Luke 22

Hendriksen

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-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 �BiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 24 2 8 0 0 CHAPTER XXII ) Outline of Chapter 22) ) Theme: The Work Thou Gavest Him to Do) 22:1 6 The Plot of the Chief Priests and Scribes to Kill Jesus) and) The Agreement Between Judas and the Plotters) 22:7 13 The Preparation of the Passover) 22:14 23 Passover and the Institution of the Lord s Supper) 22:24 30 The Dispute About Greatness) 22:31 34 Peter s Denial Foretold) 22:35 38 You did not lack anything, did you? ) 22:39 46 On the Mount of Olives:) The Prayer of Jesus) and) His Exhortation to Pray) 22:47 53 The Betrayal of Jesus and His Reaction) 22:54 62 Peter s Threefold Denial) 22:63 65 The Mocking and Beating of Jesus��553��) 22:66 71 The Early Morning Trial Before the Sanhedrin) ) 22:1 6 The Plot of the Chief Priests and Scribes to Kill Jesus) and) The Agreement Between Judas and the Plotters) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.1-40.26.5|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.1-40.26.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:1 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.14-40.26.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.14-40.26.16|AUTODETECT|” 14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.1|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.45-43.11.53|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.45-43.11.53|AUTODETECT|” John 11:45 53) 1 4 2 8 0 0 22 1 Now the feast of Unleavened Bread, called the Passover, was approaching. 2 So the chief priests and the scribes were looking for a way to do away with Jesus, for they were afraid of the people. 3 Then Satan entered Judas, called Iscariot, one of the twelve. 4 He went off and discussed with the chief priests and the captains of the temple guards how he might betray Jesus to them. 5 They were delighted and agreed to give him money. 6 He, in turn, consented, and began to look for a good opportunity to hand him over to them in the absence of a crowd.) ) 1. Now the feast of Unleavened Bread, called the Passover, was approaching.) For the manner in which the three final chapters of the Synoptics parallel each other see N.T.C. on Mark, pp. 549 552.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.10.10|AUTODETECT|” A reasonable assumption is that Jesus was crucified in the year a.d. 30, when the fourteenth day of Nisan fell on Thursday, and the fifteenth on Friday. In Israel the first appearance of the new moon marked the beginning of the new month. It was marked by the blowing of trumpets, sacrifices, celebrations, suspension of ordinary business, and wherever necessary by signal fires 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.10.10|AUTODETECT|” Num. 10:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.28.11-4.28.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.28.11-4.28.14|AUTODETECT|” 28:11 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.81.3-19.81.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.81.3-19.81.5|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 81:3 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.8.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.8.5|AUTODETECT|” Amos 8:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.8.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.8.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.1-2.12.14|AUTODETECT|” ). The important days of the month for example, the tenth of the month Nisan, when the Passover lamb was selected, the killing of the lamb on the fourteenth, etc. were figured from the first day, or day of the new moon, as a base. See the detailed regulations in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.1-2.12.14|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 12:1 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.9.2-4.9.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.9.2-4.9.14|AUTODETECT|” Num. 9:2 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.16.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.16.1|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 16:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=17.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=17.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Esther 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.7|AUTODETECT|” There is no good reason to believe that Jesus and his disciples ate the lamb and celebrated Passover either earlier or later than on the appointed day. The fourteenth of Nisan was the day when the lamb had to be sacrificed 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” ). It is also clear that immediately after the eating of the lamb and the institution of what has come to be known as the Lord s Supper Jesus and his disciples 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” John 13:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.32|AUTODETECT|” ) went to Gethsemane 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.32|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.39|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.39|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.1|AUTODETECT|” John 18:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.1|AUTODETECT|” ). Here, during what we would call the night from Thursday to Friday Jesus was taken into custody. Early Friday morning the Sanhedrin took counsel against Jesus to put him to death 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 27:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.66-42.22.71|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.66-42.22.71|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:66 71) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.1|AUTODETECT|” ). He was led to Pilate that same morning and crucified that same day 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.1|AUTODETECT|” Mark 15:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.1|AUTODETECT|” Luke 23:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.33|AUTODETECT|” 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.42|AUTODETECT|” ). It is clear, therefore, that Jesus was crucified on Friday, the day before the sabbath 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.42|AUTODETECT|” Mark 15:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.43|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.43|AUTODETECT|” 43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.46|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.46|AUTODETECT|” Luke 23:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.54|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.54|AUTODETECT|” 54) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.14|AUTODETECT|” John 19:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.30|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.30|AUTODETECT|” 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.42|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.42|AUTODETECT|” 42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.1|AUTODETECT|” ). It was early in the morning of the day after the sabbath hence on Sunday, the first day of the week that some women went to the tomb and heard the startling news, He is risen 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 28:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.16.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.16.2|AUTODETECT|” Mark 16:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.16.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.16.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.1|AUTODETECT|” Luke 24:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.1|AUTODETECT|” John 20:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Therefore, the theory according to which Jesus was crucified on Thursday is opposed by the evidence of the Gospels.��554��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.1|AUTODETECT|” The day on which the lamb was killed was followed by the seven-day feast of the Unleavened Bread,��555�� celebrated from the fifteenth to the twenty-first of Nisan. So close was the connection between the Passover meal proper and the festival of the Unleavened Bread which followed immediately that the term Passover is sometimes used to cover both, as clearly here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.1|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .��556��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.1|AUTODETECT|” Since the feast of the Passover, etc., was approaching 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.1|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.1|AUTODETECT|” ), two days off 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.1|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), it must have been Tuesday when Christ s enemies held their meeting for the purpose of plotting how to bring about the arrest and death of Jesus.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.3|AUTODETECT|” Such a meeting, for which see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , is not mentioned in Mark and Luke, only in Matthew, but is probably implied in verse) 1 1 2 8 0 0 2. So the chief priests and the scribes were looking for a way to do away with Jesus, for they were afraid of the people.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.3|AUTODETECT|” The plotters were the chief priests and the scribes ; according to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.1|AUTODETECT|” also the elders of the people. A description of the three groups has been given in the explanation of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.1|AUTODETECT|” Luke 20:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.6|AUTODETECT|” The plan to kill Jesus was of long standing, as is clear from such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.6|AUTODETECT|” Mark 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.18|AUTODETECT|” 11:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.7|AUTODETECT|” 12:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.18|AUTODETECT|” John 5:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.1|AUTODETECT|” 7:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.37|AUTODETECT|” 8:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.40|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.40|AUTODETECT|” 40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.53|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.53|AUTODETECT|” 11:53) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.57|AUTODETECT|” . In Luke see especially 19:47; 20:19. In fact the present passage (22:2) is virtually a repetition of 19:47, 48 and 20:19, for in all three passages it is either stated or implied that the plotters were afraid of the people. It must be borne in mind that Jesus had many followers, especially among the Galileans who had come to the feast. Add to this the fact that especially during Passover the thought of deliverance from the Roman yoke was uppermost in the minds of many, and it will be evident that there was sound basis for the fear in the hearts of Christ s opponents. According to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.57|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:57) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.47-43.11.53|AUTODETECT|” the plotters met in the palace of Caiaphas the highpriest. Does this mean, then, that it was Caiaphas who was mainly responsible for the plot against Jesus? Well, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.47-43.11.53|AUTODETECT|” John 11:47 53) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 may seem to point in that direction, and undoubtedly that conclusion may well be correct, at least to some extent. Caiaphas must have played a very important role. On the other hand, is not the theory justified that back of Caiaphas stood Annas? See N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 385 388.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 3, 4. Then Satan entered Judas, called Iscariot, one of the twelve. He went off and discussed with the chief priests and the captains of the temple guards how he might betray Jesus to them.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.57|AUTODETECT|” The connection with the immediately preceding context is very close. Christ s enemies were looking for an opportunity to arrest him without creating a riot. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.57|AUTODETECT|” John 11:57) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Judas makes matters easier for them by volunteering to deliver their enemy to them secretly; that is, without public disturbance.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Why did Judas do this? Answer: because Satan had entered his heart. Full justice must be done to this fact, mentioned also by John (13:27). The active part played by Satan in the events of Passion Week must not be ignored. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.31|AUTODETECT|” 22:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.22|AUTODETECT|” All this, however, does not clear Judas from blame. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.22|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” . Judas was guilty because he failed to resist the devil 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). For more on the reasons which may have prompted Judas to yield to the influence of Satan and to betray Jesus, see above, on 6:16, under the heading Judas Iscariot.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.14|AUTODETECT|” For his shockingly loathsome deed there was no excuse whatever. Judas was, after all, a specially privileged person. He was one of the twelve, as all four evangelists take the trouble to point out 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.14|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.10|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.3|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.70|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.70|AUTODETECT|” John 6:70) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.71|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.71|AUTODETECT|” 71) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.13.17|AUTODETECT|” ). For many months Judas had been living in Christ s immediate presence, had been eating, drinking, and traveling with him. He had noticed the strength in the Master s voice when he stilled the storm, cursed the barren fig tree, and rebuked those who devoured widows houses. But Judas had also become aware of the tenderness of that same voice when it pleaded with sinners, including Judas(!), to come to him and rest. He had listened to the Savior s marvelous discourses and to the decisive and authoritative answers he had given to the many questions that had been hurled at him, sometimes with the intention of ensnaring him. Judas had watched the Great Physician in the act of tenderly restoring the handicapped, or bending down mercifully over the sick and healing them & and then even adding (at times), Your faith has made you well.

Yes, Judas had witnessed all this and much more. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . And then he decided to deliver this unsurpassably powerful, wise, and compassionate Benefactor into the hands of cruel men & for thirty pieces of silver. ) 1 7 2 8 0 0 We are not at all surprised to read:) 5, 6. They were delighted and agreed to give him money. He, in turn, consented, and began to look for a good opportunity to hand him over to them in the absence of a crowd.) The chief priests and captains of the temple guard were delighted. Their problem was solved. So the price was agreed on and paid. It is Matthew alone who mentions the amount of money the traitor received (26:15). This too was fulfilment of prophecy. See N.T.C. on that passage in Matthew s Gospel.) For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 965 969.) ) Thursday and Friday) 22:7 13 The Preparation of the Passover) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.17-40.26.19|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.17-40.26.19|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:17 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.12-41.14.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.12-41.14.16|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:12 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; or,) 1 1 2 8 0 0 including the Passover itself,) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.17-40.26.25|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.17-40.26.25|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:17 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.12-41.14.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.12-41.14.21|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:12 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1-43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1-43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” John 13:1 30) 1 5 2 8 0 0 7 Then came the day of Unleavened Bread, on which the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed. 8 So Jesus sent Peter and John, saying (to them), Go and make preparations for us to eat the Passover. ) 9 They asked him, Where do you want us to prepare it? 10 He replied, Just after you enter the city a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him into the house to which he is going, 11 and say to the owner of the house, The Teacher asks, Where is my guest room in which I may eat the Passover with my disciples? 12 And he will show you a large upper room, furnished. There make ready. ) 13 So they went away and found (everything) just as Jesus had told them; and they prepared the Passover.) ) 7, 8. Then came the day of Unleavened Bread, on which the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed. So Jesus sent Peter and John, saying (to them), Go and make preparations for us to eat the Passover.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.6|AUTODETECT|” Finally the first day of the festival arrived, Thursday, the fourteenth of Nisan. It was the day when the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.6|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 12:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.5|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 23:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Luke does not say anything about the purchase of the lamb. We may assume that this had been attended to a few days earlier. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.6|AUTODETECT|” . Further preparations had to be made, however. During the afternoon the lamb must be killed in the forecourt of the temple 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.6|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 12:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). A room of sufficient size must be obtained, and everything in connection with this room and its furniture must be arranged. Besides, purchases must be made: unleavened bread, bitter herbs, wine, etc. The lamb must be made ready for use, the sauce must be prepared. Since by now it was probably Thursday morning, there could be no delay.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The words the day & on which the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed are probably added by Luke for the sake of his Gentile readers.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.12|AUTODETECT|” So, in answer to the question of his disciples, Where do you want us to go and prepare the Passover Supper? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.12|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), Jesus gives instructions to two disciples, namely, to Peter and John, as Luke alone informs us. He orders them to go and make preparations for the feast.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 9 12. They asked him, Where do you want us to prepare it? He replied, Just after you enter the city a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him into the house to which he is going, and say to the owner of the house, The Teacher asks, Where is my guest room in which I may eat the Passover with my disciples? And he will show you a large upper room, furnished. There make ready.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.0|AUTODETECT|” It is clear that the directions given are in a sense very definite; in another sense very indefinite. They are definite enough so that the two men will experience no difficulty in finding the place where the supper is to be held. Yet, they are indefinite enough for the present to conceal the name of the owner of the house and the location of his home. The indefiniteness may very well have been due to the fact that not until evening must Judas know where the Passover is kept. Jesus must be able before his arrest to observe the feast with his disciples, must have time to institute what has come to be known as the Lord s Supper, to deliver his touchingly beautiful Supper Room Discourses (John 14 16), and to pray his Highpriestly Prayer 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.0|AUTODETECT|” John 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.3|AUTODETECT|” ). If early in the day Judas had known where Jesus would be in the evening, he could have informed the chief priests, etc., who could then have arrested Jesus without any crowd being present, since the people in general would be eating the supper at that time, group by group in ever so many separate homes. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.12.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 5 2 8 0 0 The two disciples will have no difficulty in locating the place. What they will see upon entering the city will be something rather strange: a man carrying a jar or jug of water. Men usually carried water in a skin; women in a jar. Peter and John are directed to enter the house where this man is going.) The man who carries this jar must not be confused with the owner of the house which he enters. The exact relation of the water carrier and the owner is not known. He may have been the owner s servant, relative, or friend.) It is reasonable to assume that at least the owner the other man also? was a disciple of Jesus, ready to serve the Master in every possible way.

In answer to their question this owner will show Peter and John a large upper room, furnished. The original uses a word that has the basic sense spread. When this is taken literally, it is sometimes interpreted to indicate such things as couches with coverings spread over them. Thus Moffatt offers the translation a large room upstairs with couches spread. Others accept the rendering paved with tile. But an unfurnished, merely paved, room would not serve the purpose for which Jesus wanted to use it.

And since, in the process of time, words often acquire meanings other than (but often related to) their original sense, it is entirely possible that the interpretation given to this word by most English translators, namely, furnished (perhaps with carpets, couches, and table) is correct.) It was in that room that Peter and John must prepare the Passover.) 13. So they went away and found (everything) just as Jesus had told them; and they prepared the Passover.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.27|AUTODETECT|” In this connection the question has been asked, How did Jesus know that the two disciples would, upon entering the city, have exactly these experiences? A previous detailed agreement between Jesus and the owner of the house has been suggested.��557�� Others, however, mention supernatural knowledge on the part of Jesus.��558�� And does not the very fact that Luke includes verse 13, as if he is recording something wonderful, something that must not escape the attention of the reader, confirm the second theory? What we have here should probably be regarded as in a class with such other passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.27|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.47-43.1.50|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.47-43.1.50|AUTODETECT|” John 1:47 50) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.24|AUTODETECT|” 2:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.17|AUTODETECT|” 21:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.29|AUTODETECT|” ; and perhaps also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.29|AUTODETECT|” Luke 19:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 f., all of them either stating or at least implying that Jesus would at times draw upon the omniscience which he, as the Son of God, shared with the Father and the Holy Spirit.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 In connection with and they prepared the Passover it is probably necessary to assert once again that Jesus partook of the Passover and instituted the Lord s Supper at the regular time, namely, on what we would call Thursday. It was on that day, the fourteenth of Nisan, that the lamb had to be slaughtered and the preparations for the feast had to be made. It is true that by Jewish time reckoning the new day began at sunset, so that when the feast was proceeding it was already the fifteenth of Nisan.) All four Gospels support the theory: Passover and institution of the Lord s Supper, Thursday; crucifixion, Friday (still the fifteenth of Nisan).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.28|AUTODETECT|” The question may be asked, however, Is not this theory in conflict with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.28|AUTODETECT|” John 18:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , according to which early Friday morning Christ s bitter enemies they hated Jesus in order that they might not be defiled but might eat the Passover, did not enter the governor s residence ? Answer: there is no conflict. For what may well be the solution of this problem see N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 401 404.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 965 969.) ) 22:14 23 Passover and the Institution of the Lord s Supper) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.26-40.26.30|AUTODETECT|” For 22:14 20 cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.26-40.26.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:26 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.22-41.14.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.22-41.14.26|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:22 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.31-43.18.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.31-43.18.1|AUTODETECT|” John 13:31 18:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.23-46.11.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.23-46.11.25|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 11:23 25) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.21-40.26.25|AUTODETECT|” For 22:21 23 cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.21-40.26.25|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:21 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.18-41.14.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.18-41.14.21|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:18 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.21-43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.21-43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” John 13:21 30) 1 16 2 8 0 0 14 Now when the hour had come Jesus reclined at table, and the apostles with him. 15 He said to them, I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 16 For I tell you that I shall never eat it again until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God. ) 17 Then he received a cup, gave thanks, and said, Take this and divide it among yourselves; 18 for I assure you that from now on I will not drink from the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes. ) 19 Then he took (some) bread, gave thanks, broke it, and gave it to them, saying, This is my body given for you. This do in remembrance of me. ) 20 And in the same way after supper (he took) the cup, saying, This cup (is) the new covenant in my blood, poured out for you.��559��) 21 But look! The hand of the man who is betraying��560�� me is with me on the table. 22 For the Son of man is going as it has been decreed, but woe to that man by whom he is being��561�� betrayed! ) 23 Then they began to discuss among themselves which of them it might be who was going to do this.) ) A few preliminary matters require our attention first of all:) a. Much has been written about the question whether verses 19b through 20 (beginning with given for you, verse 19, and ending with poured out for you, verse 20) are genuine. Did Luke write them or did he not? This question is discussed in the note on verses 19 21 on pp. 968, 969.

