Luke 21

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 18 2 8 0 0 CHAPTER XXI ) Outline of Chapter 21) ) Theme: The Work Thou Gavest Him to Do) 21:1 4 A Widow s Offering) 21:5 ff.: Christ s Discourse on The Last Things) 21:5 7 The Occasion. The Temple s Destruction Foretold) 21:8 19 The Beginning of Woes or Birth Pains) 21:20 24 The Destruction of Jerusalem Foretold) 21:25 28 The Coming of the Son of Man) 21:29 33 The Lesson from the Fig Tree and All the Trees) 21:34 38 Exhortation to Watch) Summary of Final) Days in the Temple) and) Nights on the Mountain) ) 21:1 4 A Widow s Offering) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.41-41.12.44|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.41-41.12.44|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:41 44) 1 3 2 8 0 0 21 1 Looking up, Jesus saw the rich dropping their gifts into the temple treasury. 2 He also saw a poor widow drop in two very small coins, 3 and he said, Truly I say to you, this poor widow dropped in more than all the others. 4 For all these people out of their abundance dropped in (something) among the gifts, but she out of her poverty dropped in all she had, her whole living. ) ) 1. Looking up, Jesus saw the rich dropping their gifts into the temple treasury.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.0|AUTODETECT|” The connection between the present paragraph and the preceding is twofold. First of all, it is temporal. It seems reasonable to infer that after Jesus had delivered his Fifth Great Discourse, the Seven Woes 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.0|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.45-42.20.47|AUTODETECT|” ), briefly summarized in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.45-42.20.47|AUTODETECT|” Luke 20:45 47) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , he would take a brief rest. It was during that rest that, looking up from the bench on which he was probably sitting, he saw the rich dropping their gifts into the temple treasury. It is clear, therefore, that we must picture Jesus as being seated somewhere in the Women s Court, with its thirteen trumpet-shaped chests, that is, receptacles for gifts and dues. See map of the Temple on p. 924.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Secondly, the connection is topical, and this in a twofold sense: (a) Having just now exposed the hypocrisy of the scribes (20:45 47), Jesus proceeds to reveal the sincerity of a certain widow. He places her genuine religion over against the sham religion of the law-interpreters. (b) Just as important: Jesus has just now denounced the scribes for devouring widows houses (20:47). So now, by his own example, he shows how widows should be treated. The connection widows poor widow (20:47; 21:2) must not be missed. It must have been intentional. One should help and encourage widows and, wherever this can be done, one should hold them up as examples.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.41|AUTODETECT|” As Jesus was looking he noticed that the rich were dropping their gifts into the temple treasury, that is, into its receptacles, separately marked for different purposes. Some of these rich people were dropping in large amounts 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.41|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Of course, there was nothing wrong with that. Nevertheless, as Jesus saw it, it was not the amount of the gift that mattered most but the heart of the giver. This becomes clear from the following verses:) 1 1 2 8 0 0 2. He also saw a poor widow drop in two very small coins.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.42|AUTODETECT|” The original says two lepta. How much was this? It took two lepta to make one quadrant 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.42|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.9|AUTODETECT|” ); four quadrants or eight lepta to equal one as or assarion; and sixteen of the latter to reach the value of one denarius. It will be recalled that the denarius was a common laborer s daily wage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.9|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 20:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). So if a denarius was worth sixteen American pennies, then an assarion would be worth one penny, and a lepton one-eighth of a penny; hence the two lepta the widow contributed would amount to one-quarter of a cent.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 However, we cannot really figure this way, for the purchasing power of money is constantly changing. All we can safely say, therefore, is that, by human standards, what the widow gave did not seem to amount to much. Far more important, however, was the value Jesus placed on her gift: 3, 4. and he said, Truly I say to you, this poor widow dropped in more than all the others. For all these people out of their abundance dropped in (something) among the gifts, but she out of her poverty dropped in all she had, her whole living.��537��) By human calculation what this widow gave was insignificant. Measured by the divine standard, however, her contribution was priceless. Note the following:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.43|AUTODETECT|” a. What this widow did was so important in the eyes of Jesus that, according to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.43|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , he summoned his disciples, in order to rivet their attention upon it. This calling to himself of The Twelve had happened before, that is, on very important occasions, and this was another.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 b. In line with this is the fact that the Master introduced his teaching by saying, Truly I say to you, showing that what he was about to say was of great significance and should be taken to heart by them.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.20|AUTODETECT|” c. This poor widow dropped in more than all the others, said Jesus. In his estimation the two copper coins were sparkling diamonds. One might even say: they resembled talents which over a period of time doubled in value 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ); yes, doubled and redoubled, for her deed and Jesus comment have inspired thousands of people to follow her example.) 1 7 2 8 0 0 d. When the question is asked, What was it that made her gift so precious? the answer is that all the others had given out of their abundance, she out of her poverty, her want or lack.) Shall we say that she might at least have kept one of these small, thin copper coins for herself? But no, she gave both. In fact, she, knowing that God would not fail her, sacrificed everything. These two coins represented all she had to live on.) Total commitment to God and his cause is the lesson she has taught us.) For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 933 936.) ) 21:5 ff. Christ s Discourse on The Last Things) 21:5 7 The Occasion. The Temple s Destruction Foretold) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1-40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1-40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.1-41.13.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.1-41.13.4|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:1 4) 1 6 2 8 0 0 5 Now while some were talking about the temple, how it was adorned with goodly stones and votive offerings,��538�� he said:) 6 As for these things you are admiring, days will come when there will not be left one stone upon another that will not be thrown down. ) 7 Teacher, they asked him, when then will this happen, and what will be the sign when this is about to take place? ) ) A. The Temple Admired) 5. Now while some were talking about the temple, how it was adorned with goodly stones and votive offerings & ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.5|AUTODETECT|” Matthew (24:1) and Mark (13:1) point out that Jesus left the temple, and that it was while the little band Jesus and The Twelve was in the process of walking away from that magnificent building complex that the remarks recorded here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.5|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and parallels were made.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.1|AUTODETECT|” One of Christ s disciples 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.1|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1|AUTODETECT|” ), deeply impressed with the size and beauty of the temple, was unable to suppress an exclamation. Others followed until probably all joined in 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.5|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). They made remarks to Jesus about its huge stones and magnificent buildings. Luke s report has goodly stones and votive offerings. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 In order that we may be able to enter somewhat into their thoughts and emotions a brief description of the temple and its history is in order.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.28.3|AUTODETECT|” It was David who conceived in his heart to build a temple for the Lord. But for the reason stated in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.28.3|AUTODETECT|” I Chron. 28:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.6.1|AUTODETECT|” not to David but to his son Solomon was given the privilege to build it. He began to do so in the fourth year of his reign, hence in or about the year 969 b.c. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.6.1|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 6:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.6.38|AUTODETECT|” . It was finished seven years later 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.6.38|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 6:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.14.26|AUTODETECT|” ). Cedar and cypress wood from Lebanon, and white hard limestone were used in its construction. Because the level area of Moriah, on which it was built, was too small, the foundation had to be laid very deep and the space between hilltop and outer wall filled in. For an account of the furniture of this temple and of the manner in which it was dedicated see I Kings 6 8. This temple experienced stress and strain. In the course of the centuries it was plundered, renovated, desecrated, purged. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.14.26|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 14:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.15.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.15.18|AUTODETECT|” 15:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.14.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.14.14|AUTODETECT|” II Kings 14:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.15.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.15.35|AUTODETECT|” 15:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.16.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.16.17|AUTODETECT|” 16:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.23.4|AUTODETECT|” f.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.23.4|AUTODETECT|” 23:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.24.13|AUTODETECT|” f. Its treasures were carried to Babylon 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.24.13|AUTODETECT|” II Kings 24:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Finally, about the year 586 b.c. the Chaldean army destroyed Jerusalem, including Solomon s beautiful temple.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.3.3|AUTODETECT|” About fifty years later, at the return of a remnant from Babylonian captivity, an altar for a new temple was immediately built 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Ezra 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ). Sometime later work was begun in earnest on the building itself. It was completed about twenty years after the return. However, since it became clear that it would not be nearly as imposing and beautiful a structure as that of Solomon, the older people, who had known that first building, wept 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.3.12|AUTODETECT|” Ezra 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.3.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.3.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It was this temple that was plundered and desecrated by Antiochus Epiphanes in 168 b.c. Approximately three years later it was cleansed and rededicated by Judas Maccabaeus. Pompey captured and entered this temple but did not destroy it. However, Crassus deprived it of its treasures in 54 53 b.c.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.20|AUTODETECT|” Herod the Great altered and enlarged the temple complex. He expanded and beautified it to such an extent that the result could be called a new temple, though devout Jews probably refused to consider it such. In an eloquent address to the people the king, if we can trust Josephus, divulged his plan to make a thankful return, after the most pious manner, to God, for the blessings I have received from him, who has given me this kingdom, and to do this by making his temple as complete as I am able. He began to build it about the year 19 b.c. Long after his death it had not yet been entirely completed. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.20|AUTODETECT|” John 2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.5|AUTODETECT|” . The grandeur and beauty of the temple which Herod started to build and on which he had made very considerable progress is evident from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.5|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.1|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.5|AUTODETECT|” . See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.9|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . It is interesting to note that this elaborate structure was not finished until & just a few years before it was destroyed by the Romans, a.d. 70.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.1|AUTODETECT|” Here follows a brief description of Herod s temple complex. It should be studied in connection with the diagram. The entire huge area on which it stood a square measuring not much less than a thousand feet on each side was enclosed by a massive outer wall. Those coming from the north for example, from the suburb of Bethesda could enter by the north gate. The east wall overlooked the Kidron Valley. By way of what in later years was called the Golden Gate one was able from the temple area to cross the brook, and thus go to the Garden of Gethsemane, Bethany, and the Mount of Olives; or vice versa. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.1|AUTODETECT|” Mark 11:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.1|AUTODETECT|” John 18:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.16|AUTODETECT|” . See also on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.16|AUTODETECT|” Mark 11:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Coming from the south for example, from the Lower City it was possible to reach the Court of the Gentiles by means of the two Gates of Huldah. One of these was a double, the other a triple gate. Of all the gates that led from or to the outside these were the most widely used. Finally, from the Upper City one was able, by means of the four western gates, to enter the temple area. Very useful also were the two bridges with which two of these western gates were linked. Their remnants have been preserved to this very day.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Lining the outer wall were rows of high pillars. Each consisted of a single block of pure white polished marble. On the east, west, and north there were three parallel rows of columns, on the south four. This meant that three sides had two parallel halls, while the Royal Porch, where according to tradition the palace of Solomon used to be, had three.) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.23|AUTODETECT|” John 10:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.11|AUTODETECT|” states, It was winter, and Jesus was walking inside the temple, in Solomon s Porch [Portico or Colonnade]. This covered porch probably derived its name from the fact that of the temple which that king had built, this was in the days of Jesus the only remaining part. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.11|AUTODETECT|” Acts 3:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.12|AUTODETECT|” 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.41-41.12.44|AUTODETECT|” . It is understandable that the various ample and beautiful colonnades provided every opportunity for teaching 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.41-41.12.44|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:41 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.47|AUTODETECT|” and parallels; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.47|AUTODETECT|” Luke 19:47) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Beyond these colonnades that is, farther away from the outside wall there was the very spacious Court of the Gentiles, also extending all around. It was paved with variegated marble of the finest quality. This court was given its name because, though both Jews and Gentiles were welcome here, the latter were not allowed to proceed any farther toward the interior. In order to remind them of that restriction, the smaller area immediately enclosed by the Court of the Gentiles was surrounded by a 4� ft. high balustrade furnished with slabs on which was written, both in Greek and in Latin, this warning:) Let no man of another nation enter inside the barrier and the fence around the temple. Whoever is caught will have himself to blame that his death follows. ) For a picture of part of a slab with Greek lettering see Kollek and Pearlman, Jerusalem, A History of Forty Centuries, New York, 1968, p. 124,) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.1-42.21.4|AUTODETECT|” Proceeding westward from Solomon s Porch the person privileged to do so would, after crossing a portion of the Court of the Gentiles, via the Beautiful Gate enter the Women s Court. Men as well as women were allowed here. Just as Court of the Gentiles meant that Gentiles were not permitted any closer to the interior, so Women s Court was thus named in order to indicate that this was as far as women were allowed to go. It was equipped with large chambers and gave access to treasure vaults. Against the walls stood thirteen trumpet-shaped chests for gifts and dues. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.1-42.21.4|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.41-41.12.44|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.41-41.12.44|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:41 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.20|AUTODETECT|” ) and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.8.20|AUTODETECT|” John 8:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 come to mind at once.) 1 17 2 8 0 0 Male Israelites were allowed to proceed even farther, namely, into Israel s Court, a relatively narrow one. Between that and the Priests Court there was only a low partition, so that by some authors these two are considered one.) It was the Priests Court that encompassed the inner sanctuary with its Holy Place and Holy of Holies. To the east of it stood the very large altar of burnt-offering. Nearer to the sanctuary and a little farther to the south could be seen the laver, a colossal brazen reservoir that rested on the back of) ) Ground Plan of the Temple) in the Days of jesus��539��) ) ) H = Holy Place with Table of P = Porch ) Showbread, Incense Altar,) and Candelabrum N? = Nicanor s Gate) (location disputed) ) H of H = Holy of Holies ) B = Burntoffering Altar B G = Beautiful Gate ) L = Laver (Washbasin) G G = Golden Gate ) ) ) twelve big lions. Finally, there was the sanctuary itself. As to measurements, Josephus states that its ground floor was sixty cubits in height, the same in length, and twenty cubits in breadth.

