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Jeremiah 47:5 — Word Study

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WLCבָּ֤אָה קָרְחָה֙ אֶל־ עַזָּ֔ה נִדְמְתָ֥ה אַשְׁקְל֖וֹן שְׁאֵרִ֣ית עִמְקָ֑ם עַד־ מָתַ֖י תִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִי׃ ס

BSAThe people of GazaʻAzzâh [Azzah, the strong city] will shave their heads in mourningqorchâh [become bald, experience baldness] AshkelonʼAshqᵉlôwn [a major Philistine city] will be silenceddâmâh [cease, brought to nothing] O remnantshᵉʼêrîyth [what is left, surviving ones] of their valleyʻêmeq [lowland area] how longʻad [until when, for how much time] will you gash yourselfgâdad [cut, wound]

Word
Listen & take awayJeremiah 47
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 5 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (tit.go.Da.di) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Jeremiah 47:5quick helps
In a sentenceJeremiah proclaims mourning for Gaza and Ashkelon, warning the remnant of the valley.
Who is speakingJeremiah, addressing the people of Gaza and Ashkelon.
Where we areA prophetic declaration concerning the fate of Philistine cities.
The hard wordתִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִי
Take awayThe call to mourning is urgent and personal.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectקׇרְחָה verbבּוֹא The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Jeremiah 47:5

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Prophecy Against the Philistinesgenerated

4For the day has come to destroy all the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every remaining ally. Indeed, the LORD is about to destroy the Philistines, the remnant from the coasts of Caphtor.
5The people of Gaza will shave their heads in mourning; Ashkelon will be silenced. O remnant of their valley, how long will you gash yourself?
6‘Alas, O sword of the LORD, how long until you rest? Return to your sheath; cease and be still!’
7How can it rest when the LORD has commanded it? He has appointed it against Ashkelon and the shore of its coastland.”

Jeremiah 47:5 speaks of the impending destruction of the Philistine cities, particularly Gaza and Ashkelon. The prophet Jeremiah conveys a message of mourning that reflects the devastation and loss that will come upon these cities. This passage emphasizes the consequences of their actions and serves as a warning to the remnant of the valley, highlighting a sense of urgency and despair.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Jeremiah 48:37For every head is shaved and every beard is clipped; on every hand is a gash, and around every waist is sackcloth.
2Isaiah 15:2Dibon goes up to its temple to weep at its high places. Moab wails over Nebo, as well as over Medeba. Every head is shaved, every beard is cut off.
3Ezekiel 7:18They will put on sackcloth, and terror will overwhelm them. Shame will cover all their faces, and all their heads will be shaved.
4Micah 1:16Shave yourselves bald and cut off your hair in mourning for your precious children; make yourselves as bald as an eagle, for they will go from you into exile.
5Jeremiah 47:1This is the word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet about the Philistines before Pharaoh struck down Gaza.

The Key Word תִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִי, tit.go.Da.digenerated

The word תִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִי (tit.go.Da.di) is a verb in the Hithpael form, indicating a reflexive action of cutting oneself, often in the context of mourning rituals. This form suggests an action performed by the subject upon themselves, which is significant in the cultural practice of expressing grief.

The root of this verb relates to cutting or wounding, and in this context, it conveys a deep emotional response to loss. The use of this verb emphasizes the intensity of mourning that the remnant is called to engage in, illustrating the seriousness of their situation.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the verse is נִדְמְתָ֥ה, it will be silent, which governs the overall structure. The verse consists of several phrases, including a prepositional phrase describing the location (Gaza), a noun phrase indicating the subject (the people), and a direct address to the remnant.

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the actions of the people and their response to the impending calamity, highlighting the urgency of their mourning.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates בָּ֤אָה as ἥκει, which means 'it has come.' This choice indicates a direct correlation between the Hebrew and Greek, maintaining the sense of impending arrival of destruction.