My answer is that the verses are indeed authentic, part of God s inspired Word. The reasons for taking this position are given in that note.) b. It is well-nigh impossible to enter into the meaning of the present section without some knowledge of the nature of the Jewish Passover Feast, especially the manner in which the various elements of the Passover meal followed each other. So here is a brief description, based on the best available sources:) The Order of The Passover Feast��562��) The main elements were as follows:) 1. A prayer of thanksgiving by the head of the house; drinking the first cup of (diluted) wine.) 2. The eating of bitter herbs, as a reminder of the bitter slavery in Egypt.) 3.

The son s inquiry, Why is this night distinguished from all other nights? and the father s appropriate reply, either narrated or read.) 4. The singing of the first part of the Hallel (Psalms 113, 114), and the washing of hands. The second cup.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.0|AUTODETECT|” 5. The carving and eating of the lamb, together with unleavened bread. The lamb was eaten in commemoration of what the ancestors had been commanded to do in the night when the Lord smote all the first-born of Egypt and delivered his people 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.0|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and 13). The unleavened bread was in commemoration of the bread of haste eaten by the ancestors.) 1 10 2 8 0 0 6. Continuation of the meal, each eating as much as he liked, but always last of the lamb. The third cup.) 7. Singing of the last part of the Hallel (Psalms 115 118). Fourth cup.) c. Luke s account, though not strictly chronological, is certainly orderly.

Verses 14 38 can be divided as follows:) (1) Jesus addresses The Twelve, informing them that this is his final Passover until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God (verses 14 16).) (2) He partakes of the Passover with his disciples (verses 17, 18).) (3) In connection with the conclusion of the Passover meal he institutes the Lord s Supper (verses 19, 20).) (4) Having briefly indicated what Jesus, during this evening and night, did for his disciples and (by means of the institution of the Lord s Supper) for the Church at large, Luke now shows how they, in turn, are reacting to Jesus and his teaching. He shows this in connection with Judas (verses 21 23), The Twelve (verses 24 30), Simon (verses 31 34), and again, the little group as a whole (verses 35 38). And in each case they Judas, etc. are not in control of the situation. He, the Lord, is. His word is final!) 14 16. Now when the hour had come Jesus reclined at table, and the apostles with him.

He said to them, I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. For I tell you that I shall never eat it again until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.) Reclining at table with The Twelve the soul of Jesus is surcharged with deep emotion, to which he gives utterance in words preserved by Luke alone. Note the following:) a. I have eagerly desired. Cf. I am overwhelmed (12:50).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|” b. Not only to eat this Passover, but to do so with you. Does not this remind us of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|” John 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , having loved his own, he loved them to the uttermost ? Jesus knew what his death, within a matter of hours, would do for them (taken as a group), and of course for millions of others also. He loved them with a love inexpressible in words.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 c. & before I suffer. But the Lord realized that this suffering would not be the end. It would be the means of achieving glory for his disciples and for himself. It is for this reason that he immediately adds:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” d. & I shall never eat it again until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God, that is, I shall never eat it again until its typical and symbolical meaning has become fully realized in the new heaven and earth. It is there that the deliverance of his people, not from Egypt, but from all sin and evil, will have been fully accomplished. It is there that they will at last have been fully redeemed. It is there also that the fellowship between himself and all the redeemed will have been perfected 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 17, 18. Then he received a cup, gave thanks, and said, Take this and divide it among yourselves; for I assure you that from now on I will not drink from the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.133.0|AUTODETECT|” It is natural to assume that the cup here mentioned was the very first one, the one that followed the opening prayer. See No. 1 under The Order of The Passover Feast. The drinking of this cup was definitely a part of the Passover meal. Note the giving of thanks that preceded the drinking of the wine. By ordering the contents of the cup to be divided among all those present, Jesus, acting as the Host, emphasizes the unity which, when conditions are as they should be, exists among and is experienced by all the partakers. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.133.0|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 133) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . As the cup is being passed around Jesus repeats the prediction of verse 16b.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.3.17|AUTODETECT|” We should be sure, however, to interpret these words correctly, that is, optimistically. Jesus is not really saying, This is the end. After tonight we ll never see each other again. What he is saying is rather this, Though our continued fellowship here is about to end, it will be renewed gloriously in the kingdom to come, a kingdom of light and love, of triumph and praise, and this throughout all eternity. What a fulfilment, what a reunion that will be, when the meaning of this Passover will be experienced in all its fulness, when the wicked cease from troubling and the weary are at rest, and when the earth shall be full of the knowledge of Jehovah, as the waters cover the sea 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.3.17|AUTODETECT|” Job 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.9|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 11:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.25|AUTODETECT|” It was probably in connection with point 6 of The Order of The Passover Feast (see pp. 959, 960) that the Lord s Supper was instituted. Here Passover passes over into the Lord s Supper. It was while, toward the close of the Passover meal, the men were all eating freely that Jesus instituted the new sacrament that was to replace the old. This also explains why both Luke (verse 20) and Paul 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.25|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 11:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) speak of the cup after supper. ) 1 4 2 8 0 0 19, 20. Then he took (some) bread, gave thanks, broke it, and gave it to them, saying, This is my body given for you. This do in remembrance of me. And in the same way after supper (he took) the cup, saying, This cup (is) the new covenant in my blood, poured out for you. For the authenticity of 19b, 20 see the note on this passage on pp. 968, 969.) A few more hours and the old symbol, being bloody for it required the slaying of the lamb will have served its purpose forever, having reached its fulfilment in the blood shed on Calvary. It was time, therefore, that a new and unbloody symbol replace the old.

Nevertheless, by historically linking Passover and the Lord s Supper so closely together Jesus also made clear that what was essential in the first was not lost in the second. Both point to him, the only and all-sufficient sacrifice for the sins of his people. Passover pointed forward to this; the Lord s Supper points back to it.) Having taken from the table a thin slice or sheet of unleavened bread, Jesus gave thanks and then started to break up the slice. The words which the Lord used in this thanksgiving have not been revealed. To try to reconstruct them from Jewish formula prayers would serve no useful purpose. How do we even know that our Lord availed himself of these prayers?) The breaking of the bread, to which reference is made in all four accounts, must be considered as belonging to the very essence of the sacrament.

This becomes clear in the light of that which immediately follows, namely, This is my body given for you. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.15|AUTODETECT|” To interpret this to mean that Jesus was actually saying that these portions of bread which he handed to the disciples were identical with his physical body, or were at that moment being changed into his body, is to ignore (a) the fact that in his body Jesus was standing there in front of his disciples, for all to see. He was holding in his hand the bread, and giving them the portions as he broke them off. Body and bread were clearly distinct and remained so. Neither changed into the other, or took on the physical properties or characteristics of the other. Besides, such an interpretation also ignores (b) the fact that during his earthly ministry the Master very frequently used symbolical language 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.15|AUTODETECT|” Mark 8:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.19|AUTODETECT|” John 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.14|AUTODETECT|” 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.51|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.51|AUTODETECT|” 6:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.53-43.6.56|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.53-43.6.56|AUTODETECT|” 53 56) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.11|AUTODETECT|” 11:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.1|AUTODETECT|” ). It is striking that in all of the instances indicated by these references the symbolical or figurative character of our Lord s language was disregarded by those who first heard it! In each case also, the context makes clear that those who interpreted Christ s words literally were mistaken! Is it not high time that the implied lesson be taken to heart? Finally, there is (c): when Jesus spoke of himself as being the vine 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.1|AUTODETECT|” John 15:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.35|AUTODETECT|” ), is it not clear that he meant that what a natural vine is in relation to its branches, which find their unity, life, and fruit-bearing capacity in this plant, that, in a far more exalted sense, Christ is to his people? Is it not clear, therefore, that the vine represents or symbolizes Jesus, the genuine Vine? Thus also he calls himself or is called the door, the morning star, the cornerstone, the lamb, the fountain, the rock, etc. He also refers to himself as the bread of life 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.35|AUTODETECT|” John 6:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.48|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.48|AUTODETECT|” 48) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.58|AUTODETECT|” ), the bread that came down out of heaven 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.58|AUTODETECT|” John 6:58) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). So, why should he not be, and be represented and symbolized by, the broken bread ? Accordingly, the meaning of the broken bread and the poured-out wine is correctly indicated in a Communion Form which represents Christ as saying: Whereas otherwise you should have suffered eternal death, I give my body in death on the tree of the cross and shed my blood for you, and nourish and refresh your hungry and thirsty souls with my crucified body and shed blood to everlasting life, as certainly as this bread is broken before your eyes and this cup is given to you, and you eat and drink with your mouth in remembrance of Me. ��563��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.20|AUTODETECT|” Jesus adds, This do in remembrance of me. It was the desire of our Lord that by means of the supper, here instituted, the church should remember his sacrifice and love him, should reflect on that sacrifice and embrace him by faith, and should look forward in living hope to his glorious return. Surely, the proper celebration of communion is a loving remembrance. It is, however, more than that. Jesus Christ is most certainly, and through his Spirit most actively, present at this genuine feast! Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . His followers take and eat. They appropriate Christ by means of living faith, and are strengthened in this faith.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 With respect to And in the same way after supper (he took) the cup, etc., note the following:) Jesus says, This cup (is) the new covenant in my blood. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.16|AUTODETECT|” But why does he speak of a new covenant? Do not such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.8|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|” 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.12|AUTODETECT|” clearly teach that the old covenant, the one made with Abraham, the father of us all, is still in force? They certainly do. Nevertheless, there has been a tremendous change, a change so significant that even Jeremiah (31:31), looking into the future, could speak of a new covenant. That newness consists in this, (a) that for believers in the new dispensation the law is no longer written on tables of stone but on their hearts, the Holy Spirit having been poured out into these hearts; and (b) that the covenant is no longer almost exclusively between God and Israel but between God and all believers, regardless of race or nationality 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.12|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Note also the new covenant in my blood, poured out for you. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.0|AUTODETECT|” In all four accounts 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.0|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.24.8|AUTODETECT|” ) a relation is established between Christ s blood and his covenant. As reported by Matthew and Mark, Jesus said, my blood of the covenant ; here in Luke with little if any difference in meaning the new covenant in my blood. The expression goes back to such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.24.8|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 24:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.31.31-24.31.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.31.31-24.31.34|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 31:31 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.17.11|AUTODETECT|” . See also the significant passage ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.17.11|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 17:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.22|AUTODETECT|” . And note: Apart from the shedding of blood there is no remission 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.22|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” ); therefore also no covenant, no special relation of friendship between God and his people. Reconciliation with God always requires blood, an atoning sacrifice. And since man himself is unable to render such a sacrifice, a substitutionary offering, accepted by faith, is required 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 20:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.51|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.51|AUTODETECT|” 6:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.19|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.32|AUTODETECT|” 8:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.20|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.20|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 4 2 8 0 0 As Luke reports it, Jesus said, & my blood, poured out for you. Both Matthew (26:28) and Mark (14:24) read poured out for many. There is no conflict. Christ s true disciples (The Eleven) were included in the many. ) As was shown in our little summary on p. 960, having briefly indicated what Jesus, during this evening and this night, did for his disciples (while still in the upper room), Luke now describes how they, in turn, reacted to Jesus and his teaching. In this connection the evangelist returns to what happened before the institution of the Lord s Supper; in other words, to what took place while the Passover meal was still in progress:) 21. But look! The hand of the man who is betraying me is with me on the table.) That in all probability what is here recorded took place before the institution of the Lord s Supper is confirmed by the following facts:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.26-40.26.29|AUTODETECT|” a. In the somewhat more chronologically arranged Synoptics, Matthew and Mark, the institution of the Lord s Supper follows the announcement concerning the betrayer. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.26-40.26.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:26 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.22-41.14.25|AUTODETECT|” with 26:20 25; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.22-41.14.25|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:22 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 with 14:17 21.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.21-43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” b. In John s parallel report concerning the exposure of the traitor, Judas leaves the upper room immediately after Jesus told him, What you are doing, do it faster 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.21-43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” John 13:21 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Think of it: The hand of the man who is betraying me is with me on the table, or as Mark has it, I solemnly declare to you, one of you will betray me: one who eats with me (14:18), and, even more sharply and dramatically, one of the twelve, one who is dipping (his hand) into the bowl with me (verse 20).) Jesus continues: 22. For the Son of man is going as it has been decreed, but woe to that man by whom he is being betrayed.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.20|AUTODETECT|” For the Son of man see on 5:24 and on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.0|AUTODETECT|” . Jesus, the One who via the path of humiliation attains to glorification, and in fact was glorious from the very beginning, goes, that is, lives on earth, suffers, dies, all this not as a victim of circumstances, but as it has been decreed, hence as predicted by the prophets 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.0|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.) and established in God s eternal decree. It was necessary for the Master to emphasize this truth once again, for it was so very difficult for the disciples to reconcile themselves with the idea of a Messiah who would die. Besides, when, on the day of tomorrow by Jewish reckoning today he dies on the cross, let the disciples reflect on this solemn statement, that they may know that this death does not mean the triumph of his enemies but rather the realization of God s gracious, sovereign, and ever victorious plan.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” However, nowhere in Scripture do predestination and prophecy cancel human responsibility. So also here: the cry of sorrow and pity, Woe to that man by whom he is being betrayed, fully maintains the guilt and establishes the doom of the traitor. We know that he did not truly repent. Hence he faces everlasting damnation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). What makes his guilt all the heavier is the fact that he not only planned the treachery and took the next step volunteering to deliver Jesus to the enemy and the next accepting the thirty pieces of silver but even now, in spite of Christ s impressive warnings, goes right ahead.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Continued: 23. Then they began to discuss among themselves which of them it might be who was going to do this.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.25|AUTODETECT|” It is clear that here, as so often, Luke summarizes. For a more detailed account one should consult the parallels in the other Gospels. Very briefly: Christ s shocking announcement evoked three responses, in the form of questions, as follows: (a) a question of wholesome self-distrust, Surely not I? That was the reaction on the part of all the disciples with the exception of Judas Iscariot. In Mark s Gospel the question in this form is found in 14:19; Christ s answer in verses 20, 21. There was also (b) a question of loathsome hypocrisy, Surely, not I, Rabbi? That, probably after considerable hesitation, was Judas reaction. For both his question and Christ s answer see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.25|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.23-43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” . Finally, there was (c) a question of childlike confidence, Lord, who is it? That was the way in which John, prompted by Peter, expressed himself. The question in this form, the events relating to it, Christ s response, and the disciples reaction to that response are recorded only in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.23-43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” John 13:23 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , which also (in verse 30) mentions the traitor s departure.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.41.9|AUTODETECT|” One more fact should be stressed. As has been indicated, Jesus was himself the Host. All the others were eating his food. That very fact, especially in the Near East, a region where accepting someone s hospitality and then injuring him was considered most reprehensible, should have tied the hands of all. It should have made it impossible for any of The Twelve to take any action against their Host. Think of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.41.9|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 41:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . And in addition to what Jesus did for The Twelve this night, how many (in fact very many) other favors had not the Lord bestowed upon them, including Judas, during all these months of their association with him?) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Nevertheless, we should not rivet our attention solely on Judas. We should fix it on Jesus! In a treacherous and humiliating manner he, the Lord of glory, is being handed over to his enemies. It is very important that we see this. Our reflection on the story of Christ s Passion should not become lost in all kinds of details regarding Judas and Peter and Annas and Pilate. It is, after all, the story of his suffering.

