οὖν ἃ conj. indicating that something follows from another necessarily; [al. regard the primary force of the particle as confirmatory or continuative, rather than illative; cf. Passow, or L.andS.s. v.; Kiihner § 508, 1 ii. p- 707 sqq.; Biiumlein p. 173 sqq.; Kriiger § 69, 52; Donaldson p. 571; Rost in a program “ Ueber Ableitung ” u.s.w. p.2; Klotz p. 717; Hartung ii. 4]. Hence it is used in drawing a conclusion and in connecting sentences together logically, then, therefore, accordingly, consequently, these things being so, [ (Klotz, Rost, al., have wished to derive the word fr. the neut. ptep. ὄν (cf. ὄντως) ; but see Baumlein or Kiihner u.s.); ef. W. § 53, 8]: Mt. iii. 10; x. 32 (since persecutions are not to be dreaded, and consequently furnish no excuse for denying me [οἵ. W. 455 (424)]); Mt. xviii. 4; Lk. iii.9; xvi. 27; In. viii. 38 (καὶ ὑμεῖς οὖν, and ye accordingly, i. e. ‘since, as is plain from my case, sons follow the example of their fathers’; Jesus says this in sorrowful irony [W. 455 (424)]); Acts i. 21 (since the office of the traitor Judas must be conferred on another); Ro. v. 9; vi. 4; xiii. 10; 1 Co. iv. 16 (since I hold a father’s place among you) ; 2 Co. v. 20; Jas. iv. 17, and many other exx. As respects details, notice that it stands a. inexhortations (to show what ought now to be done by reason of what has been said), i. q. wherefore, [our transitional therefore]: Mt. iii. 8; v. 48; ix. 38; Lk. xi. 35; xxi. 14, 36 [Β α Lmrg. Trmrg.]; Acts iii. 19; xiii.40; Ro. vi. 12; xiv. 13; 1 Co. xvi. 11 ; 2 Co. viii. 24; Eph. v. 1; vi. 14; Phil. ii. 29; Col. ii. 16; 2 Tim. i. 8; Heb. iv. 1, 11; x. ΓΑΕ. OUKETL 35; Jas. iv. 7; v. 7; 1 Pet.iv.7; v.6; Rev. i.19 [GL T Tr WH]; iii. 3, 19, and often ; viv οὖν, now therefore, Acts xvi. 36. b. in questions, then, therefore, (Lat. igitur) ; a. when the question is, what follows or seems to follow from what has been said: Mt. xxii. 28; xxvii. 22 [W. 455 (424)]; Mk. xv. 12; Lk. iii. 10; xx. 15, 33; Jn. vill. 5; τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν ; Ro. vi. 1; vii. 7; ix. 14; τί οὖν φημί; 1 Co. x. 19; τί οὖν; what then? 1. 6. how then does the matter stand? [οἷ. W. § 64, 2a.], Jn. i. 21 [here WH mrg. punct. τί οὖν σύ ;] Ro. iii. 9; vi. 15; xi. 7; also τί οὖν ἐστίν; [what is it then?] Acts xxi. 22; 1 Co. xiv. 15, 26. B. when it is asked, whether this or that follows from what has just been said: Mt. xiii. 28; Lk. xxii. 70; Jn. xviii. 39; Ro. iii. 31; Gal. iii. 21. y- when it is asked, how something which is true or regarded as true, or what some one does, can be reconciled with what has been previously said or done: Mt. xii. 26; ΧΙ. 27; xvii. 10 (where the thought is, ‘ thou commandest us to tell no one about this vision we have had of Elijah; what relation then to this vision has the doctrine of the scribes concerning the coming of Elijah? Is not this doctrine confirmed by the vision ?’) ; Mt. xix. 7; xxvi. 54; Lk. xx. 17; Jn. iv. 11 [Tdf. om. οὖν] ; Acts xv. 10 (viv οὖν, now therefore, i.e. at this time, therefore, when God makes known his will so plainly); Acts xix. 3; Ro. iv. 1 (where the meaning is, ‘ If everything depends on faith, what shall we say that Abraham gained by outward things, i.e. by works?’ [but note the crit. texts]); 1 Co. vi. 15; Gal. iii. 5. δ. in general, it serves simply to subjoin questions suggested by what has just been said: Ro. iii. 27; iv. 9sq.; vi. 21; xi. 11; 1 Co. iii. 5, ete. c. in epanalepsis, i. 6. it serves to resume a thought or narrative interrupted by intervening matter (Matthiae ii. p. 1497; [W. 444 (414)]), like Lat. igitur, inquam, our as was said, say I, to proceed, ete.: Mk. iii. 31 [Β G] (ef. 21); Lk. iii. 7 (cf. 3) ; Jn. iv. 45 (cf. 43); vi. 24 (ef. 22); 1 Co. viii. 4; xi. 20 (cf. 18); add, Mk. xvi. 19 [Tr mrg. br. οὖν]; Acts viii. 25; xii. 5; xiii. 4; xv. 3, 30; xxiii. 31; xxv. 1; xxviii. 5. Τὸ is used also when one passes at length to a subject about which he had previously intimated an intention to speak: Acts xxvi. 4, 9. d. it serves to gather up summarily what has already been said, or even what cannot be narrated at length: Mt. i.17; vii. 24 (where no reference is made to what has just before been said [?], but all the moral precepts of the Serm. on the Mount are summed up in a single rule common to all); Lk. iii. 18; Jn. xx. 30; Acts xxvi. 22. e. it serves to adapt examples and comparisons to the case in hand: Jn. iii. 29; xvi. 22;—or to add examples to illustrate the subject under consideration: Ro. xii. 20 Ree. fin historical discourse it serves to make the transition from one thing to another, and to connect the several parts and portions of the narrative, since the new uccurrences spring from or are occasioned by what precedes [ef. W. § 60, 3]: Lk. vi. 9 RG; numberless times so in John, as i. 22 [Lehm. om.]; ii. 18; iv. 9 [Tdf. om.]; vi. 60, 67; vii. 6 [ἃ T om. ], 25, 28, 33, 35, 40; viii. 13,19, 22, 25, » oUuTT@ 31,57; ix. 784. 10,16; xi. 12, 16, 21, 32,36; xii. 1-4; xiii. 12; xvi. 17, 22; xviii. 7,11sq. 16, 27-29; xix. 20-24, 32, 38, 40; xxi. 5-7, ete. g. with other conjunctions: dpa οὖν, so then, Lat. hinc igitur,in Paul; see dpa, 5. εἰ οὖν, if then (where what has just been said and proved is carried over to prove something else), see εἰ, III. 12; [εἰ μὲν οὖν, see μέν, 11. 4 p. 398”). εἴτε οὖν... εἴτε, whether then... or: 1 Co. x. 31; xv. 11. ἐπεὶ οὖν, since then: Heb. ii. 14; iv. 6; for which also a participle is put with οὖν, as Acts ii. 30; xv. 2[T Tr WH δέ]; xvii. 29; xix. 36; xxv. 17; xxvi. 22; Ro. v. 1; xv. 28; 2 Co. iii. 12; v. 11; vii. 1; Heb. iv. 14; x.19; 1 Pet. iv.1; 2 Pet. iii.11 [WH Tr mrg. οὕτως]. ἐὰν οὖν, if then ever, in case then, or rather, therefore if, therefore in case, (for in this formula, οὖν, although placed in the protasis, yet belongs more to the apodosis, since it shows what will necessarily follow from what precedes if the condition introduced by ἐάν shall ever take place): Mt. v. 23 [ef. W. 455 (424)]; vi. 22 {here Tdf. om. οὖν] ; xxiv. 26; Lk. iv. 7; Jn. vi. 62; viii. 36; Ro. ii. 26; 1 Co. xiv. 11, 23; 2 Tim. ii. 21; ἐὰν οὖν un, Rey. iii. 3; so also ὅταν οὖν, when therefore: Mt. vi. 2; xxi. 40; xxiv. 15, and R Gin Lk. xi. 34. ὅτε οὖν, when (or after) therefore, so when: Jn. xiii. 12, 31 [(80) Rec.be