But the sixty cubits of its length were again divided. The first portion [the Holy Place] was partitioned off at forty cubits & the innermost recess [Holy of Holies] measured twenty cubits. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.51|AUTODETECT|” This magnificent sanctuary must have been a marvelous sight to behold, since it was built of white marble, richly set off with gold on its front and sides. It was entered by means of a huge double-winged porch or vestibule, as indicated on the diagram. In front of the doorway to the Holy Place hung a beautifully colored Babylonian veil or curtain. There was also the second veil, the one that separated the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.51|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 27:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.19|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.3|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.3|AUTODETECT|” 9:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.20|AUTODETECT|” 10:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 4 2 8 0 0 As it was during the old dispensation so also now, the Holy Place contained A lampstand, a table, and an altar of incense, thus again Josephus, who adds, But in this [that is, in the Holy of Holies] stood nothing at all.& The candelabrum or seven-branched lampstand was among the temple treasures which by Titus and Vespasian were displayed in the triumphal procession which they conducted in Rome after the fall of Jerusalem, a.d. 70. See the picture in the aforementioned book, Jerusalem, A History of Forty Centuries, p. 131, and in many other sources.) I have purposely left to the last for special emphasis one very important point, namely, the height of the various parts. Now before proceeding any further it is only proper to call attention to the fact that we cannot be entirely certain about the dimensions mostly length and breadth given thus far. The Bible furnishes no information on this point. Josephus and the Mishnaic tractate by no means always agree. It is not surprising, therefore, that the secondary sources even our best textbooks disagree among themselves on several points.

See W. S. Caldecott and James Orr, The Temple of Herod, I.S.B.E., Vol. V, 2937 2940. The general picture is clear enough; conjecture sometimes probable, sometimes improbable or at least fruitless enters into the determination of many details. This holds also with respect to the height of the various parts.) With that reservation, it can now be pointed out that there were especially three features that made this temple unforgettable:) a.

Its vastness) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=11.6.2|AUTODETECT|” From east to west or northwest the temple complex increased in height. From the Court of the Gentiles to that of Women there was an ascent of fourteen steps; from there to the Court of Israel a rise of fifteen steps. A few more upward steps would bring one to the Priests Court; and twelve more, to the entrance of the sanctuary. Accordingly, highest of any of the buildings of this entire complex was the temple or sanctuary. It soared high above the vast Court of the Gentiles. Some of the stones in the building were forty-five cubits [67� feet] in length, five [7�] in height, and six [9] in breadth (Josephus).

The sanctuary, moreover, occupied the most elevated ground, and was buttressed by very formidable substructures. Its height was no less than sixty feet, compared to forty-five for the temple of Solomon 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=11.6.2|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). To this should be added another sixty feet for the upper chamber that covered the entire sanctuary. The whole temple, with the exception of the porch, was covered with a gabled roof of cedar wood. From its summit protruded sharp golden spikes to prevent birds from settling upon and polluting the roof (Josephus).) 1 6 2 8 0 0 From all this it follows that the best pictorial map of Herod s vast temple complex is the three-dimensional. See, for example, the reconstruction by the Conte de Vogue (Jerusalem, p. 100) or the Schick model, reproduced in several English and other language encyclopedias and archaeological texts, or Lazar Halberthal s colorful drawing.) Vastness, by reminding man of his littleness, inspires awe.) b. Its beauty) Says Josephus, The exterior of the building lacked nothing that could astonish either the soul or the eyes. For, [the exterior] being covered on every side with massive plates of gold, the sun had no sooner risen than it radiated so fiery a flash that those straining to look at it were forced to avert their eyes as from the solar rays. To approaching strangers it appeared from a distance like a snow-clad mountain, the reason being that whatever was not overlain with gold was purest white (Jewish War V.222). Though the rabbis were not at all in love with Herod I, nor with those who followed him, they had to admit, He who has not seen Jerusalem in her splendor has never in his life seen a desirable city.

He who has not seen the temple in its full construction has never in his life seen a glorious building. ��540��) Beauty is conducive to worship.) c. Its purpose) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.13|AUTODETECT|” That purpose is clearly stated in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.13|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 8:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.31-11.8.61|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.31-11.8.61|AUTODETECT|” 31 61) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.9.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.9.3|AUTODETECT|” 9:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.56.7|AUTODETECT|” ; and especially in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.56.7|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 56:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.49|AUTODETECT|” , for even though these passages pertain to the temple of Solomon, they clearly have meaning also with respect to the temple as it existed in the days of Jesus. Even the child Jesus called it my Father s house 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.49|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:49) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). And during his earthly ministry Jesus, quoting from Isaiah, declared the temple to be a house of worship. He said, Is it not written: My house shall be called a house of prayer for all the nations & ? ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.38|AUTODETECT|” The reason why just at this particular moment these men were thinking of the temple may well have been that Jesus had just said, Behold, your house is left to you a deserted place 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.38|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 23:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.35|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.35|AUTODETECT|” Luke 13:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Though it is probable that the expression your house meant Jerusalem, its temple was certainly included. It is as if the disciples were saying, Is it true that also this glorious structure is going to be entirely deserted? In substance Jesus answers, Not only deserted but totally destroyed. ) 1 9 2 8 0 0 After what has already been said about the temple s huge and goodly stones, no more need be added. The (votive) offerings were in the form of presents, probably on top of the walls and decorating them. Such offerings were, for example, the golden vines which Herod had donated, with grapeclusters as tall as a man (Josephus, Jewish War V.210). There must have been several such gifts, all very beautiful and clearly visible from the outside.) B. The Temple To Be Destroyed) Continued: he said, 6. As for these things you are admiring, days will come when there will not be left one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.) As to the fulfilment, when the Jews rebelled against the Romans, Jerusalem was taken by Titus, son of the emperor Vespasian (a.d. 69 79).