It centers in him, and we should never forget to see him at the very center of the developing events.) The present little paragraph (verses 21 23) shows again that Jesus was in full control of the situation. He was not taken by surprise. He knew exactly what was happening and what was going to happen, the very details. And the fact that he reveals this to his disciples will prove to be a support to them when they subsequently discover that everything actually develops exactly as he had foreseen! What a wonderful Savior!��564��) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.1-42.22.23|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.1-42.22.23|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:1 23) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 3) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Then Satan entered Judas. Scripture emphasizes the role of Satan in the affairs of men. See, for example, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Job 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.2.1|AUTODETECT|” 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.23|AUTODETECT|” f.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 16:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.18|AUTODETECT|” f.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.18|AUTODETECT|” 10:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.16|AUTODETECT|” 13:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.31|AUTODETECT|” 22:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.27|AUTODETECT|” John 13:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.3|AUTODETECT|” Acts 5:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.18|AUTODETECT|” 26:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.20|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.5.5|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 5:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.5|AUTODETECT|” 7:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.12|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.2|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 20:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.13|AUTODETECT|” . To make our children more keenly aware of the activity of Satan, and of their duty to resist him and his temptations, would it not be advisable to teach them, when they pray the Lord s Prayer, to say, And deliver us from the evil one ? Especially since that is probably what Jesus meant when he taught his disciples this prayer. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.13|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Verse 5) They were delighted. This was not the only time in the history of the world when religious leaders, such as priests and scribes, have with relish endorsed wicked plans. The fact that a meeting is opened and closed with prayer, that Scripture is read, and hymns are sung, does not necessarily mean that God places the stamp of his approval on such a meeting. It is the heart that counts.) Verse 13) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.0|AUTODETECT|” So they & found everything just as Jesus had told them. Divine omniscience, how comprehensive 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.0|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 139) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.17|AUTODETECT|” ), and how comforting 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.17|AUTODETECT|” John 21:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 18 2 8 0 0 Verses 19, 20) My body given for you & my blood, poured out for you. This do in remembrance of me. Therefore:) According to thy gracious word,) In meek humility) This will I do, my dying Lord:) I will remember thee.) When to the cross I turn mine eyes,) And rest on Calvary,) O Lamb of God, my sacrifice,) I must remember thee.) Stanzas from) According to Thy Gracious Word ) by J. Montgomery) ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 22:1 23) Verse 1) (see also verses 7, 8)) ��, gen. pl. of �� (= plus ��), without leaven, unleavened. Hence, here the entire expression is the feast of Unleavened Bread. �p �� means unleavened bread. The reference is to the unleavened, flat bread-cakes; see verse 7.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.13|AUTODETECT|” ��, from Aramaic ��, is related to a verb meaning to pass over. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.13|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 12:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . The word �� occurs in the following senses:) 1 1 2 8 0 0 a. the Passover festival on the fourteenth of Nisan, but in popular usage covering also the festival of Unleavened Bread from the fifteenth to the twenty-first of that month. That is the meaning here in 22:1.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.12|AUTODETECT|” b. the paschal lamb 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.12|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 a).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.5.7|AUTODETECT|” c. Christ, the Lamb 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.5.7|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.19|AUTODETECT|” d. the Passover meal 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.19|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.12|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.16|AUTODETECT|” b; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.16|AUTODETECT|” 14:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 5 2 8 0 0 Verse 2) ��, third per. pl. imperf. (either descriptive or iterative) of ��, to seek, look for.) �x �� introduces indirect question; cf. verse 4.) ��, third per. pl. 2nd aor. (effective) subjunct. (deliberat.) of ��, to take up, destroy. See also 23:32.) Verse 4) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.3|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. aor. indicat. of ��, to talk or discuss with. See 9:30; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.4|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ��, dat. pl. of ��**; also in 22:52; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.24|AUTODETECT|” 5:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , captain of the temple guard.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 ��, third per. s. aor. subjunct. (deliberat.) act. of ��, to give or hand over, deliver up, betray. So also in verses 6, 21, 22, 48. Other meanings: to commit, yield (up), hazard, etc. See also the note on 1:2 on page 61: to hand down.) Verse 5) ��, third per. pl. 2nd aor. (ingressive) indicat. pass. of ��, to be glad, delighted. This verb is related to ��, on which see the note on 2:40 on pp. 181, 182.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.22|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. pl. 2nd aor. (ingress.) middle of ��, to place together, agree. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.22|AUTODETECT|” John 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.20|AUTODETECT|” Acts 23:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 18 2 8 0 0 Verse 6) ��, third per. s. aor. indicat. of ��, to say the same thing, agree, consent. See the note on 10:21 on page 589; also N.T.C. on Matthew, footnote 477 on pp. 497, 498.) ��*, from, without, in the absence of; in the New Testament only here and in verse 35.) Verse 7) (see also verse 1)) ��, pres. pass. infinitive of ��, to sacrifice. See the note on 15:23 on page 762.) Verse 8) See verse 1.) Verse 9) ��, first per. pl. aor. subjunct. (deliberat.) act. of ��, to prepare. Note absence of 5�� before the subjunct.) Verse 10) Note gen. absolute you having entered = after you enter. ) ��, diminutive of ��, pitcher, jar. Cf. ceramics.) Verse 11) �0��, dat. s. of �0��, owner of the house. The modifier �� 0�� has been called pleonastic since this idea is already implied in the noun it modifies.

Is it possible that it was added because the sense of the house as part of the compound noun had faded?) ��, here guest room, but see also the note on 2:7 on page 148.) ��, first per. s. 2nd aor. subjunct. (futuristic after E��). See also verse 16. The present uses ��, to eat.) Verse 12) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.15|AUTODETECT|” ��, upper room; so also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.15|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , the only New Testament instances of its use.) 1 17 2 8 0 0 ��, acc. s. neut. perf. pass. participle of ��, to spread; here probably: to furnish.) Verse 15) Note Hebraism With desire I have desired (A.V.), meaning I have eagerly desired. ) Also note before the suffering with respect to me, meaning before my suffering or before I suffer. In this one verse Hebrew and Greek style are combined, Luke being well-versed in both.) ��, 2nd aor. infinitive of ��, to suffer. Cf. passion.) Verse 16) �P ��, strong negative: certainly not; never.) As in verse 11 �� is futuristic.) Note �� followed by the gen. of a neut. relat. pronoun = until. Therefore: Futuristic aor. subjunctive is also this ��. And so is third per. s. pass. ��, from ��, to make full, fulfil.) Verse 17) ��, sec. per. pl. aor. imperat. act. of ��, to divide into parts (�� plus ��; cf. ��, part), to distribute. See also the note on 11:17 on page 633.) Verse 18) With �P �t �� cf. �P �t �� in verse 16; and with �� cf. �� in that same verse.) Verses 19 21) The words beginning with �x Q�� and ending with �� are rejected by many.

Reasons for rejection:) a. They are lacking in Codex Bezae and certain Latin and Syriac witnesses.) b. If the longer text was the original, how can the shorter text be explained? Is it not easier to explain how a short text would be unjustifiably expanded than how a long text would be shortened?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” c. The shorter text, which fails to ascribe any redemptive significance to the outpouring of Christ s blood, makes it easier to understand why Luke did not include in his Gospel the ransom passage found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 20:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 The answer might be as follows:) a. The type of text which includes the disputed words (verse 19b and all of verse 20) is more often than not regarded as being superior to the other or Western text, with its many additions and (sometimes) subtractions.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.27|AUTODETECT|” b. Explaining the rise of the shorter text may not be so difficult after all. It may have arisen because a second-century copyist failed to understand why, after the mention of a cup in verse 17, there would be mention of still another cup in verse 20. Neither ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.27|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.23|AUTODETECT|” nor ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.23|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 makes mention of more than one cup. So it is possible that this scribe was not well acquainted with the complicated ritual of the Jewish Passover, with its many at least four cups. See S.BK., Vol. IV, p. 75.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” c. Referring to Luke s omission of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.28|AUTODETECT|” and its parallel, without also taking note of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.28|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.32|AUTODETECT|” and of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.32|AUTODETECT|” Acts 8:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.0|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.0|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), is hardly fair.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.26|AUTODETECT|” d. Adopting the shorter text leads us into the following dilemma: (a) if the cup (verse 17) is regarded as part of the Lord s Supper, we must accept a sequence (cup-bread) that is in conflict with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.26|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.22|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; (b) if the cup is regarded as part of the Passover (probably correct), we must conclude that in the Lord s Supper only bread was used. Neither position is tenable. See also B. M. Metzger, The Text of the New Testament, p. 50.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 I have found no sound reason, therefore, to reject the longer text.) ��, nom. s. neut. pres. (futuristic) pass. participle of ��; cf. the basic form ��, to shed, pour out. See also the note on 5:37 on page 313, and the note on 11:50 on page 647. The pres. act. participle �� in verse 21 is also futuristic.) Verse 22) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.23|AUTODETECT|” a��, acc. s. neut. perf. pass. participle of A��, to set limits to, determine, decree, appoint. This verb is found also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.23|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.42|AUTODETECT|” 10:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.29|AUTODETECT|” 11:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.26|AUTODETECT|” 17:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.31|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.31|AUTODETECT|” 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.7|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.5|AUTODETECT|” . For the related �� see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Cf. horizon.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 ��, third per. s. pres. (futuristic) indicat. of ��, for which see on verse 4 above.) Verse 23) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.11|AUTODETECT|” ��, pres. infinitive of ��, to seek, discuss, talk with someone else; to discuss (together); sometimes, as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.11|AUTODETECT|” Mark 8:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.14|AUTODETECT|” 9:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , to argue, dispute.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.23|AUTODETECT|” Here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.23|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 the subordinate clause, including an indirect question, is introduced by ��.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 �4�, third per. s. pres. optat. of �0��.) ) 22:24 30 The Dispute About Greatness) 24 There also arose a dispute among them as to which one of them was considered to be the greatest. 25 So Jesus said to them, The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those who exercise authority over them are styled Benefactors. 26 But you (are) not (to do)��565�� so. On the contrary, let the greatest among you become like the youngest, and the leader like the servant. 27 For who is greater, the one who reclines at table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines at table? However, I am among you as one who serves. 28 But you are those who have stood by me in my trials. 29 Moreover, I on my part am assigning to you, even as my Father assigned to me, a kingdom, 30 that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and may sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel. ) ) Though this section, considered as a unit, has no parallel, its individual passages or combinations of certain passages do have parallels; some close, some not so close:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.1|AUTODETECT|” With verse 24 cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.34|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.46|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.46|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.25-40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” With the combined verses 25 27 cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.25-40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 20:25 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.42-41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.42-41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:42 45) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.11|AUTODETECT|” With verse 26 (considered by itself) cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 23:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.35|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1-43.13.17|AUTODETECT|” With verse 27, similarly, cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1-43.13.17|AUTODETECT|” John 13:1 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.66-43.6.69|AUTODETECT|” With verse 28 cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.66-43.6.69|AUTODETECT|” John 6:66 69) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.6|AUTODETECT|” 17:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.8|AUTODETECT|” c, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.32|AUTODETECT|” With verse 29 cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.32|AUTODETECT|” Luke 12:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.10|AUTODETECT|” 5:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.14|AUTODETECT|” 17:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.4|AUTODETECT|” 20:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.28|AUTODETECT|” With verse 30 cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 19:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 24. There also arose a dispute among them as to which one of them was considered to be the greatest.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|” The little summary on p. 960 shows that from Judas Luke now turns to The Twelve (verses 24 30). The evangelist does not indicate just when, during that memorable night, the dispute about greatness occurred. Nevertheless, the other Gospels strongly suggest a background for it. It probably took place at the very beginning of the feast. The occasion may well have been the question, Just how will the thirteen be arranged around the table? Who will occupy the positions of honor, and in what order of rank? See what has been said about this in connection with 14:7 f. Or again, Which disciple should wash the feet of the other disciples and of the Master? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|” John 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 f. We observe therefore that even though the other Gospels do not parallel this Lucan account, they certainly suggest a background for it.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|” Picture the scene. Here was Jesus, about to lay down his life for these men, centering his attention on their needs, loving them very tenderly and intensely. For proof that this was indeed the situation that very night read such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|” John 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.6-43.17.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.6-43.17.19|AUTODETECT|” 17:6 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.6-45.5.11|AUTODETECT|” . And do not the following passages imply as much: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.6-45.5.11|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:6 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.31-45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.31-45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” 8:31 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.20|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.1-40.18.5|AUTODETECT|” ? Yet, while his heart goes out to them, they are quarreling about the question, Who of us is the greatest? What made their attitude even more reprehensible was that they had been reprimanded before with respect to this selfish attitude. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.1-40.18.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:1 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.34-41.9.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.34-41.9.37|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:34 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.46-42.9.48|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.46-42.9.48|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:46 48) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Had they forgotten so quickly?) 1 5 2 8 0 0 25. So Jesus said to them, The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those who exercise authority over them are styled Benefactors.) Jesus again showed these men that their egotism was a worldly, pagan trait. It reminded one of the self-centeredness of the kings of the Gentiles. These men, while exercising their authority ruthlessly, nevertheless took delight in being called Benefactors!) How very true! On a denarius was not Augustus called god ? On a copper coin was not Tiberius described as one who deserved to be adored ?

But, more to the point, had not the very title Benefactor (or Welldoer), Euergetes, been ascribed to both Ptolemy I and Ptolemy II?) Continued: 26, 27. But you (are) not (to do) so. On the contrary, let the greatest among you become like the youngest, and the leader like the servant. For who is greater, the one who reclines at table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines at table? However, I am among you as one who serves.) Jesus wants his disciples to be of an opposite mind, and therefore also to show the opposite disposition.

Therefore he tells them that the greatest among them the one who so regards himself or is so regarded by others should become like the & youngest; that is, like the one least in honor.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.32|AUTODETECT|” This mention of the youngest, where we might have expected the least, is in line with the fact that under normal conditions the Bible, as these men knew it (our Old Testament), regarded old age as honorable and to be held in respect. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.32|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 19:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.32.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.32.6|AUTODETECT|” Job 32:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.32.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.32.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.16.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.16.31|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 16:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.20.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.20.29|AUTODETECT|” 20:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.12.0|AUTODETECT|” . What happened to Rehoboam when he rejected the counsel of the aged and followed that of the young 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.12.0|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) had not been effaced from their memory.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Jesus, then, wants the greatest to become like the youngest, the one least in honor. He wants the leader to serve.) Appealing to something these men know very well, so that from the known he may proceed to the unknown or less well known and appreciated, he asks his disciples, Who is greater, the one who is dining or the one who is waiting on him? Of course, the former is generally regarded as the greater. Yet, does true greatness really consist in having someone wait on you? Jesus answers this question by stating, But I am among you as one who serves. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1-43.13.11|AUTODETECT|” Was he not literally serving them, perhaps even at this very moment, or at least close to this moment, in a manner never to be forgotten? Read the story in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1-43.13.11|AUTODETECT|” John 13:1 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” (Jesus washing the feet of his disciples). In fact was not his entire earthly sojourn a life of rendering service to others in ever so many ways? Was not this the essence of his purpose in coming to earth? Who, in this connection, can forget ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 20:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ?) 1 1 2 8 0 0 28 30. But you are those who have stood by me in my trials. Moreover, I on my part am assigning to you, even as my Father assigned to me, a kingdom, that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and may sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.66|AUTODETECT|” And now, ignoring the many character defects these men have exhibited, in fact even this very night, the Merciful Highpriest praises them for the faithfulness they have shown throughout his many trials. It was true that while others, by the score and perhaps even at times by the hundreds, had left the Savior 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.66|AUTODETECT|” John 6:66) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.67-43.6.69|AUTODETECT|” ), these men Judas excepted had remained loyal to him. Had not this loyalty been expressed beautifully by Peter as their spokesman 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.67-43.6.69|AUTODETECT|” John 6:67 69) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.16|AUTODETECT|” ), and by Thomas 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.16|AUTODETECT|” John 11:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )?) 1 1 2 8 0 0 So Jesus assigns to them a kingdom. The word kingdom should probably be interpreted here in the sense of royal rule, though the idea of domain cannot be entirely excluded, as the phrase in my kingdom indicates.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.32|AUTODETECT|” Jesus reminds his disciples that to him, too, a kingdom had been assigned, namely, by his Father. For proof see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.32|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.33|AUTODETECT|” 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” . Therefore, when he now assigns a kingdom to them, he means that they will share in his royal rule. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.4|AUTODETECT|” 20:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . He is referring to the kingdom in its final manifestation.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.11|AUTODETECT|” As has been pointed out several times, such expressions as eating and drinking in my kingdom 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and on 22:2) are part of the symbolism of the joys which God s children will experience in the new heaven and earth.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.28|AUTODETECT|” As to judging the twelve tribes of Israel, a repetition of the promise Jesus had made earlier 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 19:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.26|AUTODETECT|” ), in all probability he was thinking of the restored new Israel. Whether, as such, the term Israel indicates the total number of the elect gathered out of the twelve tribes of the Jews from the beginning to the end of the world s history 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.26|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 11:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.16|AUTODETECT|” ), or even all the chosen ones of both the Jews and the Gentiles 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.28|AUTODETECT|” ), in either case it must refer to those who have been regenerated, for into the reborn universe to which ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 19:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.27|AUTODETECT|” refers nothing unclean will ever enter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.27|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 21:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.28|AUTODETECT|” ). The Twelve, who have followed Jesus here, having remained loyal to him in his trials 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.28|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ), are going to receive the special reward that among all the members belonging to the new Israel they will be pre-eminent in reflecting the glory of their Lord and Savior. Those who have been closest to Jesus here will also be closest to him there. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.11|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.4|AUTODETECT|” 20:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 977 980.) ) 22:31 34 Peter s Denial Foretold) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.31-40.26.35|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.31-40.26.35|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:31 35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.27-41.14.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.27-41.14.31|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:27 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.36-43.13.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.36-43.13.38|AUTODETECT|” John 13:36 38) 1 5 2 8 0 0 31 Simon, Simon, watch out! Satan has asked to sift you as wheat. 32 But I have prayed for you, that your faith may not utterly fail; and you, once you have returned (to me), strengthen your brothers. ) 33 But he replied, Lord, with you I am ready to go even to prison and to death. ) 34 But Jesus answered, I tell you, Peter, a rooster will not crow today before you deny three times that you know me. ) ) 31, 32. Simon, Simon, watch out! Satan has asked to sift you as wheat. But I have prayed for you, that your faith may not utterly fail; and you, once you have returned (to me), strengthen your brothers.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.30-40.26.33|AUTODETECT|” As shown in the summary on p. 960, from The Twelve Luke now turns to Simon Peter. There are commentators who believe that this discussion between Jesus and Simon must have taken place after the group had left the upper room. They base this conclusion on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.30-40.26.33|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:30 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.31-43.13.38|AUTODETECT|” and on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.31-43.13.38|AUTODETECT|” John 13:31 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Others, however, hold that it is entirely possible that the Master started to warn Peter even while the group was still in the upper room, and that the discussion between that disciple and Jesus was continued afterward.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 Note the following:) a. Jesus calls this disciple Simon, not (that is, not until verse 34) Peter, the Rock. If any significance can be attached to this fact, it may well be that the Master wishes to fix the attention of this leader upon the fact that in himself he is a weak creature, not at all a man of stability, no rock.) b. The repetition indicates emphasis and deep concern. For other instances of this stylistic form see on 10:41.) c. Jesus says, Behold or Take note, Pay attention, Watch out, whichever rendering one may prefer. Simon will never be able to say that he was not warned.) d. Satan.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.1.6-18.1.12|AUTODETECT|” We seldom realize that beyond the struggle that goes on within the heart, and the conflict between opposing forces on earth, there is the probably even more intense encounter in the spiritual world. In the present case the ardent desire of Satan, his insistent demand, had been counteracted by the Savior s prayer for Simon s salvation. For other instances of this superterrestrial warfare see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.1.6-18.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Job 1:6 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.2.1-18.2.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.2.1-18.2.6|AUTODETECT|” 2:1 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.1-38.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.1-38.3.5|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 3:1 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 5 2 8 0 0 e. Satan has desired to sift & as wheat. ) This sifting of wheat basically refers to the repeated, swift, and violent shaking of the wheat in a sieve. Someone often a woman grasps a sieve in both hands, and begins to shake it vigorously from side to side so that the chaff will rise to the surface. This is then thrown away. Next, she puts that sieve through a teeter-totter motion, raising now this and then that side, and blowing over it, so that what still remains of the chaff gathers in an easily removable pile. The purpose is, of course, to save the wheat, now separated from chaff and other unwanted materials.) What Jesus is saying, then, is this: the disciples too will be subjected to a severe trial.

