Isaiah 23:10 — Word Study
WLCעִבְרִ֥י אַרְצֵ֖ךְ כַּיְאֹ֑ר בַּת־ תַּרְשִׁ֕ישׁ אֵ֖ין מֵ֥זַח עֽוֹד׃
BSACultivateʻâbar [work with diligence, like a farmer] your landʼerets [the soil, a country, or territory] like the Nileyᵉʼôr O Daughterbath [a female child or a woman, a term of endearment] of TarshishTarshîysh [a place of commerce and trade] there is noʼayin longerʻôwd [nothing remains, not any more] a harbormâzîyach [a safe place, a refuge]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עִבְרִ֥י | pass over | Verb, Qal, imperative second person feminine singular |
| אַרְצֵ֖ךְ | land your | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| כַּיְאֹ֑ר | like the River | Preposition, noun proper |
| בַּת־ | O daughter of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| תַּרְשִׁ֕ישׁ | Tarshish | Noun proper |
| אֵ֖ין | there not | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| מֵ֥זַח | [is] a restraint | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עֽוֹד׃ | still | Adv |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Cultivate your land like the Nile, O Daughter of Tarshish; there is no longer a harbor. |
| KJV | Pass through thy land as a river, O daughter of Tarshish: there is no more strength. |
| ASV | Pass through thy land as the Nile, O daughter of Tarshish; there is no restraint any more. |
| YLT | Pass through thy land as a brook, Daughter of Tarshish, there is no more a girdle. |
| WEB | Pass through your land like the Nile, daughter of Tarshish. There is no restraint any more. |
| BBE | Let your land be worked with the plough, O daughter of Tarshish; there is no longer any harbour. |
The translations agree on the imperative to cultivate the land, emphasizing the urgency of the command.
The structure features a main command followed by a simile and an address, concluding with a statement of loss.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectמֵזַח
verbעָבַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 23:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Prophecy Against Tyregenerated
Isaiah 23:10 is part of a larger prophecy that speaks to the fate of Tyre and its people. The Daughter of Tarshish is called to action, reflecting the urgency of the situation as the city faces impending desolation. This call to cultivate the land emphasizes the need for preparation and resilience in the face of adversity, as seen in the surrounding verses that discuss the destruction of the city and the loss of its maritime strength.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 23:14 | Wail, O ships of Tarshish, for your harbor has been destroyed! |
| 2 | 1 Samuel 28:20 | Immediately Saul fell flat on the ground, terrified by the words of Samuel. And his strength was gone, because he had not eaten anything all that day and night. |
| 3 | Job 12:21 | He pours out contempt on nobles and disarms the mighty. |
| 4 | Lamentations 1:6 | All the splendor has departed from the Daughter of Zion. Her princes are like deer that find no pasture; they lack the strength to flee in the face of the hunter. |
| 5 | Haggai 2:22 | I will overturn royal thrones and destroy the power of the kingdoms of the nations. I will overturn chariots and their riders; horses and their riders will fall, each by the sword of his brother. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עִבְרִ֥י, 'iv.Rigenerated
The verb עָבַר (abar) is an imperative form, urging the Daughter of Tarshish to take action by cultivating her land. It conveys the idea of crossing over or transitioning, suggesting a shift in focus from reliance on maritime trade to agricultural diligence.
This word's versatility allows it to encompass both physical crossing and metaphorical transitions, emphasizing the need for a proactive response to the changing circumstances in Tyre.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In the Berean Standard Bible, the phrase is rendered as Cultivate your land, which aligns with the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb עִבְרִ֥י, cultivate, governs the sentence, with a noun phrase אַרְצֵ֖ךְ (your land) following it. The prepositional phrase כַּיְאֹ֑ר (like the Nile) adds a simile, while the noun phrase בַּת־ תַּרְשִׁ֕ישׁ (Daughter of Tarshish) identifies the subject.
The overall structure emphasizes the imperative nature of the command, with the simile enhancing the call to action by drawing a parallel to the well-known Nile River.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עִבְרִ֥י as ἐργάζου, meaning work. This choice highlights the labor aspect of cultivation, reinforcing the urgency of the command.
The use of a verb that emphasizes action further underscores the need for diligence in the face of the challenges presented in the prophecy.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 23:10 calls the Daughter of Tarshish to cultivate her land like the Nile, indicating a shift from reliance on trade to agriculture. It emphasizes the absence of a harbor, reflecting the city's loss of maritime strength.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It suggests taking diligent action to prepare and work the land, similar to how the Nile nourishes and sustains agriculture.
