Acts 2:14–36 — Peter’s Message — (outline by F. F. Bruce, NICNT) — « Leader information shown in this fashion »
[A]. The Birth of the Church (1:1–5:42)
[1]. The Forty Days and After (1:1–26)
[2]. The Day of Pentecost (2:1–47)
A. The Descent of the Spirit (2:1–4)
B. The Crowd’s Amazement (2:5–13)
C. Peter’s Proclamation (2:14–36)
1. Introduction and Explanation “This is that” — Acts 2:14–21 (NKJV): 14 But Peter, standing up with the eleven, raised his voice and said to them, “Men of Judea and all who dwell in Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and heed my words. 15 For these are not drunk, as you suppose, since it is only the third hour of the day. 16 But this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel {2:28–32a): 17 ‘And it shall come to pass in the last days, says God, That I will pour out of My Spirit on all flesh; Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, Your young men shall see visions, Your old men shall dream dreams. 18 And on My menservants and on My maidservants I will pour out My Spirit in those days; And they shall prophesy. 19 I will show wonders in heaven above And signs in the earth beneath: Blood and fire and vapour of smoke. 20 The sun shall be turned into darkness, And the moon into blood, Before the coming of the great and awesome day of the Lord. 21 And it shall come to pass That whoever calls on the name of the Lord Shall be saved.’”
a. 2:14–15: Denial of their charge
(A) what physical endowment(s) did Peter appear to have? « — a loud voice (toughened by years as a fisherman) that could gain attention over the noise of the crowd and the tongues being spoken by the others; maybe also he was taller. The word “said” denotes a solemn utterance as of a prophet, and as in verse 4, inspired though it seems not in tongues as verse 40 indicates this section of the sermon was more or less reported verbatim as opposed to being a digest or précis. »
(B) the third hour of the day is: « 9:00 a.m.; there is a humour in this response which would refute the charge both if it were a jest; if not, humour can turn aside rebuffs to advantage »
(C) morning prayer was from dawn until the fourth hour, with no refreshment until it was over; thus Peter denies both
(1) that « these 120 were drunk »
(2) that « these 120 were irreligious men »
b. 2:16–21: This fulfills Joel’s prophecy
(A) context to this quotation is found in Joel 2:12-14a where there is a call to repentance; Peter later brings in that theme. «
(B) What does “last days” mean? Different interpretations exist. This is mine. God’s purpose for the old economy (Greek: oikonomia; provision, arrangement, dispensation … note that this word differs from “covenant”) was fulfilled when the true Israel, the Christ, died on the cross. Accompanying this were the portents listed. (Note: some point to the lunar eclipse Friday, April 3, 33 as turning the moon to blood, but spring equinox seeming to follow the previous new moon makes that problematical.) With the descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost and the birth of the church the new economy of God began. But Revelation (see 6:12) predicts the same signs at Christ’s coming to judge. Joel’s prophecy covers, it is clear, the entire church age. Read 1 Peter 1:10-11, 20. Thus, the last days began with Christ’s appearance on earth, we live in them, His return will consummate them. »
(C) what is one message that is uniformly applicable throughout this age? « — the Gospel invitation to call on the name of the Lord which will save or deliver; this brings salvation; how does this fulfill Moses desire (Numbers 11:29; verse 32) »
(D) who is the Lord whose name does this (Acts 4:10–12)? « — Jesus, the Messiah, of Nazareth (Joel says “Yahweh”!) »
2. The Resurrection of Jesus proclaimed — Acts 2:22–28 (NKJV): 22 “Men of Israel, hear these words: Jesus of Nazareth, a Man attested by God to you by miracles, wonders, and signs which God did through Him in your midst, as you yourselves also know — 23 Him, being delivered by the determined purpose and foreknowledge of God, you have taken by lawless hands, have crucified, and put to death; 24 whom God raised up, having loosed the pains of death, because it was not possible that He should be held by it. 25 For David says concerning Him: ‘I foresaw the Lord always before my face, For He is at my right hand, that I may not be shaken. 26 Therefore my heart rejoiced, and my tongue was glad; Moreover my flesh also will rest in hope. 27 For You will not leave my soul in Hades, Nor will You allow Your Holy One to see corruption. 28 You have made known to me the ways of life; You will make me full of joy in Your presence.’
c. 2:22-24: Jesus’ ministry, death, resurrection:
(A) How was Jesus accredited by God?
