Luke 22:39–71 – The Passion Week (6) — Arrested « Leader information shown in this fashion »
A. Going to the Mount of Olives, Luke 22:39 Coming out, He went to the Mount of Olives, as He was accustomed, and His disciples also followed Him.
1. Matthew (26:30, 36) and Mark (14:26, 32) are likewise brief, and they add that the particular place to which Jesus came was the garden of Gethsemane (”Oil-pressing”); Matthew 26:36 (NKJV): Then Jesus came with them to a place called Gethsemane, and said to the disciples, “Sit here while I go and pray over there.”
2. John covers in detail this brief summation in the first 3 gospels
a. the final words in the upper room, John 14, which end with Christ saying, “Arise, let us go hence”
b. then the words, probably on the road to Olivet, John 15–16,
c. and, finally, Christ’s high priestly prayer in John 17, spoken as they drew near to the garden of Gethsemane
d. concluded by the words parallel to the other Gospels, with John 18:1 (NKJV): When Jesus had spoken these words, He went out with His disciples over the Brook Kidron, where there was a garden, which He and His disciples entered.
B. Agony — Luke 22:40–46 (NKJV; parallels, Matthew 26:37–46, Mark 33–42): 40 When He came to the place, He said to them, “Pray that you may not enter into temptation.” 41 And He was withdrawn from them about a stone’s throw, and He knelt down and prayed, 42 saying, “Father, if it is Your will, take this cup away from Me; nevertheless not My will, but Yours, be done.” 43 Then an angel appeared to Him from heaven, strengthening Him. 44 And being in agony, He prayed more earnestly. Then His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground. 45 When He rose up from prayer, and had come to His disciples, He found them sleeping from sorrow. 46 Then He said to them, “Why do you sleep? Rise and pray, lest you enter into temptation.”
1. Matthew (Mark similar) introduces this with 26:37–38 (NKJV): 37 And He took with Him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and He began to be sorrowful and deeply distressed. 38 Then He said to them, “My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death. Stay here and watch with Me.”
a. who are the two sons of Zebedee (they were also sons of thunder!)? « — James and John »
b. Jesus is probably quoting from Psalm 42 and 43 (which may have originally been one Psalm in the Hebrew scriptures)
(A) in what words in those Psalm could Jesus have been taking comfort? « — 42:5–6, 11, 43:5 »
2. only Luke tells us about
a. the agony of the Lord Jesus in prayer « (only here, only Jesus) »
b. the angel coming to strengthen Jesus
c. Jesus’ being so intensely in prayer that His sweat ran down like drops of blood
d. if, as seems the case, Luke was a doctor, why would these details be important to him?
(A) the Father knew « the impact on Jesus, the Son of God, becoming the Sin-Bearer and sent the angel »
(B) the true « humanity of the Christ and the physical effect of His supplication to the Father »
3. to what does the cup have reference (eg., see Isaiah 51:17) « — the wrath of God in judgment (2 Corinthians 5:21, Mark 14:34) »
4. what repeated warning is given to the disciples? « — pray to be protected from temptation »
a. why (see Matthew 26:41 or Mark 14:38)? « — the impact of our physical weakness on our spiritual desires (Psalm 103:14, Romans 7:18–23) »
b. what do we learn respectively of Jesus? … of the disciples? … in these verses.
5. Matthew and Mark tells us that
a. in praying, Jesus “fell to the ground” or “fell on His face” (the normal Jewish posture for prayer was standing) — what would this indicate? « — all of Jesus’ strength was involved in His carrying on this prayer »
b. Jesus’ prayer was repeated three times, with Jesus returning each time to find the disciples sleeping
c. that the prayer meeting concluded with Jesus words (Mark 14:41–42, NKJV): 41 Then He came the third time and said to them, “Are you still sleeping and resting? It is enough! The hour has come; behold, the Son of Man is being betrayed into the hands of sinners. 42 Rise, let us be going. See, My betrayer is at hand.”
C. Betrayal — Luke 22:47–53 (NKJV; parallels, Matthew 26:47–56, Mark 14:43–53, John 18:2–12): 47 And while He was still speaking, behold, a multitude; and he who was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them and drew near to Jesus to kiss Him. 48 But Jesus said to him, “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?” 49 When those around Him saw what was going to happen, they said to Him, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?” 50 And one of them struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his right ear. 51 But Jesus answered and said, “Permit even this.” And He touched his ear and healed him. 52 Then Jesus said to the chief priests, captains of the temple, and the elders who had come to Him, “Have you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs? 53 When I was with you daily in the temple, you did not try to seize Me. But this is your hour, and the power of darkness.”