The Daughter of Tarshish represents the city of Tyre and its people, often depicted as a wealthy trading center.
The absence of a harbor indicates the downfall of Tyre's maritime trade and its vulnerability to destruction.
The Nile symbolizes abundance and fertility, contrasting with the desolation faced by Tyre.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to cultivate diligence and prepare for challenges?
- How can I shift my focus from reliance on external resources to nurturing what I have?
- What does the absence of a harbor symbolize in my own experiences of loss or change?
- How does the imagery of the Nile inspire me to seek abundance in my own life?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early interpretations of this verse emphasize the call to action for the Daughter of Tarshish, illustrating the urgency of the situation as maritime trade declines.
Work your land: for the ships do not come from Carthage at all, and your hand does not prevail, which provokes the kings in the sea.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 23 →
Go through your land like a river, O daughter of the sea; you have no more restraint. Just as a river, or as the Hebrew more significantly has it, a stream, for this is called Jabbok, is easily crossed on foot, so you,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 23 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 23:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BiblePass through thy land as a river, O daughter of Tarshish,.... Or, "of the sea", as the Vulgate Latin; meaning Tyre, which was situated in the sea, and did, as it were, spring from it, and was
Read John Gill on Isaiah 23 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryPass through thy land as a river, O daughter of Tarshish: there is no more strength.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 23 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BiblePass through the land; tarry no longer in thy own territories, but flee through them, and beyond them, into other countries, for safety and relief. As a river; swiftly, lest you be prevented; and continually, till you be all gone; and in shoals and multitudes. O daughter of Tarshish; O Tyrus; for of her he speaks both in the foregoing and following words. And Tyrus might well be called the daughter of Tarshish, i.e. of the sea, as that word is used, , and elsewhere, because it then was an island, and therefore as it were born of the sea, and nourished and brought up by it. No more strength, Heb. no more girdle: the girdle, which strengthens the loins of a man, is put for strength, as 38:3.…
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 23 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 23:10 Pass through thy land as a river, O daughter of Tarshish: [there is] no more strength.Ver. 10. Pass through the land as a river,] i.e., Hastily: Abi praeceps, pack up and begone with all speed, be there never so many of you here at Tyre. There is no more strength.] Heb., Girdle - that is, soldiery, or shipping, or sea to encompass it. Oecolampadius sets this sense upon the words, Non est ei cingulum reliquum, There is not so much as a girdle or such like lowly commodity left in Tyre, she had been so plundered. Indefinenter et cito. - Jun.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 23 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) Pass through thy land as a river . . .—The word for “river” is that used in Isaiah 23:3 with special reference to the Nile. Here the inundation of the Nile gives special force to the comparison. The daughter of Tarshish (i.e., Tarshish itself) is to spread and overflow in independent action. The colonies of Tyre are no longer subject to her, paying tribute or custom duties as she might ordain. There is no “strength,” no “girdle” now to restrain them, no limit such as Tyre had imposed on their commerce or colonisation. It is significant that Cyprus revolted about this time, and that the Phœnician colonies took part in attacking the mother city under Sennacherib (Jos. Ant. ix. 14. 2).
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 23 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. O daughter of Tarshish] Tyre is called the daughter of Tarshish; perhaps because, Tyre being ruined, Tarshish was become the superior city, and might be considered as the metropolis of the Tyrian people; or rather because of the close connexion and perpetual intercourse between them, according to that latitude of signification in which the Hebrews use the words son and daughter to express any sort of conjunction and dependence whatever. מזח mezach, a girdle, which collects, binds, and keeps together the loose raiment, when applied to a river, may mean a mound, mole, or artificial dam, which contains the waters and prevents them from spreading abroad. A city taken by siege and…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 23 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10–14. The third strophe, as usually explained, deals mainly with the emancipation of the Phœnician colonies from the somewhat stringent control of Tyre. But the passage presents many difficulties; and from the utter uncertainty as to the meaning of Isa 23:13 the general sense is doubtful.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 23 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BiblePass through thy land as a river - This verse has been very variously understood.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 23 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Cultivate your land like the Nile, O Daughter of Tarshish; there is no longer a harbor.
