MSB

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausepredicateמִיwho?noun phrase · subjectזֹ֥אתthisnoun phraseהַ[is].thenoun phraseclauseclauseverbנִּשְׁקָפָ֖ה[one.who].looks.downprepositional phrase · prepositionalכְּמוֹlikeשָׁ֑חַר[the].dawnclausepredicateיָפָ֣הbeautifulprepositional phrase · prepositionalכַlikenoun phrasetheלְּבָנָ֗הmoonclausepredicateבָּרָה֙pureprepositional phrase · prepositionalכַּֽlikenoun phrasetheחַמָּ֔הsunclausepredicateאֲיֻמָּ֖הmajesticprepositional phrase · prepositionalכַּlike.(the).[hosts]noun phrasewithנִּדְגָּלֽוֹתbanners

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

Both the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their wording for this verse, with no significant variations. The word-by-word correspondence shows that the essential meaning has been preserved across these texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

מִי־ זֹ֥את הַנִּשְׁקָפָ֖ה כְּמוֹ־ שָׁ֑חַר יָפָ֣ה כַלְּבָנָ֗ה בָּרָה֙ כַּֽחַמָּ֔ה אֲיֻמָּ֖ה כַּנִּדְגָּלֽוֹת׃ ס

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
מִי־τίςזֹ֥אתαὕτηהַנִּשְׁקָפָ֖הἐκκύπτουσαכְּמוֹ־ὡσεὶשָׁ֑חַרὄρθροςיָפָ֣הκαλὴכַלְּבָנָ֗הσελήνηבָּרָה֙ἐκλεκτὴכַּֽחַמָּ֔הὡςאֲיֻמָּ֖הθάμβοςכַּנִּדְגָּלֽוֹת׃ סτεταγμέναι

11 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Song of Solomon 6:10מִיwho?who?מִיזֶהthisthisזֶהשָׁקַף[is] the [o[is] the [one wשָׁקַףכְּמוֹlikelikeכְּמוֹשַׁ֫חַר[the] dawn[the] dawnשַׁ֫חַריָפֶהbeautifulbeautifulיָפֶהלְבָנָהlike the fulike the full mלְבָנָהבַּרpurepureבַּרחַמָּהlike the sulike the sunחַמָּהאָיֹםmajesticmajesticאָיֹםדָּגַלlike hosts like hosts withדָּגַלשָׁחַרto seekto seekשָׁחַריָפָהbe beautifbe beautifulיָפָהלָבֵןto whitento whitenלָבֵןבָּרַרto purifyto purifyבָּרַרחָםhothotחָםמָהwhat?what?מָהשֶׂהשֶׂהכֵּןrightrightכֵּןאוֹרlightlightאוֹריָעַדto appointto appointיָעַדכְּמוֹlikelikeכְּמוֹתּוֹרָהinstructioinstructionתּוֹרָהשִׁירsongsongשִׁירחַלּוֹןwindowwindowחַלּוֹןבַּ֫עַדabout/throabout/through/fבַּ֫עַדחֹ֫מֶרclayclayחֹ֫מֶרשָׁכַםto riseto riseשָׁכַםרַעְיָהdarlingdarlingרַעְיָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Song of Solomon 6:10

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

who? this [is] the [one who] looks down like [the] dawn beautiful like the full moon pure like the sun majestic like hosts with banners
מִי־mi- who? H4310 Pronoun
423× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is used to ask questions like who, whose, or whom. It can also be used to express a wish, like would that or whoever. It appears in many forms throughout the Bible, often in phrases like O that or what.
Tyndale gloss
who?
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִי (mi) is an interrogative pronoun primarily used to ask about persons, meaning 'who?' or 'whose?'. It can also appear in rhetorical questions and has some idiomatic uses, such as 'who among...?' or 'whosoever'. The word is rarely applied to things, and its forms can vary in emphasis.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִי 423 pron.interrog. who? of persons

מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied

in the gen. whose

in an indirect qu.

מִי ב׳ who among … ?

strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.

various rhetorical uses whose

מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it

once, following a verb, any one

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4310 מִי who? of persons . מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied

. in the gen. whose

. in an indirect qu.

. מִי ב׳ who among … ?

. strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.

