Isaiah 16:11 — Word Study
WLCעַל־ כֵּן֙ מֵעַ֣י לְמוֹאָ֔ב כַּכִּנּ֖וֹר יֶֽהֱמ֑וּ וְקִרְבִּ֖י לְקִ֥יר חָֽרֶשׂ׃
BSAThereforeʻal my heartmêʻeh [inmost being, emotions] lamentshâmâh▸ [sounds like a mournful cry, to roar] for MoabMôwʼâb [the land and descendants of Lot] like a harpkinnôwr [lyre, musical instrument] my inmost beingqereb [innermost, belly, entrails, seat of emotions] for Kir-heresQîyr Cheres [Kir-haresh, wall of potsherds, a place in Moab]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עַל־ | there- | Preposition |
| כֵּן֙ | -fore | Adverb |
| מֵעַ֣י | inward parts my | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| לְמוֹאָ֔ב | for Moab | Preposition, noun proper |
| כַּכִּנּ֖וֹר | like harp | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| יֶֽהֱמ֑וּ | they make a sound | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| וְקִרְבִּ֖י | and inner being my | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| לְקִ֥יר | for Kir | Preposition, noun proper |
| חָֽרֶשׂ׃ | Heres | Noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Therefore my heart laments for Moab like a harp, my inmost being for Kir-heres. |
| KJV | Wherefore my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kir-haresh. |
| ASV | Wherefore my heart soundeth like a harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kir-heres. |
| YLT | Therefore my bowels for Moab as a harp do sound, And mine inward parts for Kir-Haresh. |
| WEB | Therefore my heart sounds like a harp for Moab, and my inward parts for Kir Heres. |
| BBE | For this cause the cords of my heart are sounding for Moab, and I am full of sorrow for Kir-heres. |
The translations agree on the emotional content of the verse, particularly in the use of מֵעַי for the expression of deep feelings.
The main clause expresses the core action of lamenting, while subordinate phrases provide comparisons and additional emotional depth.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהָמָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 16:11
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Lament for Moabgenerated
Isaiah 16:11 shows the prophet Isaiah mourning for Moab, a region known for its tumultuous history and relationship with Israel. The surrounding verses describe the loss of joy and gladness in Moab, highlighting the emotional state of the prophet as he reflects on the fate of the Moabites. This lamentation serves as a poignant reminder of the consequences of sin and the resulting sorrow for those affected.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 15:5 | My heart cries out over Moab; her fugitives flee as far as Zoar, as far as Eglath-shelishiyah. With weeping they ascend the slope of Luhith; they lament their destruction on the road to Horonaim. |
| 2 | Isaiah 63:15 | Look down from heaven and see, from Your holy and glorious habitation. Where are Your zeal and might? Your yearning and compassion for me are restrained. |
| 3 | Jeremiah 4:19 | My anguish, my anguish! I writhe in pain! Oh, the pain in my chest! My heart pounds within me; I cannot be silent. For I have heard the sound of the horn, the alarm of battle. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 31:20 | Is not Ephraim a precious son to Me, a delightful child? Though I often speak against him, I still remember him. Therefore My heart yearns for him; I have great compassion for him,” declares the LORD. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 48:36 | Therefore My heart laments like a flute for Moab; it laments like a flute for the men of Kir-heres, because the wealth they acquired has perished. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מֵעַי, me'aygenerated
The word מֵעַי (*me'ay*) refers to the internal organs, particularly the belly or intestines, and is often associated with emotions. In this context, it conveys the prophet's deep emotional response to the plight of Moab, emphasizing sympathy and sorrow.
This noun is in the plural construct form, indicating a collective sense of inward parts, which can symbolize the seat of emotions. The use of this term in the lament underscores the intensity of Isaiah's feelings for Moab.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is יֶֽהֱמ֑וּ, they make a sound, which governs the emotional expressions of the subject. The structure includes a prepositional phrase indicating the object of lament, as well as a simile comparing the lament to the sound of a harp.
The sentence structure emphasizes the emotional depth of the prophet's lament, with the main clause expressing the action of lamenting and additional phrases providing context and comparison.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the translators used the Greek word ἠξήσει, which means 'to sound' or 'to make a noise'. This choice reflects a direct connection to the emotional expression of lamentation, aligning with the Hebrew context.