That trial is going to happen this very night, and probably often afterward in their lives. But the emphasis is upon the events of this night.) f. Although Jesus is here addressing one individual, namely, Simon, he is predicting what is going to happen to the entire group: note Satan has desired to sift you .) g. Satan has desired & that is, has asked to have for himself. We are again reminded of the story of Job, how Satan demanded that he be given a free hand with respect to that eminent child of God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.6-43.17.19|AUTODETECT|” h. But I have prayed for you. Note here the singular you, namely Simon. Not as if Jesus did not also pray for the other disciples. He prayed for them this very night 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.6-43.17.19|AUTODETECT|” John 17:6 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), and must have prayed for them many times previously. But in the present passage the reference is to the intercession of Jesus for Simon, for him alone. Why this was we do not know. Was it perhaps because Simon was the recognized leader, a man who could be expected to exert influence on the others? Other suggestions that have been made are: because Simon was very headstrong, impetuous, a hard case therefore.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 i. The substance of Christ s prayer was that your faith may not utterly fail, in other words, that in the end your faith may prevail.) j. This interpretation also harmonizes with the words and you, once you have returned [or: have retraced your steps], strengthen your brothers. To be sure, considered in and by itself, Simon s fall was bad, very bad, tragic. Yet, once it had occurred, Simon must make good use of this bad fall. He must use it to strengthen his fellow disciples.) 33. But he replied, Lord, with you I am ready to go even to prison and to death.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.23|AUTODETECT|” It is clear from this that Simon did not know himself. The heart is deceitful above all things; it is exceedingly corrupt; who can know it? Simon should have prayed the prayer of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.23|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 139:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 34. But Jesus answered, I tell you, Peter, a rooster will not crow today before you deny three times that you know me.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.34|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.34|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.30|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.38|AUTODETECT|” John 13:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 13 2 8 0 0 The threefold denial will accordingly take place before the early morning hours.) The reference to the crowing of the rooster does double duty: (a) It indicates the shallow character of Simon s boast. Within just a few hours, yes, even before dawn, Peter will publicly disown his Master! Yet, (b) this very rooster-crowing will also serve as a means of bringing Peter back to repentance, for Christ s reference to it becomes firmly embedded in that disciple s mind, so that at the appropriate moment this hidden memory will suddenly pull the rope that will ring the bell of Peter s conscience. See 22:60 62.) Note that here, in verse 34, Jesus, by exception it never happened before or afterward calls this disciple Peter, as if to remind him of his duty, namely, to be a rock, a duty which he was about to neglect so shamefully.) For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 977 980.) ) 22:35 38 You did not lack anything, did you? ) 35 Then Jesus asked them, When I sent you out without purse or bag or sandals, you did not lack anything, did you? They replied, No, nothing. ) 36 He said to them, But now let him who has a purse take it along, and also a bag. And let him who has no sword sell his coat��566�� and buy one. 37 For I tell you, what has been written must be fulfilled in me:) And he was numbered with the transgressors. ) Yes, that (passage) about me is reaching its fulfilment. ) 38 They said, Lord, look, here are two swords! ) He said to them, Enough of that! ��567��) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” The discussion between Jesus and his disciples is resumed at this point. See the summary on p. 960. In all probability by now Judas has already left. See on verse 39 and cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” John 13:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . It is Jesus himself who starts the conversation with the remaining Eleven (verse 35a). It is he also who brings it to a conclusion (verse 38b). And throughout it is he who is in control.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 Yet, they are not merely listeners. Twice their reactions are recorded (verses 35b and 38a).) Jesus opens the discussion by informing The Eleven that they are about to be confronted with a situation totally different than heretofore. Up to now he had fully assumed the responsibility of caring for them. And the enemies had aimed their poisoned arrows mainly at him. From now on things would be different. For this change they must prepare themselves.) The contrast between the two situations is brought out sharply in verses 35, 36.

Note the wide gap between these two verses. Jesus had been providing for them (verse 35). From now on they must provide for themselves (verse 36). Of course, that is not true in an absolute sense. The disciples had not been entirely passive until now, and from now on Jesus, from his position on the Father s right hand in heaven, would certainly still bless and keep them. But in a relative sense it is definitely true, for in just a little while Jesus will be taken away from these men and they will no longer be able to walk by his side, asking him questions and listening to his answers.

Also, once Jesus has been crucified, the wrath of the opponents will be directed against Christ s disciples. It is they who will then be persecuted.) 35. Then Jesus asked them, When I sent you out without purse or bag or sandals, you did not lack anything, did you? They replied, No, nothing.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.10|AUTODETECT|” Though it is true that the terminology purse, bag, sandals corresponds more precisely with the charge to the seventy (or seventy-two) than with that to The Twelve (cf. 10:4 with 9:3), yet, as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.8|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 make clear, there is no essential difference. In both cases precautionary measures with a view to what might happen on the journey had been ruled out. So now the Lord asks the disciples whether under these circumstances they had suffered lack of anything. When they answer that they had not,) 1 1 2 8 0 0 36. He said to them, But now let him who has a purse take it along, and also a bag. And let him who has no sword sell his coat [or robe] and buy one.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.11-43.17.13|AUTODETECT|” That the situation in which Christ s apostles would find themselves after his departure would indeed be different from what it was before follows also from the words found in the highpriestly prayer 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.11-43.17.13|AUTODETECT|” John 17:11 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). From now on these men will have to take the initiative. They will need to cultivate courage to a degree not expected of them before. Making provision for missionary travels, such as taking along a purse and a traveling bag, will now be necessary.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Up to this point the reader experiences no great difficulty. But the puzzling statement Let him who has no sword sell his coat and buy one has led to all kinds of interpretations. Chief among them are the following:) a. Jesus was speaking of a literal sword, for protection against robbers, brigands, etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.51|AUTODETECT|” Objection: In that case why would he have rebuked Peter when he wielded his sword? See verses 49 51; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.51|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.52|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.52|AUTODETECT|” 52) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” John 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 b. The reference is to a knife (butcher knife, carving knife). Before this time the needs of the disciples had been supplied by others. Their hosts would do the cutting and carving of the meat. Now they will have to do this themselves.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.52|AUTODETECT|” Objection: We can hardly imagine that in this very connection Jesus, using the same word for the instrument in question, would have said, All who take the knife shall perish with the knife. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.52|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:52) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 c. The term sword must be interpreted figuratively. The meaning is that in the circumstances that are about to arise The Eleven will need all the courage they can muster.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.6|AUTODETECT|” In view of the context (see especially verse 38) and of the fact that again and again Jesus used figurative language 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.6|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 16:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.52|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.52|AUTODETECT|” Luke 8:52) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.19|AUTODETECT|” John 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.13|AUTODETECT|” 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.51|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.51|AUTODETECT|” 6:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.11|AUTODETECT|” 11:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; etc.), this is probably the correct explanation.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 It is not difficult to understand that the constant reference Jesus made to his imminent suffering and death, even his reference to it this very night (see verses 15, 20, and what is implied in verses 35, 36), filled the hearts of the disciples with dismay and their minds with bewilderment. Cf. 18:34. Was he, their Master, about to die? But in view of what they had confessed him to be (9:20), a confession with which he had apparently agreed, how was this even possible? So again, as on more than one previous occasion (see especially 9:21, 22; 18:31 33), Jesus emphasizes this very fact (his imminent death), a fact apart from which verses 35, 36 cannot be explained.) 37. For I tell you, what has been written must be fulfilled in me:) And he was numbered with the transgressors.) Yes, that (passage) about me is reaching its fulfilment.) A few thoughts stand out here:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.0|AUTODETECT|” a. This is one of the New Testament passages in which ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.0|AUTODETECT|” Isaiah 53) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.0|AUTODETECT|” is definitely applied to Jesus. For the prominence of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.0|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 in the New Testament see N.T.C. on Philippians, pp. 82, 83.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.0|AUTODETECT|” b. Not only that, but it is Jesus himself who informs us that ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.0|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 refers to him!) 1 1 2 8 0 0 c. The statement is by no means pessimistic. It is the very opposite. The words must be fulfilled indicate that the Savior regarded not only his life but also his death as the fulfilment of God s plan.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.12|AUTODETECT|” d. Moreover, by mentioning the fact that he, though conscious of his innocence, in fact of his holiness, will, in fulfilment of prophecy, be numbered with the transgressors, does he not clearly imply that his death is substitutionary in character? Would Jesus have quoted these words from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.12|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 if he had not also believed the words which immediately follow: yet he bare the sin of many and made intercession for the transgressors ?) 1 4 2 8 0 0 How tragic that, once again, the disciples do not understand the meaning of Christ s words. Besides, they are still thinking of the immediately preceding passage (verse 36b), And let him who has no sword sell his coat and buy one. So 38. They said, Lord, look, here are two swords! As if Jesus had been talking about the necessity of having and using literal swords!) No wonder that his answer is curt and decisive: He said to them, Enough of that! This reply prevents any further conversation about that subject.) One important element in Christ s suffering was certainly this, that even his most intimate disciples failed to understand him.��568��) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.24-42.22.38|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.24-42.22.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:24 38) 1 5 2 8 0 0 Verses 24, 27, 28) There & arose a dispute among them as to which one of them was considered to be the greatest. & I am among you as one who serves.& But you are those who have stood by me in my trials. What a sharp contrast between self-centered disciples and the self-sacrificing Savior! Nevertheless, even now he praises these men for having stood by him in his trials. What a lesson he gives us in humans relations !) Verses 31, 32) Satan has asked & I have prayed. Christ s prayers are effective because they are based on his merits, his self-sacrifice.) Verse 32) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.11.30|AUTODETECT|” Strengthen your brothers. Bringing the gospel of salvation full and free to those who have never heard it is surely to be encouraged in every way. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.11.30|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 11:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.19|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 28:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.22|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . But are we probably forgetting that the strengthening of the brothers is also necessary?) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Paul addressed his letters to the saints, the faithful in Christ Jesus, the church, etc. He realized that edification of those already in the fold was just as necessary as evangelization of those still outside. We sometimes forget this! The church should pray not only for its missionaries; it should also pray for and cooperate with its ministers. In certain situations the task assigned to the latter is as difficult as is that placed upon the shoulders of the former.) Verse 33) Peter replied, & I am ready. Well, he was not.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” God s command is Be ready 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.36|AUTODETECT|” The believer s prayer should be Make me ready. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.36|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 119:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 18 2 8 0 0 Open my eyes that I may see) Glimpses of truth thou hast for me.) Place in my hands the wonderful key) That shall unclasp and set the free.) Open my ears, that I may hear) Voices of truth thou sendest clear,) And while the wave-notes fall on my ear) Everything false will disappear.) Silently now I wait for thee,) Ready, my God, thy will to see.) Open my eyes, illumine me,) Spirit divine.) Stanzas from) Open My Eyes ) by C. H. Scott) ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 22:24 38) Verse 24) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.16|AUTODETECT|” �� (�� plus �� = loving strife), strife, dispute; cf. ��, contentious 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.16|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 11:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 4 2 8 0 0 Here again, as in the preceding verse, the article introduces the indirect question. Mood and tense of the direct question are retained.) Degrees of comparison in verses 24, 26, and 27) In verses 24 and 26 the comparative �� is used in the sense of a superlative greatest. See the note on 7:28 on page 403, and the note on 7:42 on page 412. In verse 27, however, the comparative greater makes good sense. And in verse 26 the comparative �� should probably also be interpreted as a superlative.) Verse 25) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.9|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. pl. pres. indicat. of ��, to be �� (lord) over, to lord it over. In Luke s writings here only, but the word occurs also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.9|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.1|AUTODETECT|” 7:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.9|AUTODETECT|” 14:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.24|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.15|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.15|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 8 2 8 0 0 �P��, nom. pl. of �P��, well-doer, benefactor.) Verse 26) ��, third per. s. pres. imperat. middle of ��, hence here: let him become; or, if full force of pres. has been retained: let him continue to be.) A !��, the one leading, the leader.) Verse 28) ��, nom. pl. masc. perf. act. participle of ��, with intensive or perfective use of ��, to remain continually (with someone), to stand by (him).) ��, dat. pl. of ��, trial, proof, temptation.) Verse 29) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.16|AUTODETECT|” ��, to decree, ordain, dispose of property by ��, will 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.16|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 9:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.29|AUTODETECT|” f.), but here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.29|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 probably: I confer, bestow. Note also the third per. s. 2nd aor. indicat. middle of the same verb: (the Father) has bestowed.) 1 27 2 8 0 0 Verse 30) Note here the second per. pl. pres. subjunct. (after 5��, futuristic) act., that you may eat and drink, followed by the fut. indicat., and may sit, etc. As has been indicated previously, the relation between the subjunct. and the future indicat. is very close.) Verses 31, 32) ��, third per. s. aor. middle indicat. of ��, in the middle: to ask something or someone of (�) someone, for oneself (sense of middle voice). In the New Testament this verb occurs only here, though the base �0��, to ask, is very common, especially in the Gospels and Acts.) ��, aor. infinitive of ��*, to sift; cf. ��, a sieve or strainer.) Important: note distinction between you in verse 31, and you in verse 32. See explanation.) ��, first per. s. aor. indicat. pass. of ��, to make request, ask, pray.) ��, third per. s. aor. (effective) subjunct. (after 5�� t) of ��. The prefix probably has perfective force; hence that your faith may not run out, may not utterly fail. See also on 16:9 and on 23:45.) ��, nom. s. masc. aor. act. participle of ��, to turn around, return, turn back.) ��, sec. per. s. aor. imperat. act. of ��, to render stedfast, strengthen.) Verse 34) ��, sec. per. s. aor. subjunct. middle, or fut. indicat. middle (same form) of ��, to deny, disown.