οὖν oun 499x

then, now then, Mt. 13:18; Jn. 19:29; then, thereupon, Lk. 15:28; Jn. 6:14; therefore, consequently, Mt. 5:48: Mk. 10:9; it also serves to mark the resumption of discourse after an interruption by a parenthesis, 1 Cor. 8:4. Sometimes it is not translated.

οὖν, particle expressing consequence or simple sequence (never standing first in a sentence), wherefore, therefore, then: Mt 3:10, Lk 3:9, Jo 8:38, Ac 1:21, Ro 5:9, al.; in exhortations, Mt 3:8, Lk 11:35, Ac 3:19, Ro 6:12, al.; in questions, Mt 13:28, Mk 15:12, Jo 8:[5], Ro 6:1, al.; continuing a narrative or resuming it after a digression, Mt 1:17, Lk 3:18, Jo 1:22 2:18 (and very freq. in this Gospel), Ac 26:22, al.; ἄρα οὖν (v.s. ἄρα); ἐπεὶ οὖν, He 2:14; οὖν c. ptcp. (= ἐπεὶ οὖν), Ac 2:30, Ro 5:1, al.; ἐὰν οὖν (where οὖν rather in sense belongs to the apodosis), Mt 5:23, Lk 4:7, Jo 6:62, Ro 2:26, al.; ὡς οὖν, Jo 4:1, al.