The temple was destroyed. It is believed that more than a million Jews, who had crowded into the city, perished. As a political unit Israel ceased to exist. As a nation specially favored by the Lord it had reached the end of the road even long before the beginning of the Jewish War.) An ex-combatant and eyewitness, Josephus, almost immediately after the struggle between the Jews and the Romans had ended, began to write his History of the Jewish War. On the whole his narrative may be described as trustworthy, although a definitely pro-Roman bias cannot be denied.) An excerpt from Josephus may illumine the fulfilment of 21:6:) That building [the temple at Jerusalem], however, God long ago had sentenced to the flames; but now in the revolution of the time periods the fateful day had arrived, the tenth of the month Lous, the very day on which previously it had been burned by the king of Babylon.& One of the soldiers, neither awaiting orders nor filled with horror of so dread an undertaking, but moved by some supernatural impulse, snatched a brand from the blazing timber and, hoisted up by one of his fellow soldiers, flung the fiery missile through a golden window.& When the flame rose, a scream, as poignant as the tragedy, went up from the Jews & now that the object which before they had guarded so closely was going to ruin (VI.250 253).) The words, There will not be left one stone on another that will not be thrown down, are probably to be interpreted as a hyperbolic prophecy of the thorough character of the destruction that would take place. See also on verse 24.) When the cleansing of the temple did not bring about genuine repentance, its destruction must follow.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=35.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Nevertheless, in his wrath the Lord remembered mercy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=35.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Hab. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.20|AUTODETECT|” ). Over the ruins of the earthly temple another temple was being established, that of Christ s body 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.20|AUTODETECT|” John 2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.3|AUTODETECT|” ), the church consisting of both Jew and Gentile. Doom came at last, but even that sentence of doom opened the door to blessing, and this for both Jew and Gentile. And throughout the ages the ancient prophecies would be going into fulfilment: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.87.0|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.87.0|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 87) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.54.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.54.2|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 54:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.54.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.54.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.60.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.60.3|AUTODETECT|” 60:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.1|AUTODETECT|” 65:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.31.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.31.31|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 31:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.1.11|AUTODETECT|” f.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , all this unto God s glory. ) 1 2 2 8 0 0 C. When Will This Happen?) 7. Teacher, they asked him, when then will this happen, and what will be the sign when this is about to take place?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.3|AUTODETECT|” A little later, when Jesus and The Twelve had arrived on the Mount of Olives, four disciples namely, Peter, James, John, and Andrew 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.3|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” ) stepped up to the Master and voiced the question which undoubtedly was in the minds of the entire little company, namely, When will this happen, and what will be the sign when this is about to take place? In a parallel passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), this question is framed somewhat differently, Tell us, when will this happen, and what (will be) the sign of thy coming and of the end of the age? ) 1 5 2 8 0 0 It is clear that, as these men interpreted the Master s words, Jerusalem s fall, particularly the destruction of the temple, would mean the end of the world. In this opinion they were partly mistaken, for a lengthy period of time would intervene between Jerusalem s fall and the culmination of the age, the second coming. Nevertheless, they were not entirely wrong: there was indeed a connection between the judgment to be executed upon nation and temple, on the one hand; and on the other hand, the final judgment on the day of the consummation of all things. The first was a type of the second.) Jesus, in a very general way, answered their question, and told them about the sign to look for. He did this in his Discourse on The Last Things, which begins at this point.) For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 933 936.) ) 21:8 19 The Beginning of Woes or Birth Pains) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.4-40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.4-40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:4 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.5-41.13.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.5-41.13.13|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:5 13) 1 10 2 8 0 0 8 He said to them, Take care that you are not deceived. For many will come in my name, saying, I am he, and The time is near. Do not follow them. 9 And when you hear of wars and insurrections, do not panic,��541�� for these things must happen first, but (that is) not immediately the end. ) 10 Then he said to them, Nation will rise up in arms against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. 11 There will be great earthquakes, and in various places famines and pestilences, and there will be dreadful portents and great signs from heaven.��542��) 12 But before all this they will lay their hands on you and will persecute you, handing you over to the synagogues and prisons, bringing you before kings and governors for my name s sake. 13 This will furnish you with an opportunity to testify.��543�� 14 So fix it in your hearts not to plan your defense beforehand, 15 for I will give you such wisdom of speech as all your adversaries combined will be unable to withstand or contradict. 16 Indeed, you will be betrayed even by parents and brothers and relatives and friends, and they will put some of you to death. 17 And you will be hated by everybody for my name s sake. 18 But not a hair of your head will perish. 19 By means of your endurance you will win your souls. ) ) 8 11. He said to them, Take care that you are not deceived. For many will come in my name, saying, I am he, and The time is near. Do not follow them.

And when you hear of wars and insurrections, do not panic, for these things must happen first, but (that is) not immediately the end.) Then he said to them, Nation will rise up in arms against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be great earthquakes, and in various places famines and pestilences, and there will be dreadful portents and great signs from heaven.) Jesus now proceeds to correct his disciples mistaken inference. He shows them that not everything that seems to be a sign of the end of the world is in reality such a sign. In other words, there are also signs which only in a very general sense are deserving of that name. Whenever these separate happenings are interpreted as being infallible indications that the end of the age is immediately in sight, they deserve the name mistaken signs. Thus Jesus predicts the coming of those who will say, I am he, and The time is near.

Jesus adds, Do not follow them. ) This also holds true with respect to wars and insurrections. When Jesus speaks these words, the Roman empire has been enjoying a long era of peace. But about four decades later political turmoil will upset the great realm from one end to the other, so that Rome will see four emperors in one year: Galba, Otho, Vitellus, and Vespasian. But these violent revolts and insurrections cannot by any stretch of the imagination constitute definite indications that the Lord will return immediately. So Jesus adds, Do not panic, for these things must happen first, but (that is) not immediately the end. This is evident at once when one considers the fact that wars and insurrections did not cease with Jerusalem s fall.

Throughout the centuries the prophecy attains fulfilment: nation will rise up in arms against nation, and kingdom against kingdom (verse 10). One author counted three hundred wars in Europe during the last three hundred years. And these wars are increasing in intensity. It is perfectly clear that when any particular war is singled out as a help for date-fixers, another mistaken sign has been produced.) Jesus also speaks about great earthquakes, and in various places famines and pestilences (verse 11). As was true with respect to other predicted events, so it is here. These disturbances in the physical realm are indeed foreshadowings and portrayals of that which, on a much more extensive and intensive scale, will take place in the realm of nature at the end of the age; but except in that very general sense they cannot be correctly termed signs.

Not any single one of them could ever give anyone the right to make predictions with reference either to the date of Jerusalem s fall or to the time of the Parousia (Christ s second coming). It is true that during the period a.d. 60 80 famine, pestilence, fire, hurricane, and earthquake ravaged the empire, as Renan points out in l Antichrist. Vesuvius erupted violently in the summer of 79, destroying Pompeii and its surroundings. But, as is already clear from the preceding sentence, these catastrophes were not limited to the decade preceding the fall of Jerusalem in the year 70. Moreover, throughout the centuries there have been violent earthquakes. Ancient historians, geographers, and philosophers such as Thucydides, Aristotle, Strabo, Seneca, Livy, and Pliny describe similar seismic phenomena in their days.

