Isaiah 24:8 — Word Study
WLCשָׁבַת֙ מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ תֻּפִּ֔ים חָדַ֖ל שְׁא֣וֹן עַלִּיזִ֑ים שָׁבַ֖ת מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ כִּנּֽוֹר׃
BSAThe joyfulmâsôws [mirthful, happy] tambourinestôph [tabrets, musical instruments] have ceasedshâbath■ [stopped, come to an end] the noiseshâʼôwn [roar, uproar] of revelersʻallîyz [those who rejoice, jubilant ones] has stoppedchâdal■ [ended, come to a halt] the joyfulmâsôws [delightful, happy] harpkinnôwr [lyre] is silentshâbath■ [still, quiet]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שָׁבַת֙ | it has ceased | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ | [the] gaiety of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| תֻּפִּ֔ים | tambourines | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| חָדַ֖ל | it has stopped | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| שְׁא֣וֹן | [the] uproar of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| עַלִּיזִ֑ים | jubilant [people] | Adj |
| שָׁבַ֖ת | it has ceased | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ | [the] gaiety of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| כִּנּֽוֹר׃ | [the] harp | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The joyful tambourines have ceased; the noise of revelers has stopped; the joyful harp is silent. |
| KJV | The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth. |
| ASV | The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth. |
| YLT | Ceased hath the joy of tabrets, Ceased hath the noise of exulting ones, Ceased hath the joy of a harp. |
| WEB | The mirth of tambourines ceases. The sound of those who rejoice ends. The joy of the harp ceases. |
| BBE | The pleasing sound of all instruments of music has come to an end, and the voices of those who are glad. |
All translations agree on the cessation of joyful sounds in this verse.
The sentence consists of one main clause followed by two subordinate clauses, each contributing to the overall theme of silence and loss.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׁבַת
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 24:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Lament over the Landgenerated
Isaiah 24:8 describes a scene where the joyful music and celebration have stopped, reflecting the devastation that has befallen the land. This verse is part of a larger passage that depicts the consequences of sin and judgment, leading to a loss of joy and vitality in society, as seen in the preceding and following verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 23:15–16 | At that time Tyre will be forgotten for seventy years—the span of a king’s life. But at the end of seventy years, it will happen to Tyre as in the song of the harlot: |
| 2 | Jeremiah 7:34 | I will remove from the cities of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem the sounds of joy and gladness and the voices of the bride and bridegroom, for the land will become a wasteland.” |
| 3 | Jeremiah 16:9 | For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: I am going to remove from this place, before your very eyes and in your days, the sounds of joy and gladness, the voices of the bride and bridegroom. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 25:10 | Moreover, I will banish from them the sounds of joy and gladness, the voices of the bride and bridegroom, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the lamp. |
| 5 | Ezekiel 26:13 | So I will silence the sound of your songs, and the music of your lyres will no longer be heard. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שָׁבַת, sha.Vatgenerated
The verb שָׁבַת (sha.Vat) means to cease or stop, often in a context of rest or cessation of activity. In this verse, it indicates that the joyful sounds of music have come to an end, emphasizing a significant shift from celebration to silence.
This usage highlights the depth of loss experienced by the community. The perfect tense indicates a completed action, underscoring that the joy once present has definitively ceased.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree that the joyful sounds have ceased.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb שָׁבַת governs the first clause, indicating the cessation of joyful tambourines. The structure is straightforward, with each clause presenting a different aspect of the loss of joy, creating a rhythmic progression of silence.
The repetition of verbs emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the silence: not just the tambourines, but also the noise of revelers and the harp, all contributing to a profound sense of desolation.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שָׁבַת as πέπαυται, which also means 'has ceased' or 'has stopped'. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning but may imply a more definitive end to the joyful sounds.
The Greek term emphasizes the finality of the cessation, reflecting the gravity of the situation described in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 24:8 tells us that the joyful sounds of tambourines and revelers have stopped, and the harp is silent. This reflects a time of sorrow and loss, marking a significant change from celebration to silence.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies the end of joy and celebration, indicating a time of mourning or desolation.
The harp, a symbol of joy and music, being silent further emphasizes the loss of happiness in the community.
The revelers represent those who celebrate; their cessation indicates a broader societal impact of sorrow or judgment.