. various rhetorical uses whose

. מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it

. once, following a verb, any one

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4310 miy me

an interrogative pronoun of persons, as 4100 is of things,

who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also

(indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction

with prefix or suffix:--any (man), X he, X him, + O that!

what, which, who(-m, -se, -soever), + would to God.

see HEBREW for 04100

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִי (mi) — who?.

who?, whose?, whom?, would that, whoever, whosoever

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Pronoun
HPi
who? this [is] the [one who] looks down like [the] dawn beautiful like the full moon pure like the sun majestic like hosts with banners
זֹ֥אתzot this H2063 Particle
604× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means this or that, often used to point out something specific. It appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
the beloved, the radiant one
Tyndale gloss
this
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זֹאת (zot) is a demonstrative pronoun and adverb meaning 'this' or 'here.' It can stand alone or be used in apposition to a noun, often serving as a predicate. The word can also attach enclitically to interrogative pronouns to add emphasis. In poetry, it may function as a relative pronoun, though this is rare.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זֶה demonstr.pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here

standing alone

In appos. to subst.

More oft. as pred.

It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.

In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)

With prefixes (in special senses)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2063 זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here . standing alone

. In appos. to subst.

. More oft. as pred.

. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.

. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)

. With prefixes (in special senses)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2063 zo'th zothe'

irregular feminine of 2089; this (often used adverb):--

hereby (-in, -with), it, likewise, the one (other, same), she,

so (much), such (deed), that, therefore, these, this (thing),

thus.

see HEBREW for 02089

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זֹאת (zot) — this.

1) this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, such

1a) (alone)

1a1) this one

1a2) this...that, the one...the other, another

1b) (appos to subst)

1b1) this

1c) (as predicate)

1c1) this, such

1d) (enclitically)

1d1) then

1d2) who, whom

1d3) how now, what now

1d4) what now

1d5) wherefore now

1d6) behold here

1d7) just now

1d8) now, now already

1e) (poetry)

1e1) wherein, which, those who

1f) (with prefixes)

1f1) in this (place) here, then

1f2) on these conditions, herewith, thus provided, by, through this, for this cause, in this matter

1f3) thus and thus

1f4) as follows, things such as these, accordingly, to that effect, in like manner, thus and thus

1f5) from here, hence, on one side...on the other side

1f6) on this account

1f7) in spite of this, which, whence, how

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Particle
HTm
who? this [is] the [one who] looks down like [the] dawn beautiful like the full moon pure like the sun majestic like hosts with banners
הַנִּשְׁקָפָ֖הha.nish.ka.Fah [is] the [one who] looks down H8259 Particle · verb niphal participle (active) feminine singular
22× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To look means to gaze or peep out, like looking out a window. It can also mean to overlook or gaze down, as in Psalm 14 where God looks down on humanity to see their ways.
Amplified meaning
looks forth, gazes out
Tyndale gloss
to look
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁקַף (sha.qaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to look down or out, often implying an action of leaning over to gaze. It encompasses the ideas of overhanging and peeping, with forms indicating both passive and active looking. The entries suggest its use in contexts where one overlooks or observes from a height.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁקַף] vb. Niph. Hiph. overhang, look out and down

Niph. lean over (and look), look down

Hiph. look down

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8259 שָׁקַף overhang, look out and down . lean over (and look), look down

. look down

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8259 shaqaph shaw-kaf'

a primitive root; properly, to lean out (of a window), i.e.

(by implication) peep or gaze (passively, be a spectacle):--

appear, look (down, forth, out).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁקַף (sha.qaph) — to look.

1) to overlook, look down or out, overhang, look out and down

1a) (Niphal) to lean over (and look), look down

1b) (Hiphil) to look down, look down upon

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | V-Niphal — Particle · verb niphal participle (active) feminine singular
HTd/VNrfsa
who? this [is] the [one who] looks down like [the] dawn beautiful like the full moon pure like the sun majestic like hosts with banners
כְּמוֹ־ke.mov- like H3644 Preposition
143× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means like or as, used to compare things. It appears in the Bible to describe similarities or to make comparisons, such as in the book of Psalms.
Tyndale gloss
like
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כְּמוֹ (kemo) is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'like' or 'as,' often used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity. It can also mean 'when' or 'according to.' The word is derived from a pleonastic form of the prefix כְּ (k-) and is related to the word מוֹ (mo). There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3644 כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3644 kmow kem-o'

or kamow {kaw-mo'}; a form of the prefix "k-", but used

separately (compare 3651); as, thus, so:--according to, (such)

as (it were, well as), in comparison of, like (as, to, unto),

thus, when, worth.

see HEBREW for 03651

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — like.

adv

1) like, as, the like of which

conj

2) when, according as, as it were

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — (Geruth) Chimham.