The choice of ἠξήσει indicates a focus on the audible aspect of lament, highlighting the prophet's sorrow as a resonant sound, similar to the Hebrew's emphasis on the emotional weight of the lament.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 16:11 shows the prophet Isaiah mourning for Moab. He expresses his sorrow by comparing it to the sound of a harp, indicating deep emotional pain for the people of Moab and their situation.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Isaiah expresses deep sorrow for Moab's plight, reflecting on the loss of joy and the consequences of their actions.
The comparison to a harp emphasizes the emotional resonance of his sorrow, suggesting that his lamentation is both beautiful and mournful.
Kir-heres represents a specific location in Moab, and Isaiah's lament for it signifies a broader sorrow for the entire region and its people.
This verse highlights themes of judgment, loss, and the emotional impact of divine pronouncements, reflecting the prophet's role as a messenger of God's feelings toward His people.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I express sorrow for those who are suffering around me?
- How can I better understand the emotions of others, as Isaiah does for Moab?
- What are some situations in my life where I have felt a similar lament?
- How can I use my own experiences of sorrow to connect with and support others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early interpretations of this verse highlight the emotional depth of Isaiah's lament for Moab, as seen in quotations from Jerome.
Upon this, my belly will sound like a lyre to Moab: and my bowels will be like a wall of baked bricks. And when it becomes clear that Moab has labored in vain, he will enter his sanctuaries to pray, but he will not prevail.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 16 →
On this account, my belly will sound like a lyre for Moab, and my inward parts like a wall of cooked bricks. It is not to be understood as a chant of joy for the prophet,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 16 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 16:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWherefore my bowels shall sound like a harp for Moab,.... Making a noise as the harp does, and a mournful one as that, when used at funerals; which it makes when it is stricken or played on with the
Read John Gill on Isaiah 16 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWherefore my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kirharesh. My bowels - in Scripture the seat of yearning compassion. It means the inward seat of emotion, the heart, etc. (Isaiah 63:15 : cf.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 16 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleShall sound, through compassion to them; of which See Poole "". In excessive griefs the bowels are sometimes rolled and tumbled together, so as to make an audible noise. Hereby he signifies the greatness of their approaching calamity, which being so grievous to him, must needs be intolerable to them.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 16 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 16:11 Wherefore my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kirharesh. Ver. 11. Wherefore my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab.] The "elect of God, holy and beloved, have bowels of mercy, tenderness, and kindness" toward their very enemies also, whom they do oft pity more than they pity themselves, as Habakkuk did the Chaldeans’ calamity, and as Daniel did Nebuchadnezzar’ s downfall. Sicut cithara plectro tacta dat sonitum in funere funereum, As they have mournful music at funerals; or as the strings of a shawm sound heavily, so do my heart strings for miserable Moab. In a harp, if one string be touched, all the rest sound; so it should be with us in…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 16 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(11) My bowels shall sound like an harp . . .—The context leaves it uncertain whether the speaker is the prophet as in Isaiah 16:9, or Jehovah as in Isaiah 16:10. The former seems, perhaps, the most natural. On the other hand, the very phrase is used of the compassion of Jehovah in Isaiah 63:15. The “bowels,” as in modern language the “heart,” were looked on as the seat of the emotions, and as such they vibrate, like the chords of the harp or lyre (kinnûr) used at funerals, with the thrills of pity.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 16 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges11. (Jeremiah 48:36) my bowels shall sound like a harp] omit “shall” with R.V. The poet’s emotion flows forth spontaneously in the strains of the elegy. The bowels are the seat of the more intense emotions (Job 30:27), especially of compassion (Jeremiah 4:19; Jeremiah 31:20; Son 5:4). Kir-haresh] Kir-heres. See on Isaiah 16:7.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 16 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWherefore my bowels - This is also an expression of the deep grief of the prophet in view of the calamities which were coming upon Moab.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 16 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible11. Wherefore my bowels — An expression of deepest grief. The viscera above the diaphragm, including heart, lungs, liver, are here called “bowels.” Shall sound like a harp — Grief was capable, it was
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 16 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Therefore my heart laments for Moab like a harp, my inmost being for Kir-heres.
Therefore my heart sounds like a harp for Moab, and my inward parts for Kir Heres.
Therefore my heart laments for Moab like a harp, my inmost being for Kir-heres.
So my heart constantly sighs for Moab, like the strumming of a harp, my inner being sighs for Kir Hareseth.