The translation of תִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִי as κόψεις suggests a focus on the act of cutting, aligning with the Hebrew's emphasis on self-inflicted wounds during mourning.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Jeremiah 47:5 describes how the people of Gaza will mourn by shaving their heads, and Ashkelon will become silent. The remnant of the valley is called to question how long they will continue to wound themselves in grief, highlighting the depth of their sorrow.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean for the people to shave their heads?

Shaving the head is a traditional sign of mourning, indicating deep sorrow and loss.

Why does Jeremiah address the remnant of the valley?

The remnant represents those who survive the destruction, and Jeremiah calls them to recognize their condition and respond to the impending judgment.

What is the significance of the phrase 'how long will you gash yourself'?

This phrase emphasizes the urgency and intensity of their mourning, suggesting that their grief should lead to reflection and change.

How does this passage relate to the overall message of Jeremiah?

This passage is part of Jeremiah's broader prophetic message about judgment and the consequences of sin, calling for repentance and awareness of God's impending actions.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I express grief or mourning in my own life, and how can I do so in a healthy manner?
  2. What does it mean to be a remnant in today's context, and how can I support others who are struggling?
  3. How can I reflect on the consequences of my actions and their impact on those around me?
  4. What steps can I take to turn my mourning into a time of reflection and growth?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 47:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Baldness is come upon Gaza,.... The Targum is, "vengeance is come to the inhabitants of Gaza.'' It is become like a man whose hair is fallen from his head, or is clean shaved off; its houses were

Read John Gill on Jeremiah 47 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Baldness is come upon Gaza; Ashkelon is cut off with the remnant of their valley: how long wilt thou cut thyself? Baldness is come upon Gaza ... how long wilt thou cut thyself?

Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 47 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Both Gaza and Ashkelon were two principal cities belonging to the Philistines taken by Judah, ; we read of them ; both Amos, Zephaniah, and Zechariah prophesied their ruin, ,7 Zechariah 9:5, as well as this prophet. By the remnant of their valley, most understand those who lived in the valleys near about Ashkelon. Concerning the last clause in this verse there is some difference, whether the words should be joined with the next verse, and read, how long wilt thou cut thyself, O thou sword of the Lord? or as they lie in our Bibles; and then the sense is, Why will you in so desperate a case afflict yourselves, when all your mourning will do you no good.

Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 47 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Jeremiah 47:5 Baldness is come upon Gaza; Ashkelon is cut off [with] the remnant of their valley: how long wilt thou cut thyself?Ver. 5. Baldness is come upon Gaza,] i.e., Extreme grief, which might have been prevented, had she profited by her former calamity. But till God come in with sanctifying grace, afflictions, those hammers of his, do but beat upon cold iron. Ashkelon is cut off.] Or, Is silenced; which was wont to be full of singing, dancing, and loud luring. Here was born, they say, Herod the infanticide, surnamed therefore Ascalonita. With the remnant of their valley.] Palestine lay most of it low, and was yet to be laid lower. Adrichom.

Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 47 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(5) Baldness is come upon Gaza.—The baldness is the outward sign of extremest mourning (Jeremiah 48:37; Isaiah 15:2-3), perhaps, also, of extremest desolation (Isaiah 7:20). Ashkelon is cut off . . .—Better, perhaps, Ashkelon is speechless. The LXX. apparently followed a different text, and gives “the remnant of the Anakim” instead of “the remnant of their valley.” Hitzig adopts this rendering, and connects it with the known fact that a remnant of the old gigantic non-Semitic race had taken refuge among the Philistines (1 Samuel 17:4; 2 Samuel 21:22; 1 Chronicles 20:5-8) after they had been driven from Hebron (Joshua 14:12-15; Joshua 15:13-14). Others, without adopting the LXX. reading…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 47 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 5. Baldness is come upon Gaza] They have cut off their hair in token of deep sorrow and distress. Ashkelon is cut off] Or put to silence; another mark of the deepest sorrow. Ashkelon was one of the five seignories of the Philistines, Gaza was another. The remnant of their valley] Or plain; for the whole land of the Philistines was a vast plain, which extended along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea from Phoenicia to the frontiers of Egypt. The whole of this plain, the territory of the Philistines, shall be desolated.

Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 47 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

5. Baldness] in token of mourning. See on Jeremiah 16:6. Gaza] important from its situation at the junction of the roads for caravans from Egypt and Arabia. Ashkelon] mentioned again in Jeremiah 47:7. Co., however, proposes to substitute here Ashdod, while Rothstein thinks that the latter has fallen out through the similarity of the two words. Peake suggests that, if so, it should not precede but follow Ashkelon on account of its connexion (Joshua 11:22) with the Anakim. See next note. the remnant of their valley] better, as LXX, the remainder of the Anakim (the old race of giants, see Numbers 13:33; Deuteronomy 2:10, and elsewhere). This avoids the unsuitable description of the country…

Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 47 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Baldness - Extreme mourning (see Jeremiah 16:6). Is cut off - Others render, is speechless through grief. With the remnant of their valley - Others, O remnant of their valley, how long wilt thou cut thyself?

Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 47 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

The people of Gaza will shave their heads in mourning; Ashkelon will be silenced. O remnant of their valley, how long will you gash yourself?

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Baldness has come on Gaza; Ashkelon is brought to nothing. You remnant of their valley, how long will you cut yourself?

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

The people of Gaza will shave their heads in mourning; Ashkelon will be silenced. O remnant of their valley, how long will you gash yourself?

NETBNew English Translation2006

The people of Gaza will shave their heads in mourning. The people of Ashkelon will be struck dumb. How long will you gash yourselves to show your sorrow, you who remain of Philistia’s power?

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Baldness is come upon Gaza; Ashkelon is cut off with the remnant of their valley: how long wilt thou cut thyself?

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Baldness is come upon Gaza; Ashkelon is brought to nought, the remnant of their valley: how long wilt thou cut thyself?

RVARevised Version, American1894

Baldness is come upon Gaza; Ashkelon is brought to nought, the remnant of their valley: how long wilt thou cut thyself?

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Baldness is come upon Gaza; Ashkelon is cut off with the remnant of their valley: how long wilt thou cut thyself?

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Baldenes is come vpon Azzah: Ashkelon is cut vp with the rest of their valleys. Howe long wilt thou thy selfe?

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Baldness is come upon Gazah; Ashkelon is cut off, the remnant of their valley: how long wilt thou cut thyself?

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Come hath baldness unto Gaza, Cut off hath been Ashkelon, O remnant of their valley, Till when dost thou cut thyself?

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Baldness has come to Gaza, || Ashkelon has been cut off, || O remnant of their valley, || Until when do you cut yourself?

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Baldness is come upon Gazzah; ruined is Ashkelon with the remnant of their valley: how long yet wilt thou cut thyself?

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Baldness will come upon Gaza. As for Ashkelon, the people who are left in their valley will be made silent. How long will you cut yourself in mourning?

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Baldness is come upon Gaza: Ascalon hath held her peace with the remnant of their valley: how long shalt thou cut thyself?

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The people of Gaza will shave their heads; the town of Ashkelon lies in ruins. You who are left on the coastal plain, how long will you go on cutting yourself?

BBEBible in Basic English1949

The hair is cut off from the head of Gaza; Ashkelon has come to nothing; the last of the Anakim are deeply wounding themselves.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbבָּ֤אָהit.will.comesubjectקָרְחָה֙baldnessprepositional phrase · prepositionalאֶלtoעַזָּ֔הGazaclauseverbנִדְמְתָ֥הit.will.be.silentnoun phrase · subjectאַשְׁקְל֖וֹןAshkelonnoun phraseשְׁאֵרִ֣יתO.remnantnoun phraseעִמְקָ֑their.valleyםtheirclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַדuntilמָתַ֖יwhen?verbתִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִיwill.you.cut.yourself

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with only minor variations in word order. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration, with several words supplied by an editor, indicating a partial agreement with the Masoretic Text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

בָּ֤אָה קָרְחָה֙ אֶל־ עַזָּ֔ה נִדְמְתָ֥ה אַשְׁקְל֖וֹן שְׁאֵרִ֣ית עִמְקָ֑ם עַד־ מָתַ֖י תִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִי׃ ס