And as early as the year 1668 Robert Hooke wrote his work bearing the title, Discourse on Earthquakes. A certain author counted no less than seven hundred disturbances of this nature, great and small, which had occurred in the nineteenth century! Famines and pestilences, too, occur constantly. So do dreadful portents and great signs from heaven. Such things as comets, meteors, and even eclipses have always terrified people. But Jesus includes all such signs under the general caption of things that do not indicate that the time is near.) In spite of this clear warning which our Lord gave to his disciples, many present-day church members are filled with admiration for the minister or evangelist who speaks learnedly about The Signs of the Times, and strives to show his audience that this or that terrible battle, serious earthquake, devastating famine, or threatening comet on the basis of prophecy is the infallible sign of Christ s imminent return.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.33|AUTODETECT|” To be sure, the events here indicated have significance. They are steppingstones leading to the final goal. By means of them the end of the age is both foreshadowed and brought closer, and God s eternal plan is being carried forward. Moreover, when we realize that toward the end of the present dispensation the indicated disturbances will occur together 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.33|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.11|AUTODETECT|” ), will probably be more numerous, extensive, and fearful than ever before 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.11|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), and are going to take place in connection with the great tribulation that will usher in the Parousia, we may conclude that it would not be unreasonable to call the final outbreak of these terrors concurrent or accompanying signs. ) 1 2 2 8 0 0 12. But before all this they will lay their hands on you and will persecute you, handing you over to the synagogues and prisons, bringing you before kings and governors for my name s sake.) Note before all this. Predictions mentioned in the preceding lines, such as Nation will rise up in arms against nation, kingdom against kingdom, great earthquakes, etc., would be fulfilled throughout the entire new dispensation. On the other hand, being handed over to synagogues would occur only at the very beginning of this period, for after a.d. 70 (Jerusalem s fall) the synagogue would lose most of its persecuting power against Christians.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.1|AUTODETECT|” Substantiation for the fulfilment of this prophecy, as concerns persecution by the synagogue, during these very early days of the church, is found in such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.19|AUTODETECT|” 22:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.24|AUTODETECT|” . The latter passage shows that these early believers were flogged, and that one of those persecuters who caused believers in Christ to receive this horrible punishment was Saul (= Paul) of Tarsus. After his conversion he himself was going to be similarly tortured. He was going to write, From the Jews five times I received forty lashes less one 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.24|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.19|AUTODETECT|” This also implied imprisonment of Christians, as that same apostle shows by writing, I went from one synagogue to another to imprison and flog, etc. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.19|AUTODETECT|” Acts 22:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.1|AUTODETECT|” As to kings and governors who figured in the persecution of the early church, think of such kings as (a) Herod Agrippa I, who killed James (son of Zebedee), brother of the apostle John 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.14|AUTODETECT|” ), and (b) Herod Agrippa II before whom Paul made his defense. Even (c) Herod Antipas, who technically was not a king, is given this title at times 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.14|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.25-41.6.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.25-41.6.27|AUTODETECT|” 25 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.6-42.23.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.6-42.23.12|AUTODETECT|” Luke 23:6 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 And as to governors who took an active part in the persecution of Christ and/or his disciples, think of such procurators as Pontius Pilate, Felix, and Festus.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.4|AUTODETECT|” What is important is that Jesus says that this persecution will take place for my name s sake. When anyone persecutes Christ s disciples he is persecuting Christ himself, a fact that was stamped so indelibly on the mind and heart of Paul that, however much the accounts of that apostle s conversion may vary, the words, Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? are found in all three 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.4|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.7|AUTODETECT|” 22:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.14|AUTODETECT|” 26:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The persecuted one was maltreated because of his loyalty to Jesus. And no one was ever able to separate him from Christ s love and from the comfort imparted to him by that knowledge.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.5-44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Jesus continued: 13. This will furnish you with an opportunity to testify. How richly this prophecy was fulfilled. Christ s disciples testified by word of mouth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.5-44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:5 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.15|AUTODETECT|” 9:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.1-44.22.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.1-44.22.21|AUTODETECT|” 22:1 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.1|AUTODETECT|” 23:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.10-44.24.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.10-44.24.21|AUTODETECT|” 24:10 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.1-44.26.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.1-44.26.29|AUTODETECT|” 26:1 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.21-44.27.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.21-44.27.26|AUTODETECT|” 27:21 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.23-44.28.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.23-44.28.28|AUTODETECT|” 28:23 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.1-47.6.10|AUTODETECT|” ); by personal conduct 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.1-47.6.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:1 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.22-47.11.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.22-47.11.32|AUTODETECT|” 11:22 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.25|AUTODETECT|” ff.); and even by means of their songs 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.25|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.19|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.19|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.16|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 4 2 8 0 0 In days of sore trial and persecution, lying in dungeons perhaps, having been unmercifully beaten, etc., the followers of Jesus might be wondering what they should say when they are brought to trial. So Jesus here essentially repeats the promise of 12:11, 12. He says: 14, 15. So fix it in your hearts not to plan your defense beforehand, for I will give you such wisdom of speech as all your adversaries combined will be unable to withstand or contradict.) Comparison with the earlier promise (12:11, 12) shows that what the Holy Spirit does Jesus does also. From his position at the Father s right hand in glory he will, through his Spirit, impart to his dear ones the ability to say the right thing at the right time. In fact, by stating all your adversaries combined will not be able to withstand or contradict you he is even strengthening the promise of 12:11, 12.

That this prediction was gloriously fulfilled is clear from the book of Acts. See the references mentioned in the explanation of verse 13.) So frightful will be the hatred against believers because of their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ that even some of their relatives will join the opposition:) 16, 17. Indeed, you will be betrayed even by parents and brothers and relatives and friends, and they will put some of you to death. And you will be hated by everybody for my name s sake.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.21|AUTODETECT|” In a passage reminding one of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.12|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.12|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 Jesus predicts that hatred against himself and his cause will in some cases overcome ties of blood and of friendship.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.38.21|AUTODETECT|” That because of fundamental religious difference note for my name s sake hostility not infrequently arises between members of the same family is clear not only from such general statements as are found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.38.21|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 38:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.8|AUTODETECT|” but also from such actual examples as are recorded in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.8|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.4|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.4|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 11:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.27.41|AUTODETECT|” ) and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.27.41|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 27:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.14.26|AUTODETECT|” . Does not this fact help to explain the stern demand Jesus makes in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.14.26|AUTODETECT|” Luke 14:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.14.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.14.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ? Some believers would even be put to death through the mediation of nearest relatives and/or former friends.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.37|AUTODETECT|” The expression You will be hated by everybody or by all means by men in general, regardless of rank, station, race, nationality, sex, or age. Is not the same true also with respect to the use of all in such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.37|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.20|AUTODETECT|” 5:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.32|AUTODETECT|” 11:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.26|AUTODETECT|” John 3:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ? Because the world hates Christ it also hates his representatives, the Christians.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The paragraph ends on a note of comfort: 18, 19. But not a hair of your head will perish. By means of your endurance you will win your souls.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.29|AUTODETECT|” But is not this a contradiction? After saying They will put some of you to death (verse 16), how can Jesus almost immediately add, But not a hair of your head will perish (verse 18)? But certainly Jesus would not, in one and the same breath, utter two violently conflicting sayings! And Luke did not think it necessary to offer an explanation. The solution, it would seem to me, is rather easy for anyone acquainted with the teaching of Jesus. All one has to do is to turn back to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.30|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.30|AUTODETECT|” 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” . He will then see that what Jesus meant was that nothing, not even our hairs, is excluded from the domain of God s tender care, so that we may be assured that if any hair perishes it is by his will and for his purpose. And that purpose is always the promotion of our salvation, to God s glory. See such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.19|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.11|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 4:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.10|AUTODETECT|” 5:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.1|AUTODETECT|” What is necessary, however, is that God s children persevere. They must never lose courage, but should remain faithful no matter how fierce the persecution may get to be. Their endurance by God s strength-imparting grace, of course is the instrument the Lord uses to give them the ultimate victory. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.1|AUTODETECT|” Luke 18:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .��544��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.1-42.21.19|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.1-42.21.19|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:1 19) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Verse 4) She out of her poverty dropped in all she had, her whole living. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.9|AUTODETECT|” The deed was beautiful because it was Christlike. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.9|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 8:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 10 2 8 0 0 Appropriate songs, in this connection, are:) H. B. Grose, Give of your best to the Master. ) F. R. Havergal, I gave my life for thee. ) There are different varieties of giving:) a. The flint gives off sparks when struck hard.) b. A lemon yields juice when it is squeezed.) c. The rose, orange blossom, jasmine, gardenia, and mint (to mention only a few) release fragrance of their own accord. ) Should not every person ask himself, To which of these groups do I belong? ) Verses 5, 6) The temple & adorned with goodly stones.& There will not be left one stone upon another that will not be thrown down. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.18|AUTODETECT|” Herod s temple was very beautiful and costly & but not destined to last. God s temple, the church universal, is destined to last and last and last. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 16:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.18|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 4:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 5 2 8 0 0 Someone wrote:) All things that are on earth shall surely pass away) Except the love of God, which shall live and last for aye. ) Verse 13) This will furnish you with an opportunity to testify. What a refreshing way to regard trial and persecution!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.54-44.7.60|AUTODETECT|” Moreover, that was exactly what the leaders and many of the followers too, of course in the early church did with these experiences. Note, for example, what Stephen did when he was being stoned 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.54-44.7.60|AUTODETECT|” Acts 7:54 60) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.1-44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ); what Peter did 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.1-44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:1 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12-50.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ); and Paul 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12-50.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:12 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Verse 19) By means of your endurance you will win your souls. Endurance is pertinacity, stick-to-itiveness. An old illustration: A man drives a tunnel a mile long through strata he is sure contain gold. Not finding it, he gives up. He then sells his property, including the tunnel, for a very modest sum. The buyer extends the tunnel a yard farther & and finds gold!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.22|AUTODETECT|” He that endures to the end, he will be saved 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.22|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.10|AUTODETECT|” ). It can be done through God s grace 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.10|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 19 2 8 0 0 ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 21:1 19) Verse 1) The term ������������� (or -����) consists of two parts: ����, Persian for treasure, and ������, guard, safeguard; hence a chest into which treasures or gifts could be dropped and guarded; i.e., safely kept.) Verse 2) ��������, fem. acc. s. of ��������, needy, poor. Cf. penury.) �����, acc. pl. of ������, peeled, small, light, thin; hence, a very thin (leafy) copper coin. The value of &18frac; of a penny is at times ascribed to it, but whether or not this is correct depends on the buying power (at a particular time) of the coins that are being compared.) Verse 3) �����, begging, depending on others for support, poor. See Trench, Synonyms par. xxxvi.) Verse 4) � ��� ������������� �P����, lit. of what was overflowing to them; hence, of their abundance. See also N.T.C. on Ephesians, p. 84, footnote 25.) Q����������, gen. s. of Q�������, lack, need, deficiency, poverty.) ����, acc. s. of ����, here: (means of) living. See the note on 15:12 on page 760.) �6���, third per. s. imperf. (descriptive) of ��, to have.) �0� �p ����, probably (they dropped it) among the gifts; so Beck, and cf. Dutch (Nieuwe Vertaling), bij de gaven. ) Verse 5) Note gen. absolute: while some were talking.) E��, that, where we say how. ) ���������, dat. pl. of ������, votive offering.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.5|AUTODETECT|” According to S.BK., Vol. III, p. 260, in the terminology of the Septuagint the word ������ indicates anything which by God or in God s name has been devoted to destruction and ruin. The rabbinical herem is a broader concept, inasmuch as it comprises whatever is devoted to God, not only that which is devoted to him for destruction. The same distinction is carried over into the New Testament, where the noun ������ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.5|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.14|AUTODETECT|” , according to the best reading) means that which has been devoted to God as a votive offering, naturally with no curse implications; while ������ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.14|AUTODETECT|” Acts 23:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.3|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.3|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.22|AUTODETECT|” 16:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.1.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) refers to that which is devoted to God without hope of being redeemed; hence, that which, or he who, is doomed to destruction, accursed.) 1 15 2 8 0 0 ����������, third per. s. perf. pass. indicat. of ������, to adorn.) Verse 6) Note acc. of general reference: As for these things you are admiring. ) ��������, sec. per. pl. pres. indicat. act. of ������, observe, contemplate, admire. For synonyms see N.T.C. on John, Vol. I, footnote 33 on p. 85.) �P� ���������, third per. s. fut. indicat. pass. of �����; see the note on 4:39 on page 271.) �������������, third per. s. fut. indicat. pass. of �������; here: to throw down. For related meanings see the note on 9:12 on page 485.) Verses 8, 9) ���������, sec. per. pl. aor. subjunct. pass. of ������, to deceive, lead astray, cause to wander; here pass.: to be deceived. Cf. planet, a wandering star. The verb occurs very frequently in the New Testament, especially in Matthew and Revelation; in Luke only here.) $������, third per. s. perf. indicat. of �����, to come near.