Tyndale line
Wherefore my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kir-haresh.
Wherefore my heart soundeth like a harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kir-heres.
Wherefore my bowels sound like an harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kir-heres.
Wherefore my bowels shall sound like a harp for Moab, and my inward parts for Kir-haresh.
Wherefore, my bowels shall sounde like an harpe for Moab, and mine inwarde partes for Ker-haresh.
Strictly literal
Therefore my bowels sound like a harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kirheres.
Therefore my bowels for Moab as a harp do sound, And mine inward parts for Kir-Haresh.
Therefore my bowels sound as a harp for Moab, || And my inward parts for Kir-Haresh.
Therefore my bowels shall groan for Moab like a harp, and my inward parts for Kir-charess.
So my heart sighs like a harp for Moab, and my inward being for Kir Hareseth.
From the Latin
Wherefore my bowels shall sound like a harp for Moab, and my inward parts for the brick wall.
Simplified
Heartbroken I cry for Moab like sad music on a harp; deep inside I weep for Kir-hareseth.
For this cause the cords of my heart are sounding for Moab, and I am full of sorrow for Kir-heres.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text aligns closely with the Septuagint, with seven of the nine words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls also support the MT, with one scroll preserving nine words and another partially restored. The consistency across these texts underscores the stability of this lamentation.
עַל־ כֵּן֙ מֵעַ֣י לְמוֹאָ֔ב כַּכִּנּ֖וֹר יֶֽהֱמ֑וּ וְקִרְבִּ֖י לְקִ֥יר חָֽרֶשׂ׃
7 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
על כן מע׳י למואב ככנור יהמו וקרב׳י לקיר חרש
9 words on the leather.
[על] [כן] [מע׳י] למואב ככנור יהמו [וקרב׳י] [לקיר] [חרש]
2 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 16:11
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
The Hebrew word כֵּן (*ken*) is built from the root meaning 'set upright.' It functions as an adjective meaning 'right,' 'veritable,' or 'honest,' and as an adverb meaning 'so,' 'therefore,' or 'thus.' It appears in various contexts, often indicating manner or relation, and is used in phrases like 'forasmuch as.'
כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest
right
veritable, true
pl. concr. honest (men)
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
כֵּן adv. so
base
H3651a כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest H3651b כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as H3651c כֵּן so
3651 ken kane
from 3559; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as
adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction)
rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and
relation; often with other particles):--+ after that
(this, -ward, -wards), as ... as, + (for-)asmuch as yet, + be
(for which) cause, + following, howbeit, in (the) like
(manner, -wise), X the more, right, (even) so, state,
straightway, such (thing), surely, + there (where)-fore, this,
thus, true, well, X you.
see HEBREW for 03559
כֵּן (ken) — right.
adv
adj
1) right, just, honest, true, veritable
1a) right, just, honest
1b) correct
1c) true, veritable
[כִּי עַל] כֵּן ([ki al] ken) — as.
adv
forasmuch as, since
כֵּן (ken) — so.
adv
1) so, therefore, thus
1a) thus, so
1b) just so
1c) therefore
1d) so...as (paired with adv)
1e) then
1f) forasmuch as (in phrase)
1g) (with prep)
1g1) therefore, this being so (specific)
1g2) hitherto
1g3) therefore, on this ground (general)
1g4) afterwards
1g5) in such case
Aramaic equivalent: ken (כֵּן "thus" H3652)
HD — AdverbHD
מֵעֶה (me`ah) refers to internal organs, particularly the intestines and belly. It is used in plural form and can denote various inward parts, including the womb and the seat of emotions. The term may also imply softness, reflecting a figurative sense of sympathy or emotional distress.
[מֵעֶה] n.m. only pl. internal organs, inward parts (intestines, bowels), belly
base
H4578 מֵעֶה only pl. internal organs, inward parts (intestines, bowels), belly
4578 me`ah may-aw'
from an unused root probably meaning to be soft; used only in
plural the intestines, or (collectively) the abdomen,
figuratively, sympathy; by implication, a vest; by extens. the
stomach, the uterus (or of men, the seat of generation), the
heart (figuratively):--belly, bowels, X heart, womb.
מֵעֶה (me.eh) — belly.