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
בָּ֤אָהἥκειקָרְחָה֙φαλάκρωμαאֶל־ἐπὶעַזָּ֔הγάζανנִדְמְתָ֥הἀπερρίφηאַשְׁקְל֖וֹןἀσκαλὼνעִמְקָ֑םενακιμעַד־ἕωςמָתַ֖יτίνοςתִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִי׃ סκόψεις

10 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 2Q13a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

באה [קורחה] [אל] [עזה] [נדמתה] [אשקלון] [שארית] [עמק׳ם] עד מתי תתגוררי

3 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Jeremiah 47:5בּוֹאit will comit will comeבּוֹאקָרְחָהbaldnessbaldnessקָרְחָהאֶלtotoאֶלעַזָּהGazaGazaעַזָּהדָּמָהit will be it will be sileדָּמָהאַשְׁקְלוֹןAshkelonAshkelonאַשְׁקְלוֹןשְׁאֵרִיתO remnant oO remnant ofשְׁאֵרִיתעֵ֫מֶקvalley theivalley theirעֵ֫מֶקעַדuntiluntilעַדמָתַיwhen?when?מָתַיגָּדַדwill you cuwill you cut yoגָּדַדקָרַחto make bato make baldקָרַחשָׁקַלto weighto weighשָׁקַלשָׁאַרto remainto remainשָׁאַרעָמֹקbe deepbe deepעָמֹקעַזstrongstrongעַזעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדגּוּדto raidto raidגּוּדאַשְׁדּוֹדAshdodAshdodאַשְׁדּוֹדשֶׁ֫מֶשׁsunsunשֶׁ֫מֶשׁזָקָןbeardbeardזָקָןגָּרַעto dimishto dimishגָּרַעפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַליִרְמְיָ֫הJeremiahJeremiahיִרְמְיָ֫האַשְׁקְלוֹןAshkelonAshkelonאַשְׁקְלוֹןמָשַׁלto likento likenמָשַׁלעַזָּהGazaGazaעַזָּהפְּלֵיטָהsurvivorsurvivorפְּלֵיטָהקָבַץto gatherto gatherקָבַץ
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 47:5

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

it will come baldness to Gaza it will be silent Ashkelon O remnant of valley their until when? will you cut yourself
בָּ֤אָהBa.'ah it will come H935 Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
2,573× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.
Tyndale gloss
Lebo
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בּוֹא (bo) is a Hebrew verb meaning to come or go in, with a wide range of applications including entering, arriving, and bringing in. It can refer to both physical movement and abstract concepts like events coming to pass. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to come), Hiphil (to cause to come), and Hophal (to be brought). There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go

Qal

come in

come (approach, arrive)

go, i.e. walk, associate with

go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

Hiph.

cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

Hoph.

be brought in (of pers. and things)

be brought

be introduced, put

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H935 בּוֹא come in, come, go in, go .. come in

. come (approach, arrive)

. go, i.e. walk, associate with

. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

. . cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

. . be brought in (of pers. and things)

. be brought

. be introduced, put

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

935 bow' bo

a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of

applications):--abide, apply, attain, X be, befall, +

besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, X

certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out,

upon, to pass), depart, X doubtless again, + eat, + employ,

(cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be

fallen, fetch, + follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war),

grant, + have, X indeed, (in-)vade, lead, lift (up), mention,

pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, X (well) stricken

(in age), X surely, take (in), way.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): come.

: come/go_in

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

1a5) to go

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to lead in

1b2) to carry in

1b3) to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon

1b4) to bring to pass

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be brought, brought in

1c2) to be introduced, be put

לְב֥וֹא (bo) — Lebo-(Hamath).

This name means to go in, enter

Combined with cha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574)

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): towards.