See the note on 10:9 on page 587.) �t ��������� & �t ��������, sec. per. pl. aor. subjunctives (ingressive and volitive), respectively of ���������, to go, and of �����, to terrify; in the New Testament only here and in 24:37.) Verse 11) ����v ��v ������, a play on words, famines and pestilences; cf. paucity and plague.) �������, nom. pl. of ��������, in the New Testament only here, something that produces fright, terror (cf. �����, fear; �����, to frighten).) ����������, acc. pl. masc. pres. pass. participle of ����, to lead away. Though the tense of the participle is pres., the time indicated is that of the principal verb, hence future.) Verse 13) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.2|AUTODETECT|” ���������, third per. fut. indicat. middle of �������, to step off, disembark 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.2|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.19|AUTODETECT|” ), and here: to result, turn out, lead (to). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.19|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Verse 14) ����, sec. per. pl. aor. act. imperat. of ������; here: to put, place, fix.) ����������, pres. act. infinitive of ����������, to plan beforehand.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.33-44.26.24|AUTODETECT|” �����������, aor. pass. (ingressive) infinitive of ����������, to defend oneself (against an accusation); see also the note on 12:11 on page 661. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.33-44.26.24|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:33 26:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke uses this verb six times. Paul uses it in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.15|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.19|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.1|AUTODETECT|” . The cognate noun ������� occurs in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 22:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.25.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.25.16|AUTODETECT|” 25:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.3|AUTODETECT|” , while Paul uses it five times 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.3|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.15|AUTODETECT|” , etc.), Peter once 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.15|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Cf. apology.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 15) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.19.15|AUTODETECT|” ����� ��v ������, a mouth and wisdom. Here mouth is metonomy for what the mouth utters, hence eloquence, speech. The entire expression is probably hendiadys for wisdom of speech. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.19.15|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 19:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.22|AUTODETECT|” Luke 19:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Note the three ���-compounds: withstand, contradict, adversaries. As I have shown in my dissertation, all three belong to that subdivision of ���-compounds which may be considered o(pposition, oppositeness) m(etaphorical).) ���������, 2nd aor. act. infinitive of ��������; �������� is used as 2nd aor. act. infinitive of �������; and �����������, nom. pl. masc. pres. participle of ���������, lit. to be lying (situated) against. The participle indicates opponents, adversaries.) Verse 16) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.4|AUTODETECT|” ������������, third per. pl. fut. indicat. of �������, to put to death. In Luke this verb is used only here. It is used also by Matt. (10:21, etc.), Mark (13:12; 14:55), Paul 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.18|AUTODETECT|” , etc.), and Peter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.18|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Cf. euthanasia, thanatopsis.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 Verse 17) ����� ����������, sec. per. pl. periphrastic (durative) fut. pass. infinitive: you will be hated.) Verse 19) ��������, sec. per. pl. fut. (ingressive) indicat. middle of �������, to get, gain. For this verb see also the note on 18:12 on page 824.) ) 21:20 24 The Destruction of Jerusalem Foretold) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.15-40.24.21|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.15-40.24.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:15 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.14-41.13.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.13.14-41.13.19|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:14 19) 1 9 2 8 0 0 20 When you see Jerusalem being surrounded by armies, then understand that its desolation is near. 21 Then let those (who are) in Judea flee to the hills. And let those inside the city get out, and let not those in the country enter the city. 22 For these are days of retribution, that whatever is written may be fulfilled. 23 Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who nurse babies in those days, for there will be great distress upon the land and wrath against this people. 24 And they will fall by the edge of the sword and will be carried off as captives into all the nations; and Jerusalem will be trodden down��545�� by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. ) ) 20, 21. When you see Jerusalem being surrounded by armies, then understand that its desolation is near. Then let those (who are) in Judea flee to the hills. And let those inside the city get out, and let not those in the country enter the city.) To a large extent the problems that confront anyone who tries to explain Matthew s or Mark s parallel accounts, with their highly symbolic language and manifestations of prophetic foreshortening, are absent from Luke s report. The latter could almost be called a commentary on that of Matthew and Mark.) Having summarized what, according to Christ s prediction, would happen primarily and emphatically before Jerusalem s fall although verses 8 19 also have their implications for the post a.d. 70 period Luke now in clear language reports what Jesus predicted concerning that fall.) He predicts that Jerusalem is going to be surrounded by armies.

When that happens, says Jesus, then you should recognize it as the sign for which you have been asking (verse 7), the sign of Jerusalem s impending destruction and desolation. For more on the sign see on verse 27. Concerned about the welfare of the people he loves, Jesus issues three succinct orders: (a) Those who are in Judea must flee to the hills; (b) those within the city must get out; and (c) those outside the city must stay out.) According to many commentators the people who heeded Christ s command finally found refuge in Perean Pella. See map on p. 854. To substantiate their opinion these commentators appeal to the statement of Eusebius, On the other hand, the people of the Jerusalem church were commanded by an oracle, given by revelation before the war to those in the city who were worthy of it, to depart and dwell in one of the cities of Perea which is called Pella (Eccl. Hist.

III.v.3). And according to Epiphanius the exit from Jerusalem and the flight to Pella began just before the Romans laid siege to Jerusalem (Ag. Her. XXIX.7). But other commentators have raised doubts about the historicity of this flight to Pella. The debate has by no means ended.

See the footnote.��546��) What is important, in this connection, is that Jesus never told the endangered ones to flee to Pella. He ordered them to flee to the hills. ) Besides, what we are at least should be most interested in is not how this order was carried out but that it was issued at all. Think of it, just a few days before he suffered the agonies of hell, Jesus is thinking about the safety not of himself but of his disciples, including even of those who would not be living in these parts until many years later. What marvelous love!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.50|AUTODETECT|” For hardened unbelievers, however, the days to come would be days of wrath: 22. For these are days of retribution, that whatever is written may be fulfilled. The expression days of retribution reminds us immediately of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.50|AUTODETECT|” Luke 11:50) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.51|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.51|AUTODETECT|” 51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.18.9-24.18.11|AUTODETECT|” . Jesus had been sent from heaven to earth, with a message of God s grace. But by ever so many, especially by the leaders, he and his message had been rejected. See 19:44; 20:17. As a result, prophecies of vengeance, predictions of woe, were going to be fulfilled. We think especially of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.18.9-24.18.11|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 18:9 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.27|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 9:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.11.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.11.6|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 11:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.29|AUTODETECT|” . Some of these prophecies were destined to have more than one fulfilment. To be sure, God is love, but he is also a consuming fire 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.29|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), namely, for those who consistently reject that love.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 23. Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who nurse babies in those days, for there will be great distress upon the land and wrath against this people.) What shines through very clearly in this passage is that even though Jesus predicts the outpouring of wrath, he does not take delight in it. The fact that he is thinking about pregnant women and nursing mothers reveals this.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.15.16|AUTODETECT|” What a vast difference between Menahem and the Messiah! The former was the cruel monster who, after seizing Israel s vacant throne, razed a city that refused to acknowledge him as the new ruler, and ripped open all its pregnant women 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.15.16|AUTODETECT|” II Kings 15:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.8.12|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.8.12|AUTODETECT|” 8:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Amos 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Jesus, on the other hand, carried the burdens of women in such and similar conditions on his heart. He still does!) 1 4 2 8 0 0 24. And they will fall by the edge of the sword and will be carried off as captives into all the nations & ) What happened, in fulfilment of this prophecy, was as follows: Even several years before the outbreak of the Jewish War the Roman yoke was becoming more oppressive than ever. Action produced reaction, with the result that Jewish hatred of their heathen oppressors rose to the point of organized rebellion. By no means every Jew was in sympathy with this movement, but after a while the warnings of the moderates were drowned out by the voices of the Zealots. Emperor Nero sent his famous general Vespasian to Galilee, which was soon overrun. But, due to the forced return to Rome of this general and Nero s suicide, the conquest of Galilee was short-lived.

A period of confusion followed in Rome, with four emperors in one year. See on verses 8 11. The Jews took advantage of this situation, so that the rebellion began to make some headway again. But then Vespasian, now emperor, having restored order, sent his son Titus (who himself later on became emperor, a.d. 79 81) to Jerusalem with a large army.) The siege began in April of the year a.d. 70, while Jerusalem was still filled with Passover pilgrims. For the terror that ensued one should read Josephus, Jewish War, especially Books IV to VII. After a siege of about five months the Romans finally overwhelmed the entire city.