See the note on 12:9 on page 660.) �0��, 2nd perf. act. infinitive of �6��, to know, related to an assumed �4��, to see.) Verse 35) ��, first per. s. aor. indicat. of ��, to send out. Cf. apostle. This verb occurs very frequently in the New Testament, especially in the Gospels and Acts.) After �� this verse uses the gen. (or ablative if one prefers) of ��, purse; ��, traveler s bag; and Q��, sandals. For all three, mentioned in the same order but as accusatives, see the note on 10:4 on page 587.) Q��, sec. per. pl. aor. indicat. of Q��, to fall short, lack; see the note on 15:14 on page 760.) �P��, gen. s. of �P��, no one; here (neuter) nothing. To account for the genitive one might render the question and answer as follows, Did you experience lack of anything? They said, No, of nothing. ) Verse 36) The three verbs let him take (it) along, let him sell, let him buy, are third per. s. aor. imperatives.

For a summary of the meanings of �4�� see the note on 17:13 on page 803.) Verse 37) ��, aor. pass. infinitive of ��, to bring to an end, finish; pass. to be brought to an end, be finished, be fulfilled; see the note on 12:50 on page 689.) ) 22:39 46 On the Mount of Olives) The Prayer of Jesus) and) His Exhortation to Pray) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.36-40.26.46|AUTODETECT|” Cf. (Gethsemane) ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.36-40.26.46|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:36 46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.32-41.14.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.32-41.14.42|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:32 42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.1|AUTODETECT|” (a garden) ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.1|AUTODETECT|” John 18:1) 1 12 2 8 0 0 39 Then Jesus came outside and, as usual, went to the Mount of Olives. His disciples followed him. 40 When he arrived at the place, he said to them, Keep praying that you may not enter at all into temptation. 41 And he withdrew about a stone s throw beyond them, knelt down, and continued in prayer, saying, 42 Father, if thou art willing, remove this cup from me; nevertheless, not my will but thine be done. ) 43 ��569�� There appeared to him an angel from heaven, strengthening him. 44 And being in anguish, he prayed very fervently;��570�� and his sweat became like thick drops of blood falling down upon the ground.) 45 When he rose from prayer and came to the disciples, he found them sleeping from sorrow, 46 and he asked them, Why are you asleep? Get up and pray, that you may not enter into temptation. ) ) Gethsemane can I forget?) Or there thy conflict see,) Thine agony and bloody sweat,) And not remember thee?) J. Montgomery, lines from) According to Thy Gracious Word ) The beloved physician must have been deeply moved when he described what occurred in Gethsemane, or, as he simply calls the place, the Mount of Olives. He abbreviates, making no mention of the eight disciples who were left at the garden s gate, and of the three (Peter, James, and John) who accompanied Jesus into the grove; nor of the three separate prayers and the Savior s return, each time, to the three disciples, always finding them sleeping. On the other hand it is Luke alone who mentions the angel who came to strengthen Jesus.

It is he alone who refers to the sweat that became like thick drops of blood falling down upon the ground. It is Luke who, even more emphatically than Matthew and Mark, rivets our attention on the appalling horror to which the Savior was exposed, the frightful, soul-piercing anguish he experienced.) 39. Then Jesus came outside and, as usual, went to the Mount of Olives. His disciples followed him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.2|AUTODETECT|” The very fact that Jesus did the usual thing (cf. 21:37) makes this action of Jesus most unusual, most unlike what other people generally do when they are confronted with danger. When they know that going to the usual place is dangerous, they go somewhere else or stay where they are. Jesus, however, knowing that if tonight, as on previous nights, he should go to the Mount of Olives, he will be captured, with determination moves right ahead to that very place! He is fully aware of the fact that Judas the traitor knows this place and will have informed his bosses and co-conspirators about it 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.2|AUTODETECT|” John 18:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). So that s where Jesus goes. We can see him wending his way, followed by eleven and after entering the grove by three disciples. The Shepherd is in the process of laying down his life for his sheep. He must make, and wants to make, a voluntary sacrifice, the only kind of sacrifice that will suffice as an atonement for the sins of all those who repose their trust in him.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 40. When he arrived at the place, he said to them, Keep praying that you may not enter at all into temptation.) How wonderfully considerate is the Master. How big is his heart. So big that even during this night of bitter woe there is room in it for others. His heart goes out to them, for he fully realizes that the wrath of the Sanhedrin will not be appeased when he himself, the Leader, is caught. That wrath will be vented next upon those who have been following him. As a result, these disciples will be tempted to disown their Leader. Should that happen, it would be the worst evil that could overtake them.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.11|AUTODETECT|” If someone should raise the objection, But this cannot happen, for once a believer, always a believer, the answer would be that Jesus knew very well that this favorable result is brought about through the use of means, one of them being prayer: his own prayer for them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.11|AUTODETECT|” John 17:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), and their prayers for themselves. So he urges them to pray and to keep on praying that they may not enter at all into this insidious temptation.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 41, 42. And he withdrew about a stone s throw beyond them, knelt down, and continued in prayer, saying, Father, if thou art willing, remove this cup from me; nevertheless, not my will but thine be done.) Note the following:) a. A stone s throw probably from the eight disciples near the garden s entrance. The three disciples would still be close enough to Jesus to see what he did and to hear what he said. To be sure, as the Savior kept on praying and agonizing these men fell asleep. But nothing prevents us from believing that they had kept awake long enough to preserve for that and later generations of believers a record of what happened here.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.42|AUTODETECT|” b. As to Christ s prayer as here recorded, careful study of the three separate petitions as reported by Matthew (26:39, 42, 44), the second and third being identical, shows that the one prayer of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.42|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 faithfully reproduces the essence of the three petitions of which Matthew makes mention.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.12|AUTODETECT|” Though it will never be possible for our minds to penetrate into the mystery of the horror Jesus experienced in Gethsemane, we cannot be far amiss if we state that it probably included at least this, that he was given a preview of the agonies of the fast approaching crucifixion. He had a foretaste of what it meant to be forsaken by his heavenly Father. And is it not reasonable to assume that during these dreadful periods of anguish Satan and his demons assaulted him, with the intention of causing him to turn aside from the path of obedience to God? Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.12|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 22:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.7|AUTODETECT|” The best commentary on what Jesus experienced in Gethsemane is surely the inspired statement of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.7|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , He offered up prayers and supplications with loud crying and tears.& ) 1 4 2 8 0 0 c. He prayed that this cup, this terrible impending experience climaxed by the cross and the sense of complete abandonment, might be spared him. As with his entire human nature he recoiled before this terror, he knelt down (so Luke), fell on his face (so Matthew). He was, as it were, being torn apart by agony.) d. To be noted especially, and this in all the reports, hence also here in Luke, is the Sufferer s complete and unqualified submission to the will of his heavenly Father: nevertheless, not my will but thine be done. ) In a passage that must be regarded as authentic see the note on pp. 990, 991 Luke adds: 43, 44. There appeared to him an angel from heaven, strengthening him.

And being in anguish, he prayed very fervently [or: more intensely] and his sweat became like thick drops of blood falling down upon the ground.) There are those who say that for Jesus to realize that an angel had to descend from heaven to strengthen him must have added to his feeling of deep humiliation. Granted, but should we not immediately add that in this dark hour the ministry of an angel must also have reconfirmed him in the belief that at this moment the Father had not completely forsaken him? Was it not, after all, the Father who sent the angel?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.8|AUTODETECT|” The opinion has been expressed by several that this strengthening affected only Christ s body, not his soul. Now it must be granted immediately that throughout this fiery ordeal Jesus never, even for a moment, crossed the boundary line between fear and sin. Nevertheless, to say that the strengthening he received was entirely limited to his body and in no sense whatever affected his soul is more than is probably warranted by such a passage as He learned obedience from the things which he suffered 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.8|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 In connection with Christ s sweat becoming like thick drops of blood, it is natural that Luke as a physician would inquire into and record this occurrence of hematidrosis. It took place while Jesus, suffering intensely, was engaged in fervent prayer. It must be borne in mind that the human nature of Jesus was sinless, and therefore very sensitive. When these factors extreme anguish, earnest supplication, unparalleled sensitivity are combined, the resulting strain can easily cause subcutaneous capillaries to dilate to such an extent that they will burst. And when this happens, as it is almost bound to do, in the vicinity of sweat glands, blood and sweat will be exuded together. This can happen over a large part of the body.

The thick drops or clots of blood, imparting a reddish color to the beads of perspiration, will then trickle down to the ground.) The main point to bear in mind is certainly this, that the anguish which brought about this phenomenon was for us. It was an indication of the Savior s undying love for the poor, lost sinners he had come to save.) 45, 46. When he rose from prayer and came to the disciples, he found them sleeping from sorrow, and he asked them, Why are you asleep? Get up and pray, that you may not enter into temptation.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.41|AUTODETECT|” When Jesus returned to the three disciples he asked them, Why are you asleep? It was late, very late, midnight or perhaps even a little later. Peter, James, and John were filled with sorrow, as Luke does not forget to mention. To be sure, they should have kept awake, and they could have done so had they only continued in earnest prayer. Jesus was willing to forgive. As he stood watching over his own he said very tenderly, Sleep on now and take your rest 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.41|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 4 2 8 0 0 Then, perhaps after but a short period of time, he addressed the sleepers again, saying, Get up and pray, that you may not enter into temptation. See above, on verse 40.) For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 989 992.) ) 22:47 53 The Betrayal of Jesus and His Reaction) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.47-40.26.56|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.47-40.26.56|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:47 56) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.43-41.14.50|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.43-41.14.50|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:43 50) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.3-43.18.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.3-43.18.11|AUTODETECT|” John 18:3 11) 1 7 2 8 0 0 47 While he was still speaking, look a crowd! The one called Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them, and he approached Jesus to kiss him.) 48 But Jesus said to him, Judas, (is it) with a kiss that you are betraying the Son of man? ) 49 Now when those around Jesus saw what was going to happen, they said, Lord, shall we strike with a sword? 50 And one of them slashed at the servant of the highpriest and severed his right ear.) 51 But Jesus said, No more of this! And he touched the man s ear and healed him.) 52 Then to the chief priests, captains of the temple guard, and elders, who had come out against him, Jesus said, As against a robber [or rebel] did you come out with swords and clubs? 53 When day by day I was with you in the temple you did not lay hands on me. But this is your hour and the rule of darkness. ) ) 47. While he was still speaking, look, a crowd! The one called Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them, and he approached Jesus to kiss him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” So, having taken the morsel, Judas went out immediately, and it was night. So reads ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” John 13:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.28|AUTODETECT|” . Where did he go? He must have hurried off to the chief priests, etc., the men who had hired him. Was he afraid that once his treachery became known the alarm would spread and from everywhere friends of Jesus think especially of the many from Galilee now in the city would gather in his defense? Act quickly, he must have told the Jewish authorities, preferably by night, when no crowds are around. Act tonight. The authorities had been waiting for him. So busy were they with this plot to destroy Jesus that, as explained in N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 401 404 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.28|AUTODETECT|” John 18:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.62-40.27.65|AUTODETECT|” ), they had not yet partaken of the Passover meal. The probable whereabouts of Jesus had to be ascertained; a posse had to be organized; the temple police must be notified; permission must be obtained, whether from Pilate 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.62-40.27.65|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 27:62 65) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 seems probable) or from the Roman chiliarch, so that a group of soldiers could accompany the temple police; all the members of the Sanhedrin must be alerted; Annas must not be left in the dark; lanterns, swords, and clubs must be collected; the need of secrecy must be emphasized to all those who are in on this; etc., etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.2|AUTODETECT|” Finally, then, all is in readiness. Now to find Jesus. Judas did not know for certain where the group might have gone after leaving the upper room, but since he knew that Gethsemane was a place often visited by the Master and his disciples 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.2|AUTODETECT|” John 18:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), the traitor was able to make a good guess, one that proved to be correct. So, while Jesus was still talking to the three disciples, Judas was seen entering the grove. Judas, one of the twelve, says the text, to emphasize the terrible character of the crime this man was committing. Since he was one of the twelve, it would be impossible to mention all the privileges that had been bestowed upon him during the many days, weeks, and months he had spent in Christ s immediate company. Such confidence had the other eleven reposed in this same Judas that they had even made him their treasurer. And now he was proving himself totally unworthy of all these honors and advantages, of all this trust. A shameless, disgusting quisling he had become, a wretched turncoat, one who for the paltry sum of thirty pieces of silver was delivering over to the enemy the greatest Benefactor whose feet ever trod this earth, even the Mediator, both God and man, the Lord Jesus Christ.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 No one knows exactly how the crowd that accompanied Judas was arranged, if it even be correct to speak about any order of arrangement. If a guess be permissible it would be as follows:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” In front Judas. Luke calls him the leader. He is the one who is going to approach Jesus, to kiss him, and thereby to point him out to the others. The highpriest s personal servant, Malchus, must also have been near to the front 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” John 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.3|AUTODETECT|” ) and so were also probably the temple police, Levites 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.3|AUTODETECT|” John 18:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.3|AUTODETECT|” ). The detachment of soldiers, together with their commander, cannot have been far behind 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.3|AUTODETECT|” John 18:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.3|AUTODETECT|” ). ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.3|AUTODETECT|” John 18:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 mentions a cohort, probably obtained from the tower of Antonia, situated at the northwest corner of the temple area. Though a cohort at full strength consisted of six hundred men (one-tenth of a legion), the Roman authorities would probably not have depleted their garrison to that extent. At any rate, the band must have been rather large.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.32|AUTODETECT|” But why Roman legionaries at all? Would not the temple police have sufficed? The answer is that the Sanhedrin had learned that these officers could not always be relied on. Who knows, they might even side with Jesus, as had happened once before. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.32|AUTODETECT|” John 7:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.45|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.45|AUTODETECT|” 45) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Hence, it was felt that a detachment of soldiers was also needed. And because the Roman authorities themselves were very desirous of preventing trouble in Jerusalem, especially during Passover, when there was always danger of Jewish rebellion, the requested legionaries were quickly obtained.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.52|AUTODETECT|” Perhaps somewhat farther toward the back were members of the Sanhedrin 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.52|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:52) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Whether any others were present we cannot be certain.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” The force that had been commissioned to capture Jesus was well-equipped. The men carried swords and clubs (verse 52). As to the first, these were probably the short swords carried by the heavily-armed Roman soldier. See N.T.C. on Ephesians, p. 279, including footnote 177. The clubs or cudgels, we may assume, were in the hands of the temple police. Absolute certainty in such matters is not possible. Words have histories in the present case this means that the term used in the original for swords may at times have had a more general meaning. It was not always used to distinguish these weapons from the broadswords. Also, we cannot be entirely certain that none but soldiers carried swords. Did not even Peter have a sword 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” John 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )? All we really know is that those who came to arrest Jesus carried swords and clubs. Their distribution is not definitely indicated, though it is natural to think of soldiers equipped with swords. The Gospel of John also mentions torches and lanterns. Torches and lanterns to search for the Light of the world. And it was full moon!