Pass through your land like the Nile, daughter of Tarshish. There is no restraint any more.
Cultivate your land like the Nile, O Daughter of Tarshish; there is no longer a harbor.
Daughter Tarshish, travel back to your land, as one crosses the Nile; there is no longer any marketplace in Tyre.
Tyndale line
Pass through thy land as a river, O daughter of Tarshish: there is no more strength.
Pass through thy land as the Nile, O daughter of Tarshish; there is no restraint any more.
Pass through thy land as the Nile, O daughter of Tarshish; there is no girdle about thee any more.
Pass through thy land as a river, O daughter of Tarshish: there is no more strength.
Passe through thy lande like a flood to the daughter of Tarshish: there is no more strength.
Strictly literal
Overflow thy land like the Nile, daughter of Tarshish: there is no more restraint.
Pass through thy land as a brook, Daughter of Tarshish, there is no more a girdle.
Pass through your land as a brook, || Daughter of Tarshish, || There is no longer a girdle.
Pass through thy land as a stream, O daughter of Tharshish: there is no more strength.
Plow your land, as one plows the Nile, daughter of Tarshish. There is no longer a marketplace in Tyre.
From the Latin
Pass thy land as a river, O daughter of the sea, thou hast a girdle no more.
Simplified
Work your land, people of Tarshish, as they do beside the Nile, for you don't have a harbor anymore.
Let your land be worked with the plough, O daughter of Tarshish; there is no longer any harbour.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls agree on the wording of the verse, with minor variations in the scrolls that do not affect the overall meaning. The Septuagint, while not matching word for word, captures the essence of the command.
עִבְרִ֥י אַרְצֵ֖ךְ כַּיְאֹ֑ר בַּת־ תַּרְשִׁ֕ישׁ אֵ֖ין מֵ֥זַח עֽוֹד׃
4 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
עבדי ארצ׳ך כיאור בת תרשיש אין מזח עוד
8 words on the leather.
עב [ארצ׳ך] [כיאר] [בת] [תרשיש] [אין] [מזח] [עוד]
1 word on the leather — 7 supplied entire by an editor.
עבורי ארצ׳ך כיאר [בת] [תרשיש] [אין] [מזח] [עוד]
3 words on the leather — 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 23:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עָבַר (abar) is a versatile verb meaning to pass over, through, or by, and it encompasses a range of actions including crossing, traversing, and alienating. It can also imply causing something to pass or be transferred, as well as emotional states like anger in its Hithpael form. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, though they do not provide specific verse references.
עָבַר 648 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on
Qal
pass over
Pass beyond
Pass through, traverse
pass along by
pass by
sweep by, of scourge
be past, over, of time
pass along (from hand to hand)
Pass on, go on
Pass away
Niph. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded
Pi.
his bull impregnateth
cause one to cross river
cause something to pass over
make over to
devote children to (לְ) heathen god
pass along (from hand to hand)
cause to pass through
let pass through
cause to pass by
let pass by
cause arrow to pass beyond
cause to pass under rod, for counting
cause to pass away, take away
Hiph.
cause to pass over, bring over
he made to pass across with chains of gold
base
[עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself
base
H5674a עָבַר pass over, through, by, pass on .. pass over
. Pass beyond
. Pass through, traverse
. . pass along by
. pass by
. sweep by, of scourge
. be past, over, of time
. pass along (from hand to hand)
. Pass on, go on
. Pass away
. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded
. . his bull impregnateth . cause one to cross river
. cause something to pass over
. make over to
. devote children to (לְ) heathen god
. pass along (from hand to hand)
. . cause to pass through
. let pass through
. . cause to pass by
. let pass by
. cause arrow to pass beyond
. cause to pass under rod, for counting
. cause to pass away, take away
. . cause to pass over, bring over
. he made to pass across with chains of gold
H5674b עָבַר vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself
5674 `abar aw-bar'
a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any
transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive,
intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
copulation):--alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over,
through), carry over, (over-)come (on, over), conduct (over),
convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail,
gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way,
in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle,
overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over)
pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over,
through), (cause to, make) + proclaim(-amation), perish,
provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove,
send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X
speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to)
transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-)faring man, be
wrath.
עָבַר (a.var) — to pass.