According to Josephus the total number of prisoners taken throughout the entire war was 97,000, while 1,100,000 perished during the siege (Jewish War VI.420). Even though these figures may be exaggerated, the number must have been enormous.) The war was inexcusably cruel. Not only was the temple given up to the flames but the entire city except three towers and a portion of the western wall was razed. By the thousands aged men, women, regardless of their physical condition, and even little children were murdered. Some of the prisoners were subsequently thrown to the wild beasts, others were sold into slavery into all the nations, while a select number of the strongest and best-looking captives figured in the triumphal procession which Rome gave to the conquerors, and which Josephus describes in such elaborate detail, as if the terrible slaughter were really something to be proud of.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.24|AUTODETECT|” For many, many years no Jew was allowed to reside in or even to visit Jerusalem, which was made a pagan city. But enough has been said to show in what manner Christ s prediction, recorded in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.24|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 a, was fulfilled.) 1 11 2 8 0 0 Continued: and Jerusalem will be trodden down by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.) S. Greijdanus explains this passage as probably meaning that the time of oppression for Jerusalem will last to the end of the centuries, the coming of the final judgment and the return of Christ in glory, the very theme to which the Lord now [in verses 25 28] turns. ) Lenski similarly states that the seasons here meant continue from the destruction of Jerusalem to the time of the Parousia. ��547��) With this judgment I am in agreement. The claim that the time of the Gentiles ended May 14, 1948, when Israel became an independent state, and that the Jews have returned to their country in fulfilment of prophecy is contradicted by the following facts:) a. Even today only about one out of every five Jews is living in Israel.) b. Even today the very existence of Israel and of Jerusalem as an independent Jewish city is still being threatened.) c. The great majority of Jews do not regard Jesus as their Lord and Savior.) For much more on this see my book Israel in Prophecy, Grand Rapids, 1972.) For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 945 948.) ) 21:25 28 The Coming of the Son of Man) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29-40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29-40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:29 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.24-41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.24-41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:24 27) 1 4 2 8 0 0 25 And there will be signs in sun and moon and stars, and upon the earth distress of nations in perplexity at the roaring of the surging sea. 26 People will be fainting from fear and apprehension of the things that will happen to the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.) 27 And then they will see the Son of man coming in a cloud, with power and great glory. 28 Now when these things are beginning to occur, look up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near. ) ) 25, 26. And there will be signs in sun and moon and stars, and upon the earth distress of nations in perplexity at the roaring of the surging sea. People will be fainting from fear and apprehension of the things that will happen to the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” In connection, then, with Christ s return (see verse 27) there will be signs in the heavenly bodies, etc. The parallel passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.24|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.24|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) states, The sun will be darkened, the moon will not give her light, and the stars will fall from the sky. Luke also mentions the roaring of the surging sea, and indicates that, as a result of the shaking of the powers of the heavens, people will be fainting from fear and apprehension.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 That, at least with respect to sun, moon, and stars, this picture is deeply rooted in Old Testament prophecy has been shown in N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 862.) The total picture is indeed very vivid. All at once the sun becomes darkened. Naturally the moon now also ceases to impart its light. And since sun and moon exert a potent influence on our planet think, for example, about the moon and the tides it is not surprising that the sea also is deeply disturbed. Terrifying sounds are heard. Result of all this: People are frightened. They are fainting from fear.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.10|AUTODETECT|” Until this prophetic panorama becomes history we shall probably not know how much of this description must be taken literally and how much figuratively. That at least some of it must be taken literally is clear from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.10|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.1|AUTODETECT|” . There will indeed be a new heaven and earth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.1|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 21:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). For the fourfold change that will take place conflagration, rejuvenation, self-realization, and harmonization see N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 863, 864.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 And now the second coming itself: 27. And then they will see the Son of man coming in a cloud, with power and great glory.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.7|AUTODETECT|” This they must mean all mankind, cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.30|AUTODETECT|” . ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 states, And then the sign of the Son of man will appear in the sky, but both Mark and Luke leave out the word sign. They simply represent Jesus as declaring that men will see the Son of man coming majestically. Probable solution: the very appearance of the Son of man upon clouds of glory is itself the sign, the one great final sign from the point of view of the earth. Christ s brilliant self-manifestation will be the sign or signal that he is about to go forth to meet his people, while they ascend to meet him in the air. He comes to deliver the oppressed elect people (see verse 28). In fact, he will gather all the elect both the survivors and those who have previously fallen asleep to himself, to be with him forever.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.13|AUTODETECT|” This appearance of the Son of man in majesty is a sign in still another respect: the glorious manner of his appearance corresponds exactly with the prediction of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.13|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 7:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.62|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.62|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:62) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.3|AUTODETECT|” . The glory that marks the Son of man s sudden and brilliant manifestation is a definite proof of the Father s delight in his Son and of the justice of the cause of him who was once a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.24|AUTODETECT|” Note the Son of man see on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.24|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14-66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” ; and note also with power and great glory. That power is evident from what happens at his coming; see verses 25, 26; add ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14-66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 14:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; also 20:11. And great glory, for at his coming all his attributes power, wisdom, holiness, love, etc. shine forth brilliantly.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.13.21|AUTODETECT|” As to coming with a cloud, in Scripture the presence of God is often indicated by the mention of a cloud 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.13.21|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 13:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.16.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.16.10|AUTODETECT|” 16:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.40.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.40.35|AUTODETECT|” 40:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.10|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 8:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.9.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.9.19|AUTODETECT|” Neh. 9:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.78.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.78.14|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 78:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 14:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ). And since Jesus is himself fully divine 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.1|AUTODETECT|” John 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), his coming in a cloud is altogether proper.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 It is Luke alone who has preserved the very comforting word of Jesus: 28. Now when these things are beginning to occur, look up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36|AUTODETECT|” These things, that is, those mentioned in verses 25, 26, are the very things that will fill the hearts and minds of the rest of mankind with alarm. But for the followers of Christ who will then be living on earth these very things will be foreshadowings of imminent deliverance. For them the coming of these terrifying disturbances in the heavenly bodies and in the waters will mean that the days of their suffering will soon be over and gone. To be sure, no human being will ever know beforehand exactly when Jesus will return 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.22|AUTODETECT|” ), but God s children will know that the final tribulation will be of very brief duration 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.22|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.9-66.11.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.9-66.11.11|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 11:9 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” 20:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 b), to be followed immediately by Christ s glorious return.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.17|AUTODETECT|” Together with this return will come their redemption. That redemption, which will already have been merited for them on the cross, and which they have already experienced in their souls, will then also be imparted to their bodies. Together with those children of God who have died earlier and whose souls will then be reunited with their wonderfully transformed bodies, they will ascend to meet Jesus in the air, to remain with him forevermore, now in the full possession of their salvation, to God s glory 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.17|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 945 948.) ) 21:29 33 The Lesson from the Fig Tree and All the Trees) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.32-40.24.35|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.32-40.24.35|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:32 35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.28-41.13.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.28-41.13.31|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:28 31) 1 12 2 8 0 0 29 And he gave them this illustration:��548��) Look at the fig tree and all the trees. 30 As soon as they sprout leaves, seeing (it) you know for yourselves that now the summer is near. 31 Similarly, when you see these things taking place, know then��549�� that the kingdom��550�� of God is near.) 32 I solemnly declare to you, this generation will certainly not pass away until all has taken place. 33 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away. ) ) The three synoptic accounts of this lesson are almost identical. The differences that should be briefly noted are as follows:) a. Luke reads, Look at the fig tree and all the trees, as if to say, What holds with respect to the fig tree is basically true also with respect to other fruit trees. ) b. Instead of & know then that it is near, at the very gates, Luke offers & know then that the kingdom [or kingship, rule] of God is near. ) c. When Luke writes these things (verse 31), this expression should be understood in the light of Luke s own context; that is, in the light of verses 25, 26, which, as has been indicated, relate to what is going to happen in connection with Christ s second coming.) To state it differently, Luke makes things a bit easier for us. He clearly differentiates between Jerusalem s fall and the final judgment.

Contrast Matthew. In 24:15 f. that evangelist clearly refers to woes in connection with Jerusalem s fall. Note then let those in Judea flee to the hills (verse 16). In this connection he also mentions great tribulation (verse 21). But in verse 29 he writes, Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun shall be darkened, etc. This indicates that in Matthew s account the term great tribulation has a double reference, namely, to what happened at the time of Jerusalem s fall, and also to what will happen in connection with the Parousia.

In Luke, however, we do not encounter that same difficulty. In verses 21 24 the destruction of Jerusalem is foretold. At the close of verse 24 the evangelist quotes Jesus prediction that Jerusalem will be trodden down by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. That brings us to the end of the age, that is, to the second coming, including the signs accompanying it. So there is not really any great difficulty in explaining the words these things in verse 31. They naturally refer to the things mentioned in verses 25, 26.) 29 31.