Swords and cudgels to subdue the Prince of Peace. For the Man of Sorrows the very sight of this band of ruffians, who considered him their quarry, meant indescribable suffering. And to think that the men who were supposed to be leaders in Israel, highly religious and devout, chief priests and scribes and elders, together composing the Sanhedrin, had sent this force. Instead of welcoming Jesus as the long-expected Messiah, they were sending a posse to capture him, with the ultimate purpose of having him brought before the authorities that he might be sentenced to death.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 48. But Jesus said to him, Judas, (is it) with a kiss that you are betraying the Son of man?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.44|AUTODETECT|” There are those who say that a kiss was the customary way of greeting a rabbi. However that may be, we may be sure that then as well as today though more so in certain regions of the globe than in others a kiss was the symbol of friendship and affection. As used by Judas, however, it is the prearranged signal for the arresting band to grab Jesus and, as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.44|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.23|AUTODETECT|” adds, to lead him away safely or under guard 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.23|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.15|AUTODETECT|” ). To be sure, Judas already has his money 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.15|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), but he also knows that he will not be able to keep it until he has made sure that the one he is betraying is actually in the hands of the Sanhedrin.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.45|AUTODETECT|” So, having arrived in Gethsemane, in front of the posse that had been dispatched to arrest Jesus, Judas, on seeing Jesus, steps forward. He then greets Jesus by saying Rabbi 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.45|AUTODETECT|” ) or, as Matthew has it, Hello, Rabbi. And what he does next has caused all later generations to recoil with horror at the mere mention of his name. Embracing Jesus he kisses him probably fervently or repeatedly. See on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 From the response of Jesus Judas, (is it) with a kiss that you are betraying the Son of man? it is clear that even at this very late moment Jesus is earnestly warning Judas. For his everlasting perdition he has only himself to blame. On the term Son of man see 5:24.) 49. Now when those around Jesus saw what was going to happen, they said, Lord, shall we strike with a sword?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.56|AUTODETECT|” By this time the other eight disciples had probably also joined Jesus. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.56|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:56) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , Then all the disciples deserted him and fled. If a little later they all fled, they must all have been with Jesus at this time. So when The Eleven saw what was about to happen, namely, that their Master was about to be captured, they asked him whether they should use force . Note that again, as so often previously, they had failed to grasp the meaning of the words of Jesus (verses 36, 38).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 One of the men did not even wait for an answer but went into action at once: 50. And one of them slashed at the servant of the highpriest and severed his right ear.) Although the incident is related in all four Gospels, only John (18:10) mentions the names of the two persons who (in addition to Jesus himself) figured most prominently in it. These two were Peter and Malchus, the highpriest s servant. The reason why John alone mentions these two names may well have been that when he published his Gospel it was no longer possible to punish the assailant.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.6|AUTODETECT|” That assailant was Simon Peter. Emboldened perhaps by the marvelous triumph of Jesus over the men who had come to capture him at first the would-be captors, at the word of Jesus, had lurched backward and fallen to the ground 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.6|AUTODETECT|” John 18:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.33|AUTODETECT|” ) and impelled by his own previous boasts 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.33|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.35|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.35|AUTODETECT|” 35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.29|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.31|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.31|AUTODETECT|” 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.33|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.37|AUTODETECT|” John 13:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” ), Simon drew his short sword from its scabbard. Then he sprang at Malchus and, probably because the servant saw what was coming and quickly jumped aside, cut off his ear. Among the synoptists it is Luke alone who makes mention of the fact that it was the right ear. As a doctor his interest in the anatomy of the human body was keener than that of the other synoptists. But see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” John 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 51. But Jesus said, No more of this! And he touched the man s ear and healed him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.11|AUTODETECT|” Although the rendering No more of this is not certain, it is possible and would bring the words in line with those used by the Lord in verse 38. It is clear at any rate that Jesus was forbidding the use of force. An expanded version of what he said is found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.11|AUTODETECT|” John 18:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.52-40.26.54|AUTODETECT|” , and an even more detailed account in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.52-40.26.54|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:52 54) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.23|AUTODETECT|” But not only what Jesus said is significant, also what he did. Had the ear been slashed off and was it hanging by a shred of skin (Lenski)? However one conceives of this, Luke, himself a healer, reports that Jesus touched the man s ear and healed him. It must not be possible for anyone to report truthfully that Jesus has either himself done anything wrong or has permitted it to remain uncorrected when done by someone else. Besides we once more see Jesus as the Great Sympathizer and Healer, the Savior, and this not only for the soul (in the case of all who place their trust in him) but even for the body. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.40|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.40|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.21|AUTODETECT|” 7:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.22|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.38|AUTODETECT|” 10:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 52, 53. Then to the chief priests, captains of the temple guard, and elders, who had come out against him, Jesus said, As against a robber [or rebel] did you come out with swords and clubs? When day by day I was with you in the temple you did not lay hands on me.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.43|AUTODETECT|” Right then and there Jesus addressed the crowd; particularly, as Luke points out, the chief priests, captains of the temple guard, and elders. Probably some scribes were also being addressed. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.43|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . All three groups that composed the Sanhedrin were represented here. For more on them see above, on 20:1, 2.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Of course, these people had no business being here during this sacred night, but they were so anxious to see whether their sinister plot against the enemy would succeed that they were actually to be seen among this crowd, probably in the rear. See N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 403, 404. Jesus then pointed out to the crowd to all those who had come to arrest him and all those who gloated over his capture how cowardly and perfidiously they were behaving. They had come out against him with an army, equipped with swords and clubs, as if he were a highwayman or, as the text can also be rendered, an insurrectionist, rebel, or revolutionary. In reality he was and had been a quiet, peaceful Prophet, sitting day by day in the temple, teaching the people.

His life had been an open book. Had he been guilty of any crimes, those in charge of law and order would have had every chance to seize him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.39|AUTODETECT|” If anyone wishes to know what kind of person this Jesus had proved himself to be during the slightly more than three years of his public ministry, let him read such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.39|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.13-41.10.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.13-41.10.16|AUTODETECT|” 10:13 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.23-40.4.25|AUTODETECT|” ; and see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.23-40.4.25|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:23 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.25-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.25-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” 11:25 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.18-40.12.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.18-40.12.21|AUTODETECT|” 12:18 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.49-42.22.51|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.49-42.22.51|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:49 51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.19|AUTODETECT|” 24:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.15|AUTODETECT|” John 6:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.11|AUTODETECT|” 18:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.36|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.36|AUTODETECT|” 36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.37|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.37|AUTODETECT|” 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.22|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.42|AUTODETECT|” . To say, as some have done, that Jesus was harmless is putting it too mildly. He was and is the Savior of the world 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.42|AUTODETECT|” John 4:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.14|AUTODETECT|” I John 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.44|AUTODETECT|” ), the world s greatest Benefactor. How absurd and hypocritical it was for the foe in the hour of darkness to pounce upon this Good Shepherd, from whom no one who heeded his message had anything to fear, and who even taught people to love their enemies! See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.44|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.7|AUTODETECT|” By addressing the crowds in this manner Jesus was in reality doing them a favor. He was exposing their guilt. Is it not true that it takes confession of guilt to bring about salvation? Though it is a fact that the great majority of those who heard Jesus speak these words hardened themselves in sin, we have no right to conclude that the message, together with other messages that followed (for example, the seven words from the cross, Peter s Pentecost address, etc.), was completely ineffective. See, for example, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.7|AUTODETECT|” Acts 6:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . The impression left upon us by these words of our Lord is that they were spoken in a calm and earnest manner. To be sure, Jesus rebukes, but at the same time he is even now seeking the lost, that he may save them.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Luke reports that Jesus added: But this is your hour and the rule of darkness.) This was the hour that is, the predestined hour (see above on verse 22) in which the powers of darkness had their own way with Jesus, always, however, subject to God s overruling providence!��571��) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.39-42.22.53|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.39-42.22.53|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:39 53) 1 4 2 8 0 0 Verse 42) Father, if thou art willing, remove this cup from me; nevertheless, not my will but thine be done. ) This prayer should serve as a model for our prayers, in the sense that we, too, should always submit our will to his.) Verse 43) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=25.3.33|AUTODETECT|” There appeared to him an angel from heaven, strengthening him. Is not this in line with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=25.3.33|AUTODETECT|” Lam. 3:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , He does not afflict from the heart [thus the original] nor grieve the children of men ? What a comfort to know this!) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 49) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.10.18-12.10.28|AUTODETECT|” Lord, shall we strike with a sword? Simon s rashness, reminding us of Jehu 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.10.18-12.10.28|AUTODETECT|” II Kings 10:18 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), is here contrasted with Christ s calmness (see verses 48, 51 53), a lesson for us all.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 51) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.46|AUTODETECT|” He touched the man s ear and healed him. Cf. verse 54, Then, seizing him, they led him away. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.46|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.12|AUTODETECT|” , They laid their hands on Jesus and arrested him. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.12|AUTODETECT|” John 18:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , Then the cohort and its commander and the officers of the Jews seized Jesus and bound him. ) 1 17 2 8 0 0 From these passages it becomes clear that when Jesus extended his hand to touch and heal the ear of Malchus, this was the last service he rendered with his hand before he was bound. Therefore, the last action of that hand, while it was still free, was one of love, one of rendering service to men. How it reminds us of his other similar deeds! Again and again he had placed his hand on people to heal and to bless them. He had even taken the little ones into his arm to bless them. Here, again, what a lesson for us all!) And lo, thy touch brought life and health,) Gave speech and strength and sight;) Lo, youth renewed and frenzy calmed,) Owned thee, the Lord of light.) And now, O Lord, be near to bless,) Almighty as of yore,) In crowded streets, by restless couch,) As by Gennesareth s shore.) From Thine Arm, O Lord ) by E.

H. Plumptre) ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 22:39 53) Verse 40) ��, sec. per. pl. pres. (durative) imperat. of ��, to pray. See the note on 9:18 on page 509.) �0��, aor. (ingressive) infinitive of �0��, to enter.) Verse 41) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.30|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. aor. indicat. pass. of ��, to draw away from; in pass. (here probably with middle meaning), to separate oneself from, draw away from, withdraw. In Luke s writings this verb occurs only here and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.30|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.1|AUTODETECT|” 21:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.51|AUTODETECT|” . It is also found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.51|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , there in the sense of to draw (a sword).) 1 7 2 8 0 0 ��v� (nom. s. masc. 2nd aor. act. participle of ��) �p ��, knelt down.) ��, third per. s. imperf. middle indicat. of ��, to pray. What kind of imperfect? Some say ingressive: began to pray; some, descriptive: was praying; some, progressive: continued to pray. Which of these is correct is hard to say.) Verse 42) ��, Attic form of Koine ��, sec. per. s. of ��. In Attic Greek the ending of the sec. per. middle or pass. is generally �� instead of �; thus always in the verbs ��, I will; �4��, I think; and D��, I shall see.) ��, third per. s. pres. imperat. middle of ��, here with the sense of: to be done; hence (Thy will) be (constantly) done. ) Verses 43, 44) Those who reject verses 43, 44 present the following reasons for this rejection: (a) this passage is missing from Codex Vaticanus and from other important manuscripts; (b) it looks like a scribal embellishment of Luke s text; (c) it may be considered a Western interpolation; and (d) it is out of harmony with the contents of the immediately preceding verse.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.7|AUTODETECT|” On the other hand, those who take the opposite view answer: (a) the passage is present in Codex Sinaiticus and is supported by several other witnesses, some of them early; (b) it is especially Luke who throughout his Gospel and book of Acts mentions angels again and again (see any good concordance and note the frequency of the word angel in Luke s writings as compared with its frequency in the other Gospels); (c) Luke also shows that Jesus himself was very conscious of the presence and work of angels; (d) the question is legitimate whether the omission of verses 43, 44 from several important manuscripts, etc., may not be ascribed to a theological bias, namely, the mistaken belief that what is reported here, being supposedly out of harmony with the doctrine of Christ s deity, was a legitimate basis of appeal for the Arians; and (e) the passage is entirely in line with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.7|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . In both passages the fact that, in a sense, Christ s human nature, though entirely without sin, needed strengthening is held before us. Besides, as to the reasoning of those who reject the passage, are not some of their arguments of a purely subjective character? I believe the passage should be retained.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.43-42.22.44|AUTODETECT|” All this can be found in my N.T.C. on Mark, pp. 583, 584, footnote 722. After that commentary had been published, an article appeared by G. Schneider, Engel und Blutschweiss 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.43-42.22.44|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22, 43 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.43|AUTODETECT|” ). Redaktionsgeschichte im Dienste der Textkritik, BibZ 20 (1976), pp. 112 116. In defense of the authenticity of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.43|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.44|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.44|AUTODETECT|” 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.39-42.22.46|AUTODETECT|” that author presents some of the same arguments I had advanced. He adds that the pattern in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.39-42.22.46|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:39 46) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 corresponds to the scheme in the Lucan transfiguration narrative (9:28 32), and that the deletion of these verses may be traced, among other things, to an aversion to the miraculous. Schneider credits Redaction Criticism with the result he has reached.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.43|AUTODETECT|” Undoubtedly Redaction Criticism should be given all the credit to which it can properly lay claim, but is it not true that, without any recourse to that discipline, I, for one and probably many others along with me had already reached the same conclusion with respect to the genuine character of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.43|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.44|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.44|AUTODETECT|” 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ? To reach the right conclusion Redaction Criticism was not needed.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 d��, third per. s. aor. indicat. pass. of A��, to see; in pass., as here, to be seen, to appear. The first time Luke, in his Gospel, uses this form (d�� in 1:11) he similarly ascribes this appearance to an angel.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.19|AUTODETECT|” ��, nom. s. masc. pres. participle of ��**, to strengthen (0�� = strength); in the New Testament only here and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.19|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.5|AUTODETECT|” �� (� plus ��; hence, to stretch out), adv. (comparative degree), more intensely; or (if elative) very intensely, very fervently. For the adverb �� see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.5|AUTODETECT|” Acts 12:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.22|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . For the related verb �� see on verse 53.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 1��, sweat, perspiration; in the New Testament found only here. Cf. sudatorium.) Another hapax legomenon is ��, nom. pl. of ��, clot, thick drop. Cf. thrombosis.) Verse 45) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.0|AUTODETECT|” ��, gen. s. of ��, pain, grief, sorrow; in Luke only here; but four times in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.0|AUTODETECT|” John 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.0|AUTODETECT|” , three times in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.0|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.0|AUTODETECT|” , twice in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.0|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.0|AUTODETECT|” , and once each in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.0|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.0|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.0|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.0|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.0|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.0|AUTODETECT|” , and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.0|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Verse 46) �0��, sec. per. pl. aor. (ingress.) subjunct. (after 5�� t), to enter. This verb is very common in all four Gospels, also in Acts and Hebrews. It occurs five times in Rev.; elsewhere in the New Testament its use is scattered.) Verse 47) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.46|AUTODETECT|” ��, aor. infinitive of ��, to kiss. In the New Testament this verb is used in a threefold sense: (a) as a synonym of ��, to have affection for; see N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 494 500; (b) to like something or to like to do something, as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.46|AUTODETECT|” Luke 20:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; and (c), as here in 22:47, to kiss.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Verse 48) ��, dat. s. of ��, kiss. Note the following:) a. the unholiest kiss of all, that of Judas, as here.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.16|AUTODETECT|” b. the holy kiss 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.16|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.20|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 16:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.13.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.13.12|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 13:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.26|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.14|AUTODETECT|” c. the kiss of love 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.14|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.45|AUTODETECT|” d. the welcoming kiss, the one Simon the Pharisee neglected to give Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.45|AUTODETECT|” Luke 7:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 18 2 8 0 0 Verse 49) �x ��, acc. s. neut. fut. participle of �0��; therefore: what was going to be; i.e., what was going to happen.) �0, in a direct question, reminding one of Hebrew style, not to be translated.) �, instrumental.) ��, dat. s. of ��, sword; to be distinguished from ��, broadsword, or simply sword, when this distinction is not clear.) Verse 50) ��, third per. s. 2nd aor. act. indicat. of ��, to take away, remove, cut off, sever.) Verse 51) ��, sec. per. pl. pres. imperat. act. of ��, to allow, let be; hence here, let be until this, probably meaning, No more of this, or simply Stop. ) Verse 52) ��, acc. pl. masc. 2nd aor. participle of ��, here: to come out (against). See the note on 7:4 on page 380.) For �� (captain of the temple guard) see the note on 22:4 on page 967.) ��, acc. s. of ��, here perhaps robber, but rebel is also definitely possible. More about this word in the note on 10:30 on page 602.) Verse 53) ��, sec. per. pl. aor. indicat. act. of ��, to stretch out; here: to lay (hands) on. See verse 44 for related adverb.) ��, here perhaps domain, reign, rule. See W. Foerster, the article on this word in Th.D.N.T., Vol. II, p. 568, where that author points out that such power or rule is subject to God s overruling providence.) ) 22:54 62 Peter s Threefold Denial) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.57|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.57|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:57) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.58|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.58|AUTODETECT|” 58) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.69-40.26.75|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.69-40.26.75|AUTODETECT|” 69 75) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.53|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.53|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:53) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.54|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.54|AUTODETECT|” 54) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.66-41.14.72|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.66-41.14.72|AUTODETECT|” 66 72) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.15-43.18.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.15-43.18.18|AUTODETECT|” John 18:15 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.25-43.18.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.25-43.18.27|AUTODETECT|” 25 27) 1 8 2 8 0 0 54 Then, seizing him, they led him away and took him to the house of the highpriest. And Peter was following at a distance. 55 Now when they had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and had sat down together, Peter was sitting in the midst of them. 56 Then a servant girl saw him as he sat in the light (of the fire), and looking intently at him said, This fellow was also with him. 57 But he denied it, saying, I don t know him, woman. ) 58 A little later someone else saw him and said, You re one of them too. But Peter replied, Man, I m not! ) 59 About an hour later another man began to insist emphatically, Certainly this fellow was with him, for he s indeed a Galilean. 60 Peter replied, Man, I don t know what you re talking about. All at once, while he [Peter] was still speaking, a rooster crowed.) 61 The Lord turned and looked straight at Peter.) And Peter was reminded of the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, Before a rooster crows today, you will deny me three times. 62 And he went outside and wept bitterly.) ) 54 57. Then, seizing him, they led him away and took him to the house of the highpriest. And Peter was following at a distance.

Now when they had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and had sat down together, Peter was sitting in the midst of them. Then a servant girl saw him as he sat in the light (of the fire), and looking intently at him said, This fellow was also with him. But he denied it, saying, I don t know him, woman.) Having seized Jesus, his captors brought him to the highpriest s house or palace. Such a house looks into its own interior: that is, its rooms are built around an open courtyard. An arched passage leads from the heavy outside door or (better) gate into this inner court. In this passage there is a place (in some houses a little room) for the gate-keeper.