1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over
1a2) to pass beyond
1a3) to pass through, traverse
1a3a) passers-through (participle)
1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant)
1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by
1a4a) passer-by (participle)
1a4b) to be past, be over
1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance
1a6) to pass away
1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory)
1a6b) to vanish
1a6c) to perish, cease to exist
1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree)
1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands
1b) (Niphal) to be crossed
1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross
1d) (Hiphil)
V-Qal-Impv-2fs — Verb · Qal · imperative second person feminine singularHVqv2fs
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
N-cs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp2fs
יְאֹר (ye'or) refers to a stream or canal, specifically associated with the Nile River in Egypt. It encompasses various watercourses, including collateral canals and trenches, and can also denote rivers in general. The term is of Egyptian origin and highlights the significance of the Nile as a primary water source.
יְאֹר, יְאוֹר n.m. stream of the Nile, stream, canal
base
H2975 יְאֹר, יְאוֹר stream of the Nile, stream, canal
2975 y`or yeh-ore'
of Egyptian origin; a channel, e.g. a fosse, canal, shaft;
specifically the Nile, as the one river of Egypt, including
its collateral trenches; also the Tigris, as the main river of
Assyria:--brook, flood, river, stream.
יְאֹר (ye.or) — Nile.
This name means river, stream, canal
Also named: shi.chor (שִׁיחוֹר "Nile" H7883H)
יְאֹר (ye.or) — stream.
1) river, stream, canal, Nile, Nile-canal
1a) stream, river (Nile)
1b) Nile-arms, Nile-canals
1c) watercourses
1d) shafts (mining)
1e) river (in general)
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHRd/Npl
riv'-er:
(1) The usual word is nahar (Aramaic nehar (Ezr 4:10, etc.)), used of the rivers of Eden (Ge 2:10-14), often of the Euphrates (Ge 15:18, etc.), of Abana and Pharpar (2Ki 5:12), the river of Gozan (2Ki 17:6), the river Chebar (Eze 1:1), the rivers (canals?) of Babylon (Ps 137:1), the rivers of Ethiopia (Isa 18:1; Ze 3:10). Compare nahr, the common Arabic word for "river."
River
(1.) Heb. ‘aphik, properly the channel or ravine that holds water (2 Sam. 22:16), translated “brook,” “river,” “stream,” but not necessarily a perennial stream (Ezek. 6:3; 31:12; 32:6; 34:13).
(2.) Heb. nahal, in winter a “torrent,” in summer a “wady” or valley (Gen. 32:23; Deut. 2:24; 3:16; Isa. 30:28; Lam. 2:18; Ezek. 47:9).
These winter torrents sometimes come down with great suddenness and with desolating force. A distinguished traveller thus describes his experience in this matter…
In the sense in which we employ the word viz. for a perennial stream of considerable size, a river is a much rarer object in the East than in the West. With the exception of the Jordan and the Litany, the streams of the holy land are either entirely dried up in the summer months converted into hot lanes of glaring stones, or else reduced to very small streamlets, deeply sunk in a narrow bed, and concealed from view by a dense growth of shrubs. The perennial river is called nahar by the Hebrews. With the definite article, "the river," it signifies invariably the Euphrates. (Genesis 31:21; Exodus 23:31; Numbers 24:6; 2 Samuel 10:16) etc. It is never applied to the fleeting…
This word answers in our Bible to various Hebrew terms, of which the principal are the following:
1. Yeor, an Egyptian word signifying river. It is always applied to the Nile and its various canals, except in Job 28:10 Da 12:5,6,7 2. Nahar, applied, like our word river, to constantly flowing streams, such as the Euphrates. In our version this word is sometimes rendered "flood," Jos 24:2,3, etc.
3. Nahal, a torrent-bed, or valley through which water flows in the rainy season only, Nu 34:5, etc; frequently rendered "brook," Nu 13:28 Job 6:15, etc. Such streams are to the…
בַּת (bat) means 'daughter' and encompasses a range of meanings including female child, young women, and even personifications of cities or inhabitants. It can also refer to villages in certain contexts. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and is used in various figurative senses, such as 'branch' or 'apple of the eye.'
בַּת 587 n.f. daughter
daughter, female child
young women, women
with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants
pl. = villages, after name of city
in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.
ostrich
fig.
of vine = branch
as n. relat.
base
H1323 בַּת daughter . daughter, female child
. young women, women
. with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants
. pl. = villages, after name of city
. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.
. ostrich
. fig.