And he gave them this illustration:) Look at the fig tree and all the trees. As soon as they sprout leaves, seeing (it) you know for yourselves that now the summer is near. Similarly, when you see these things taking place, know then that the kingdom of God is near.) For the use of the word parable here meaning illustration in the original see on 4:23 27, pp. 256 257.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.3|AUTODETECT|” The branch of a fig tree becomes soft and tender because of the sap that is swelling within it. It is not surprising, therefore, that soon this branch is generating leaves, and still more leaves. Now when this happens to a fig tree or, for that matter, to fruit trees in general��551�� the disciples realize that the summer is near. Similarly when the things mentioned in the present context (verses 25, 26, signs in sun, moon, and stars, etc.) take place, believers then living must recognize that the kingdom of God in its final manifestation is at the very door. Christ s royal reign in the new heaven and earth is at hand. And no longer will the dragon and his allies 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.13.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.13.1|AUTODETECT|” 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.13.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.13.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) be able to do any damage.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 In close connection with this, Jesus now makes the declaration: 32. I solemnly declare to you, this generation will certainly not pass away until all has taken place.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.5|AUTODETECT|” Probable meaning of this passage: This generation, namely, the Jewish people [see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.5|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 32:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.12.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.12.7|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 12:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.78.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.78.8|AUTODETECT|” 78:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.0|AUTODETECT|” , etc.] will not cease to exist until all those things which I [Jesus] predicted have happened. The expression all or all things covers the events predicted for the entire dispensation (see verses 6 31), including even the Lord s glorious return. For the detailed argument in defense of this interpretation and for refutation of other theories see N.T.C. on the parallel passage, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.0|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (pp. 867 869 of that commentary).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.8|AUTODETECT|” The section ends with the majestic statement 33. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away. The abiding character of Christ s message, over against the transient nature even of heaven and earth in their present condition, is the foundation on which faith can build. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.8|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.7|AUTODETECT|” John 15:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.16|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.24|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 19 2 8 0 0 For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 945 948.) ) 21:34 38 Exhortation to Watch) Summary of Final) Days in the Temple) and) Nights on the Mountain) 34 Ever be on your guard, lest your hearts be loaded down with dissipation, drunkenness, and the anxieties of life, and that day close on you unexpectedly, like a trap. 35 For it will come upon all those who live on the face of the entire earth. 36 Keep watch at all times, praying that you may have strength to escape all these things that are going to take place, and to take your stand before the Son of man. ) 37 Now during the days Jesus was teaching in the temple, but during the nights he would go out and lodge on the hill called the Mount of Olives. 38 And all the people would rise early to go to him in the temple and hear him.) ) 34 36. Ever be on your guard, lest your hearts be loaded down with dissipation, drunkenness, and the anxieties of life, and that day close on you unexpectedly, like a trap. For it will come upon all those who live on the face of the entire earth. Keep watch at all times, praying that you may have strength to escape all these things that are going to take place, and to take your stand before the Son of man.) In the preceding verses Jesus has provided much food for thought. In answer to the disciples question (21:7) he has furnished information. He has predicted the destruction of the temple, imminent persecution, political upheavals, fear-inspiring happenings in the realm of nature, family divisions, the fall of Jerusalem, and finally, his own glorious return and the signs accompanying it.) He knows, however, that these men, and also those who would follow them down the lane of the centuries, stand in need of more than information.

As a tenderly loving Shepherd he wishes to give them something for the heart, the inner self, as well as for the mind. He knows that often a person s inner drives, his emotions, or else perhaps his friends or associates, may bring him to a fall. So he admonishes them to be on their guard, and this always.) Are we shocked to read that he even issued a warning against such evils as dissipation, that is, excessive indulgence in pleasures, and drunkenness? But is it not true that when we today look back or even look round about us, we see a good many church members, or perhaps former church members, who have ruined or are ruining their lives by yielding to these very temptations? And is anyone free from the temptation of giving in to worrying about the cares of day by day living? By leaning on one s own imagined resources, and by neglecting prayer, one can easily fall into a trap.

Against this the Savior issues a badly needed warning.) All the more urgent is this warning because it, that is, the final day, including the judgment, will come for everybody, without exception. Cf. 17:26 30. Only by being watchful at all times, through fervent prayer and consecrated living, can one escape the terrors of that day, and thus, by God s sovereign grace, take his stand, without fear, before the Son of man (see on 5:24).) 37. Now during the days Jesus was teaching in the temple, but during the nights he would go out and lodge on the hill called the Mount of Olives.) Luke closes this chapter by informing us where Jesus spent these last few days and nights before his crucifixion. See also 19:47, 48. During these days he was busily engaged teaching in the temple.

Cf. 22:53. For the contents of some of this temple teaching see on 20:1 ff.; 21:1 ff. We have noted before that Luke places special emphasis on the relation of Jesus to his Father s house, the temple. See Introduction, point V D; also on 4:2a.) The nights, however, he would spend on Mt. Olivet. Or, according to Mark s phraseology (11:19), And whenever evening arrived, they went out of the city.

The verb used by Luke for to lodge or to pass the night may mean either (a) that Jesus (in the company of his disciples) camped out in the open somewhere on one of the slopes of this hill, or (b) that he lodged there, perhaps at the home of friends, for there were clusters of homes in that vicinity.) 38. And all the people would rise early to go to him in the temple and hear him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.5-44.2.11|AUTODETECT|” There must have been thousands upon thousands of people in Jerusalem just then. In addition to those who had their residence in the city, pilgrims had come from all over to attend the Passover. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.5-44.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:5 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.2|AUTODETECT|” . They wanted by all means to hear Jesus. It was for that very reason that the Jewish leaders did not dare to arrest him. They were afraid of the people 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.2|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The crucifixion, accordingly, would be timed according to God s time-table, not that of the priests.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.17|AUTODETECT|” What mainly interests us, however, is the fact that so close to the day of his indescribable suffering Jesus was still engaged in the work the Father gave him to do. He was still thinking not just about himself but definitely also about others, people whom he wanted to save. Luke pictures him therefore as being throughout a merciful and faithful highpriest in service to God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.17|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 2:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��552��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20-42.21.38|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20-42.21.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:20 38) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 24) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.12|AUTODETECT|” And Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. God fulfils his threats. Therefore we know that he will also fulfil his promises, for God is holy and he is love. He will fulfil his promises with respect to both Jew and Gentile, for there is no distinction 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.12|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 15 2 8 0 0 Verses 26, 27) The powers of the heavens will be shaken. And then they will see the Son of man coming in a cloud. ) The universe is shaking violently. Nevertheless, nothing prevents a cloud from serving as a means of conveyance for Christ! Does not this indicate that whatever happens to the realm of nature at Christ s return is firmly in God s hand, and is therefore not the product of physical forces and of circumstances over which God has no control?) Hence, one has a right to sing:) Though the earth be shaking,) Every heart be quaking,) Jesus calms my fear.) Fires may flash and thunder crash,) Yea, and sin and hell assail me,) Jesus shall not fail me.) Lines from Jesus Precious Treasure ) by Johann Franck; tr. by Catherine Winkworth.) Verses 33, 34) Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away.& Ever be on your guard, lest your hearts be loaded [or weighed] down with dissipation, etc.) Is there any connection between these two lines?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.57|AUTODETECT|” A minister announced as his text, Thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.& Now concerning the collection 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.57|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:57) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.1|AUTODETECT|” 16:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). No connection? Does not the outburst of thanksgiving, and this for a very good reason, call for a generous offering?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.33|AUTODETECT|” So also here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.33|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34|AUTODETECT|” 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” . Does not the certainty note, My words will never pass away of Christ s return unto judgment point to the necessity of consecrated living? Especially in view of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:31 46) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ?) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 38) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.7.13|AUTODETECT|” And all the people would rise early to go to him. If this is done in the proper spirit, is it not a fitting response to (figuratively speaking) God s rising early in order to call sinners to repentance? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.7.13|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 7:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.7.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.7.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.25.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.25.3|AUTODETECT|” 25:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.25.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.25.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.26.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.26.5|AUTODETECT|” 26:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.29.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.29.19|AUTODETECT|” 29:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.32.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.32.33|AUTODETECT|” 32:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.35.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.35.14|AUTODETECT|” 35:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.35.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.35.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.44.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.44.4|AUTODETECT|” 44:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ?) 1 3 2 8 0 0 ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 21:20 38) Verse 20) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.14.20|AUTODETECT|” �����������, fem. acc. s. pres. pass. participle of ������, to encircle. Though in Luke s Gospel this verb is found only here, it occurs also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.14.20|AUTODETECT|” Acts 14:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.24|AUTODETECT|” and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.24|AUTODETECT|” John 10:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.30|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 11:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . See the note on 9:12 on page 484 for a related form.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 Verse 21) Note the three third per. pl. pres. (inchoative) imperatives; let them flee, get out, not enter.) Verse 22) ���������, gen. s. of ��������, retribution, satisfaction, vengeance, punishment, justice (cf. 18:7, 8).) ��� ���������, articular aor. pass. infinitive of ��������, that & may be fulfilled. See also the note on 1:15 on page 80.) Verse 24) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.23|AUTODETECT|” �0����������������, third per. pl. fut. pass. indicat. of �0��������� from �0���, spear, and ��������, to capture hence, originally: to capture with the spear; and so simply: to capture, to carry off as captives. See also the note on 4:18 on page 260. The verb also occurs in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.23|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.5|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 10:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.6|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 10 2 8 0 0 ���� ���������, third per. s. periphrastic fut. pass. of �����, to tread, trample. See the note on 10:19 on page 589. In the New Testament this verb is found only in Luke and in the book of Revelation (11:2; 14:20; 19:15).) ����������, third per. pl. aor. (effective) subjunct. pass. (after ���) of ������, and thus futuristic in meaning. See what was said in the explanation of 1:1, as to Luke s conviction that history is a fulfilment of prophecy, a realization of God s eternal plan; and see the note on 1:1 on page 61 for the synonym ����������.) Verses 25, 26) ������, from ������, to hold together; here in the sense of to compress, constrain. The noun, accordingly, acquires the meaning constraint, distress, anguish.) �����, basically the condition of being without a �����, way or means, resource; hence, being at a loss as to what to do, perplexity.) $����, gen. s. of &���, sound; here in the sense of roaring.) �����, gen. s. of �����, surging, rolling; used only here in the New Testament. However, note also ������������� at the close of verse 26, third per. pl. fut. indicat. pass. of the cognate verb ������, to shake.) Literally verse 25 reads, And there will be signs in sun and moon and stars, and upon the earth distress of nations, in perplexity at roaring and surging [or swelling] of sea. ) Note also (at beginning of verse 26) gen. absolute people fainting. ) ���������� (from �� and ����), to breathe away from, breathe out, faint.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.11|AUTODETECT|” ����������, gen. s. of ���������, here apprehension, dread; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.11|AUTODETECT|” Acts 12:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 anticipation, expectation.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Verse 28) �������� and ������, sec. per. pl. aor. imperatives. Here the meaning is look up (but see also the note on 13:11 on page 713) and lift up (see the note on 16:23 on page 789).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” ���������� (�� plus ������), basically, the act of delivering a person from bondage by the payment of a ransom; hence here redemption. The word also occurs in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.23|AUTODETECT|” 8:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.30|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.30|AUTODETECT|” 4:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.15|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 9:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.35|AUTODETECT|” 11:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Cf. German Erl�sung; Dutch verlossing.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verses 30, 31) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.33|AUTODETECT|” ����������, third per. pl. 2nd aor. act. (ingressive) subjunct. (after E���) of �������� (��� and �����), to thrust forward, project; here: sprout leaves; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.33|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , to push to the front. In the New Testament these are the only occurrences of this verb.) 1 11 2 8 0 0 ���������, in verse 30: sec. per. pl. pres. indicat., but in all probability in verse 31 sec. per. pl. pres. imperat.) Verse 33) Note double negative for emphasis: will certainly not, will never.) �������������, third per. pl. fut. indicat. of ����������. See comprehensive discussion of this verb in the note on 15:29 on page 763.) Verse 34) ���������, sec. per. pl. pres. imperat. of �������, to turn (one s mind) to, and be on one s guard against, look out for, give heed to, be concerned about, etc. The exact translation, in any given case, depends on the specific context.) ���������, third per. pl. aor. subjunct. pass. of �����, to weigh down, burden; in pass. to be weighed down, be heavy. See the note on 9:32 on page 511.) ��������, dat. of ��������, drunken headache, dissipation. In the New Testament only here. Cf. crapulence.) ���������, fem. dat. pl. of (��������, pertaining to (or: of) this life.) �����, third per. s. 2nd aor. (ingressive) subjunct. of �������; here: to spring (or: close suddenly) upon.