: towards/entrance

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqp3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
HVqp3fs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kum: The translation of many Hebrew and Greek words. In the phrase "The Spirit of Yahweh came mightily upon him" (Jud 14:6,19; 15:14; 1Sa 10:10; 11:6; 16:13), the word is tsaleah; Jud 14:6; 15:14 "came mightily," which is the uniform translation of the Revised Version (British and American) (compare Jud 13:25 "to move," i.e. to disturb or stir up). In Jud 6:34; 1Ch 12:18; 2Ch 24:20, it is labhesh, "to clothe"; the Revised Version, margin "The Spirit .... clothed itself with Gideon" and .... "with Zechariah,"…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
it will come baldness to Gaza it will be silent Ashkelon O remnant of valley their until when? will you cut yourself
קָרְחָה֙ka.re.Chah baldness H7144 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to baldness or a bald spot, often translated as 'bald' or 'baldness' in the KJV. It describes a lack of hair.
Amplified meaning
become bald, experience baldness
Tyndale gloss
bald spot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָרְחָה (qorchah) refers to baldness or a bald spot, often associated with mourning. It is derived from the root word for baldness and is mentioned in Ezekiel 27:31. The term emphasizes the physical state of being bald, which can carry cultural significance in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָרְחָה n.f. baldness, bald spot, made as sign of mourning

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7144 קָרְחָה baldness, bald spot, made as sign of mourning

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7144 qorchah kor-khaw'

or qorcha; (Ezek. 27:31) {kor-khaw'}; from 7139;

baldness:--bald(-ness), X utterly.

see HEBREW for 07139

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קׇרְחָה (qor.chah) — bald spot.

baldness, bald

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

bald'-ness qorchah: The reference in the Bible to baldness is not to the natural loss of hair, but to baldness produced by shaving the head. This was practiced as a mark of mourning for the dead (Le 21:5; Isa 15:2; 22:12); as the result of any disaster (Am 8:10; Mic 1:16). The custom arose from the fact that the hair was regarded as a special ornament. It was the custom of the people of the land, and the Israelites were strictly forbidden to practice it (Le 21:5; Deut 14:1). These are striking passages with reference to the knowledge the Israelites had concerning the…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Baldness

From natural causes was uncommon (2 Kings 2:23; Isa. 3:24). It was included apparently under “scab” and “scurf,” which disqualified for the priesthood (Lev. 21:20). The Egyptians were rarely subject to it. This probably arose from their custom of constantly shaving the head, only allowing the hair to grow as a sign of mourning. With the Jews artificial baldness was a sign of mourning (Isa. 22:12; Jer. 7:29; 16:6); it also marked the conclusion of a Nazarite’s vow (Acts 18:18; 21:24; Num. 6:9). It is often…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

Natural baldness seems to have been uncommon, since it exposed people to public derision. (Leviticus 13:29; 2 Kings 2:23; Isaiah 3:24; 15:2; Jeremiah 47:5; Ezekiel 7:18) Artificial baldness marked the conclusion of a Nazarite’s vow, (Numbers 6:9; Acts 18:18) and was a sign of mourning.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Le 13:40,41

→ A judgment Isa 3:24; Jer 47:5; 48:37; Eze 7:18

→ Artificial, a sign of mourning Isa 22:12; Jer 16:6; Eze 27:31; 29:18; Am 8:10; Mic 1:16

→ Artificial, as an idolatrous practice, forbidden Le 21:5; De 14:1

→ INSTANCES OF

it will come baldness to Gaza it will be silent Ashkelon O remnant of valley their until when? will you cut yourself
אֶל־'el- to H413 Preposition
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
it will come baldness to Gaza it will be silent Ashkelon O remnant of valley their until when? will you cut yourself
עַזָּ֔ה'a.Zah Gaza H5804 Noun proper
21× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Azzah is another name for Gaza, a Philistine city in southwest Palestine, meaning 'the strong' in Hebrew.
Amplified meaning
Azzah, the strong city
Tyndale gloss
Gaza
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַזָּה (Azzah) refers to Gaza, a significant Philistine city located in the southwest of Palestine. The word is derived from a root meaning 'strong.' It is noted in various lexicons as a proper noun, specifically identifying this ancient location.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַזָּה n.pr.loc. Gaza;—Philistine city, southernmost of the famous five cities

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5804 עַזָּה Gaza

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5804 `Azzah az-zaw'

feminine of 5794; strong; Azzah, a place in

Palestine:--Azzah, Gaza.

see HEBREW for 05794

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַזָּה (az.zah) — Gaza.