Combined with ge.rut (גֵּרוּת "Geruth" H1628)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
who? this [is] the [one who] looks down like [the] dawn beautiful like the full moon pure like the sun majestic like hosts with banners
שָׁ֑חַרSha.char [the] dawn H7837 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
24× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Dawn, or the beginning of a new day, is described in the Bible as a time of new light and hope. It first appears in Genesis 1:5, describing the first day of creation. This concept is also used figuratively to describe a new beginning.
Amplified meaning
at the break of day
Tyndale gloss
dawn
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁ֫חַר (shachar) means 'dawn' and can refer to both the literal time of day and figuratively or adverbially to concepts of early light or morning. It is derived from a related root, שָׁחַר (H7836), and is used in various contexts to denote the beginning of light.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׁ֫חַר n.m. dawn

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7837 שַׁ֫חַר dawn

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7837 shachar shakh'-ar

from 7836; dawn (literal, figurative or

adverbial):--day(-spring), early, light, morning, whence

riseth.

see HEBREW for 07836

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁ֫חַר (sha.char) — dawn.

1) dawn

1a) dawn

1b) at dawn (as adverb)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
who? this [is] the [one who] looks down like [the] dawn beautiful like the full moon pure like the sun majestic like hosts with banners
יָפָ֣הya.Fah beautiful H3303 Adj
42× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Beautiful things in the Bible are described as fair, lovely, and pleasant, as seen in the Song of Solomon, which celebrates the beauty of love and relationships. The term is used to describe people, places, and things that bring joy and delight.
Amplified meaning
beautiful, lovely
Tyndale gloss
beautiful
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָפֶה (yapheh) means 'fair' or 'beautiful,' and can describe something that is aesthetically pleasing or attractive. It is derived from the root word יָפָה (yafah). The entries consistently emphasize its use in both literal and figurative contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָפֶה adj. fair, beautiful

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3303 יָפֶה fair, beautiful

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3303 yapheh yaw-feh'

from 3302; beautiful (literally or figuratively):--+

beautiful, beauty, comely, fair(-est, one), + goodly,

pleasant, well.

see HEBREW for 03302

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָפֶה (ya.pheh) — beautiful.

fair, beautiful, handsome

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAafsa
who? this [is] the [one who] looks down like [the] dawn beautiful like the full moon pure like the sun majestic like hosts with banners
כַלְּבָנָ֗הkha.le.va.Nah like the full moon H3842 Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for moon refers to its white appearance, as seen in the night sky.
Amplified meaning
in all its luminescence
Tyndale gloss
moon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לְבָנָה (lbanah) means 'moon' and is derived from the root meaning 'white.' The entries consistently define it as the moon, with a poetic connotation. It is noted for its association with brightness, reflecting the moon's appearance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לְבָנָה n.f. moon, poet.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3842 לְבָנָה moon, poet.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3842 lbanah leb-aw-naw'

from 3835; properly, (the) white, i.e. the moon:--moon. See

also 3838.

see HEBREW for 03835

see HEBREW for 03838

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לְבָנָה (le.va.nah) — moon.

moon (as white)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HRd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

moon (yareach; meaning obscure--probably "wanderer"; by some given as "paleness"; selene): The moon was very early worshipped by the nations of the Far East as a divinity or the representative of one or more deities. These deities were both masculine and feminine. In Assyria and Babylonia the most common name for the moon-god was Sin or Sen. In Babylonia he was also called Aku and Nannara. In Egypt the moon was representative of several deities, all masculine. The chief of these was Thoth the god of knowledge, so called because the moon was the measurer of time. Babylonia has, also, Aa, the goddess of the moon, as the consort of the sun, while her equivalent was known in Phoenicia as Ashtaroth-karnaim. This personification and worship of the moon among the nations who were neighbors to Palestine was but part of an elaborate Nature-worship found among these people. Nor was this worship…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Moon