(1) in ministry? « — the works, as listed, God did through Him. »
(a) What kind of evidence did this comprise? « — it was inarguable as the audience themselves could vouch its truth; amongst them were eye-witnesses; Lk 7:16 »
(2) in death? « — though apparently an act of lawless men, it was completely part of God’s plan and purpose »
(3) in after-death? « — God raised Him from the dead; the verdict of a higher court overturns the “kangaroo” court »
(B) from a moral standpoint, why was it not possible that death should hold Jesus the Christ? « — He was both man and God; the Scriptures had to be fulfilled; it completed the act of our justification; that He might be the first fruits from the dead; that He might be exalted to His rightful place in heaven »
d. 2:25–28: David foretells resurrection (Psalm 16:7–11)
(A) what key assurances did David possess?
(1) « he would not be shaken »
(2) « he would not be left in the grave (Sheol) »
(3) « he would not see corruption »
(B) how did he react to such assurances
(1) « a rejoicing heart »
(2) « a glad (praising) tongue »
(3) « a hope in this physical life
(C) of Psalm 16:9 (NKJV): “Therefore my heart is glad, and my glory rejoices; My flesh also will rest in hope.” the much later Midrash Tehillim comments, “my glory rejoices over the Lord Messiah, who will rise from me.” a demonstration that this Psalm was accepted by the Jews as Messianic in character. »
3. Jesus: Lord and Messiah — Acts 2:29–36 (NKJV): 29 “Men and brethren, let me speak freely to you of the patriarch David, that he is both dead and buried, and his tomb is with us to this day. 30 Therefore, being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that of the fruit of his body, according to the flesh, He would raise up the Christ to sit on his throne, 31 he, foreseeing this, spoke concerning the resurrection of the Christ, that His soul was not left in Hades, nor did His flesh see corruption. 32 This Jesus God has raised up, of which we are all witnesses. 33 Therefore being exalted to {or: “by” see Psalm 118:15–17} the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, He poured out this which you now see and hear. 34 For David did not ascend into the heavens, but he says himself: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand, 35 Till I make Your enemies Your footstool.”’ 36 Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly that God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ.”
e. 2:29–31: David foretold resurrection of Messiah, not himself — what proofs does Peter use that this is the case?
(A) « David is dead & buried »
(B) « his tomb is there to be seen, near pool of Siloam; also see Nehemiah 3:16; John Hyrcanus desecrated it; Herod tried to do the same, but later built marble monument in its front »
(C) « David is a prophet »
(D) « David had God’s oath that Messiah would be of his seed, Read Psalm 132:11 — that Jesus was David’s descendant was so widely recognized it is merely stated by Paul, Rom 1:3 »
(E) so his words were by foresight about Messiah, not himself
f. 2:32: Witnesses to Jesus the Messiah’s resurrection. — who comprised the witnesses to whom Peter refers? « — it is the group who have just been speaking in other languages (120 assuming that this is the same group who have been continually meeting) »
g. 2:33–35: Further proof of the Resurrection (Psalm 110:1) — what further proofs does Peter use?
(A) Christ has been « — exalted to the right hand of God, even as Jesus stated in Luke 22:69 »
(B) which is shown by « — the fact that the Holy Spirit has come »
(C) and prophesied « — that Jehovah would have David’s Lord (who the Jews understood as, and Jesus confirmed, being a prophecy about Messiah … e.g., see Matthew 22:41–46) »
h. 2:36: Application of the Sermon
(A) who is this message for? « — the phrase, “the whole house of Israel” echoes Ezekiel 37:11 and refers not just those present but all those in Judea and beyond, at that time and forever … this sermon is the fundamental message to the Jews »
(B) what is the application? « — God’s contrasting reception of Jesus as the very Messiah for which the whole house of Israel had long awaited and had now rejected should bring upon them the overwhelming burden of their sin; to this Jesus, then, we fully give the name “Lord,” reserved only for Yahweh »