1. who struck the servant’s ear (John 18:10)? « — Peter »
2. “permit even this” — ie., “no sword-fight, let them have their way”
3. David probably wrote Psalm 41:9 describing Ahithophel but how does Jesus apply it in John 13:18? … how is that emphasized here? « — Jesus applies it to the betrayer; the very betrayal is committed by a token of friendship … a kiss (Mt/Mk Gk “kissed Him much”) »
4. in the midst of treachery, what do you learn of Jesus?
a. to Judas: « a gentle, sad rebuke; another chance to repent; Mark and Matthew tell us Judas called Jesus “Rabbi” and Jesus addresses Judas as “friend” in Matthew »
b. to disciples (see Matthew 26:52–54): « no swords! Jesus is in full control and fulfilling the plan of the ages (also see John 18:11) »
c. to the Malchus the bond-servant: « healing care »
d. to the rulers: « a judicial assessment of actions and character as well as the insight as to their root cause »
5. we are told that at this time all of his disciples fled
D. Mistrial — Luke 22:54, 66–70 (NKJV; parallels, see below): 54 Having arrested Him, they led Him and brought Him into the high priest’s house. But Peter followed at a distance. …… 66 As soon as it was day, the elders of the people, both chief priests and scribes, came together and led Him into their council, saying, 67 “If You are the Christ, tell us.” But He said to them, “If I tell you, you will by no means believe. 68 And if I also ask you, you will by no means answer Me or let Me go. 69 Hereafter the Son of Man will sit on the right hand of the power of God.” 70 Then they all said, “Are You then the Son of God?” So He said to them, “You rightly say that I am.” 71 And they said, “What further testimony do we need? For we have heard it ourselves from His own mouth.”
1. brought first to Annas, the former high priest, John 18:12-14, 19–23
2. brought to Caiaphas, the son-in-law of Annas, and the current high priest where he was examined
a. first by the chief priests and council (the Sanhedrin) Matthew 16:59–61, Mark 55–59)
b. then by Caiaphas (Matthew 16:62–66, Mark 14:60–64), before whom were brought various false witnesses whose evidence was insufficient; it was only when Jesus answered the question, Matthew 26:63–64 (NKJV): 63 … And the high priest answered and said to Him, “I put You under oath by the living God: Tell us if You are the Christ, the Son of God!” 64 Jesus said to him, “It is as you said. Nevertheless, I say to you, hereafter you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power, and coming on the clouds of heaven.” that …
c. Caiaphas pronounced his judgment, “Look, now you have heard His B « lasphemy » ____________! What do you think?”
d. the rest of the rulers pronounced his sentence, “He is deserving of D « eath » __________”
3. note the equivalence in meaning of the Son of M « an » _____ and the Son of G « od » _____ (see Psalm 110:1, Daniel 7:13)
4. this was followed by the formal trial at dawn which Luke records in 22:66-70 as cited above, which is referenced in Matthew 27:1 and Mark 15:1 which centres on the one claim by Jesus that they could grasp: His claim of equality with God
a. what did Jesus say concerning their trial
(A) they would « not listen objectively to His testimony »
(B) if He were « to ask them questions (refuting the testimony of their witnesses) they would not change their purpose »
5. Jesus trial was in two parts: the religious trial by the Jewish rulers which is outlined above, and the civil trial by the Roman rulers which is yet to come. These are worthy of detailed study from a legal perspective, which is something for you to pursue, but which we can summarize
a. Jesus’ trials reveals man’s I « njustice » __________ and is evidence of his U « nrighteousness » ________________ (or sinfulness)
b. but it is also the triumph of God’s J « ustice » __________ through which He R « edeemed » ______________ man from his sin
6. lest us return to two other events occurring earlier that night
E. Abuse — Luke 22:63–65 (NKJV; parallels Matthew 26:27–28, Mark 14:65): 63 Now the men who held Jesus mocked Him and beat Him. 64 And having blindfolded Him, they struck Him on the face and asked Him, saying, “Prophesy! Who is the one who struck You?” 65 And many other things they blasphemously spoke against Him.
1. this was probably a combination of the palace guard and of some conscripted Roman soldiers
2. how did they view Jesus? « — merely as someone who could be the brunt of their rough humour »
F. Denial — Luke 22:55–62 (NKJV; parallels, Matthew 26:58, 69–75; Mark 14:54, 66-72; John 18:15–18, 25–27): 55 Now when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the courtyard and sat down together, Peter sat among them. 56 And a certain servant girl, seeing him as he sat by the fire, looked intently at him and said, “This man was also with Him.” 57 But he denied Him, saying, “Woman, I do not know Him.” 58 And after a little while another saw him and said, “You also are of them.” But Peter said, “Man, I am not!” 59 Then after about an hour had passed, another confidently affirmed, saying, “Surely this fellow also was with Him, for he is a Galilean.” 60 But Peter said, “Man, I do not know what you are saying!” Immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed. 61 And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how He had said to him, “Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” 62 So Peter went out and wept bitterly.
1. each gospel writer records different details, with differing links to the surrounding events; but there are clearly three denials which are spaced out over the period of Jesus’ “trial”
2. contrast Peter in the garden with Peter in the courtyard « — there he would fight, here a slave girl frightens him »
3. of what would Jesus’ look remind Peter? « — Luke 22:33–34 »