This verse fits within a larger lament about the consequences of sin and the resulting loss of joy in the land.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see joy ceasing in my own life or community?
- How can I respond to times of silence and sorrow with hope?
- What role does music play in my expressions of joy or grief?
- How can I support others who may be experiencing a loss of joy?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 24:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe mirth of tabrets ceaseth,.... Or of drums, and such like musical instruments, used at junketings and jovial feasts.
Read John Gill on Isaiah 24 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth. (Revelation 18:22.)
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 24 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleTabrets; which they used in their feasts and revellings. The noise: the word properly signifies a roaring noise and confused clamour, such as drunken men make, .
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 24 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 24:8 The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth.Ver. 8. The mirth of tabrets ceaseth.] Quicquid laetitiarum fuit, in luctum vertitur.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 24 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8) The mirth of tabrets . . .—The words point to the processions of women with timbrels (tambourines) and sacred harps or lyres, like those of Exo 15:20; Judges 11:34; 1 Samuel 18:6, as was customary in seasons of victory. (Comp. the striking parallel of 1Ma 3:45.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 24 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. The mirth, &c.] שאון sheon, the noise. גאון geon, the pride, is the reading of three of De Rossi's MSS., with the Septuagint and Arabic.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 24 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe mirth of tabrets - The joy and exultation which is produced by tabrets. On the words ‘tabret’ (תף tôph) and ‘harp’ (כנור kinnôr), see the notes at Isaiah 5:12.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 24 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible7-9. New wine mourneth — Isaiah 5:11. Sensuality is personified to intensify the felt sense of misery. Exhilaration fails; charms of music are quenched; there is gall to the taste; amusement mocks.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 24 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The joyful tambourines have ceased; the noise of revelers has stopped; the joyful harp is silent.
The mirth of tambourines ceases. The sound of those who rejoice ends. The joy of the harp ceases.
The joyful tambourines have ceased; the noise of revelers has stopped; the joyful harp is silent.
The happy sound of the tambourines stops, the revelry of those who celebrate comes to a halt, the happy sound of the harp ceases.
Tyndale line
The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth.
The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth.
The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth.
The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth.
The mirth of tabrets ceaseth: the noyse of them that reioyce, endeth: the ioye of the harpe ceaseth.
Strictly literal
the mirth of tambours ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth.
Ceased hath the joy of tabrets, Ceased hath the noise of exulting ones, Ceased hath the joy of a harp.
The joy of tambourines has ceased, || The noise of exulting ones has ceased, || The joy of a harp has ceased.
At rest is the mirth of the tambourines; ceased hath the tumult of the joyful; at rest is the mirth of the harp.
The happy sound of the tambourines stops, and the revelry of those who rejoice; the joy of the lyre ceases.
From the Latin
The mirth of timbrels hath ceased, the noise of them that rejoice is ended, the melody of the harp is silent.
Simplified
The happy sound of tambourines is over; the noise of the party-goers has stopped; the delightful harp music has finished.
The pleasing sound of all instruments of music has come to an end, and the voices of those who are glad.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, and the Dead Sea Scrolls all agree on the essential wording of this verse. The scrolls show minor variations, but the core message remains consistent across these ancient witnesses.
שָׁבַת֙ מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ תֻּפִּ֔ים חָדַ֖ל שְׁא֣וֹן עַלִּיזִ֑ים שָׁבַ֖ת מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ כִּנּֽוֹר׃
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
שבת משוש תפים חדל שאון עליזים שבת משוש כנור
9 words on the leather.
[שבת] משוש תופים חדל שאון עלוזים שבת משוש כנור
7 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 24:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁבַת (shabath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cease or rest, often in the context of stopping work. It can also imply causing something to cease or fail, and is associated with observing the Sabbath. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, covering a range of meanings from simple cessation to destruction.
שָׁבַת 71 vb. cease, desist, rest
Qal 27
cease
desist from labour, rest
Niph. cease
Hiph.