Heb. yareah, from its paleness (Ezra 6:15), and lebanah, the “white” (Cant. 6:10; Isa. 24:23), was appointed by the Creator to be with the sun “for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years” (Gen. 1:14-16). A lunation was among the Jews the period of a month, and several of their festivals were held on the day of the new moon. It is frequently referred to along with the sun (Josh. 10:12; Ps. 72:5, 7, 17; 89:36, 37; Eccl. 12:2; Isa. 24:23, etc.), and…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The moon held an important place in the kingdom of nature, as known to the Hebrews. Conjointly with the sun, it was appointed "for signs and for seasons, and for days and years;" though in this respect it exercised a more important influence, if by the "seasons" we understand the great religious festivals of the Jews, as is particularly stated in (Psalms 104:19) and more at length in Ecclus 43:6,7. The worship of the moon prevailed extensively among the nations of the East, and under a variety of aspects. It was one of the only two deities which commanded the reverence of all the Egyptians. The worship of the heavenly bodies is referred to in (Job 31:26,27) and Moses directly warns the Jews against it. (4:19) In the figurative language of Scripture, the moon is frequently…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

This beautiful and stately ruler of the night, Ge 1:16, is one of the chief witnesses to mankind of the goodness, wisdom, and power of the Creator, Ps 8:3; and as receiving all its light from the sun, and reflecting it on all around, it is a striking image of the church of Christ. In the clear sky of the East, the moon shines with peculiar brilliancy; and it was worshipped by most nations of antiquity, either directly, or as an idol-goddess under the name of Ashtoreth, Artemis, Diana, Hecate, Meni, Mylitta, Maja, etc. The Hebrews were specially cautioned against this form of idolatry, De 4:19 17:3; and yet fell into it; 2Ki 21:3

who? this [is] the [one who] looks down like [the] dawn beautiful like the full moon pure like the sun majestic like hosts with banners
בָּרָה֙ba.Rah pure H1249 Adj
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The word 'bar' can also mean pure or clean, describing something as sincere or empty. It is used in various contexts, like describing a person's heart or intentions. This term appears in books like Psalms and Proverbs.
Amplified meaning
clear, pure
Tyndale gloss
pure
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּר (bar) means pure or clean, and can also imply clarity or emptiness. It is an adjective that describes something as sincere or untainted. The word is derived from a root that suggests beloved or choice qualities, indicating a range of meanings from purity to clarity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּר adj. pure, clean

pure, clear

clean

perh. adv. kiss purely, of sincere homage

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1249 בַּר pure, clean

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1249 bar bar

from 1305 (in its various senses); beloved; also pure,

empty:--choice, clean, clear, pure.

see HEBREW for 01305

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּר (bar) — pure.

adj

1) pure, clear, sincere

2) clean, empty

adv

3) purely

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAafsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
who? this [is] the [one who] looks down like [the] dawn beautiful like the full moon pure like the sun majestic like hosts with banners
כַּֽחַמָּ֔הka.cha.Mah like the sun H2535 Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means heat or the sun, often referring to the sun's warmth. It appears in descriptions of nature and weather. In the Bible, it is used to describe the heat of the sun.
Amplified meaning
in its radiant heat
Tyndale gloss
heat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חַמָּה (chammah) refers to 'heat' and 'sun,' primarily in a poetic context. It is derived from the root word for heat, which emphasizes its connection to the sun's warmth. The entries consistently highlight its meanings without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חַמָּה n.f. heat, sun (poet.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2535 חַמָּה heat, sun (poet.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2535 chammah kham-maw'

from 2525; heat; by implication, the sun:--heat, sun.

see HEBREW for 02525

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חַמָּה (cham.mah) — heat.

sun, heat of the sun, heat

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HRd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Sun

(Heb. shemesh), first mentioned along with the moon as the two great luminaries of heaven (Gen. 1:14-18). By their motions and influence they were intended to mark and divide times and seasons. The worship of the sun was one of the oldest forms of false religion (Job 31:26,27), and was common among the Egyptians and Chaldeans and other pagan nations. The Jews were warned against this form of idolatry (Deut. 4:19; 17:3; comp. 2 Kings 23:11; Jer. 19:13).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