§ Azzah = "the strong"

another name for 'Gaza', a city of the Philistines located in the extreme southwest of Palestine close to the Mediterranean

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ga'-za (`azzah, "strong"; Septuagint Gaza; Arabic Ghazzeh):

One of the five chief towns of Philistia and probably the oldest, situated near the coast in lat. 31 degrees 30' and about 40 miles South of Jaffa. It is on a hill rising 60 to 200 ft. above the plain, with sand dunes between it and the sea, which is about 2 1/2 miles distant. The plain around is fertile and wells abound, and, being on the border of the desert between Syria and Egypt and lying in the track of caravans and armies passing from one to the other, it was in ancient times a place of importance. The earliest notices of it are found in the records of Egypt.

Thothmes III refers to it in the account of his expedition to Syria in 1479 BC, and it occurs again in the records of the expedition of Seti I in 1313 BC (Breasted, History of Egypt, 285, 409).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Gaza

Called also Azzah, which is its Hebrew name (Deut. 2:23; 1 Kings 4:24; Jer. 25:20), strong, a city on the Mediterranean shore, remarkable for its early importance as the chief centre of a great commercial traffic with Egypt. It is one of the oldest cities of the world (Gen. 10:19; Josh. 15:47). Its earliest inhabitants were the Avims, who were conquered and displaced by the Caphtorims (Deut. 2:23; Josh. 13:2, 3), a Philistine tribe. In the division of the land it fell to the lot of Judah (

it will come baldness to Gaza it will be silent Ashkelon O remnant of valley their until when? will you cut yourself
נִדְמְתָ֥הnid.me.Tah it will be silent H1820 Verb · Niphal · perfect third person feminine singular
15× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To cease or be destroyed is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which can also mean to be silent or fail. It is used in Psalms and Isaiah to describe the end of something. God's power can bring about destruction.
Amplified meaning
cease, brought to nothing
Tyndale gloss
to cease
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָּמָה (damah) is a Hebrew verb that means to cease or cause to cease, and it encompasses ideas of cutting off, destroying, or perishing. It can be used in different forms, such as the Qal (active) and Niphal (passive), indicating actions like ceasing or being cut off. The entries consistently highlight its association with destruction and silence.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[דָּמָה] vb. cease, cause to cease, cut off, destroy

Qal

intr. cease

cause to cease, cut off, destroy

Niph. be cut off, destroyed, ruined

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1820 [דָּמָה] cease, cause to cease, cut off, destroy

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1820 damah daw-mam'

a primitive root; to be dumb or silent; hence, to fail or

perish; trans. to destroy:--cease, be cut down (off), destroy,

be brought to silence, be undone, X utterly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָּמָה (da.mah) — to cease.

1) to cease, cause to cease, cut off, destroy, perish

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to cease

1a2) to cause to cease, destroy

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be cut off

1b2) to be undone, be cut off at sight of the theophany

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Niphal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person feminine singular
HVNp3fs
it will come baldness to Gaza it will be silent Ashkelon O remnant of valley their until when? will you cut yourself
אַשְׁקְל֖וֹן'ash.ke.Lon Ashkelon H831 Noun proper
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Ashkelon was a major city in ancient Palestine, southwest of Jerusalem. It was a key Philistine city, mentioned in the books of Joshua and Amos. The KJV translates it as 'Ashkelon' or 'Askalon'.
Amplified meaning
a major Philistine city
Tyndale gloss
Ashkelon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַשְׁקְלוֹן (ashqlown) refers to Ashkelon, a Philistine city located southwest of Jerusalem. The name is thought to derive from a term meaning 'weighing-place' or 'mart.' It is also noted that the name may imply 'the fire of infamy: I shall be weighed.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַשְׁקְלוֹן n.pr.loc. a city of the Philistines

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H831 אַשְׁקְלוֹן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

831 'Ashqlown ash-kel-one'

probably from 8254 in the sense of weighing-place (i.e.

mart); Ashkelon, a place in Palestine:--Ashkelon, Askalon.

see HEBREW for 08254

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַשְׁקְלוֹן (ash.qe.lon) — Ashkelon.