1) internal organs, inward parts, bowels, intestines, belly
1a) inward parts
1b) digestive organs
1c) organs of procreation, womb
1d) place of emotions or distress or love (fig.)
1e) external belly
Aramaic equivalent: me.ah (מְעָא "belly" H4577)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp1bs
מוֹאָב (Moab) refers to both a person and a territory. It denotes Moab, the son of Lot by his eldest daughter, and the nation and land descended from him. The name means 'of his father,' highlighting the incestuous origins of Moab. The term appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, including references to the Moabites and their territory.
מוֹאָב, מֹאָב 180 n.pr.gent. et terr. Moab
Moab as son of Lot by his elder daughter
Moab:
= nation of which Lot’s son is represented as ancestor
= territory of Moab
base
H4124 מוֹאָב, מֹאָב Moab
4124 Mow'ab mo-awb
from a prolonged form of the prepositional prefix m- and 1;
from (her (the mother's)) father; Moab, an incestuous son of
Lot; also his territory and descendants:--Moab.
see HEBREW for 01
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.
Moab = "of his father"
the nation descended from the son of Lot
Also named: mo.a.vi (מוֹאָבִי "Moab" H4125)
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.19.37;
son of: Lot (H3876) and his first daughter (H3876H);
half-brother of Ben-ammi (H1151);
§ Moab = "of his father"
1) a son of Lot by his eldest daughter
2) the nation descended from the son of Lot
3) the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — (Plains of) Moab.
Combined with a.ra.vah (עֲרָבָה " Plains" H6160I)
§ Moab = "of his father"
the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
Moab
The seed of the father, or, according to others, the desirable land, the eldest son of Lot (Gen. 19:37), of incestuous birth.
(2.) Used to denote the people of Moab (Num. 22:3-14; Judg. 3:30; 2 Sam. 8:2; Jer. 48:11, 13).
(3.) The land of Moab (Jer. 48:24), called also the “country of Moab” (Ruth 1:2, 6; 2:6), on the east of Jordan and the Dead Sea, and south of the Arnon (Num. 21:13, 26). In a wider sense it included the whole region that had been occupied by…
(of his father), Mo’abites. Moab was the son of the Lot’s eldest daughter, the progenitor of the Moabites. Zoar was the cradle of the race of Lot. From this centre the brother tribes spread themselves. The Moabites first inhabited the rich highlands which crown the eastern side of the chasm of the Dead Sea, extending as far north as the mountain of Gilead, from which country they expelled the Emims, the original inhabitants, (2:11) but they themselves were afterward driven southward by the warlike Amorites, who had crossed the Jordan, and were confined to the country south of the river Arnon, which formed their northern boundary. (Numbers 21:13; Judges 11:18) The territory occupied by Moab at the period of its greatest extent, before the invasion of the Amorites, divided itself…
of his father
כִּנּוֹר (kinnor) refers to a lyre or harp, derived from a root meaning to twang. The term is consistently used across lexicons to denote this stringed musical instrument.
כִּנּוֹר n.m. lyre
base
H3658 כִּנּוֹר lyre
3658 kinnowr kin-nore'
from a unused root meaning to twang; a harp: -harp.
כִּנּוֹר (kin.nor) — lyre.
lyre, harp
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
harp.
See MUSIC.
Harp
(Heb. kinnor), the national instrument of the Hebrews. It was invented by Jubal (Gen. 4:21). Some think the word kinnor denotes the whole class of stringed instruments. It was used as an accompaniment to songs of cheerfulness as well as of praise to God (Gen. 31:27; 1 Sam. 16:23; 2 Chr. 20:28; Ps. 33:2; 137:2).
In Solomon’s time harps were made of almug-trees (1 Kings 10:11, 12). In 1 Chr. 15:21 mention is made of “harps on the Sheminith;” Revised Version, “harps set to the Sheminith;” better perhaps “harps…
The harp was the national instrument of the Hebrews, and was well known throughout Asia. Moses assigns its invention to Jubal during the antediluvian period. (Genesis 4:21) Josephus records that the harp had ten strings, and that it was played on with the plectrum. Sometimes it was smaller having only eight strings, and was usually played with the fingers.