In the history of "greater light," of the creation the sun is described as "greater light," in contradistinction to the moon, the "lesser light," in conjunction with which it was to serve "for signs and for seasons, and for days, and for years," while its special office was "to rule the day." (Genesis 1:14-16) The "signs" referred to were probably such extraordinary phenomena as eclipses, which were regarded as conveying premonitions of coming events. (Jeremiah 10:2; Matthew 24:29) with Luke 21:25 The joint influence assigned to the sun and moon in deciding the "seasons," both for agricultural operations and for religious festivals, and also in regulating the length and…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The great luminary of day, which furnishes so many similitudes to the Hebrew poets, as well as those of all nations, Jud 5:31 Ps 84:11 Pr 4:18 Lu 1:78,79 Joh 8:12. For the idolatrous worship of the sun, see BAAL.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Created Ge 1:14-18; Ps 74:16; 136:7; Jer 31:35

→ Rising and setting of Ec 1:5

→ Diurnal motion of Ps 19:4,6

→ Worship of, forbidden De 4:19; 17:3

→ Worshiped Job 31:26-28; Jer 8:2; Eze 6:4,6; 8:16

→ Kings of Judah dedicate horses to 2Ki 23:11

→ Miracles concerning

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
who? this [is] the [one who] looks down like [the] dawn beautiful like the full moon pure like the sun majestic like hosts with banners
אֲיֻמָּ֖ה'a.yu.Mah majestic H366 Adj
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Ayom means something or someone that is terrible or frightful, causing fear or dread. It is used to describe something that inspires fear or awe.
Amplified meaning
awe-inspiring, terrible
Tyndale gloss
terrible
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אָיֹם (ayom) is an adjective meaning 'terrible' or 'dreadful.' It is derived from an unused root that conveys the idea of frightening. The entries consistently emphasize its connotation of fearfulness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָיֹם adj. terrible, dreadful

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H366 אָיֹם

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

366 'ayom aw-yome'

from an unused root (meaning to frighten);

frightful:--terrible.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָיֹם (a.yom) — terrible.

terrible, dreadful

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAafsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
who? this [is] the [one who] looks down like [the] dawn beautiful like the full moon pure like the sun majestic like hosts with banners
כַּנִּדְגָּלֽוֹת׃ סka.nid.ga.Lot like hosts with banners H1713 Preposition · verb niphal participle (active) feminine plural
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to raise a flag or banner, often in battle. In Psalm 20:5, it says we will set up banners in God's name, symbolizing victory and celebration. In Song of Solomon 6:4 and 10, the beloved is compared to an army with banners.
Amplified meaning
an army with banners, with flags, in grand array
Tyndale gloss
to look
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָּגַל (dagal) primarily means to look or behold, but it also denotes the act of raising a banner or standard, particularly in a military context. The entries indicate its use in both a literal sense of carrying a banner and a figurative sense of being conspicuous. Notably, it appears in Song of Solomon 5:10.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[דָּגַל] vb. look, behold Ct 5:10

ref

[דָּגַל] vb. denom. carry, or set up standard, banner

Qal set up standard in battle

Niph. bannered, supplied with standards

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1713a דָּגַל look, behold H1713b דָּגַל vb. denom. carry, or set up standard, banner .set up standard in battle

. bannered, supplied with standards

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1713 dagal daw-gal'

a primitive root; to flaunt, i.e. raise a flag; figuratively,

to be conspicuous:--(set up, with) banners, chiefest.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָּגַל (da.gal) — to look.

1) to look, behold

1a) (Qal) looked at, conspicuous (participle)

דָּגַל (da.gal) — to set a banner.

1) to carry a banner or standard, set up banner or standard

1a)(Qal) to set up standard (in battle)

1b) (Niphal) supplied with banners, bannered

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | V-Niphal — Preposition · verb niphal participle (active) feminine plural
HRd/VNrfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Thompson Chain Reference topics

figurative

Ps 20:5; 60:4; So 2:4; 6:4; Isa 13:2

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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