Askelon or Ashkelon = "the fire of infamy: I shall be weighed"

a maritime city of the Philistines, southwest of Jerusalem

Also named: esh.qe.lo.ni (אֶשְׁקְלוֹנִי "Ashkelon" H0832)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ask'-ke-lon, esh'-ka-lon, as'-ke-lon (the King James Version Eshkalon, (Eshkalonites; Jos 13:3); Askelon, (Jud 1:18; 1Sa 6:17; 2Sa 1:20); 'ashqelon; modern Askelan): A maritime town between Jaffa and Gaza, one of the five chief cities of the Philistines. The Ashkelonites are mentioned by Joshua (Jos 13:3), and the city was taken by the tribe of Judah (Jud 1:18). One of the golden tumors (the King James Version "emerods") sent back with the ark by the Philistines was from Ashkelon (1Sa 6:17).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Ashkelon

=Askelon=Ascalon, was one of the five cities of the Philistines (Josh. 13:3; 1 Sam. 6:17). It stood on the shore of the Mediterranean, 12 miles north of Gaza. It is mentioned on an inscription at Karnak in Egypt as having been taken by king Rameses II., the oppressor of the Hebrews. In the time of the judges (Judg. 1:18) it fell into the possession of the tribe of Judah; but it was soon after retaken by the Philistines (2 Sam. 1:20), who were not finally dispossessed till the time of Alexander the Great. Samson went down to this place from Timnath, and slew thirty men and took their spoil. The prophets foretold its destruction (

→ Also called ASKELON

→ One of the five chief cities of the Philistines Jos 13:3

→ Captured by the people of Judah Jud 1:18

→ Samson kills thirty men of Jud 14:19

→ Emerods (tumors, R. V.) of 1Sa 6:17

→ Prophecies concerning Jer 25:20; 47:5,7; Am 1:8; Zep 2:4,7; Zec 9:5

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
it will come baldness to Gaza it will be silent Ashkelon O remnant of valley their until when? will you cut yourself
שְׁאֵרִ֣יתshe.'e.Rit O remnant of H7611 Noun common · feminine singular construct
66× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for remnant refers to what is left after something has been destroyed or taken away, like the Israelites who survived the Babylonian exile. It appears in books like Isaiah and Jeremiah. The concept of a remnant is key to God's plan for his people.
Amplified meaning
what is left, surviving ones
Tyndale gloss
remnant
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׁאֵרִית (sh'eriyth) refers to a remnant or remainder, indicating what is left over or surviving. It encompasses concepts like residue, descendants, and what has escaped. The word is derived from a root meaning to remain, and it is used in contexts related to survival or continuation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׁאֵרִית n.f. rest, residue, remnant, remainder

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7611 שְׁאֵרִית rest, residue, remnant, remainder

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7611 sh'eriyth sheh-ay-reeth'

from 7604; a remainder or residual (surviving, final)

portion:--that had escaped, be left, posterity, remain(-der),

remnant, residue, rest.

see HEBREW for 07604

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׁאֵרִית (she.e.rit) — remnant.

1) rest, residue, remainder, remnant

1a) rest, what is left

1b) remainder, descendants

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

it will come baldness to Gaza it will be silent Ashkelon O remnant of valley their until when? will you cut yourself
עִמְקָ֑ם'im.Kam valley their H6010 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
69× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Describes a valley or lowland area, like the Valley of Elah where David fought Goliath.
Amplified meaning
lowland area
Tyndale gloss
valley
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עֵ֫מֶק (*'emeq*) means 'vale' or 'valley,' indicating a broad depression in the landscape. It is derived from the root meaning 'deepening' or 'depth.' This term is often used in proper names, such as the Valley of Achor and the Valley of Elah, and covers a range of valleys and lowlands mentioned in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵ֫מֶק 70 n.m. vale (prop. deepening, depth)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6010 עֵ֫מֶק vale (prop. deepening, depth)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6010 `emeq ay'-mek

from 6009; a vale (i.e. broad depression):--dale, vale,

valley (often used as a part of proper names). See also 1025.

see HEBREW for 06009

see HEBREW for 01025

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Achor).