Hebrew KINNOR, the most ancient and common stringed instrument of the Jews, more properly translated lyre. It was light and portable, and was used on joyful occasions, whether sacred or not. It was invented by Jubal, Ge 4:21 31:27 1Ch 16:5 25:1-5 Ps 81:2. David was a proficient in its use, 1Sa 16:16,23 18:10. The instrument most nearly resembling our harp was the Hebrew NEBEL, translated, psaltery in the Old Testament, Ps 57:8 81:2 92:3 108:2. It had a general triangular shape, and seven to twelve strings, Ps 33:2 144:9. It was played with the hand or with a short…
הָמָה (hamah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to murmur, growl, or roar, and it conveys a sense of loudness or tumult. It can refer to various forms of noise and commotion, including being boisterous or troubled. The entries suggest a range of meanings from making noise to being in a state of uproar, with some nuances in emotional expression, such as mourning or prayer.
[הָמָה] vb. murmur, growl, roar, be boisterous
Qal
growl like a dog
murmur, fig. of soul in discouragement
roar, of waves
be in commotion, stir
be boisterous, turbulent
base
H1993 [הָמָה] murmur, growl, roar, be boisterous
1993 hamah haw-maw'
a primitive root (compare 1949); to make a loud sound like
Engl. "hum"); by implication, to be in great commotion or
tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor:--clamorous, concourse, cry
aloud, be disquieted, loud, mourn, be moved, make a noise,
rage, roar, sound, be troubled, make in tumult, tumultuous, be
in an uproar.
see HEBREW for 01949
הָמָה (ha.mah) — to roar.
1) to murmur, growl, roar, cry aloud, mourn, rage, sound, make noise, tumult, be clamorous, be disquieted, be loud, be moved, be troubled, be in an uproar
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to growl
1a2) to murmur (fig. of a soul in prayer)
1a3) to roar
1a4) to be in a stir, be in a commotion
1a5) to be boisterous, be turbulent
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
sound: In Isa 63:15 the King James Version has "the sounding of thy bowels," a painfully literal translation of hamon me'eykha, with the similar phrase, "my bowels shall sound like an harp," in Isa 16:11 (compare Jer 48:36). The intestines were considered a seat of emotion, and at times of great excitement were thought (in poetry, at least) to become tense and to give forth a musical sound. The Revised Version (British and American) (following the King James Version in Jer 48:36) substitutes "heart" for "bowels" in Isa 16:11, thus obscuring the figure but preserving the sense. In
קֶ֫רֶב (qereb) refers to the inward part or midst of something, encompassing both physical and figurative meanings. It can denote the center of a person or object, as well as the seat of thought and emotion. The term also relates to the entrails of sacrificial animals. It is used in various contexts, including references to being among or within a group.
קֶ֫רֶב 227 n.[m.] inward part, midst
base
H7130 קֶ֫רֶב inward part, midst
7130 qereb keh'-reb
from 7126; properly, the nearest part, i.e. the center,
whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with
preposition):--X among, X before, bowels, X unto charge, +
eat (up), X heart, X him, X in, inward (X -ly, part, -s,
thought), midst, + out of, purtenance, X therein, X through, X
within self.
see HEBREW for 07126
קֶ֫רֶב (qe.rev) — entrails: among.
: among/within
1) midst, among, inner part, middle
1a) inward part
1a1) physical sense
1a2) as seat of thought and emotion
1a3) as faculty of thought and emotion
1b) in the midst, among, from among (of a number of persons)
1c) entrails (of sacrificial animals)
Also means: qe.rev (קֶ֫רֶב ": inner_parts" H7130H)
קֶ֫רֶב (qe.rev) — entrails: inner parts.
: inner_parts
1) midst, among, inner part, middle
1a) inward part
1a1) physical sense
1a2) as seat of thought and emotion
1a3) as faculty of thought and emotion
1b) in the midst, among, from among (of a number of persons)
1c) entrails (of sacrificial animals)
Conj | N-ms | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncmsc/Sp1bs
קִיר in n.pr.loc. of Moabite cities
base
H7025 קִיר of Moabite cities
7025 Qiyr Cheres keer kheh'-res
or (feminine of the latter word) Qiyr Chareseth {keer
khar-eh'-seth}; from 7023 and 2789; fortress of earthenware;
Kir-Cheres or Kir-Chareseth, a place in Moab:--Kir-haraseth,
Kir-hareseth, Kir-haresh, Kir-heres.
see HEBREW for 07023
see HEBREW for 02789
קִיר חֶרֶשׂ (qir che.re.s) — Kir-hareseth.