Sometimes, as also in the present instance, the court was lower than the rooms which ranged around it. It is not entirely impossible that the room to which Jesus had been led was a kind of gallery, from which what happened in the court could be seen and heard.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.57|AUTODETECT|” That the house here mentioned was the residence of Caiaphas is clearly implied in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.57|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:57) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.58|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.58|AUTODETECT|” 58) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.13|AUTODETECT|” . That it was, nevertheless, also occupied by Annas, the father-in-law of Caiaphas, becomes clear by comparing the passage from Matthew with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.13|AUTODETECT|” John 18:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Besides, is it not very natural to assume that these two close relatives, in mind and heart two of a kind, would be living in the same spacious mansion? Probably one wing was occupied by Annas, another by Caiaphas.��572��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.29|AUTODETECT|” Though all the disciples had fled, two Peter and another disciple soon rallied and began to follow the band that was leading Jesus to the highpriest s palace. In the case of Peter, following Jesus was probably prompted, in part, by the loud boasts he had uttered, as recorded in verse 33; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.29|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.31|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.31|AUTODETECT|” 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.58|AUTODETECT|” ; in part also, by sheer curiosity, as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.58|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:58) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.15|AUTODETECT|” states, and perhaps we should add, in part by love for his Master. Note, however, that he was following at a distance, probably through fear. How this disciple secured admission to the palace is described in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.15|AUTODETECT|” John 18:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Peter, then, having been allowed to enter the palace by its outer gate, walked through the archway that led to the unroofed courtyard, where he sat down with the palace servants and the temple guards (policemen), warming himself near the fire. By this time most of the soldiers, having delivered their prisoner, had probably returned to the fortress of Antonia.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 At this point Luke tells the story of Peter s three denials. These denials are reported in all four Gospels. For the manner in which the accounts are related to each other and for the interesting variations see N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 388 390; and on Mark, pp. 615, 616.) It would seem that the very moment when Peter had entered the palace, the portress, viewing him from her nook in the vestibule, had her suspicions. The fact that she had admitted him at the request of John seemed to indicate that Peter too was a disciple of Jesus. The uneasiness that could be read on his face confirmed her suspicions.

So, about to be relieved by another gate-keeper, she walks toward Peter, who has already entered the open courtyard, and who in the light of the fire by which he is warming himself is clearly visible. She fixes her eyes on him. Then, stepping even closer, she exclaims, This fellow was also with him. That the words she uses are reported somewhat differently in the other Gospels presents no difficulty. It must not be taken for granted that any Gospel, all by itself, reports all the words spoken by this girl.) Peter evidently has been floored. The suddenness and boldness of the servant girl s incriminating remark catch him off guard.

In spite of all his loud and repeated promises of unswerving loyalty to Jesus, promises made only a few hours earlier, he is now thoroughly frightened. One might say: he panics. Evidently he has failed to take to heart Christ s admonition recorded in 22:40. So he tells the girl, I don t know him, woman. ) 58. A little later someone else saw him and said, You re one of them too. But Peter replied, Man, I m not!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.71|AUTODETECT|” The second denial follows closely upon the first. In his frustration resulting from the first embarrassment Peter tries to get out of the building. However, the portresses are unwilling to let him out. So he gets no farther than the entrance way or vestibule which via the gate leads to the outside. Several people are standing around. It seems that the portress who is about to go off duty has already told the news about Peter to the girl who has come to relieve her. So this second girl 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.71|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:71) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.69|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.69|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:69) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) now says to those standing around, This fellow is one of them (as Mark has it); This fellow was with Jesus the Nazarene (Matthew s way of stating the same thing).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.58|AUTODETECT|” The fact that, according to our present passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.58|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:58) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), at least one male bystander now chimes in with what the two girls are saying does not make matters any easier for Peter. Again Peter denies his Lord. He says, I m not. According to Matthew this time his denial is accompanied by an oath.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 59, 60a. About an hour later another man began to insist emphatically, Certainly this fellow was with him, for he s indeed a Galilean. Peter replied, Man, I don t know what you re talking about.) We have noticed that even during the second denial interest in Peter s case was no longer confined to the portresses. And now the bystanders again express themselves. The reason for this is as follows: Having been refused exit, Peter returns to the open courtyard. An hour elapses. It would seem, therefore, that the first two denials took place during Christ s appearance before Annas. Now the situation changes somewhat: Jesus has been brought before Caiaphas and the entire Sanhedrin. Christ s first trial before this body is almost over.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.73|AUTODETECT|” During the interval of an hour the news about Peter has been spreading. Now the palace servants and the officers, the men who are standing around the fire with Peter, begin to tell him that he is one of Christ s disciples, and that his very accent or brogue identifies him as a Galilean. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.73|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:73) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . One man, as Luke shows, asserts emphatically, Certainly this fellow was with him, for he is indeed a Galilean. A comparison of the Gospel accounts shows that some people are talking to Peter, others about him. Accusations are flying in from every direction. This was enough to get anyone excited, especially excitable Simon! He answers, I don t know what you re talking about. ) 1 7 2 8 0 0 But as if all this were not enough, a relative of Malchus bursts out, Did I not see you in the garden with Jesus? For this story see N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 399, 400.) Angry and excited Peter now begins to call down curses on himself and to swear that he doesn t even know Jesus. He must have said something like, May God do this or that to me if it be true that I am or ever was a disciple of Jesus. He stands there invoking on himself one curse after another. And the louder this Galilean talks, the more, without realizing it, he is saying to all those standing around, I m a liar. ) What happened next was probably this: Jesus, his night trial ended, was being led across the court to his prison cell, from which within a few hours he would be led once more before the Sanhedrin.) 60b, 61.

All at once while he [Peter] was still speaking, a rooster crowed. The Lord turned and looked straight at Peter. And Peter was reminded of the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, Before a rooster crows today, you will deny me three times.) When Peter heard the crowing of the rooster, and saw Jesus looking at him, with eyes full of pain, yet also of pardon, his memory of Christ s warning prediction was suddenly awakened. In this connection we must not forget that the look of Jesus would have been wasted on Peter if it had not been that Peter was looking at Jesus. ��573��) 62. And he went outside and wept bitterly.) How it came about that Peter is at last permitted to leave the palace is not stated. Can it have been because now everybody s attention is fixed on Jesus?

However that may be, Peter goes out and weeps as only he can weep: bitterly, profusely, sorrowfully, his heart being filled with genuine regret for what he has done.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.17.9|AUTODETECT|” How deceitful is man s heart. It is exceedingly corrupt. Who can know it? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.17.9|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 17:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.8.13|AUTODETECT|” ). See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.8.13|AUTODETECT|” II Kings 8:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; cf. verse 15. Think of it: Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. I don t know what you re talking about. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.55.12-19.55.14|AUTODETECT|” How Jesus must have suffered! No doubt much more because of these base denials by a highly favored disciple and friend than because of the blows and the mockery inflicted on him by his avowed enemies. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.55.12-19.55.14|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 55:12 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Finally, how God s pardoning grace and the Savior s forgiving love are here revealed! See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” 53:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.6|AUTODETECT|” 55:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.7|AUTODETECT|” I John 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 b.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 999 1002.) ) 22:63 65 The Mocking and Beating of Jesus) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.67|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.67|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:67) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.68|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.68|AUTODETECT|” 68) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.65|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.65|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:65) 1 2 2 8 0 0 63 Meanwhile the then who were holding Jesus in custody began to mock and to beat him. 64 And having blindfolded him, they were demanding, Prophesy! Who is it that struck you? 65 And they were saying many other insulting things to him.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.57-40.26.66|AUTODETECT|” The story now turns from Peter to Jesus. Having been captured and led to the highpriest s palace, he was informally condemned to death by the Sanhedrin in a night session. Luke does not report that incident. See, however, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.57-40.26.66|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:57 66) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.53-41.14.64|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.53-41.14.64|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:53 64) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.67|AUTODETECT|” Luke relates what immediately followed 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.67|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:67) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.68|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.68|AUTODETECT|” 68) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.65|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.65|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:65) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He writes:) 1 7 2 8 0 0 63, 64. Meanwhile the men who were holding Jesus in custody began to mock and to beat him. And having blindfolded him, they were demanding, Prophesy! Who is it that struck you?) The venerable (?) members of the Sanhedrin now show their cruel, vengeful, sadistic character. Utterly mean are they, inhuman, base, contemptible! Even if we allow that the cruelty to which Jesus was now subjected was the action of the underlings, and not directly of the priests, etc., it remains true that it was carried out with the wholehearted permission and co-operation of the members of the Sanhedrin.

Think of it, he who throughout his earthly sojourn went about doing good was now made the object of cruelty inflicted upon body and soul. They struck him heavy blows. And cruelty plus mockery reached its climax when with their fists these wicked men struck the blindfolded prisoner in the face, and then shouted, Prophesy! Who is it that struck you? ) Filled with such horror is the evangelist when he reflects on this that he refuses to go into more detail but simply states:) 65. And they were saying many other insulting things to him.) For Practical Lessons and Greek Words, etc., see pp. 999 1002.) ) 22:66 71 The Early Morning Trial Before the Sanhedrin) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.1|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 27:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.1|AUTODETECT|” Mark 15:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 a) 1 6 2 8 0 0 66 As soon as it was day the council of the elders of the people, both chief priests and scribes, assembled, and they brought him back to��574�� their Sanhedrin. 67 They said to him, If you are the Christ, tell us. ) He answered, If I tell you, you will certainly not believe; 68 and if I question you, you will certainly not answer. 69 But from now on the Son of man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God. ) 70 Then they all asked, So you are the Son of God? ) He replied, You are right; I am. ) 71 They said, What further need do we have of testimony? For we have heard it ourselves from his own mouth. ) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.66-42.22.71|AUTODETECT|” As to substance also cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.66-42.22.71|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:66 71) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.63-40.26.66|AUTODETECT|” with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.63-40.26.66|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:63 66) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.61-41.14.64|AUTODETECT|” and with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.61-41.14.64|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:61 64) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.12-43.18.14|AUTODETECT|” . And for the preliminary hearing before Annas see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.12-43.18.14|AUTODETECT|” John 18:12 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.19-43.18.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.19-43.18.23|AUTODETECT|” 19 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (note N.T.C. on the Gospel of John, Vol. II, pp. 385 388).) 1 5 2 8 0 0 66. As soon as it was day the council of the elders of the people, both chief priests and scribes, assembled, and they brought him back to their Sanhedrin.) The reason this meeting was called was in all probability to give a semblance of legality to the proceedings against Jesus. With respect to the question Were the trials of Jesus (before the Sanhedrin and before Pilate) legal or illegal? a vast literature has sprung up.��575��) From the Jewish side an attempt has been made to prove that the Sanhedrin tried its level best to rescue Jesus, not being at all anxious to condemn him to death. Needless to say there is nothing in Scripture that supports this theory in any way. When an official body like the Jewish Sanhedrin, by the unofficial and illegal action of its members, goes in search of witnesses against Jesus, when it brings Jesus before Annas, a man who no longer had any judicial authority (though he probably still exercised a tremendous amount of influence), when the highpriest attempts to force the prisoner to testify against himself, etc., etc., the only fair conclusion is that we are dealing here with a case not of justice but of the perversion or miscarriage of justice.) Note in this passage the mention of all three groups that entered into the composition of the Sanhedrin.��576��) 67a. They said to him, If you are the Christ, tell us.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.55-41.14.59|AUTODETECT|” As ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.55-41.14.59|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:55 59) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 makes clear, the witnesses that had been sought could not agree and consequently were of no help. So in sheer desperation the judges begin to assume the role of prosecuting attorneys or of accusers. This is not an exaggeration. That the leaders hated Jesus and were determined to destroy him must be accepted by anyone who claims to believe the testimony of Scripture. And this sinister desire had not taken possession of them just yesterday. See above, on verse 2.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 So now this august body, with Caiaphas in charge, is asking Jesus to make a statement which can be used by them for the formulation of a charge sufficient to have him put to death! If he will now only co-operate and tell them that he is the Christ with all the political overtones they could read into this confession he could be accused before the Roman authorities and destroyed.) 67b 69. He answered, If I tell you, you will certainly not believe; and if I question you, you will certainly not answer. But from now on the Son of man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.3-42.20.7|AUTODETECT|” What Jesus is saying, therefore, amounts to this, No matter what I say, you will certainly not believe me, for you are prejudiced. And if I put a question to you regarding this matter, in order that by this method you might be led to the right answer, you will certainly not answer. As to the latter, was not that exactly what had already occurred? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.3-42.20.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 20:3 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.64|AUTODETECT|” The great saying But from now on, etc. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.64|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:64) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.62|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.62|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:62) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.110.1|AUTODETECT|” ), is a commentary on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.110.1|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 110:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.13|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.13|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 7:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . The idea that the Messiah would be seated at the right hand of God, etc., was accepted even in Jewish circles.��577�� For the term Son of man see above, on 5:24. As to the expression the power of God here the reference is to God in all his majesty and greatness.��578��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Jesus is looking down history s lane. He sees the miracles of Calvary, the resurrection, the ascension, the coronation at the Father s right hand . He sees Pentecost, the glorious return on the clouds of heaven, the judgment day, all rolled into one, manifesting his power and glory. On the final day of judgment he, even Jesus, will be the Judge, and these very men Caiaphas and his partners will have to answer for the crime they are now committing. Christ s prophecy is also a warning!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.13|AUTODETECT|” The members of the Sanhedrin did not doubt at all that Jesus by saying the Son of man was referring to himself. They also knew that the One so indicated in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.13|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 7:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 was indeed divine. This explains their question: 70. Then they all asked, So you are the Son of God? Now note the unqualified, solemn answer: He replied, You are right; I am. The fact that the original, which, literally rendered, is You say that I am, can have no other meaning than You are right; I am is clear from what immediately follows, namely: 71. They said, What further need do we have of testimony? For we have heard it ourselves from his own mouth.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.65|AUTODETECT|” The highpriest and the others present regarded this claim as usurpation of divine honor by a mere man; in other words, as blasphemy. So the highpriest tore his garment 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.65|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:65) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.63|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.63|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:63) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), and all agreed that further testimony was unnecessary.��579��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.54-42.22.71|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.54-42.22.71|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:54 71) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Note the following items in the story of Peter s fall and restoration:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.31|AUTODETECT|” a. Simon, Simon, watch out! Satan has asked to sift you as wheat. But I have prayed for you & and you, once you have returned to me, strengthen your brothers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.31|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 5 2 8 0 0 b. Lord, with you I am ready to go even to prison and to death (22:33).) c. A rooster will not crow today before you deny three times that you know me (22:34).) d. The three denials, ending with Man, I don t know what you re talking about (22:57 60a).) e. All at once & a rooster crowed. The Lord turned and looked straight at Peter (22:60b, 61a).) f. Peter remembered.& He went outside and wept bitterly (22:61b, 62).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.15|AUTODETECT|” g. Peter s rehabilitation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.15|AUTODETECT|” John 21:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 f.).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 h. Now note how Peter, having by God s grace retraced his steps and having been restored, strengthened, and is still strengthening, his brothers :) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.14-44.2.42|AUTODETECT|” (1) his Pentecost address 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.14-44.2.42|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:14 42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.1-44.3.26|AUTODETECT|” (2) Silver and gold have I none, etc. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.1-44.3.26|AUTODETECT|” Acts 3:1 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 (3) And in no one else is there salvation, etc. (4:5 12).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.1-44.5.11|AUTODETECT|” (4) Other testimonies by Peter, or, as in point (2), by Peter and one or more others: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.1-44.5.11|AUTODETECT|” Acts 5:1 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.17-44.5.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.17-44.5.32|AUTODETECT|” 5:17 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.14-44.8.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.14-44.8.24|AUTODETECT|” 8:14 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.36-44.9.43|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.36-44.9.43|AUTODETECT|” 9:36 43) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; ch. 10; 11:1 18; 12:1 19.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 i. The testimony found in Peter s epistles, an example being:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.5|AUTODETECT|” Be clothed with humility.& Be sober, be watchful, your adversary, the devil, as a roaring lion, is prowling around, seeking someone to devour. But resist him by standing firm in (your) faith 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.5|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). When Peter wrote these words he was speaking from experience. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.65|AUTODETECT|” See also on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.65|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:65) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.23|AUTODETECT|” , And they were saying many other insulting things to him. Peter reflects on this in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.23|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , While he was reviled, he did not revile in return; while suffering, he made no threats, but constantly entrusted himself to him who judges righteously.& He himself bore our sins in his body on the cross.& By his wounds we are healed. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.11-48.2.21|AUTODETECT|” All this does not mean that while still on earth Peter became perfect, that is, sinless. On the contrary, read the story of his temporary lapse 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.11-48.2.21|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:11 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). But, by and large, the grace of God was certainly magnified in his labors, so that, by means of it, he became a Rock of strength.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 70) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.13|AUTODETECT|” So you are the Son of God? Jesus replied, You are right. I am. This, too, as well as the one before Pilate 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.13|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.63|AUTODETECT|” ), can justly be termed a good confession. Its significance stands out all the more sharply because of Christ s many silences 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.63|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:63) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.12|AUTODETECT|” 27:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.5|AUTODETECT|” Mark 15:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.9|AUTODETECT|” Luke 23:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.9|AUTODETECT|” John 19:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Jesus knew when to speak, and when not, a lesson for us to take to heart.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 22:54 71) Verse 54) ��, nom. pl. masc. 2nd aor. act. participle of ��, to seize, arrest. For a summary of the various meanings of this verb see the note on 1:24 on pp. 81, 82.) Note: they led him away and brought him to, etc., two third per. pl. 2nd aor. (effective) indicat. act. verbs, the first simple, the second compound, both based on ��, to lead, bring.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.4|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. imperfect of ��, to follow. This imperfect has been called graphic, vivid, progressive, descriptive, and even picturesque! The author is picturing, very vividly describing, what was happening. Luke has already used this verb many times, beginning at 5:11, and is going to use it once more in his Gospel (23:27), and a few times in Acts. It abounds also in the other three Gospels and occurs six times in the book of Revelation. For the rest, in the entire New Testament it is found only once 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.4|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 10:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , & the Rock that followed [or: accompanied] them ). The meaning is to follow, accompany. Cf. acolyte.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Verse 55) Note the two gen. absolutes: they having kindled and they having sat down together. The �� in �� may basically indicate that they had kindled the fire all around, hence thoroughly. How much of the perfective sense still remained is hard to say.) �P��, gen. s. of �P��, courtyard. This is a word about which there has been much dispute. Because of the context in each individual case, the following meanings are probably correct:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.1|AUTODETECT|” a. sheepfold: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.1|AUTODETECT|” John 10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . The context has reference to shepherds and their sheep. The meaning sheepfold is therefore natural.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.58|AUTODETECT|” b. court, courtyard: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.58|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:58) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.69|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.69|AUTODETECT|” 69) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.54|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.54|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:54) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.66|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.66|AUTODETECT|” 66) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.55|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.55|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:55) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.15|AUTODETECT|” John 18:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.1|AUTODETECT|” . In all these cases Peter is represented as being with the temple police and the palace servants, warming himself near the fire in an open or roofless place, one that is represented as being lower than the rest of the house or palace. Hence, the natural meaning is court or courtyard. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.1|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 11:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 makes a distinction between the inner temple and naturally the outer court. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.3|AUTODETECT|” c. house, palace: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.3|AUTODETECT|” Matthew 26:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.16|AUTODETECT|” Mark 15:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.21|AUTODETECT|” Luke 11:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.3|AUTODETECT|” . Respectively, the argument for house or palace is as follows: A courtyard, with servants passing in and out, would not have suited the context of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.16|AUTODETECT|” . The expressed synonym praetorium indicates that more than a courtyard is meant in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.16|AUTODETECT|” Mark 15:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.21|AUTODETECT|” . And the owner of a house or palace 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.21|AUTODETECT|” Luke 11:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) would guard more than his courtyard; besides, his possessions would not be confined to that area.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 Verse 56) ��x� �x ��, in front of (or facing) the light; or, as we would say, in the light. ) ��, nom. s. fem. aor. participle of ��, to look intently, gaze.) Verse 59) Note gen. absolute: about an hour having intervened.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.28|AUTODETECT|” ��, gen. s. fem. 2nd aor. participle of ��, to intervene. A time interval is indicated. In 24:51 the interval is one of space; some interpret the interval in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.28|AUTODETECT|” Acts 27:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 as one of space, others as one of time.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 ��v ��; cf. Latin etenim, in fact, indeed!) Verse 60) Again a gen. absolute: he still speaking.) Verse 61) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.11|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. aor. indicat. of ��; cf. 20:17; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.11|AUTODETECT|” Acts 22:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.26|AUTODETECT|” ; also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.26|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.26|AUTODETECT|” 19:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.25|AUTODETECT|” Mark 8:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.21|AUTODETECT|” 10:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.67|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.67|AUTODETECT|” 14:67) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.36|AUTODETECT|” John 1:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.42|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.42|AUTODETECT|” 42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; to look straight at, fix one s gaze upon. See the note on 20:17 on page 898.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.26|AUTODETECT|” Q��, third per. s. aor. indicat. pass. of Q��, to remind, bring up; in pass., as here: to be reminded, to remember. The verb occurs also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.26|AUTODETECT|” John 14:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.14|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=64.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=64.1.10|AUTODETECT|” III John 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Jude 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . The related form �� (from ��) is found in 23:42.) 1 14 2 8 0 0 Verse 62) ��, third per. s. aor. indicat. of ��, to weep; same form as in 19:41, he burst into tears.) Verse 63) ��, third per. pl. imperf. act. of ��, to mock, scoff, make sport of. See the note on 14:29 on page 739.) ��, nom. pl. masc. pres. act. participle of ��, to beat, strike, flay. See the note on 12:47, 48 on page 688.) Verse 64) ��, nom. pl. masc. aor. participle of ��, lit. to put a veil around; hence, to cover, and (since the veil is put around the face) to blindfold.) ��, third per. pl. imperf. act. of ��, to question, demand.) ��, nom. s. masc. aor. participle of ��, to strike.) Verse 65) ��, masc. pl. pres. act. participle of ��, to insult, blaspheme. See the note on 12:10 on page 660. The word also occurs in 23:39.) ��, third per. pl. imperf. (iterative) of ��.) Verse 66) ��, third per. s. aor. indicat. pass. of ��, to bring together, gather; pass. (here), was gathered or simply assembled, met. See the note on 12:17, 18 on page 672.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.5|AUTODETECT|” ��, the council of elders. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.5|AUTODETECT|” Acts 22:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.14|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Cf. presbytery.) 1 14 2 8 0 0 ��, the Sanhedrin.) Verses 67, 68) �0�x� !��, tell us; sec. per. s. imperat., a late substitute for) �0��. Note how in these two verses a first class condition is followed by two third class (future more vivid) conditions.) �4��, first. per. s. subjunct. of �6��, which is used as a sec. aor. of ��.) ��, sec. per. pl. aor. subjunct. of ��; note strong negation (�P ��) you will certainly not believe.) ��, first per. sing. fut. indicat. or aor. subjunct. (same form) of ��, to question.) ��, sec. per. pl. aor. subjunct. pass. of ��, to answer.) Verse 69) �� & ��, third per. s. periphrastic fut. of ��, to sit, be seated.) Verse 70) Lit. You say that I am, meaning You are right. I am. ) Summary of Chapter 22) It is understandable that the popularity of Jesus, so that all the people would rise early to go to him in the temple and hear him (21:38), angered the leaders. So they were looking for a way to do away with him without creating a riot.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.15|AUTODETECT|” In this difficult situation they received unexpected help from a man who belonged to the inner circle of Christ s disciples. His name was Judas Iscariot, one of The Twelve. He agreed to deliver Jesus into their hands. The price? Thirty pieces of silver 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.15|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). This was paid (verses 1 6).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Since Passover was at hand, Jesus sent Peter and John to Jerusalem to secure a room and to make the necessary preparations. His predictions with respect to the experiences of the two in the city were fulfilled in every detail (verses 7 13).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.29|AUTODETECT|” At the Passover Jesus told his disciples, From now on I will not drink from the fruit of the vine with you until the kingdom of God has arrived. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . He shocked them by declaring, The hand of the traitor is with me on the table. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.21-43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” Judas having left 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.21-43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” John 13:21 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), Jesus instituted the Lord s Supper, to be observed ever after, in remembrance of him, that is, of his body, given for those who place their trust in him, and of his blood, poured out for them (verses 14 23).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|” Perhaps almost immediately after entering the upper room 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|” John 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 f.) the disciples had been arguing with each other about the question, Who is the greatest? In substance Jesus answered that the greatest is the one who is willing to be the servant of all. In this connection he declared, I am among you as one who serves. He promised that because of their loyalty to him his disciples would be richly rewarded in his Father s kingdom, where they would feast and reign in close association with their Lord (verses 24 30).) 1 4 2 8 0 0 He told Simon that he and his fellow disciples would be sifted as wheat ; that is, they would be terribly shaken up and tempted by Satan. All would be, but especially Simon. He, however, received the comforting assurance, I have prayed for you. And he was told, Once you have returned (to me), strengthen your brothers. When that disciple boasted, Lord, with you I am ready to go even to prison and to death, Jesus predicted, A rooster will not crow today before you deny three times that you know me (verses 31 34).) In answer to a question asked by Jesus, The Eleven assure him that when they had been sent out on their mission tour they had lacked nothing. Jesus told them that from now on they would be on their own, in the sense that he would no longer be physically with them, providing for them.