Combined with a.khor (עָכוֹר " of Achor" H5911)

§ valley, vale, lowland, open country

עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Beracah).

Combined with be.ra.khah (בְּרָכָה " of Beracah" H1294H)

§ valley, vale, lowland, open country

עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Elah).

Combined with e.lah (אֵלָה "Elah" H0425L)

§ valley, vale, lowland, open country

עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Emek.

§ valley, vale, lowland, open country

עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Hebron).

Combined with chev.ron (חֶבְרוֹן " of Hebron" H2275H)

§ valley, vale, lowland, open country

עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Topheth).

valley, vale, lowland, open country

Another name of to.phet (תֹּ֫פֶת "Topheth" H8612)

עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Jezreel).

Combined with yiz.re.el (יִזְרְעֶאל " of Jezreel" H3157L)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3mp
it will come baldness to Gaza it will be silent Ashkelon O remnant of valley their until when? will you cut yourself
עַד־'ad- until H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Amplified meaning
until when, for how much time
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
it will come baldness to Gaza it will be silent Ashkelon O remnant of valley their until when? will you cut yourself
מָתַ֖יma.Tai when? H4970 Particle
43× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means 'when' or 'how long', often used to ask about time or duration, like in Genesis when asking how long a task will take.
Tyndale gloss
how
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָתַי (mathay) is an adverb meaning 'when?' It is derived from an unused root that suggests extension, particularly in relation to time. The word is used interrogatively to ask about timeframes, such as 'how long?' or 'until when?'. It appears in contexts that require a temporal inquiry.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מָתַי 43 interrog.adv. when?

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4970 מָתַי when?

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4970 mathay maw-thah'ee

from an unused root meaning to extend; properly, extent (of

time); but used only adverbially (especially with other

particle prefixes), when (either relative or

interrogative):--long, when.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָתַי (ma.tay) — how.

1) when?

1a) with prep

1a1) against when?, until when?, how long?, after how long?

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTi — Particle
HTi
it will come baldness to Gaza it will be silent Ashkelon O remnant of valley their until when? will you cut yourself
תִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִי׃ סtit.go.Da.di will you cut yourself H1413 Verb · Hithpael · imperfect second person feminine singular
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To cut or crowd is the meaning of this Hebrew verb, which can also mean to gather in troops or attack, as seen in its Aramaic equivalent 'gedad'.
Amplified meaning
cut, wound
Tyndale gloss
to cut
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גָּדַד (gadad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to penetrate or cut. It encompasses actions like attacking or invading, as well as gathering in troops. The Hithpoel form indicates cutting oneself, often in a religious context. The entries suggest a range of meanings from physical actions to social gatherings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[גָּדַד] vb. penetrate, cut

Qal they attack (penetrate, make inroads upon) the life of a righteous man

Hithpo.

cut oneself, as religious (heathen) practice

gather troops, or bands; go in troops or throngs, throng

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1413 [גָּדַד] penetrate, cut .they attack (penetrate, make inroads upon) the life of a righteous man

. . cut oneself, as religious (heathen) practice

. gather troops, or bands; go in troops or throngs, throng

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1413 gadad gaw-dad'

a primitive root (compare 1464); to crowd; also to gash (as

if by pressing into):--assemble (selves by troops), gather

(selves together, self in troops), cut selves.

see HEBREW for 01464

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גָּדַד (ga.dad) — to cut.

1) to penetrate, cut, attack, invade

1a) (Qal) to penetrate, cut into

1b)(Hithpoel)

1b1) to cut oneself

1b2) to gather in troops or crowds

Aramaic equivalent: ge.dad (גְּדַד "to chop" H1414)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-r-Imperf-2fs — Verb · Hithpael · imperfect second person feminine singular
HVti2fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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