οὖν. This common particle, which occurs in the NT nearly 500 times, is used in our sources in a variety of connexions, the exact shade of meaning being determined by the context. (1) For the causal meaning ‘‘therefore” we may cite BGU II. 423" (ii/aA.p.) (= Sevectzons, p. 91) Kal καλῶς pol ἐστιν. ἐρωτῶ ce οὖν, κύριέ pou πατήρ, γράψον μοι ἐπιστόλιον πρῶτον μὲν περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας σου... , “it is well with me. I beg you, therefore, my lord father, write me a letter, first regarding your health ... ,” and P Oxy XIV. 16651 (iii/A.D.), where a son in urgent need of oil writes to his father—dvayxalws οὖν, ἐὰν ἔτι παρὰ σεαυτῷ χρ[ἴ]ον ἔχῃς, δήλωσον ἢ τῷ vie σου ἢ ᾧ ἐὰν σὺ βούλῃ τούτους μοι ἐν τάχει παρα[σ]χεῖν, ‘perforce, therefore, if you have still with you any unguent, instruct your son or any one else you wish to supply me with them speedily ” (Edd.). (2) Οὖν is very common in a looser temporal sense, resuming or continuing a narrative, as in P Oxy X. 12937 (A.D. 117-38) κόμισαι παρὰ Dapatos Μάρκου ἐλαίου ἀφροδί(ισιακοῦ) καλοῦ μετρητὰς τέσσαρας ἥμισυ κομισαμένη οὖν δήλωσόν μοι, “receive from Saras son of Marcus four and a half metretae of fine aphrodisiac oil ; and having done so let me know” (Edd.). For the combination μὲν οὖν in the same connexion (as in Ac 1618, 241, a/.), cf. P Oxy II. 281° (complaint against a husband—a.p. 20-50) συνεβίωσα Σαραπίωνι. . . ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν ἐπιδεξαμένη αὐτὸν εἰς τὰ τῶν γονέων μου οἰκητήρια λειτὸν παντελῶς ὄντα, ἀνέγκλητον ἐματὴν ἐν ἁπᾶσει παρειχόμην, “1 married Sarapion ... as he was destitute of means I received him into my parents’ house, and I for my part conducted myself blamelessly in all respects” (Edd.), 26. 282° (complaint against a wife—a.D. 30-35) συνεβίω[σα] Δημ[η]τροῦτι Ἡρακλείδου, καῇ ἐϊγὼ μὲν οὖν ἐπεχορήγησα αὐτῇ τὰ ἑξῆς καὶ ὑπὲρ δύναμιν, “I married Demetrous, daughter of Heraclides, and I for my part provided for my wife in a manner that exceeded my resources” (Edd.). (3) Oty is also used with an intensive force in exhortations, etc.—P Lond 284 (c. B.c. 162) (=I. p. 43) καλῶς οὖν ποισῇς φροτίσαι (/. φροντίσαι) μοι σιτάριον, ““please be sure to look after the grain for me,” P Tebt I. 337 (B.C. 112) (= Selections, p. 30) φρόν]τισον οὖν ἵνα ” OUT@ γένηίται) ἀκολούθως, ‘take care that action is taken in accordance with it (a letter), P Ryl 11. 229! (a.p. 38) παρεδεξάμην σοι πάντα. παρακάλεσον οὖν τὴν γυναῖκά σου τοῖς ἐμοῖς λόγοις ἵνα ἐπιμελῆται τῶν χοιριδίων, ‘1 have given you every allowance. Urge your wife from me to look after the pigs” (Edd.), BGU I. 375 (Δ... 50) ὅρα οὖν μὴ αὐτὸν κατάσχῃς, “566 then that you do not detain him,” and P Oxy I. 115! (letter of consolation—ii/a.D.) (= Selections, p. 96) ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως οὐδὲν δύναταί τις πρὸς τὰ παρηγορεῖτε οὖν ἑαυτούς, “but still there is nothing one can do in the face of such trouble. So I leave you to comfort yourselves” (Edd). In drawing attention to this usage, Mantey (#x/. VIII. xxii. p. 210f.) thinks that this emphatic sense might be given to οὖν in about 65 places in the NT, e.g. Mt 3°10 εὐ By all means produce . . Every tree, vest assured