. of vine = branch
. as n. relat.
1323 bath bath
from 1129 (as feminine of 1121); a daughter (used in the same
wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and
figuratively):--apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter,
X first, X old, + owl, town, village.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01121
בַּת (bat) — daughter.
: daughter
1) daughter
1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin
1a1) as polite address
1a2) as designation of women of a particular place
2) young women, women
1a3) as personification
1a4) daughter-villages
1a5) description of character
Also means: bat (בַּת ": village" H1323H)
בַּת (bat) — daughter: village.
: village
1) daughter
1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin
1a1) as polite address
1a2) as designation of women of a particular place
2) young women, women
1a3) as personification
1a4) daughter-villages
1a5) description of character
בַּת (bat) — Bath (Shua).
A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.38.2;
daughter of: Shua (H7770); married to Judah (H3063);
mother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
תַּרְשִׁישׁ (Tarshish) refers to a distant port, possibly linked to the Mediterranean, and is associated with trade and merchant vessels. It also denotes a man from the tribe of Benjamin and a Persian noble. The word is connected to yellow jasper and appears in various contexts, including a city mentioned in relation to Jonah's flight.
תַּרְשִׁישׁ n.pr.
loc. a distant port, site not certainly known
m.
in Benjamin
Persian noble
base
H8659 תַּרְשִׁישׁ . a distant port, site not certainly known
. . in Benjamin
. Persian noble
8659 Tarshiysh tar-sheesh'
probably the same as 8658 (as the region of the stone, or the
reverse); Tarshish, a place on the Mediterranean, hence, the
ephithet of a merchant vessel (as if for or from that port);
also the name of a Persian and of an Israelite:--Tarshish,
Tharshish.
see HEBREW for 08658
תַּרְשִׁישׁ (tar.shish) — Tarshish.
A man of the Greeks living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.4;
son of: Javan (H3120);
brother of: Elishah (H0473), Kittim (H3794) and Dodanim (H1721)
§ Tarshish or Tharshish = "yellow jasper"
son of Javan
תַּרְשִׁישׁ (tar.shish) — Tarshish.
§ Tarshish or Tharshish = "yellow jasper"
1) a city of the Phoenicians in a distant part of the Mediterranean Sea to which the prophet Jonah was trying to flee
perhaps in Cyprus or Spain
2) a city somewhere near and accessible to the Red Sea to which ships constructed at Ezion-geber on the Elanitic Gulf on the Red Sea were to sail
תַּרְשִׁישׁ (tar.shish) — Tarshish.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.7.10;
son of: Bilhan (H1092H);
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
tar'-shish (tarshish):
(1) Eponym of a Benjamite family (1Ch 7:10); Rhamessai, A and Lucian, Tharseis
(2) One of the "seven princes" at the court of Ahasuerus (Es 1:14 Massoretic Text).
(3) The Hebrew name of a precious stone (Eze 10:9 margin, English Versions of the Bible "beryl"; Ex 28:20; 39:13; Eze 1:16; 28:13; So 5:14; Da 10:6).
See STONES, PRECIOUS.
Tarshish
A Sanscrit or Aryan word, meaning “the sea coast.” (1.) One of the “sons” of Javan (Gen. 10:4; 1 Chr. 1:7).
(2.) The name of a place which first comes into notice in the days of Solomon. The question as to the locality of Tarshish has given rise to not a little discussion. Some think there was a Tarshish in the East, on the Indian coast, seeing that “ships of Tarshish” sailed from Eziongeber, on the Red Sea (1 Kings 9:26; 22:48; 2 Chr. 9:21). Some, again, argue that Carthage was the place so named. There can be little doubt, however, that this is the name of a Phoenician port in Spain, between the two mouths of the Guadalquivir (the name given to the river by…
(established). Probably Tartessus, a city and emporium of the Phoenicians in the south of Spain, represented as one of the sons of Javan. (Genesis 10:4; 1 Kings 10:22; 1 Chronicles 1:7; Psalms 48:7; Isaiah 2:16; Jeremiah 10:9; Ezekiel 27:12,25; Jonah 1:3; 4:2) The identity of the two places is rendered highly probable by the following circumstances: 1st. There is a very close similarity of name between them, Tartessus being merely Tarshish in the Aramaic form. 2nd. There seems to have been a special relation between…