40 cause to cease, put an end to
= exterminate, destroy
cause to desist from
remove
cause to fail, let be lacking
base
[שָׁבַת] vb. denom. keep, observe (sabbath)
base
H7673a שָׁבַת cease, desist, rest .. cease
. desist from labour, rest
. cease
. . cause to cease, put an end to
. = exterminate, destroy
. cause to desist from
. remove
. cause to fail, let be lacking
H7673b שָׁבַת vb. denom. keep, observe (sabbath)
7673 shabath shaw-bath'
a primitive root; to repose, i.e. desist from exertion; used
in many implied relations (causative, figurative or
specific):--(cause to, let, make to) cease, celebrate, cause
(make) to fail, keep (sabbath), suffer to be lacking, leave,
put away (down), (make to) rest, rid, still, take away.
שָׁבַת (sha.vat) — to cease.
1) to cease, desist, rest
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cease
1a2) to rest, desist (from labour)
1b) (Niphal) to cease
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to cease, put an end to
1c2) to exterminate, destroy
1c3) to cause to desist from
1c4) to remove
1c5) to cause to fail
שָׁבַת (sha.vat) — to keep.
(Qal) to keep or observe the sabbath
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
מָשׂוֹשׂ (masows) refers to exultation or joy, encompassing both the feeling of delight and its causes. It is derived from the root word for joy, שָׂשׂוֹן (shason). The term is used in contexts related to rejoicing and mirth.
מָשׂוֹשׂ n.m. id. [שָׂשׂוֹן];—exultation
base
H4885 מָשׂוֹשׂ id. [שָׂשׂוֹן];—exultation
4885 masows maw-soce'
from 7797; delight, concretely (the cause or object) or
abstractly (the feeling):--joy, mirth, rejoice.
see HEBREW for 07797
מָשׂוֹשׂ (ma.s.vo.s) — rejoicing.
exultation, joy, rejoicing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
תֹּף (toph) refers to a tambourine or timbrel, a percussion instrument. The entries indicate it is a contracted form of another Hebrew word, but do not provide further details on its usage or context in the Old Testament.
תֹּף n.m. timbrel, tambourine
base
H8596 תֹּף timbrel, tambourine
8596 toph tofe
from 8608 contracted; a tambourine:--tabret, timbrel.
see HEBREW for 08608
תֹּף (toph) — tambourine.
timbrel, tambourine
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
חָדַל (chadal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cease or come to an end. It conveys the idea of stopping, leaving off, or forgoing something. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including the Qal stem, which indicates simple action. There is a specific note in the Hophil form suggesting a passive sense of being made to leave.
חָדַל vb. cease
Qal
cease, come to an end
cease, leave off
Hoph. should I be made to leave
base
H2308 חָדַל cease .. cease, come to an end
. cease, leave off
. should I be made to leave
2308 chadal khaw-dal'
a primitive root; properly, to be flabby, i.e. (by
implication) desist; (figuratively) be lacking or
idle:--cease, end, fall, forbear, forsake, leave (off), let
alone, rest, be unoccupied, want.
חָדַל (cha.dal) — to cease.
1) to stop, cease, desist, forego, cease to be, leave undone, forbear
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cease, come to an end
1a2) to cease, leave off
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
שָׁאוֹן (sha'own) refers to a loud noise or uproar, often associated with water or crowds. It encompasses meanings like roar, din, and tumult, suggesting a sense of chaos or destruction. The word is derived from a root that implies rushing or noise, highlighting its connection to loud, disruptive sounds.
שָׁאוֹן n.m. roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar
base
H7588 שָׁאוֹן roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar
7588 sha'own shaw-one'
from 7582; uproar (as of rushing); by implication,
destruction:--X horrible, noise, pomp, rushing, tumult
(X -uous).
see HEBREW for 07582
שָׁאוֹן (sha.on) — roar.
1) roar, din, crash, uproar
1a) roar (of water)
1b) uproar (of revellers)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עַלִּיז (alliyz) is an adjective meaning exultant or jubilant. It is derived from the root word עַלָּז (alaz), which conveys a sense of joy and rejoicing. The term captures a feeling of joyfulness and celebration, as noted in entries from Brown-Driver-Briggs and Strong's Hebrew Dictionary.
[עַלִּיז] adj. exultant, jubilant
base
H5947 [עַלִּיז] exultant, jubilant
5947 `alliyz al-leez'
from 5937; exultant:--joyous, (that) rejoice(-ing)
see HEBREW for 05937
עַלִּיז (al.liz) — jubilant.
exultant, jubilant
Adj — AdjHAampa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…
שָׁבַת (shabath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cease or rest, often in the context of stopping work. It can also imply causing something to cease or fail, and is associated with observing the Sabbath. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, covering a range of meanings from simple cessation to destruction.