οὖν (oun) — therefore/then. οὖν, Ionic dialect and Doric dialect ὦν (the latter in [Refs 8th c.BC+], adverb certainly, in fact, confirming something, frequently in contrast with something which is not confirmed, in [Refs 8th c.BC+] only in combination with γε (see. γοῦν), γάρ, οὔτε or μήτε, ὡς, ἐπεί, μέν, etc.:

1. really, φημὶ γὰρ οὖν κατανεῦσαι.. Κρονίωνα for I declare that Zeus did really promise.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τόφρα γὰρ οὖν ἑπόμεσθα.., ὄφρ᾽ for we followed them up to the very point, where.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐλέχθησαν λόγοι ἄπιστοι μὲν ἐνίοισι Ἑλλήνων, ἐλέχθησαν δ᾽ ὦν but they really were spoken, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Θηβαῖοι μὲν ταῦτα λέγουσι.., Πλαταιῆς δ᾽ οὐχ ὁμολογοῦσι.., ἐκ δ᾽ οὖν τῆς γῆς ἀνεχώρησαν at all events they did return, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so δ᾽ οὖν after a parenthesis; εἰ δή τις ὑμῶν οὕτως ἔχει,—οὐκ ἀξιῶ μὲν γὰρ ἔγωγε,—εἰ δ᾽ οὖν but if he is so, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so ἀλλ᾽ οὖν.. γε but at all events, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔμπης οὖν ἐπιμεῖναι ἐς αὔριον to stay nevertheless at least till to-morrow, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὖν concessive, I grant you, τάχ᾽ οὖν τις ἄκων ἔσχε [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Τληπόλεμος δ᾽, ἐπεὶ οὖν τράφ᾽ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ, αὐτίκα.. κατέκτα when once, i.e. as soon as, he had grown up, [Refs]; νεβροί, αἵ τ᾽ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔκαμον.. ἑστᾶσ᾽ which, as soon as they are tired, stand still, [Refs]; to indicate that something foreshadowed has actually occurred, ἀγορήνδε καλέσσατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς.., οἱ δ᾽ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὸν δ᾽ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε [Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὔτ᾽ οὖν.., οὔτε.. or οὔτε.., οὔτ᾽ οὖν.. both = neither.. nor, but preferred according as the first or second clause is to be marked by emphasis,[Refs 8th c.BC+]; so εἰ.., εἴτ᾽ οὖν.. if.., or if.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἴτ᾽ οὖν, εἴτε μὴ γενήσεται whether it shall be so, or no, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ξεῖνος αἴτ᾽ ὦν ἀστός, i.e. αἴτε ξ. αἴτ᾽ ὦν ἀ., [Refs 5th c.BC+] even as, just as, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰ δ᾽ ἔστιν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔστι, θεός if he is, as he in fact is, a god, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; for μὲν οὖν, see at {μέν} [Refs 5th c.BC+]

2. added to indefinite Prons. and adverbs, like Latin cunque, ὅστις whoever, ὁστισοῦν whosoever; ὅπως how, ὁπωσοῦν howsoever; ἄλλος ὁστισοῦν another, be he who he may; so ὁποιοσοῦν, ὁποιοστισοῦν, ὁποσοσοῦν, ὁπωσδηποτοῦν, ὁπητιοῦν, ὁποθενοῦν, etc., (see entry).

II. to continue a narrative, so, then, καὶ τὰ μὲν οὖν.. θῆκαν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὅτ᾽ οὖν since, then,.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ζεῖ οὖν ἐν τούτῳ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+] is very common in this sense; so δ᾽ οὖν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὖν is also used alone merely to resume after a parenthesis or long protasis, well, as I was saying, ὦ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, χρήσαντος τοῦ θεοῦ.., ὑμεας γὰρ πυνθάνομαι προεστάναι..,—ὑμέας ὦν.. προσκαλέομαι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.2. ὦν is frequently inserted by [Refs 5th c.BC+]participle, οἱ δὲ φέροντες ἐς τὴν ἀγορήν, ἀπ᾽ ὦν ἔδοντο[Refs]; so in [Refs 5th c.BC+]: this tmesis is rare in Attic dialect, ὥστε γε καὐτόν σε κατ᾽ οὖν ἔβαλεν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but occurs in later writers, Dorieus cited in [Refs 3rd c.BC+]

III. in inferences, then, therefore, not in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; in a statement, [Refs]; very common from [Refs 5th c.BC+] downwards; so καὶ σὺ οὖν you too therefore, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare οὐ γὰρ οὖν, τοιγαροῦν: strengthened, δὴ οὖν [Refs 5th c.BC+]: in questions, τίς οὖν ὁ λύσων σ᾽ ἐστίν ; [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; ἆρ᾽ οὖν δή ; [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τί οὖν δή ; [Refs 5th c.BC+]