Kir-hareseth or Kir-hares or Kir-haresh = "wall of potsherds"
one of the two chief strongholds of Moab
Another name of qir (קִיר "Kir" H7024B)
N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
kur, kir (kir):
1. Meaning:
The meaning of Kir is "inclosure" or "walled place," and it is therefore doubtful whether it is a place-name in the true sense of the word. In 2Ki 16:9 it is mentioned as the place whither Tiglath-pileser IV carried the Syrian (Aramean) captives which he deported from Damascus after he had taken that city. In Am 1:5 the prophet announces that the people of Syria (Aram) shall go into captivity unto Kir, and in 9:7 it is again referred to as the place whence the Lord had brought the Syrians (Arameans) as Israel had been brought out of Egypt, and the Philistines from Caphtor.
2. How Rendered in the Septuagint:
Except in one manuscript (Septuagint, Codex Alexandrinus), where it appears as the Libyan Cyrene (2Ki…
Kir
A wall or fortress, a place to which Tiglath-pileser carried the Syrians captive after he had taken the city of Damascus (2 Kings 16:9; Amos 1:5; 9:7). Isaiah (22:6), who also was contemporary with these events, mentions it along with Elam. Some have supposed that Kir is a variant of Cush (Susiana), on the south of Elam.
(fortress) is mentioned by Amos, (Amos 9:7) as the land from which the Syrians (Aramaeans) were once "brought up;" i.e. apparently as the country where they had dwelt before migrating to the region north of Palestine. (A difference of opinion exists in regard to the position of Kir, since some suppose it to be identical with Carma, a city of Media, in the south, on the river Mardus; others place it in Armenia, on the river Kar. --ED.)
1. A strong city of Moab; called also Kir-hareseth, Kir-haresh, and Kir-heres, Isa 15:1; 16:7,11; Jer 48:31. It was once nearly destroyed by Joram king of Israel, 2Ki 3:25. It is now called Kerak, and is a town of three hundred families, on a steep hill at the head of a ravine running up fifteen miles into the mountains of Moab. Three-fourths of its present inhabitants are nominal Christians, greatly oppressed by the Mohammedan Arabs around them.
2. A region to which Tiglath-pileser transported the captive people of Damascus, 2Ki 16:9; believed to have been in the vicinity of the river Kur or Cyrus, on the northeast of Armenia. The Kur flows southeast, unites with the…
קִיר in n.pr.loc. of Moabite cities
base
H7025 קִיר of Moabite cities
7025 Qiyr Cheres keer kheh'-res
or (feminine of the latter word) Qiyr Chareseth {keer
khar-eh'-seth}; from 7023 and 2789; fortress of earthenware;
Kir-Cheres or Kir-Chareseth, a place in Moab:--Kir-haraseth,
Kir-hareseth, Kir-haresh, Kir-heres.
see HEBREW for 07023
see HEBREW for 02789
קִיר חֶרֶשׂ (qir che.re.s) — Kir-hareseth.
Kir-hareseth or Kir-hares or Kir-haresh = "wall of potsherds"
one of the two chief strongholds of Moab
Another name of qir (קִיר "Kir" H7024B)
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
he'-rez, he'-res:
(1) har-cherec, "Mount Heres" (Jud 1:34 f), a district from which the Amorites were not expelled; it is mentioned along with Aijalon and Shallbim. In Jos 19:41 f we have then two towns in association with Ir-shemesh and many authorities consider that as cherec = shemesh, i.e. the sun, and har, being perhaps a copyist's error for `ir, "city," we have in Jud 1:34 a reference to Beth-shemesh, the modern `Ain Shems. Conder thinks that Batn Harasheh, Northeast of Aijalon, a prominent hill, may be the place referred to. Budde thinks Har-heres may be identified with the Bit-Ninib (Ninib being the fierce morning sun) of the Tell el-Amarna Letters; this place was in the district of Jerusalem.
Heres
Sun. (1.) “Mount Heres” (Judg. 1:35), Heb. Har-heres, i.e., “sun-mountain;” probably identical with Irshemesh in Josh. 19:41.
(2.) Isa. 19:18, marg. (See ON.)
(the sun), (Judges 1:35) a city of Dan, in Mount Ephraim, near Ajalon; possibly identical with Mount Jearim (Ir-shemesh, city of the gun).
the son; an earthen pot