שָׁבַת 71 vb. cease, desist, rest
Qal 27
cease
desist from labour, rest
Niph. cease
Hiph.
40 cause to cease, put an end to
= exterminate, destroy
cause to desist from
remove
cause to fail, let be lacking
base
[שָׁבַת] vb. denom. keep, observe (sabbath)
base
H7673a שָׁבַת cease, desist, rest .. cease
. desist from labour, rest
. cease
. . cause to cease, put an end to
. = exterminate, destroy
. cause to desist from
. remove
. cause to fail, let be lacking
H7673b שָׁבַת vb. denom. keep, observe (sabbath)
7673 shabath shaw-bath'
a primitive root; to repose, i.e. desist from exertion; used
in many implied relations (causative, figurative or
specific):--(cause to, let, make to) cease, celebrate, cause
(make) to fail, keep (sabbath), suffer to be lacking, leave,
put away (down), (make to) rest, rid, still, take away.
שָׁבַת (sha.vat) — to cease.
1) to cease, desist, rest
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cease
1a2) to rest, desist (from labour)
1b) (Niphal) to cease
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to cease, put an end to
1c2) to exterminate, destroy
1c3) to cause to desist from
1c4) to remove
1c5) to cause to fail
שָׁבַת (sha.vat) — to keep.
(Qal) to keep or observe the sabbath
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
מָשׂוֹשׂ (masows) refers to exultation or joy, encompassing both the feeling of delight and its causes. It is derived from the root word for joy, שָׂשׂוֹן (shason). The term is used in contexts related to rejoicing and mirth.
מָשׂוֹשׂ n.m. id. [שָׂשׂוֹן];—exultation
base
H4885 מָשׂוֹשׂ id. [שָׂשׂוֹן];—exultation
4885 masows maw-soce'
from 7797; delight, concretely (the cause or object) or
abstractly (the feeling):--joy, mirth, rejoice.
see HEBREW for 07797
מָשׂוֹשׂ (ma.s.vo.s) — rejoicing.
exultation, joy, rejoicing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
כִּנּוֹר (kinnor) refers to a lyre or harp, derived from a root meaning to twang. The term is consistently used across lexicons to denote this stringed musical instrument.
כִּנּוֹר n.m. lyre
base
H3658 כִּנּוֹר lyre
3658 kinnowr kin-nore'
from a unused root meaning to twang; a harp: -harp.
כִּנּוֹר (kin.nor) — lyre.
lyre, harp
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
harp.
See MUSIC.
Harp
(Heb. kinnor), the national instrument of the Hebrews. It was invented by Jubal (Gen. 4:21). Some think the word kinnor denotes the whole class of stringed instruments. It was used as an accompaniment to songs of cheerfulness as well as of praise to God (Gen. 31:27; 1 Sam. 16:23; 2 Chr. 20:28; Ps. 33:2; 137:2).
In Solomon’s time harps were made of almug-trees (1 Kings 10:11, 12). In 1 Chr. 15:21 mention is made of “harps on the Sheminith;” Revised Version, “harps set to the Sheminith;” better perhaps “harps…
The harp was the national instrument of the Hebrews, and was well known throughout Asia. Moses assigns its invention to Jubal during the antediluvian period. (Genesis 4:21) Josephus records that the harp had ten strings, and that it was played on with the plectrum. Sometimes it was smaller having only eight strings, and was usually played with the fingers.
Hebrew KINNOR, the most ancient and common stringed instrument of the Jews, more properly translated lyre. It was light and portable, and was used on joyful occasions, whether sacred or not. It was invented by Jubal, Ge 4:21 31:27 1Ch 16:5 25:1-5 Ps 81:2. David was a proficient in its use, 1Sa 16:16,23 18:10. The instrument most nearly resembling our harp was the Hebrew NEBEL, translated, psaltery in the Old Testament, Ps 57:8 81:2 92:3 108:2. It had a general triangular shape, and seven to twelve strings, Ps 33:2 144:9. It was played with the hand or with a short…