Let him who has no sword sell his coat and buy one, he said. The fact that one would not readily sell his all-purpose coat, cloak, or robe should have prevented them from interpreting this saying literally. When they nevertheless do so note Lord, look, here are two swords Jesus ends the discussion by saying, Enough of that! (verses 35 38).) On the Mount of Olives Jesus instructs his disciples to pray that they may not enter into temptation. At the distance of a stone s throw away from them he himself, being in agony, offered this prayer: Father, if thou art willing, remove this cup [probably the descent into the hell of Calvary] from me. However, in complete submission to the Father he added, Not my will but thine be done. ) While his sweat became like thick drops of blood trickling down upon the ground, an angel, sent from heaven, strengthened him. Returning to the disciples he found them asleep.

At the proper moment he told them, Get up and pray, that you may not enter into temptation (verses 39 46).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” The band, with Judas in the lead, now arrived. By means of a kiss Judas identified Jesus and thus delivered him into the hands of those who had come to capture him. The disciples asked Jesus, Shall we strike with a sword? Without even waiting for an answer one of the disciples it was Peter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” John 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) with his sword slashed at the servant of the highpriest, severing his right ear. Jesus said, No more of this! and healed the man. Then the Lord exposed the hypocrisy of his captors, who had never dared to lay hands on him when he had been daily with them in the temple (verses 47 53).) 1 8 2 8 0 0 Jesus was now led to the house or palace of the highpriest. While the authorities were busy with their captive, Peter, in three separate situations, denied that he even knew Jesus at all. All at once a rooster crowed, and at the same moment Jesus, who after his midnight trial was probably being led across the court to his cell, turned and looked at Peter. And Peter was reminded of the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, Before a rooster crows today, you will deny me three times. And he went outside and wept bitterly (verses 54 62).) Returning now to what happened to Jesus after he had been led into the highpriest s palace, Luke relates how the Savior had been mocked and physically abused by his captors (verses 63 65).) At a hastily gathered meeting, held very early in the day, Jesus was asked, So you are the Son of God? He replied, You are right; I am.

They said, What further need do we have of testimony? For we have heard it ourselves from his own mouth (verses 66 71).) ) ) ) ) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.27-40.27.31|AUTODETECT|” 553 22:63 71 can also be considered one section, indicating what happened in connection with The Trial Before the Sanhedrin. In reality that section is already introduced in verse 54. Though Luke describes a mockery of Jesus in verses 63 65, he omits a later mockery 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.27-40.27.31|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 27:27 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.16-41.15.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.16-41.15.20|AUTODETECT|” Mark 15:16 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.2|AUTODETECT|” John 19:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.62-40.27.66|AUTODETECT|” 554 On this question see also N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 534. The crucifixion on Thursday theory was revived by Roger Rusk, in the March 29, 1974 issue of Christianity Today, pp. 720 722. It was refuted by Harold W. Hoehner in the April 26, 1974 issue, pp. 878, 881. As Hoehner points out, if Jesus had died on Thursday instead of on Friday, Pilate would have secured the sepulcher until the fourth day, not the third 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.62-40.27.66|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 27:62 66) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). As to the computer which established the exact times of all the new and full moons from 1001 b.c. to a.d. 1651, and confirmed the fact that in the year a.d. 30 the fourteenth of Nisan occurred on Thursday, the fifteenth on Friday, though this information is interesting and helpful, yet as far as the date a.d. 30 is concerned it is not exactly new. See, for example, P. Schaff, History of the Christian Church, New York, 1916, Vol. I, p. 135.) 1 10 2 8 0 0 555 Note the plural �p ��, probably referring to the unleavened cakes of bread, and based on the Hebrew plural matzoth. Besides, it must be borne in mind that this was a feast lasting several days and including many festive activities. That fact too may account for the plural. See N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 792, 793.) 556 See also S.BK., Vol. IV, pp. 41 76.) 557 So, for example, Geldenhuys, op. cit., p. 552.) 558 Lenski, op. cit., p. 652; cf. Greijdanus, Korte Verklaring, p. 213.) 559 For the textual question with respect to verses 19b, 20 see the note on this passage on pp. 968, 969.) 560 Or: is going to betray.) 561 Or: is to be.) 562) See the following sources:) Mishnah Pesahim X. 2 10.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.0|AUTODETECT|” S.BK. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.0|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 40 2 8 0 0 A. Edersheim, The Temple, pp. 208 248 (especially pp. 238 246).) S. Greijdanus, Korte Verklaring, Vol. II, p. 218.) J. B. Segal, The Jewish Passover from the Earliest Times to a.d. 70, London, 1963.) 563 Form for The Lord s Supper, from the Liturgy of the Christian Reformed Church.

See Psalter Hymnal (Centennial Edition), Doctrinal Standards and Liturgy of the Christian Reformed Church, Grand Rapids, 1959, p. 94 of the Liturgical Forms.) 564 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 22:1 23 begin on page 966.) A.V. Authorized Version (King James)) S.BK. Strack and Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch) 565 Or: (to be).) 566 Or: outer garment, or robe.) 567 Or: It is enough.) 568 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 22:24 38 begin on page 978.) 569 Are verses 43 and 44 authentic? See the note on these verses on pages 990 991.) 570 Or: more intensely.) 571 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 22:39 53 begin on page 990.) BibZ Biblische Zeitschrift) Th.D.N.T. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, edited by G. Kittel and G.

Friedrich, and translated from the German by G. W. Bromiley) 572 For this conclusion see also A. Sizoo, Uit De Wereld van het Nieuwe Testament, Kampen, 1946, pp. 81, 82.) 573 G. Campbell Morgan, op. cit., p. 312.) 574 Or: and they led him away to, etc.) 575) To mention but a few of the many books and articles that can be consulted:) Amram, D. W., Leading Cases in the Bible, Philadelphia, 1905.) Baldensperger, G., Il a rendu t�moignage devant Ponce Pilate, RHPR, 2 (1922), pp. 1 25, 95 117.) Barton, G.

A., On the Trial of Jesus Before the Sanhedrin, JBL, 41 (1922), pp. 205 211.) Bentfort, J. A. D., Enige beknopte beschouwingen met betrekking tot de processen van de Here Jezus Christus en van de Apostel Paulus, GTT, 55 (1955), pp. 33 68.) Blinzler, J., Der Entschied des Pilatus Exekutionsbefehl oder Todesurteil? MTZ, 5 (1954), pp. 171 184.) & & , Der Prozess Jesu, Ratisbonne, 1960.) Cheever, H. M., The Legal Aspects of the Trial of Christ, BS, 60 (1903), pp. 495 509.) Cohen, B., Evidence in Jewish Law, Recueils de la Soci�t� J. Bodin 16 (1965).) Dalmann, G., Jesus-Jeshua, New York, 1929, especially p. 98.) Danby, H., The Bearing of the Rabbinical Criminal Code on the Jewish Trial Narratives in the Gospels, JTS, 21 (1920), pp. 51 76.) Derret, J.

D. M., An Oriental Lawyer Looks at the Trial of Jesus and the Doctrine of Redemption, London, 1966.) Easton, B. S., The Trial of Jesus, AJT, 19 (1915), pp. 430 452.) Goguel, M., A propos du proc�s de J�sus, ZNW, 31 (1929 30), pp. 289 301.) Hendriksen, W., Israel in Prophecy, Grand Rapids, 1972, especially pp. 10 15.) Jeremias, J., Zur Geschichtlichkeit des Verh�rs Jesu vor dem Hohen Rat, ZNW, 43 (1950 51), pp. 145 150.) Price, O. J., Jesus Arrest and Trial, BW, 36 (1919), pp. 345 353.) Tubbs, R. S., Local Attorney Eyes Legal Maneuvering Which Led to Death of Jesus, article in The Grand Rapids Press, April 6, 1963.) Winter, P., Marginal Notes on the Trial of Jesus, ZNW, 50 (1959), pp. 14 33, 221 251.) 576 See M. Wolff, De samenstelling en het karaktervan het grote synedrion te Jeruzalem voor het jaar 70 na Christus, TT 51 (1917), pp. 299 320.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.2.7|AUTODETECT|” 577 See the Midrash on Psalms 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.18.0|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.18.0|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 578 See A. M. Goldberg, Sitzend zur Rechten der Kraft. Zur Gottesbezechnung Gebura in der fr�hen rabbinischen Literatur, BibZ 8 (1964), pp. 284 293.) 579 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 22:54 71 begin on page 1000.) )

New Testament Commentary (Baker)

William Hendriksen (1900–1982) was a Dutch-American Reformed theologian and professor at Calvin Theological Seminary. His New Testament Commentary series, later completed by Simon J. Kistemaker, covers the entire New Testament and is one of the most highly regarded Reformed commentary sets of the …

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New Testament

MAT MRK LUK JHN ACT ROM 1CO 2CO GAL EPH PHP COL 1TH 2TH 1TI 2TI TIT PHM HEB JAS 1PE 2PE 1JN 2JN 3JN JUD REV

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