See also the note on 2:9 on page 160, and the note on 10:40 on page 603.) �0�������, sudden. This is an adjective agreeing with !����: and that day spring upon you (as something) sudden, like a trap. English idiom, however, requires and that day spring [or close] upon you suddenly, like a trap, or something similar.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.9|AUTODETECT|” �����, a trap; like a trap = suddenly, unexpectedly. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.9|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 11:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.9|AUTODETECT|” 6:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.26|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 7 2 8 0 0 Verse 36) ���������, sec. per. pres. imperat. of �������, to keep awake, keep watch. An interesting etymology is:) ������� = ���, a catch, chase; plus U����, sleep; hence, chase sleep away, and so: keep watch. But this etymology is uncertain.) �����������, sec. per. pl. aor. subjunct. (after 5��) of ��������, to have strength, be able, prevail.) ��������, aor. pass. infinitive of 5�����; here: to stand, take a stand.) Verses 37, 38) &� ��������, periphrastic imperfect act. of �������, to teach.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.17|AUTODETECT|” �P������, third per. s. imperf. (iterative) of �P�������, in the New Testament only here and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 21:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; basically, to spend the night in the �P��, on which see the note on 22:55 on pp. 1000, 1001; and so: to spend the night, lodge. Cf. N.T.C. on Matthew, footnote 732 on p. 772.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 d�������, third per. s. imperf. (iterative) of @������, to get up early in the morning; cf. D�����, daybreak, dawn.) Summary of Chapter 21) Having exposed the hypocrisy of the scribes (20:45 47), Jesus, in commending the total commitment of a widow who dropped into the temple treasury two very small coins, which was all she had, not only contrasted hypocrisy with sincerity but also showed how widows should be treated (verses 1 4).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” While Jesus and The Twelve were walking away from the temple, his disciples made remarks about its goodly stones and votive offerings. Jesus answered, Days will come when there will not be left one stone upon another that will not be thrown down. The astonished men wanted to know when this would happen and what would be the sign whereby they could know that it was about to take place. As the parallel passage, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , shows, they thought that the destruction of the temple would mean the end of the world. So they wanted to know what would be the sign that both of these events were about to occur. Jesus is, therefore, going to show that these two things (destruction of Jerusalem and end of the world) will not coincide, and that there will be two signs, two visible spectacles instead of only one. One of these signs will be the encirclement of Jerusalem by invading armies, the other the appearance of Jesus in the sky, about to descend. However, the second sign is not so designated by Mark and Luke, only by Matthew (verses 5 7).) 1 17 2 8 0 0 Jesus then pointed out that such things as wars, insurrections, earthquakes, famines, pestilences, portents in the sky would not be indications of the end. He predicted that before any of these would take place the persecution of the disciples would start. They would be betrayed even by members of their immediate families. But they must regard all such happenings as opportunities to testify, Jesus himself promising to provide them with words of wisdom to speak. He added, By means of your endurance you will win your souls (verses 8 19).) When you see Jerusalem being surrounded by armies, then understand that its desolation is near, says Jesus. He tells them that when these armies begin their encirclement the people in Judea should flee to the hills, those in the city should get out, and those in the country should stay out.

In the fall of Jerusalem Old Testament prophecies would go into fulfilment. He expresses deep concern over pregnant and over nursing women. He predicts that many people will be killed or taken captive, and states, Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled (verses 20 24).) As do Matthew and Mark, so also Luke represents Jesus as predicting that certain astonishing phenomena will accompany his return: the powers of the heavens will be shaken. Luke adds, and upon the earth distress of nations in perplexity at the roaring of the surging sea. ) And then, continues Luke, they will see the Son of man coming in a cloud, with power and great glory (Matthew s second sign). Luke has preserved Christ s very comforting words, Now when these things are beginning to occur, look up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near (verses 25 28).) The lesson from the fig tree and all the trees may be summarized as follows: Just as leaves appearing on trees announce that summer is near, so also when you see these things taking place you should realize that the kingdom of God (in its final manifestation) is near. Jesus further solemnly predicts that the Jews as a people will continue to live on earth until all has taken place, that is, until the very end of the world (verses 29 33).) In conclusion Jesus, according to Luke s report, adds that the contemplation of all these predictions should lead to an attitude of watchfulness, a life of sanctification.) Having finished reporting Christ s discourse, Luke adds that during his final very brief stay in Jerusalem Jesus was in the habit of teaching in the temple during the daytime and lodging on Mt.

Olivet at night. He concludes his account as follows, And all the people would rise early to go to him in the temple and hear him (verses 34 38).) ) ) ) ) ) 537) For additional information with respect to coins used in Palestine during the days of Christ s earthly sojourn see the following:) L. M. Petersen, art. Money, Zondervan Pictorial Bible Dictionary, pp. 551 555, with picture of a lepton (obverse and reverse) on p. 553.) A. Sizoo, De Antieke Wereld en Het Nieuwe Testament, pp. 70 76.) C.

Seltmann, Greek Coins, London, 1933.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.42|AUTODETECT|” D. Sperber, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.42|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and Its Metrological Background. A Study in Ancient Syriac Versions, NT 9 (1967), pp. 178 190.) 1 21 2 8 0 0 538 Or: gifts consecrated to God.) 539) The diagram gives only the main features of Herod s temple. No attempt has been made to picture the rooms lining the walls of the outer court, the additional equipment pertaining to the Priests Court such as the place of slaughter north of the altar, tables for preparing the sacrifices, drainage canal conducting the blood to the Kidron and several other details. Also, there is no certainty with respect to the identity of each gate. This is especially true with respect to Nicanor s Gate, which by Edersheim and by Halberthal is placed west of the Women s Court, but which by many others is placed east of that court and identified with the Beautiful Gate.) The chief sources for our knowledge of Herod s temple, in addition to the New Testament references to it, are the Mishnaic tractate Middoth ; and Josephus, Jewish War V.184 247, and Jewish Antiquities XV.380 425. Also consulted were A. Edersheim, The Temple; L.

Halberthal, The Plan of the Holy Temple of Jerusalem, Montreal, 1967; T. Kollek & M. Pearlman, op. cit.; A. Parrot, The Temple of Jerusalem, London, 1957; and several archaeological books and articles.) I.S.B.E. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) 540 The Babylonian Talmud Sukkah 41 b (Baraitha); Baba Baththra 4a (Baraitha).) 541 Or: do not become terrified.) 542 Or: from the sky.) 543 Literally: It will turn out to you for a testimony. Cf.

A.V.) 544 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 21:1 19 begin on page 934.) N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) S.BK. Strack and Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch) 545 Or: trampled underfoot.) 546 The arguments that aim to undermine the report of Eusebius can be found in N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 858. Supporting Eusebius and the view that there was indeed a flight to Pella is S. Sowers, The Circumstances and Recollection of the Pella Flight, ThZ 26 (1970), pp. 305 320.

Dr. H. Mulder, who has given years of study to the subject of the early Palestinian Church is even now preparing an article in which he will restate and amplify his reasons for believing that the flight to Pella never took place. How this debate will finally turn out I do not know. What stands out in these lines is Christ s knowledge of the future and his concern for his people.) 547 See Greijdanus, Korte Verklaring, Vol. II, p. 194; and Lenski, op. cit., p. 642.) 548 Literally: told them this parable.) 549 Or: recognize.) 550 Or: kingship, rule.) 551 H.

Mulder, Spoorzocker in Bijbelse Landen, p. 93, is of the opinion that the fig tree is singled out here because it generally produces leaves later than other fruit trees; for example, much later than the almond tree. See also N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 866. The great popularity and abundance of fig trees should also be taken into account.) 552 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 21:20 38 begin on page 946.) )