1. The second son of Javan, Ge 10:4.
2. Tartessus, an ancient city between two mouths of the Guadalquiver, in the south of Spain. It was a Phoenician colony, and was the most celebrated emporium in the west to which the Hebrews and Phoenicians traded. That Tarshish was situated in the west is evident from Ge 10:4, where it is joined with Elisha, Kittim, and Dodanim. See also Ps 72:10. According to Eze 38:13, it was an important place of trade; according to Jer 10:9, it exported silver, and according to Eze 27:12,25, silver, iron, tin, and lead to the Tyrian markets.…
אַ֫יִן (ayin) primarily means 'nothing' or 'nought' and serves as a negative particle indicating absence or negation, such as 'is not' or 'there is not.' It can also express lack of possession or existence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be non-existent, and it appears frequently in various grammatical constructions.
אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought
to nothing, as nothing
cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
in circumst. clauses
with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
with prefixes
base
H369 אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought . to nothing, as nothing
. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
. in circumst. clauses
. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
. with prefixes
369 'ayin ah'-yin
as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not
exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative
particle:--else, except, fail, (father-)less, be gone,
in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any,
thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable),
well-nigh, without. Compare 370.
see HEBREW for 0370
אַ֫יִן (a.yin) — nothing.
1) nothing, not, nought n
1a) nothing, nought neg
1b) not
1c) to have not (of possession) adv
1d) without w/prep
1e) for lack of
Part — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
מֵ֫זַח (me.zach) and מְזִיחַ (ma.zi.ach) both mean 'girdle' or 'belt,' indicating a form of restraint. The entries suggest a figurative use related to curses and wickedness, though this interpretation is considered dubious. Job 12:21 is referenced for one of the forms.
מֵ֫זַח n.m. girdle;—abs. מ׳:—in sim. of curse enfolding wicked; fig. = restraint (but text dubious)
base
[מְזִיחַ] n.m. id. [m.bh.aa] (of like orig.):—only cstr. Jb 12:21
ref
H4206a מֵ֫זַח girdle;—abs. מ׳:—in sim. of curse enfolding wicked; fig. = restraint (but text dubious) H4206b מְזִיחַ id. [4206a]
4206 maziyach maw-zee'-akh
or mezach {may-zakh'}; from 2118; a belt (as
movable):--girdle, strength.
see HEBREW for 02118
מֵ֫זַח (me.zach) — belt.
girdle
Also means: ma.zi.ach (מְזִיחַ "belt" H4206B)
מְזִיחַ (ma.zi.ach) — belt.
girdle
Another spelling of me.zach (מֵ֫זַח "belt" H4206A)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
עוֹד (owd) primarily denotes a sense of iteration or continuance, functioning mostly as an adverb meaning 'still,' 'yet,' or 'again.' It can also imply addition or repetition, as in 'more' or 'besides.' The word appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, emphasizing persistence or continuation.
עוֹד and (14 t.) עֹד subst. a going round, continuance, but used mostly as adv. acc. still, yet, again, besides
base
H5750 עוֹד and (14 t.) עֹד subst. a going round, continuance, but used mostly as adv. acc. still, yet, again, besides
5750 `owd ode
or rod {ode}; from 5749; properly, iteration or continuance;
used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again,
repeatedly, still, more:--again, X all life long, at all,
besides, but, else, further(-more), henceforth, (any) longer,
(any) more(-over), X once, since, (be) still, when, (good,
the) while (having being), (as, because, whether, while) yet
(within).
see HEBREW for 05749
עוֹד (od) — still.
subst
1) a going round, continuance
adv
2) still, yet, again, besides
2a) still, yet (of continuance or persistence)
2b) still, yet, more (of addition or repetition)
2c) again
2d) still, moreover, besides
Aramaic equivalent: od (עוֹד "still" H5751)
Adv — AdvHAcmsa
stil: "To be still" is "to keep silence" (Ps 4:4, etc.) and so "to be quiet" (Ps 107:29, etc.) or "inactive" in any way (Jud 18:9; 1Ki 22:3; Zec 1:11, etc.). So "be still" in Ps 46:10 means "desist from your war" (compare the Revised Version margin "let be"). The "still small voice" of 1Ki 19:12 (the Revised Version margin "sound of gentle stillness") is due to taking the Hebrew demamah in its literal force of "silent," but the word here means "whisper"--"a whispering, little voice." This familiar passage…